Shield tunnel fire personnel defibering toughness rescue evaluation method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a shield tunnel fire disaster personnel defibering toughness rescue assessment method and system, and the method carries out the quantitative analysis through the combination of formula derivation and theory, firstly determines tunnel evacuation facility parameters, then generates a tunnel fire disaster defibering toughness strategy, and then proposes an evacuation time calculation method. And calculating whether the time for all the personnel to leave the tunnel after entering the exit passageway is not greater than the fire-resistant limit time of the tunnel component, and if so, outputting a suggestion to increase the number of the rescue vehicles or increase the passenger capacity of the rescue vehicles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of tunnel safety and emergency response, and relates to a method and system for evaluating the resilience rescue of personnel evacuation in a shield tunnel fire, and in particular to a quantitative evaluation method for personnel evacuation strategies in a safe passageway of an ultra-long distance shield tunnel fire accident. Background Art

[0002] With the strengthening of transportation infrastructure, the length of tunnels is getting longer and longer. Due to the structural characteristics of tunnels, once a fire occurs, it is very easy to cause huge casualties and economic losses. In addition, the space in the tunnel is small and the ventilation is poor. After the fire occurs, the smoke concentration is high and the temperature is high, which brings great difficulties to the rescue work.

[0003] In case of fire in super-long shield tunnel, trapped personnel evacuate through the evacuation stairs and quickly enter the safety passage at the bottom of the tunnel. This process is usually regarded as evacuation, and the evacuation is considered complete when personnel enter the safety passage. However, how trapped personnel escape from the tunnel in the safety passage is still a research gap. Moreover, the safety passage is a closed and narrow space, which can easily cause panic among people. The time to leave the tunnel becomes unknown, which exacerbates the panic. When the shield section opens the evacuation stair cover for evacuation, some smoke in the tunnel may flow back into the safety passage, causing people to inhale smoke and get injured. After a fire occurs, casualties may occur during the escape, so it is particularly important to quickly leave the tunnel and go to the hospital for medical treatment.

[0004] In tunnel fires, it is particularly important to ensure that personnel and materials can be evacuated to safe areas quickly, orderly and safely through a series of efficient, robust, adaptable and resilient measures. Integrating the concept of resilience into tunnel evacuation emphasizes enhancing the response and recovery capabilities by improving the overall resilience of the system. In the overall evacuation, the needs of special groups, such as the elderly and children, are taken into account to ensure that they can be evacuated safely; the ability to respond quickly to evacuation is possessed; and data support is provided for improving the overall evacuation efficiency by calculating the evacuation and rescue time of the rescue vehicle.

[0005] In addition, according to Article 4.1.1 of the "Standard for Fire Protection Design of Subways" (GB 51298-2018), "the fire resistance level of underground tunnels should be level 1"; and Article 5.1.2 of the "Standard for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" (GB 50016-2018) stipulates that "the fire resistance limit of load-bearing walls with a fire resistance level of level 1 is 3h (10800s), and the fire resistance limit of non-load-bearing walls with a fire resistance level of level 1 is 1h (3600s)". Taking the most extreme accident situation in the tunnel as a benchmark, the total time for personnel to evacuate from the accident tunnel and reach the safe area should not exceed the fire resistance limit time of the tunnel components, that is, 3600 seconds.

[0006] The process of trapped people leaving the tunnel after entering a safe passage is defined as "evacuation". Therefore, how to quickly "evacuate" after a fire in the tunnel is the key to emergency rescue after a tunnel fire accident.

[0007] In the existing research, most of the escape from the safe passage of shield tunnels only stays on the setting of tunnel facility parameters such as adjusting the distance between evacuation openings and optimizing the width of evacuation stairs, and there is little research on the evacuation strategy in the safe passage. It is also an urgent problem to solve the rescue plan of the rescue vehicle and how the trapped people can reasonably ride the rescue vehicle to improve the rescue efficiency, and optimize the number of rescue vehicles on the premise of ensuring that all personnel can be evacuated within a safe time. Summary of the invention

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a quantitative evaluation method for the personnel evacuation strategy in the safe passage after a fire accident in an ultra-long-distance shield tunnel. This method does not require adjustment to the existing tunnel structure and can be directly applied to parameters such as tunnel length after a tunnel fire. It has good universality and is easy to operate.

[0009] A method for assessing the resilience rescue of people in shield tunnel fires is used to assess whether the rescue time for rescuing people to be evacuated is not greater than the fire resistance limit time of tunnel components when the number of rescue vehicles of an emergency management station is K and the passenger capacity of a rescue vehicle is a based on different tunnel structures, the spacing and number of evacuation openings of shield sections, the number of people to be evacuated and the location of the fire source. If so, it is recommended to increase the number of rescue vehicles or the passenger capacity of rescue vehicles. The number of people to be evacuated is the average value estimated by the existing technology, and the fire resistance limit time of tunnel components is 3600s.

[0010] The tunnel includes a two-way main line tunnel, with a number of evacuation exits arranged at equal distances in the tunnel, and a safety passage in the tunnel. The tunnel safety passage is used to enable ground vehicles to directly reach the lower part of the fire area and connect the tunnel lane layer to meet the passage requirements of rescue vehicles. An emergency management station is set outside the tunnel entrance.

[0011] The method for assessing the resilience of personnel in a shield tunnel fire comprises the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: According to the evacuation and rescue facilities and fire source locations of different tunnels, confirm the rescue route of the rescue vehicle from the management station to the safe passage, the distance between the evacuation openings of the shield section, the number of people to be evacuated, the passenger capacity of the rescue vehicle and the driving speed.

[0013] Step 2. Determine the evacuation route and evacuation target priority;

[0014] Step 3. Calculate evacuation time based on tunnel parameters

[0015] The evacuation route in step 2 is that the rescue vehicle arrives at the main tunnel entrance from the emergency management station, and then arrives at the evacuation crowd from the main tunnel entrance through the safety passage to complete the evacuation. The crowd in the tunnel is divided into two categories, among which the elderly, the weak, the sick and the disabled are Class A personnel, and the remaining personnel are Class B personnel. When evacuating the tunnel, Class A personnel are evacuated first.

[0016] When the number of passengers carried by the rescue vehicle at one time is equal to the number of the elderly, the weak, the sick and the disabled at the evacuation point, When the rescue vehicle evacuation time in step 3 is calculated as follows:

[0017] T=max(t l , t c )

[0018] Where: T is the total time required for evacuation, t l is the time it takes for the rescue vehicle to transport all the elderly, weak, sick and disabled people out of the tunnel, tc is the time it takes for other people to leave the tunnel on foot, x is the total number of people who need to be evacuated, p is the ratio of the number of Class A people to the total number of people who need to be evacuated, b is the total number of evacuation exits in the congested section, a is the passenger capacity of a rescue vehicle; K is the number of rescue vehicles equipped for the tunnel;

[0019]

[0020] Where: L h is the distance from the fire source to the cave entrance, V rc The average walking speed of group B

[0021] in,

[0022]

[0023] Where: t i is the time when the rescue vehicle receives the evacuees during the i-th rescue; t mi The time it takes for the rescue vehicle to return to the cave entrance after picking up the evacuees; L G is the distance from the management station to the cave entrance; Vj is the speed of the rescue vehicle; Vr is the walking speed of the A-type crowd, n is the total number of times the rescue vehicle goes back and forth to the safe passage to evacuate people, n = b, L d The congestion section distance refers to the length of the congestion section for vehicles upstream of the fire after a fire occurs in the tunnel.

[0024] When the number of the elderly, the weak, the sick and the disabled at the evacuation point is greater than the number of passengers that the rescue vehicle can carry at one time, When the rescue vehicle evacuation time in step 3 is calculated as follows:

[0025] T=max(t kl , t c )

[0026] Where: T is the total time required for evacuation, tc is the time for other personnel to leave the tunnel on foot, x is the total number of people who need to be evacuated, p is the ratio of the number of Class A personnel to the total number of people who need to be evacuated, b is the total number of evacuation exits in the congested section, a is the passenger capacity of a rescue vehicle; K is the number of rescue vehicles equipped in the tunnel, the congested section is divided into b+1 sections, y k is the number of times the rescue vehicle encounters a type A person in the kth segment, and rescues aK people each time, t kl Time for rescue vehicles to transport all the old, weak, sick and disabled people out of the tunnel;

[0027]

[0028] Where: L h is the distance from the fire source to the cave entrance, V rc The average walking speed of group B

[0029] in,

[0030]

[0031] The above formula represents the total time it takes for the rescue vehicle to transport the elderly, weak, sick and disabled people out of the tunnel in each of the 1 to k segments;

[0032]

[0033] express Remove the remainder and take the integer to get c, if Then k =c+1;

[0034]

[0035] t mek =t ek , k>1

[0036] express Remove the remainder and take the integer to get c, if Then y k =c+1; if Then y k =c;

[0037] In the formula: All Class A personnel are divided equally into d according to the total number of vehicle loads, that is, d is an integer. If there is a remainder, d will automatically go up one place. d is the number of times the rescue vehicle encounters a Class A person after entering the safe passage and gets on the vehicle to leave the tunnel. t ek is the time when the rescue vehicle receives the evacuees during the kth rescue operation; t mek L is the time it takes for the rescue vehicle to return to the cave entrance after picking up the evacuees for the eth time in the kth segment; Gis the distance from the management station to the cave entrance; Vj is the speed of the rescue vehicle; Vr is the walking speed of the A-type crowd, L d The congestion section distance refers to the length of the congestion section for vehicles upstream of the fire after a fire occurs in the tunnel.

[0038] When the number of the elderly, the weak, the sick and the disabled at the evacuation point is less than the number of passengers that the rescue vehicle can carry at one time, When the rescue vehicle evacuation time in step 3 is calculated as follows:

[0039] T=max(t fl , t c )

[0040] Where: T is the total time required for evacuation, t fl is the time it takes for the rescue vehicle to transport all the elderly, weak, sick and disabled people out of the tunnel, tc is the time it takes for other people to leave the tunnel on foot, x is the total number of people who need to be evacuated, p is the ratio of the number of Class A people to the total number of people who need to be evacuated, b is the total number of evacuation exits in the congested section, a is the passenger capacity of a rescue vehicle; K is the number of rescue vehicles equipped for the tunnel;

[0041]

[0042] Where: L h is the distance from the fire source to the cave entrance, V rc The average walking speed of group B

[0043] in,

[0044]

[0045]

[0046] In the formula: All Class A personnel are divided equally into d according to the total number of vehicle loads, that is, d is an integer. If there is a remainder, d will automatically go up one position. d is the number of times the rescue vehicle encounters a-type personnel after entering the safety passage and leaves the tunnel. Each time aK people are rescued, t 1f is the time when the rescue vehicle receives the people to be evacuated during the fth rescue; t m1f L is the time it takes for the rescue vehicle to return to the cave entrance after picking up the evacuees for the fth time; G is the distance from the management station to the cave entrance; Vj is the speed of the rescue vehicle; Vr is the walking speed of the A-type crowd, L d The congestion section distance refers to the length of the congestion section for vehicles upstream of the fire after a fire occurs in the tunnel.

[0047] A shield tunnel fire personnel evacuation resilience rescue assessment system includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the shield tunnel fire personnel evacuation resilience rescue assessment are implemented.

[0048] If tc>3600s, after picking up all Category A personnel, the rescue vehicle returns to the tunnel to pick up the Category B personnel farthest from the tunnel entrance and leave the tunnel.

[0049] This method does not require adjustments to the existing tunnel structure and can be directly applied to parameters such as tunnel length after a tunnel fire. It has good universality and is easy to operate, and can quickly calculate the time required for rescue.

[0050] The present invention plans the selection of trapped persons by rescue vehicles, clarifies the tunnel fire evacuation strategy, formulates a pairing plan for the selection of rescue vehicles and trapped persons, quantifies the tunnel fire evacuation strategy, and realizes the estimated evacuation time under different fire locations. According to the tunnel fire protection limit of 3600s, the evacuation time can provide a reference basis for the number of rescue vehicles to be configured for the management center, optimize the number of rescue vehicles to be configured, and maximize economic benefits within a safe range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 This is the location map of the fire source in the tunnel;

[0052] Figure 2 It is an evacuation route map;

[0053] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional diagram of a shield tunnel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0055] like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, a method for evaluating the resilience rescue of people in shield tunnel fire evacuation is used to evaluate whether the rescue time of the people to be evacuated is not greater than the fire resistance limit time of the tunnel components when the number of rescue vehicles of the emergency management station is K and the passenger capacity of a rescue vehicle is a based on different tunnel structures, the spacing and number of evacuation openings of the shield section, the number of people to be evacuated and the location of the fire source. If it is greater, the output is to recommend increasing the number of rescue vehicles or the passenger capacity of the rescue vehicles.

[0056] The tunnel includes a two-way main line tunnel with several evacuation exits arranged at equal distances. A safety passage is set up in the tunnel. The safety passage is used to enable ground vehicles to directly reach the lower part of the fire area and connect the tunnel lane layer to meet the passage requirements of rescue vehicles. An emergency management station is set up outside the tunnel entrance.

[0057] The shield tunnel fire personnel resilience evacuation and rescue assessment method comprises the following steps:

[0058] Step 1. Confirm tunnel parameters according to the evacuation and rescue facilities and fire source locations of different tunnels;

[0059] Step 2. Determine the evacuation route and evacuation target priority;

[0060] The people in the tunnel are divided into two categories. Category A is the elderly, the weak, the sick and the disabled, and Category B is the remaining people except Category A. During evacuation, Category A is given priority to leave the tunnel by rescue vehicles, while Category B walks to the nearest cave entrance or working shaft to leave the tunnel.

[0061] Step 3. Calculate the evacuation time based on the comparison between the number of passengers in the rescue vehicle and the number of passengers at the evacuation point and the tunnel parameters. During the rescue, the evacuees will walk towards the exit when they are not on the rescue vehicle.

[0062] When the destination is the cave entrance, the evacuation time is

[0063] T=max(t l , t c )

[0064] Where: T is the total time required for evacuation, t l The time required for the rescue vehicle to transport all Category A personnel out of the tunnel, t c Time for Class B personnel to leave the tunnel on foot

[0065]

[0066] Where: L h is the distance from the fire source to the cave entrance, V rc is the average walking speed of Category B people.

[0067] X1. When the number of passengers carried by the rescue vehicle at one time is equal to the number of the elderly, the weak, the sick and the disabled at the evacuation point, that is hour:

[0068]

[0069] Where: t i is the time when the rescue vehicle receives the evacuees during the i-th rescue; t mi is the time it takes for the rescue vehicle to return to the tunnel entrance after picking up the evacuees during the i-th rescue; x is the total number of people who need to be evacuated, p is the ratio of the number of Class A personnel to the total number of people who need to be evacuated, and according to the ratio p, there are 0.2x Class A personnel; b is the total number of evacuation exits in the congested section; a is the passenger capacity of a rescue vehicle; K is the number of rescue vehicles equipped in the tunnel.

[0070] During the first rescue, the number of people at the first evacuation point is just taken away by the rescue vehicle. The time when the rescue vehicle meets the people to be evacuated is:

[0071]

[0072] The time it takes for the rescue vehicle to return to the cave entrance after picking up the evacuees during the first rescue is:

[0073]

[0074] Where, L G is the distance from the management station to the cave entrance, L h is the distance from the fire source to the cave entrance, V r is the walking speed of Class A personnel, V j The speed of the rescue vehicle.

[0075] During the second rescue, the time after the rescue vehicle re-entered the safe passage and met the evacuees farthest from the cave entrance was:

[0076]

[0077] The time it takes for the rescue vehicle to return to the cave entrance after picking up the evacuees during the second rescue is:

[0078] t m2 =t2

[0079] Where: L d The congestion section distance refers to the length of the congestion section for vehicles upstream of the fire after a fire occurs in the tunnel.

[0080] During the third rescue, the rescue vehicle re-enters the safety passage and meets the evacuees farthest from the cave entrance, and then waits for them to board the vehicle. Time:

[0081]

[0082] The time it takes for the rescue vehicle to return to the cave entrance after picking up the evacuees during the third rescue is:

[0083] t m3 =t3

[0084] In summary, when the number of passengers carried by the rescue vehicle at one time is equal to the number of the elderly, the weak, the sick and the disabled at the evacuation point, that is, Time: Evacuation time for Class A crowd:

[0085]

[0086] in,

[0087]

[0088]

[0089] Where: n is the total number of times the rescue vehicle goes back and forth to the safe passage to evacuate personnel, n = b.

[0090] X2. When the number of Class A personnel at each evacuation point is greater or less than the number of passengers that the rescue vehicle can carry at one time, that is, hour:

[0091] Divide all Class A personnel into d according to the total number of vehicle loads, that is d is an integer. If there is a remainder, d is automatically incremented. In the formula, d is the number of times a vehicle encounters a Class A person after entering the safe passage and then gets on the vehicle and leaves the tunnel. The congested section is divided into b+1 sections, y k is the number of times the rescue vehicle encounters a type A person in the kth segment, and rescues aK people each time, t kl The rescue vehicle takes time to transport all the old, weak, sick and disabled people out of the tunnel, rescuing aK people each time, and the rescue vehicle performs a total of d rescues in the congested section.

[0092] In the first rescue in the first section, k = 1, the number of people at the first encounter point is just taken away by the rescue vehicle, and the encounter time between the rescue vehicle and the people to be evacuated is:

[0093]

[0094] The time it takes for the rescue vehicle to return to the cave entrance after picking up the evacuees during the first rescue is:

[0095]

[0096] At the e-th rescue in the k-th segment, k = 1, e is greater than 1 and not greater than y k , each rescue vehicle travel time:

[0097]

[0098] express Remove the remainder and take the integer to get c, if Then y k =c+1;

[0099] The time it takes for the rescue vehicle to return to the cave entrance after picking up the evacuees during the e-th rescue in the k-th section is:

[0100] t mek =t ek

[0101] The total time for the rescue vehicle to evacuate Class A personnel during the k-th rescue is t kl , k=1.

[0102]

[0103] During the first rescue in the second section, k = 2, and the number of people at the first encounter point is just taken away by the rescue vehicle. The encounter time between the rescue vehicle and the people to be evacuated is:

[0104]

[0105] During the first rescue in the second section, the time it takes for the rescue vehicle to return to the cave entrance after picking up the evacuees is:

[0106] t m1k =t 1k

[0107] At the e-th rescue in the second stage, e is greater than 1 and not greater than y k , each rescue vehicle travel time:

[0108]

[0109] like Then y k =c+1; if Then y k =c;

[0110] In the second section, the time it takes for the rescue vehicle to return to the cave entrance after picking up the evacuees during the e-th rescue is:

[0111] t mek =t ek

[0112] The total time for the rescue vehicle to evacuate Class A personnel during the first and second rescue phases is t kl , k=2.

[0113]

[0114] During the first rescue in the kth segment, the number of people at the first encounter point is just taken away by the rescue vehicle. The encounter time between the rescue vehicle and the people to be evacuated is:

[0115]

[0116] The time it takes for the rescue vehicle to return to the cave entrance after picking up the evacuees during the first rescue in the kth segment is:

[0117] t m1k =t 1k

[0118] At the e-th rescue in the k-th segment, e is greater than 1 and not greater than y k , each rescue vehicle travel time:

[0119]

[0120] like Then yk =c+1; if Then y k =c;

[0121] The time it takes for the rescue vehicle to return to the cave entrance after picking up the evacuees during the e-th rescue in the k-th section is:

[0122] t mek =t ek

[0123] The total time for the rescue vehicle to evacuate Class A personnel during the rescue in the 1st to kth sections is t kl .

[0124]

[0125] In summary, when the number of passengers carried by the rescue vehicle at one time is equal to the number of the elderly, the weak, the sick and the disabled at the evacuation point, that is, Time: Evacuation time for Class A crowd:

[0126]

[0127] express Remove the remainder and take the integer to get c, if Then y k =c+1;

[0128]

[0129] tx ek =t ek , k>1

[0130] Evacuation times are:

[0131] T=max(t kl , t c )

[0132]

[0133] like Then y k =c+1; if Then y k

[0134] =c;

[0135] X3. When the number of Class A personnel at each evacuation point is greater or less than the number of passengers that the rescue vehicle can carry at one time, that is, hour:

[0136] Divide all Class A personnel into d according to the total number of vehicle loads, that is d is an integer. If there is a remainder, d is automatically rounded up. In the formula, d is the number of times the vehicle encounters a Class A person after entering the safety passage and leaves the tunnel. The number of times the rescue vehicle encounters a Class A person between two adjacent evacuation exits is y is an integer. If there is a remainder, y will automatically be rounded up. The Class A personnel in the segment are rescued once by the rescue vehicle, k is an integer, if there is a remainder, k is automatically increased by one, and the rescue vehicle goes back and forth for h times in each segment. h is an integer. If there is a remainder, h will automatically go up one place, because h=1, aK people are rescued each time, and the rescue vehicle rescues d times in total in the congested road section.

[0137] During the first rescue, the number of people at the first encounter point is just taken away by the rescue vehicle. The encounter time between the rescue vehicle and the people to be evacuated is:

[0138]

[0139] The time it takes for the rescue vehicle to return to the cave entrance after picking up the evacuees during the first rescue is:

[0140]

[0141] The total time it takes for the rescue vehicle to evacuate Class A personnel during the first rescue is t 1l .

[0142] t 1l =(t 11 +t m11 )

[0143] During the f-th rescue, the number of people at the first encounter point is just taken away by the rescue vehicle. The encounter time between the rescue vehicle and the people to be evacuated is:

[0144]

[0145] In the fth rescue, the time it takes for the rescue vehicle to return to the cave entrance after picking up the evacuees is:

[0146] t m1f =t 1f

[0147] The total time for the rescue vehicle to evacuate Class A personnel during the rescue in sections 1 to f is t fl , f=2.

[0148]

[0149] In summary, when the number of passengers carried by the rescue vehicle at one time is equal to the number of the elderly, the weak, the sick and the disabled at the evacuation point, that is, Time: Evacuation time for Class A crowd:

[0150]

[0151] Evacuation times are:

[0152] T=max(t fl , t c )

[0153]

[0154] Example 1

[0155] The method for assessing the resilience of fire personnel in shield tunnels includes the following steps:

[0156] Step 1: Determine tunnel related parameters

[0157] A shield tunnel is taken as the research object. The tunnel is 8km long, of which the shield section is 7km long. It adopts the layout of a two-way six-lane main line tunnel. The road grade is an urban expressway. The distance between the evacuation openings of the shield section is 200m. There are 11 evacuation openings within 2km, which are named d1, d2, d3, etc. according to the distance from the tunnel opening from far to near. 11 ;like Figure 3 As shown, a safety passage (also called an evacuation passage) is set up in the tunnel. The safety passage is used to enable ground vehicles to directly reach the lower part of the fire area. The evacuation stairwell (also called the working shaft) connects the tunnel's lane layer and the safety passage. The safety passage meets the passage requirements of rescue vehicles. The working shaft in the tunnel is equipped with evacuation stairs for escape. The safety passage can only lead to the tunnel entrance. An emergency management station is set up outside the tunnel entrance.

[0158] Based on the most unfavorable situation, the fire source is located at the midpoint of the tunnel, that is, the fire source is 4km away from the tunnel entrance. The area 2km upstream of the fire source is a congested area, and personnel get off the car and enter the safe passage through the evacuation stairs.

[0159] The emergency management station is equipped with two battery rescue vehicles for evacuation. The average speed of the rescue vehicles is 30km / h. Each vehicle can carry 24 people. The emergency management station is 100m away from the tunnel entrance.

[0160] When a tunnel fire occurs, there are 660 people waiting to be evacuated within the 2km congestion area, including 132 elderly, young, sick and disabled people. The average walking speed of the elderly, young, sick and disabled people is 0.85m / s, and the walking speed of adult men and women is 1.2m / s.

[0161] Step 2: Determine the evacuation options and evacuation target priorities

[0162] Since the people to be evacuated in the tunnel include the elderly, the weak, the sick and the disabled, priority is given to these people to leave the tunnel by rescue vehicles during the evacuation, while those who do not take the vehicles walk to the nearest entrance to leave the tunnel.

[0163] Step 3: Calculate tunnel evacuation time

[0164] First, the number of elderly, weak, sick and disabled people at each evacuation exit is compared with the number of people that the rescue vehicle can carry at one time, and the evacuation time is calculated according to different situations.

[0165] The number of elderly, weak, sick, disabled and other people at each evacuation exit is the ratio of the number of elderly, weak, sick, disabled and other people who need to be evacuated to the total number of evacuation exits in the congested road section. The number of people that a rescue vehicle can carry at one time is the product of the passenger capacity of a single rescue vehicle and the number of rescue vehicles.

[0166] Calculated People, ak=48 people.

[0167] x is the total number of people who need to be evacuated, x=660, 0.2 is the ratio of the Class A crowd to the total number of people who need to be evacuated, b is the total number of evacuation exits in the congested section, the congested area is 2km long, there are 11 evacuation exits within 2km, a is the passenger capacity of a rescue vehicle a=24; K is the number of rescue vehicles equipped in the tunnel K=2. Therefore The number of passengers carried by the rescue vehicle at one time is greater than the number of the elderly, the weak, the sick and the disabled at the evacuation point. Divide all Class A personnel into d according to the total number of vehicle loads, that is, d is an integer. If there is a remainder, d is automatically rounded up to 1, d = 3. The number of times the vehicle encounters a Class A person and gets on the vehicle to leave the tunnel after entering the safety passage is 3. The number of times the rescue vehicle encounters a Class A person and gets on the vehicle between two adjacent evacuation exits is h is an integer. If there is a remainder, h will automatically be rounded up to 1. Therefore, the congested road section is divided into k is an integer. If there is a remainder, k will automatically go up one place. k = 4. The number of times the rescue vehicle encounters a Class A person and gets on the vehicle in a section is h is an integer. If there is a remainder, h will automatically be rounded up. h=1. 48 people will be rescued in each round trip rescue. The rescue vehicle will perform a total of 3 rescue operations in the congested road section.

[0168] First, calculate the time it takes for the rescue vehicle to meet the people to be evacuated when the number of people at the first encounter point is just taken away by the rescue vehicle during the first rescue:

[0169]

[0170] The time it takes for the rescue vehicle to return to the cave entrance after picking up the evacuees during the first rescue is:

[0171]

[0172] The total time it takes for the rescue vehicle to evacuate Class A personnel during the first rescue is t 1l .

[0173] t 1l =(t11 +t m11 )=930s,d=k=1

[0174] During the second rescue, the time when the rescue vehicle meets the people to be evacuated is:

[0175]

[0176] The time it takes for the rescue vehicle to return to the cave entrance after picking up the evacuees during the second rescue is:

[0177] t m12 =t 12 =296.12s

[0178] The total time for the rescue vehicle to evacuate Class A personnel during the first and second rescues is t fl , f = 2

[0179] t fl =t 2l =(t 11 +t m11 +t 12 +t m12 )=930+592.24=1522.24s.

[0180] During the third rescue, the time when the rescue vehicle meets the people to be evacuated is:

[0181]

[0182] The time it takes for the rescue vehicle to return to the cave entrance after picking up the evacuees during the third rescue is:

[0183] t m13 =t 13 =186.46s

[0184] The total time for the rescue vehicle to evacuate Class A personnel during the first to third rescue operations is t fl , f = 3

[0185] t fl =t 3l =(t 11 +t m11 +t 12 +t m12 +t 13 +t m13 )=1895.16s.

[0186] In summary, the rescue vehicle takes t to transport all Category A personnel (the elderly, the weak, the sick and the disabled) out of the tunnel. kl for:

[0187]

[0188] At this time, based on the location of the fire source, the time it takes for all adult men and women to leave the tunnel on foot is calculated to be t c .

[0189]

[0190] Therefore, the evacuation time is

[0191] T=max(t l , t c )=3333.33s

[0192] T is less than 3600s, the actual evacuation time is less than the limit time of the tunnel components, and there is no need to increase the number of rescue vehicles at the management station.

[0193] A shield tunnel fire personnel evacuation resilience rescue assessment system includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the shield tunnel fire personnel evacuation resilience rescue assessment are implemented.

Claims

1. A method for assessing the resilience of personnel rescue during a shield tunnel fire, characterized in that: It is used to evaluate whether the rescue time of the people to be evacuated is not greater than the fire resistance limit time of the tunnel components when the number of rescue vehicles of the emergency management station is K and the passenger capacity of a rescue vehicle is a based on the different structures of the tunnel, the spacing and number of evacuation openings of the shield section, the number of people to be evacuated and the location of the fire source. If it is greater, it outputs suggestions to increase the number of rescue vehicles or the passenger capacity of the rescue vehicles. The tunnel includes a two-way main line tunnel, with a number of evacuation exits arranged at equal distances in the tunnel, and a safety passage in the tunnel. The tunnel safety passage is used to enable ground vehicles to directly reach the lower part of the fire area and connect the tunnel lane layer to meet the passage requirements of rescue vehicles. An emergency management station is set outside the tunnel entrance. The method for assessing the resilience of personnel in a shield tunnel fire comprises the following steps: Step 1: According to the evacuation and rescue facilities and fire source locations of different tunnels, confirm the rescue route from the management station to the safe passage, the distance between the evacuation openings of the shield section, the number of people to be evacuated, the passenger capacity of the rescue vehicle and the driving speed; Step 2. Determine the evacuation route and evacuation target priority; Step 3. Calculate the evacuation time based on tunnel parameters.

2. A shield tunnel fire personnel evacuation resilience rescue assessment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The evacuation route in step 2 is that the rescue vehicle arrives at the main entrance of the tunnel from the emergency management station, and then reaches the evacuated crowd from the main entrance of the tunnel through the safety passage to complete the evacuation. The people in the tunnel are divided into two categories, among which the elderly, the weak, the sick and the disabled are Class A personnel, and the remaining people are Class B personnel. When evacuating the tunnel, Class A personnel are evacuated first.

3. A method for assessing the resilience of personnel in a shield tunnel fire according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the number of passengers carried by the rescue vehicle at one time is equal to the number of the elderly, the weak, the sick and the disabled at the evacuation point, When the rescue vehicle evacuation time in step 3 is calculated as follows: T=max(t l ,t c ) Where: T is the total time required for evacuation, t l is the time it takes for the rescue vehicle to transport all the elderly, weak, sick and disabled people out of the tunnel, tc is the time it takes for other people to leave the tunnel on foot, x is the total number of people who need to be evacuated, p is the ratio of the number of Class A people to the total number of people who need to be evacuated, b is the total number of evacuation exits in the congested section, a is the passenger capacity of a rescue vehicle; K is the number of rescue vehicles equipped for the tunnel; Where: L h V is the distance from the fire source to the cave entrance, rc The average walking speed of group B in, Where: t i is the time when the rescue vehicle receives the evacuees during the i-th rescue; t mi The time it takes for the rescue vehicle to return to the cave entrance after picking up the evacuees; L G is the distance from the management station to the cave entrance; Vj is the speed of the rescue vehicle; Vr is the walking speed of the A-type crowd, n is the total number of times the rescue vehicle goes back and forth to the safe passage to evacuate people, n = b, L d The congestion section distance refers to the length of the congestion section for vehicles upstream of the fire after a fire occurs in the tunnel.

4. The method for assessing the resilience rescue of personnel in a shield tunnel fire according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the number of passengers carried by the rescue vehicle at one time is greater than the number of the elderly, the weak, the sick and the disabled at the evacuation point, When the rescue vehicle evacuation time in step 3 is calculated as follows: T=max(t kl ,t c ) Where: T is the total time required for evacuation, tc is the time it takes for other personnel to leave the tunnel on foot, x is the total number of people who need to be evacuated, p is the ratio of the number of Class A personnel to the total number of people who need to be evacuated, b is the total number of evacuation exits in the congested section, a is the passenger capacity of a rescue vehicle; K is the number of rescue vehicles equipped in the tunnel, the congested section is divided into b+1 sections, y k is the number of times the rescue vehicle encounters a type A person in the kth segment, and rescues aK people each time, t kl Time for rescue vehicles to transport all the old, weak, sick and disabled people out of the tunnel; Where: L h V is the distance from the fire source to the cave entrance, rc The average walking speed of group B in, express Remove the remainder and take the integer to get c, if Then y k =c+1; t mek =t ek ,k>1 like Then y k =c+1; if Then y k =c; In the formula: All Class A personnel are divided equally into d according to the total number of vehicle loads, that is, d is an integer. If there is a remainder, d is automatically increased by one. d is the number of times the vehicle encounters a Class A person in the congested section after entering the safe passage and gets on the vehicle and leaves the tunnel. t ek is the time when the rescue vehicle receives the evacuees during the kth rescue operation; t mek L is the time it takes for the rescue vehicle to return to the cave entrance after picking up the evacuees for the eth time in the kth section; G is the distance from the management station to the cave entrance; Vj is the speed of the rescue vehicle; Vr is the walking speed of the A-type crowd, L d The congestion section distance refers to the length of the congestion section for vehicles upstream of the fire after a fire occurs in the tunnel.

5. The method for assessing the resilience rescue of personnel in a shield tunnel fire according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the number of passengers carried by the rescue vehicle at one time is less than the number of the elderly, the weak, the sick and the disabled at the evacuation point, When the rescue vehicle evacuation time in step 3 is calculated as follows: T=max(t fl ,t c ) Where: T is the total time required for evacuation, t fl is the time it takes for the rescue vehicle to transport all the elderly, weak, sick and disabled people out of the tunnel, tc is the time it takes for other people to leave the tunnel on foot, x is the total number of people who need to be evacuated, p is the ratio of the number of Class A people to the total number of people who need to be evacuated, b is the total number of evacuation exits in the congested section, a is the passenger capacity of a rescue vehicle; K is the number of rescue vehicles equipped for the tunnel; Where: L h V is the distance from the fire source to the cave entrance, rc The average walking speed of group B in, In the formula: All Class A personnel are divided equally into d according to the total number of vehicle loads, that is, d is an integer. If there is a remainder, d will automatically go up one position. d is the number of times the vehicle encounters a type A personnel after entering the safety passage and leaves the tunnel. Each time aK people are rescued, t 1f is the time when the rescue vehicle receives the people to be evacuated during the fth rescue; t m1f L is the time it takes for the rescue vehicle to return to the cave entrance after picking up the evacuees for the fth time; G is the distance from the management station to the cave entrance; Vj is the speed of the rescue vehicle; Vr is the walking speed of the A-type crowd, L d The congestion section distance refers to the length of the congestion section for vehicles upstream of the fire after a fire occurs in the tunnel.

6. A shield tunnel fire personnel evacuation resilience rescue assessment system, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 are implemented.

Images