Crop rotation method for preventing and treating clubroot of organic cruciferous vegetables

Abstract

The invention provides a crop rotation method for preventing and treating clubroot of organic brassicaceous vegetables, and belongs to the technical field of clubroot prevention and treatment. According to the method for preventing and treating the clubroot of the organic cruciferous vegetables, provided by the invention, the non-cruciferous vegetables and the cruciferous vegetables are subjected to crop rotation; the brassicaceous vegetables are Shanghai green or milk Chinese cabbages; the non-cruciferous vegetables are selected from at least one of asparagus lettuce, onion, coriander, summer squash and garlic; the crop rotation mode is selected from any one of the following modes: non-cruciferous vegetables and cruciferous vegetables; the other kind of non-cruciferous vegetables is selected from the group consisting of the cruciferous vegetables and the non-cruciferous vegetables; one kind of non-cruciferous vegetables, the other kind of non-cruciferous vegetables, the other kind of cruciferous vegetables and the other kind of cruciferous vegetables. According to the method, the cruciferous vegetables and the non-cruciferous vegetables are subjected to organic crop rotation, the process is simple and efficient, the clubroot of the cruciferous vegetables is reduced, the yield of the organic cruciferous vegetables is increased, and the quality of the organic cruciferous vegetables is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of clubroot prevention and treatment, and in particular relates to a crop rotation method for preventing and treating clubroot in organic cruciferous vegetables. Background Art

[0002] Clubroot of cruciferous crops is a devastating soil-borne disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, which causes serious economic losses to cruciferous vegetables. The degree of damage is getting worse year by year, and clubroot has become one of the main diseases restricting the production of cruciferous crops. Clubroot pathogens have strong vitality (its dormant spores can survive in the soil for 20 years and still maintain infection ability), high infection efficiency (extremely low pathogen spore concentrations in the soil can cause cruciferous crops to become sick), and diverse transmission pathways (can spread with running water, agricultural operations, etc.), resulting in the widespread spread of the disease source, complex population structure, and high difficulty in prevention and control. Traditional methods for clubroot prevention and control mainly rely on chemical control, disease-resistant variety breeding, and cultivation measures. Although some results have been achieved in reducing the occurrence of clubroot, there are also many disadvantages. For example, disease-resistant varieties developed in clubroot epidemic areas have the risk of losing resistance if they are planted continuously for more than 3 years.

[0003] Organic vegetables refer to vegetables that are grown in strict accordance with organic production procedures during the vegetable production process, and are prohibited from using any chemically synthesized pesticides, fertilizers, growth regulators and other chemical substances, as well as genetically engineered organisms and their products, but follow the laws of nature and ecological principles to obtain vegetable products. With people's increasing requirements for food safety, organic vegetables that are pollution-free and free of fertilizer and pesticide residues are favored by more and more consumers. However, for cruciferous vegetables, even if chemical reagents are used for prevention and treatment, the purpose of effectively preventing and controlling clubroot disease cannot be achieved, or after using a variety of chemical reagents, even if clubroot disease can be prevented and treated within a period of time, since chemical reagents cannot disappear in the soil in a short period of time, they will threaten soil fertility, causing an imbalance of soil nutrients and failing to meet organic standards. Therefore, in the process of organic vegetable cultivation, the prevention and control of clubroot disease has become a major problem that restricts its development. In other words, how to ensure the quality and yield of organic vegetables and effectively prevent and treat clubroot disease during the cultivation of organic cruciferous vegetables is very difficult and is a major problem that needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing and controlling clubroot of organic cruciferous vegetables, which can effectively prevent and control clubroot of cruciferous crops during the process of organic vegetable cultivation, and the organic cruciferous vegetables cultivated according to the prevention and control method of the present invention have higher quality.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling clubroot of organic cruciferous vegetables, wherein non-cruciferous vegetables are rotated with cruciferous vegetables; the cruciferous vegetables are bok choy or Chinese cabbage; the non-cruciferous vegetables are selected from at least one of lettuce, onion, coriander, zucchini and garlic; and the rotation method is selected from any one of the following:

[0007] Non-cruciferous vegetables → cruciferous vegetables;

[0008] Non-cruciferous vegetable → another non-cruciferous vegetable → a cruciferous vegetable;

[0009] Non-cruciferous vegetable → cruciferous vegetable → another non-cruciferous vegetable → cruciferous vegetable.

[0010] Preferably, the planting of non-cruciferous vegetables or cruciferous vegetables includes the steps of raising seedlings, transplanting or direct seeding, fertilizing and land preparation, field management and pest and disease control.

[0011] Preferably, the seedling raising in the seedling raising and transplanting comprises the following steps: soaking the seeds in a dilution of Bacillus subtilis and sowing them into a seedling raising tray; the dilution of Bacillus subtilis is obtained by diluting Bacillus subtilis 100 times, and the weight ratio of Bacillus subtilis to seeds is 10g:1kg.

[0012] Preferably, the matrix in the seedling tray is composed of a feces composition and a biological microbial agent composition; the feces composition is composed of equal volumes of chicken manure, cow manure, sheep manure and fine soil; the biological microbial agent composition is composed of Beauveria bassiana and Bacillus subtilis in a weight ratio of 1:2.

[0013] Preferably, the volume-to-weight ratio of the feces composition to the biological agent composition is 1 m 3 :0.5kg~1kg.

[0014] Preferably, the fertilizer used in the fertilization and land preparation includes organic fertilizer and / or Beauveria bassiana, the organic fertilizer is composed of chicken manure, cow manure and sheep manure of equal weight; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 1000kg to 2500kg per mu; the application amount of the Beauveria bassiana is 3kg to 4kg per mu.

[0015] Preferably, the spacing between rows and plants for seedling raising and transplanting is 3 to 20 cm, and the seedling planting depth is 1 to 3 cm.

[0016] Preferably, the row spacing of direct seeding is 10 to 20 cm, and the sowing depth is 1 to 3 cm.

[0017] Preferably, the fertilizer used for topdressing in the field management consists of chicken manure, sheep manure and water in a weight ratio of 1:1:8.

[0018] Preferably, the method for disease and pest control is hanging traps, inserting yellow-blue boards in the field and spraying biological agents; the biological agents are composed of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and matrine in a weight ratio of 1:2:1 or matrine, rotenone and pyrethrin in a weight ratio of 1:2:1; the spraying amount of the biological agent is 1 kg per mu.

[0019] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0020] The method for preventing and controlling clubroot of organic cruciferous vegetables provided by the present invention is simple and efficient in process, and can effectively reduce the transmission pathway of cruciferous vegetable diseases, thereby not only reducing the occurrence of clubroot of cruciferous vegetables, but also improving the yield and quality of organic cruciferous vegetables. The technical scheme of the present invention can also be used for preventing and controlling clubroot of cruciferous vegetables in non-organic planting systems, and can achieve prevention and control of clubroot by rotating with non-cruciferous vegetables, thereby hopefully reducing the application amount of chemical agents and being beneficial to the sustainable development of the environment.

[0021] The fertilizers and pest control products used in the organic planting process of the present invention all comply with the standard of "GB / T19630-2019 Requirements for Organic Product Production, Processing, Labeling and Management System", and the entire agricultural cultivation process is green, organic, and safe to eat. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling clubroot of organic cruciferous vegetables, wherein non-cruciferous vegetables are rotated with cruciferous vegetables; the cruciferous vegetables are bok choy or Chinese cabbage; the non-cruciferous vegetables are selected from at least one of lettuce, onion, coriander, zucchini and garlic; and the rotation method is selected from any one of the following:

[0023] Non-cruciferous vegetables → cruciferous vegetables;

[0024] Non-cruciferous vegetable → another non-cruciferous vegetable → a cruciferous vegetable;

[0025] Non-cruciferous vegetable → cruciferous vegetable → another non-cruciferous vegetable → cruciferous vegetable.

[0026] In the present invention, when crop rotation is performed, the preferred arrangement of crop rotation is: non-cruciferous vegetables are selected for sowing in a suitable sowing period, and cruciferous vegetables are planted after the entire growth cycle is completed and harvested. In the northern region, the suitable sowing period for organic lettuce is September, and the harvest is in April of the following year; the suitable sowing period for organic onions is from September to November; the suitable sowing period for organic coriander is from March to April and from August to September; the suitable sowing period for organic zucchini is from March to May and from August to October; the suitable sowing period for organic garlic is from September to November; in the southern region, organic lettuce, organic coriander, organic zucchini, and organic onions can be planted all year round.

[0027] In the present invention, when selecting cruciferous vegetables, preferably select cruciferous vegetable varieties with good winter resistance and bolting resistance, strong adaptability, good commerciality and delicious meat. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, when the cruciferous vegetables are white cabbage, preferably include dwarf white cabbage; when the cruciferous vegetables are Shanghai green, preferably include dwarf anti-green, Meidi Qinggengcai, New Green No. 1, and New Green No. 3. In the present invention, when selecting non-cruciferous vegetables, preferably select high-yield, high-quality, and disease-resistant non-cruciferous vegetable varieties. When selecting lettuce, preferably include heat-resistant white leaf tips; when selecting onions, preferably include purple skin onions; when selecting coriander, preferably include iron coriander; when selecting zucchini, preferably include green skin zucchini; when selecting garlic, preferably include cattail.

[0028] In the present invention, when planting non-cruciferous vegetables or cruciferous vegetables, it is preferred to include seedling transplanting or direct seeding, fertilizing and land preparation, field management and pest and disease control steps. The seedling raising in the seedling raising and transplanting preferably includes the following steps: soaking the seeds with a dilution of Bacillus subtilis and sowing them in a seedling tray; the dilution of Bacillus subtilis is preferably obtained by diluting Bacillus subtilis 100 times, and the weight ratio of Bacillus subtilis to seeds is preferably 10g:1kg. In the present invention, the matrix in the seedling tray is preferably composed of a feces composition and a biological microbial agent composition; the feces composition is preferably composed of equal volumes of chicken manure, cow manure, sheep manure and fine soil; the chicken manure, cow manure and sheep manure are preferably fully decomposed chicken manure, cow manure and sheep manure; the fine soil refers to soil with a particle size of less than 0.075mm; the biological microbial agent composition is preferably composed of Beauveria bassiana and Bacillus subtilis in a weight ratio of 1:2. The present invention has no particular limitation on the specific sources of Beauveria bassiana and Bacillus subtilis, and any conventional commercially available products in the art may be used. In the present invention, the volume-to-weight ratio of the feces composition to the biological bacterial agent composition is preferably 1 m 3 :0.5kg~1kg, more preferably 1m 3 : 0.6kg~0.8kg. In the present invention, before raising seedlings, it is preferred to rinse the seedling tray with potassium permanganate solution.

[0029] In the present invention, when direct seeding is adopted, before sowing, the seeds are preferably soaked in a dilution of Bacillus subtilis; the dilution of Bacillus subtilis is preferably obtained by diluting Bacillus subtilis 100 times, and the weight ratio of Bacillus subtilis to seeds is preferably 10g:1kg.

[0030] In the present invention, the fertilizer used in the fertilization and land preparation preferably includes organic fertilizer and / or Beauveria bassiana, the organic fertilizer is composed of chicken manure, cow manure and sheep manure of equal weight; the chicken manure, cow manure and sheep manure are preferably decomposed chicken manure, cow manure and sheep manure; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is preferably 1000kg to 2500kg per mu, more preferably 1500kg to 2000kg per mu; the application amount of the Beauveria bassiana is preferably 3kg to 4kg per mu, more preferably 3.2kg to 3.8kg. The present invention has no special restrictions on the specific source of Beauveria bassiana, and conventional commercial products in the field can be used.

[0031] In the present invention, the plant spacing of the seedling transplanting is preferably 3 to 20 cm, more preferably 5 to 15 cm, and the seedling planting depth of the seedling transplanting is preferably 1 to 3 cm, more preferably 1.5 to 2.5 cm. In the present invention, the row spacing of the direct seeding is preferably 10 to 20 cm, more preferably 12 to 18 cm, and the sowing depth is preferably 1 to 3 cm, more preferably 1.5 to 2.5 cm.

[0032] In the present invention, the fertilizer used for topdressing in the field management is preferably composed of chicken manure, sheep manure and water in a weight ratio of 1:1:8, and the chicken manure and sheep manure are preferably decomposed chicken manure and sheep manure. In the present invention, sprinkler irrigation is selected as much as possible during field management, and the sprinkler irrigation frequency is determined according to the needs of cruciferous vegetables and non-cruciferous vegetables in different growth stages and different weather conditions, and topdressing is performed by integrating water and fertilizer.

[0033] In the present invention, the pest control preferably adopts a combination of physical control and biological control, preferably hanging traps, inserting yellow-blue boards in the field and spraying biological agents; the biological agents are preferably composed of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and matrine, or composed of matrine, rotenone and pyrethrins, the weight ratio of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and matrine is 1:2:1, and the weight ratio of matrine, rotenone and pyrethrins is 1:2:1; the spraying amount of the biological agent is preferably 1 kg per mu.

[0034] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0035] In the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, all of them are conventional methods.

[0036] Unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents used in the following examples can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] A method for preventing and controlling clubroot of organic cruciferous vegetables (crop rotation of lettuce and Chinese cabbage), comprising the following steps:

[0039] (1) Organic lettuce cultivation

[0040] ① Cultivate strong seedlings: In early March, select the high-yield, high-quality, disease-resistant lettuce variety, heat-resistant white leaf tip, use 10g of Bacillus subtilis per kg of seeds, dilute 100 times at room temperature and soak the seeds; use 0.15% potassium permanganate solution for sterilization in the seedling tray, fill it with a finished matrix that meets the organic production standards, the finished matrix is ​​a feces composition, the feces composition is a mixture of decomposed chicken manure, cow manure, sheep manure and fine soil in a volume ratio of 1:1:1:1, and add a biological microbial agent composition to the finished matrix, the biological microbial agent composition is a mixture of Beauveria bassiana and Bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 1:2, and 1kg of biological microbial agent is used per cubic meter of finished matrix. 3 lettuce seeds are placed in each hole, and the seedlings are thinned once when the cotyledons are flat and 1-2 true leaves are formed. They can be transplanted after growing in the seedling tray for 30 days.

[0041] ② Fertilization, land preparation and transplanting: Transplant the lettuce seedlings in early April. Before transplanting, till the land to a depth of 20 cm to break up the lumpy soil. Apply 1000 kg of harmlessly treated and fully decomposed sheep manure, chicken manure and cow manure combination per mu. The mass ratio of fully decomposed sheep manure, chicken manure and cow manure is 1:1:1. After fertilization, plow the land again and prepare the soil moisture; the row spacing is 20 cm.

[0042] ③Field management: After the stems and leaves enter the rosette stage, continue to apply topdressing, applying 1000kg of fertilizer per mu, which is composed of chicken manure, sheep manure and water in a weight ratio of 1:1:8; after the plants are closed, the growth of the stems accelerates and the amount of fertilizer required is large, so apply the second topdressing again, with a total of 2000kg / mu of fertilizer.

[0043] ④ Pest and disease control: Use a combination of physical and biological control. Hang traps and insert yellow and blue boards in the field; spray 1 kg of biological preparation consisting of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and matrine in a mass ratio of 1:2:1 per mu.

[0044] ⑤Harvest: In early November, manual harvesting is adopted. Bags are put into harvesting baskets. After putting the vegetables, they are covered with insulation cloth and temporarily stored outside the greenhouse. The temperature should not exceed 30℃, and the leaves should be kept as dry as possible.

[0045] (2) Cultivation of organic cabbage

[0046] ① Variety selection: Choose the dwarf milk cabbage variety with good winter resistance and bolting resistance, strong adaptability, good commercial quality and delicious meat.

[0047] ②Seed treatment: Before seedling cultivation, use 10g of Bacillus subtilis per kg of seeds, dilute 100 times at room temperature and then soak the seeds.

[0048] ③ Seedling cultivation: Cultivate the seedlings of Chinese cabbage in advance 10 days before the previous crop is harvested. Before seedling cultivation, rinse the used seedling tray with 0.15% potassium permanganate solution. Fill the seedling tray with a finished substrate that meets the organic production standards. The finished substrate is a feces composition, which is a mixture of decomposed chicken manure, cow manure, sheep manure and fine soil in a volume ratio of 1:1:1:1, and add a biological microbial agent composition to the finished substrate. The biological microbial agent composition is a mixture of Beauveria bassiana and Bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 1:2. 0.5kg of biological microbial agent is used per cubic meter of finished substrate. The treated seeds are sown in the seedling tray using a seeder, with 2 seeds sown in each hole at a depth of 1cm. They can be transplanted after growing in the seedling tray for 30 days.

[0049] ④ Land preparation and application of basal fertilizer: Before transplanting, the land is tilled to a depth of 20 cm to break up the lumped soil. 1500 kg of a harmlessly treated and fully decomposed combination of sheep manure, chicken manure and cow manure is applied per mu. The mass ratio of fully decomposed sheep manure, chicken manure and cow manure is 1:1:1. At the same time, 3 kg of Beauveria bassiana is applied per mu. After fertilization, the land is plowed again and the soil is prepared.

[0050] ⑤ Transplantation: After the previous crop is harvested, the cabbage is transplanted. The spacing between seedlings is 5cm and the planting depth is 2cm.

[0051] ⑥Field management: Choose sprinkler irrigation, and apply topdressing through integrated water-fertilizer method. Use fully decomposed chicken manure, sheep manure and water as fertilizer (the mass ratio of fully decomposed chicken manure, sheep manure and water is 1:1:8). Spray once in the morning and evening every 3 days.

[0052] ⑦ Pest and disease control: adopt a combination of physical control and biological control. Hang traps and insert yellow and blue boards in the field; spray 1kg of biological preparations composed of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and matrine per mu, with the mass ratio of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and matrine being 1:2:1.

[0053] ⑧Harvest: During the harvest period, manual harvesting is adopted. Bags are put into the harvesting baskets. After the vegetables are put in, they are covered with insulation cloth and temporarily stored outside the greenhouse. The temperature should not exceed 30℃, and the leaves should be kept as dry as possible.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] A method for preventing and controlling clubroot of organic cruciferous vegetables (onion and Chinese cabbage rotation), comprising the following steps:

[0056] (1) Organic onion cultivation

[0057] ① Cultivate strong seedlings: In late September, select purple onion, an onion variety with high yield, high quality and disease resistance. The remaining steps are the same as ① in step (1) of Example 1.

[0058] ② Land preparation, fertilization and transplanting: Transplant in early October. Before transplanting, the land should be tilled to a depth of 20 cm to break up the lumpy soil. 1500 kg of harmlessly treated and fully decomposed sheep manure, chicken manure and cow manure combination should be applied per mu. The mass ratio of fully decomposed sheep manure, chicken manure and cow manure should be 1:1:1. At the same time, 4 kg of Beauveria bassiana should be applied per mu. After fertilization, the land should be tilled again and the soil should be leveled. The row spacing should be 10 cm.

[0059] ③Field management: Choose sprinkler irrigation, and apply topdressing through integrated water-fertilizer method. Use organic fertilizer composed of fully decomposed chicken manure, sheep manure and water. The mass ratio of fully decomposed chicken manure, sheep manure and water is 1:1:8. Spray once in the morning and evening every 10 days.

[0060] ④ Pest and disease control: same as ④ in step (1) of Example 1.

[0061] ⑤Harvest: In late December, the fruits are harvested manually, with bags placed in the harvesting baskets. After harvesting, they are covered with insulation cloth and temporarily stored outside the greenhouse.

[0062] (2) Cultivation of organic cabbage

[0063] ① Variety selection: Choose the dwarf milk cabbage variety with good winter resistance and bolting resistance, strong adaptability, good commercial quality and delicious meat.

[0064] ②Seed treatment: Same as ② in step (2) of Example 1.

[0065] ③ Land preparation and application of basal fertilizer: Before direct seeding, the land is tilled to a depth of 20 cm to break up the lumped soil. 2000 kg of a harmlessly treated and fully decomposed combination of sheep manure, chicken manure and cow manure is applied per mu. The mass ratio of fully decomposed sheep manure, chicken manure and cow manure is 1:1:1. At the same time, 4 kg of Beauveria bassiana is applied per mu. After fertilization, the land is plowed again and the soil is prepared.

[0066] ④ Direct seeding: After the previous crop is harvested, direct seeding of milk cabbage is carried out. The row spacing of seedlings is 15cm and the sowing depth is 3cm.

[0067] 5. Field management: same as in step (2) of Example 1.

[0068] ⑥ Pest and disease control: same as ⑦ in step (2) of Example 1.

[0069] ⑦ Harvest: Same as ⑧ in step (2) of Example 1.

[0070] Example 3

[0071] A method for preventing and controlling clubroot of organic cruciferous vegetables (coriander→scallion→onion→scallion rotation), comprising the following steps:

[0072] (1) Organic coriander cultivation

[0073] ① Cultivate strong seedlings: In mid-December, select high-yield, high-quality, disease-resistant coriander variety, iron coriander, and the seedling cultivation method is the same as ① in step (1) of Example 1.

[0074] ② Land preparation, fertilization and transplanting: Before transplanting, the land was tilled to a depth of 20 cm to crush the lumpy soil. 1500 kg of harmlessly treated and fully decomposed sheep manure, chicken manure and cow manure were applied per mu. The mass ratio of fully decomposed sheep manure, chicken manure and cow manure was 1:1:1. At the same time, 3 kg of Beauveria bassiana was applied per mu. After fertilization, the land was tilled again and the soil was prepared. In mid-January, the coriander seedlings were transplanted with a row spacing of 15 cm.

[0075] ③Field management: Choose sprinkler irrigation, and apply topdressing through integrated water and fertilizer. The fertilizer should be organic fertilizer composed of fully decomposed chicken manure, sheep manure and water. The mass ratio of fully decomposed chicken manure, sheep manure and water is 1:1:8. Spray once in the morning and evening every 5 days.

[0076] ④ Pest and disease control: same as ④ in step (1) of Example 1.

[0077] ⑤Harvest: In late February, the fruits are harvested manually, with bags placed in harvest baskets. After harvesting, they are covered with insulation cloth and temporarily stored outside the greenhouse.

[0078] (2) Shanghai Green Cultivation

[0079] ① Variety selection: Choose the Shanghai green variety of Meidi Qinggengcai, which has good winter resistance and bolting resistance, strong adaptability, good commercial quality, and delicious meat.

[0080] ②Seed treatment: Same as ② in step (2) of Example 1.

[0081] ③ Seedling cultivation: same as ③ in step (2) of Example 1.

[0082] ④ Land preparation and application of basal fertilizer: Before planting, the land is tilled to a depth of 20 cm to break up the lumped soil. 2500 kg of a combination of harmlessly treated and fully decomposed sheep manure, chicken manure and cow manure is applied per mu. The mass ratio of fully decomposed sheep manure, chicken manure and cow manure is 1:1:1. At the same time, 3 kg of Beauveria bassiana is applied per mu. After fertilization, the land is plowed again and the soil is prepared.

[0083] ⑤ Transplantation: After the previous crop is harvested, Shanghai green is transplanted. The spacing between seedlings is 3cm and the planting depth is 1cm.

[0084] ⑥ Field management: same as ⑥ in step (2) of Example 1.

[0085] 7. Pest and disease control: Same as 7 in step (2) of Example 1.

[0086] ⑧Harvest: In mid-April, harvest manually by putting vegetables in bags in harvesting baskets, cover with insulation cloth and temporarily store outside the greenhouse. The temperature should not exceed 30℃, and keep the leaves as dry as possible.

[0087] (3) Organic onion cultivation

[0088] ① Cultivate strong seedlings: In mid-March, select the high-yield, high-quality, disease-resistant coriander variety purple onion, and the remaining steps are the same as ① in step (1) of Example 1.

[0089] ② Land preparation, fertilization and transplanting: Before transplanting, the land is tilled to a depth of 20 cm to break up the lumpy soil. 1500 kg of a harmlessly treated and fully decomposed combination of sheep manure, chicken manure and cow manure is applied per mu, with the mass ratio of fully decomposed sheep manure, chicken manure and cow manure being 1:1:1. At the same time, 3 kg of Beauveria bassiana is applied per mu. After fertilization, the land is plowed again and the soil is leveled.

[0090] ③ Field management: same as ③ in step (1) of Example 2.

[0091] ④ Pest and disease control: same as ④ in step (1) of Example 2.

[0092] ⑤Harvest: In mid-May, the fruits are harvested manually, with bags placed in harvest baskets. After harvesting, they are covered with insulation cloth and temporarily stored outside the greenhouse.

[0093] (4) Shanghai Green Cultivation

[0094] ① Variety selection: same as ① in step (2) of this embodiment.

[0095] ②Seed treatment: same as ② in step (2) of this embodiment.

[0096] ③ Cultivate Shanghai green seedlings in advance 10 days before the previous crop is harvested, in early May. The method of cultivating seedlings is the same as step (2) in this embodiment, except that 0.5 kg of biological agent is used per cubic meter of substrate, and the rest is the same as step (2) in this embodiment.

[0097] ④ Land preparation and basal fertilizer application: same as ④ in step (2) of this embodiment.

[0098] ⑤ Transplantation: After the previous crop is harvested, Shanghai green is transplanted in late May. The seedling spacing is 3cm and the planting depth is 1cm.

[0099] ⑥ Field management: same as ⑥ in step (2) of this embodiment.

[0100] ⑦ Pest and disease control: Use a combination of physical and biological control. Hang traps and insert yellow and blue boards in the field; spray a biological agent consisting of matrine, rotenone and pyrethrin in a mass ratio of 1:2:1, with 1 kg applied per mu.

[0101] ⑧Harvest: At the end of June, manual harvesting is adopted. Bags are put into harvesting baskets. After putting the vegetables, they are covered with insulation cloth and temporarily stored outside the greenhouse. The temperature should not exceed 30℃, and the leaves should be kept as dry as possible.

[0102] Example 4

[0103] A method for preventing and controlling clubroot of organic cruciferous vegetables (coriander→onion→bokke rotation), comprising the following steps:

[0104] (1) Organic coriander cultivation: The specific cultivation method is the same as step (1) of Example 3.

[0105] (2) Organic onion cultivation: The specific cultivation method is the same as step (3) of Example 3.

[0106] (3) Cultivation of Shanghai Green; the specific cultivation method is the same as step (2) of Example 3.

[0107] In view of the change in the crop rotation sequence, the cultivation time and harvesting time of steps (2) and (3) in this embodiment are different from those of steps (3) and (2) in Example 3, and the rest are the same as steps (3) and (2) in Example 3.

[0108] Example 5

[0109] A method for preventing and controlling clubroot of organic cruciferous vegetables (garlic and Chinese cabbage rotation), comprising the following steps:

[0110] (1) Cultivation of organic garlic

[0111] ① Cultivating strong seedlings: In late September, select high-yield, high-quality, disease-resistant garlic, and the remaining steps are the same as ① in step (1) of Example 1.

[0112] ② Land preparation, fertilization and transplanting: same as ② in step (1) of Example 2.

[0113] ③ Field management and ④ Pest and disease control are the same as ③ and ④ in step (1) of Example 1, respectively.

[0114] ⑤Harvest: In mid-November, harvest manually by putting vegetables in bags in harvesting baskets, cover with insulation cloth and temporarily store outside the greenhouse. The temperature should not exceed 30℃, and try to keep the leaves dry.

[0115] (2) Cultivation of organic milk cabbage: The specific cultivation method is the same as step (2) of Example 1.

[0116] Example 6

[0117] A method for preventing and controlling clubroot of organic cruciferous vegetables (crop rotation of zucchini and Chinese cabbage), comprising the following steps:

[0118] (1) Cultivation of organic zucchini: The specific cultivation method is the same as step (1) of Example 2.

[0119] (2) Cultivation of organic milk cabbage: The specific cultivation method is the same as step (2) of Example 1.

[0120] Comparative Example 1

[0121] An organic cabbage continuous cropping method, the planting mode is: the same plot of land is continuously planted with two rounds of cabbage throughout the year, after the previous crop of cabbage is harvested, the land is prepared for 3 days, and then the cabbage is planted again, and the specific method is:

[0122] (1) The first round of cabbage planting

[0123] ① Variety selection: Choose the dwarf milk cabbage variety with good winter resistance and bolting resistance, strong adaptability, good commercial quality and delicious meat.

[0124] ②Seed treatment: Same as step (2) ② in Example 1.

[0125] ③ Seedling cultivation: Cultivate the Chinese cabbage seedlings in advance. The seedling cultivation method is the same as step (2) of Example 1.

[0126] ④ Land preparation and basal fertilizer application: same as step (2) ④ of Example 1.

[0127] ⑤Transplantation: Transplant the Chinese cabbage with a spacing of 5cm between seedlings and a planting depth of 2cm.

[0128] ⑥ Field management: same as ⑥ of step (2) of Example 1.

[0129] 7. Pest and disease control: Same as 7 in step (2) of Example 1.

[0130] ⑧Harvest: Harvest manually, put the vegetables in a bag in the harvesting basket, cover with insulation cloth and store temporarily outside the greenhouse. The temperature should not exceed 30℃, and try to keep the leaves dry.

[0131] (2) The second round of planting of Chinese cabbage: The specific planting method is the same as step (1) in this comparative example.

[0132] Comparative Example 2

[0133] An organic continuous cropping method of Shanghai green, the planting pattern is: the same plot of land is planted with two rounds of Shanghai green continuously throughout the year, after the previous crop of Shanghai green is harvested, the land is prepared for 3 days and then Shanghai green is planted again, the specific method is:

[0134] (1) The first round of bok choy planting: the specific variety selection and planting method are the same as step (2) of Example 3.

[0135] (2) Second round of bok choy planting: The specific variety selection and planting method are the same as step (2) of Example 3.

[0136] Comparative Example 3

[0137] A method for crop rotation of lettuce and Chinese cabbage comprises the following steps:

[0138] (1) Cultivation of organic lettuce: The specific cultivation method is the same as step (1) of Example 2, except that the start time of cultivating strong seedlings, the transplanting time and the harvesting time are different from step (1) of Example 2. The cultivation time of organic lettuce is early March, the transplanting time is early April, and the harvesting time is the maturity time of the lettuce.

[0139] (2) Cultivation of organic milk cabbage: The specific cultivation method is the same as step (2) of Example 2.

[0140] Comparative Example 4

[0141] The difference from Example 1 is that the fertilizer composition in step (1) ② is adjusted to human urine and feces, and the fertilizer in step (2) ④ is changed to human urine and feces. The rest is the same as Example 1.

[0142] Comparative Example 5

[0143] The difference from Example 1 is that the fertilizer in step (1) ③ is changed to chicken manure, sheep manure and water in a weight ratio of 2:1:7, and the fertilizer in step (2) ⑥ is changed to chicken manure, sheep manure and water in a weight ratio of 2:1:7, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0144] Comparative Example 6

[0145] The difference from Example 1 is that the composition of the biological agent in step (1) is modified to beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae, and matrine in a mass ratio of 2:2:1, and the composition of the biological agent in step (2) is modified to beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae, and matrine in a mass ratio of 2:2:1. The rest is the same as Example 1.

[0146] Test Example 1

[0147] After the planting methods of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 are completed, the clubroot disease index of cruciferous vegetables (Shanghai green or milk cabbage) planted in different embodiments and comparative examples is counted. The clubroot disease index is calculated with reference to the "NY / T3857-2021 Technical Specification for Identification of Clubroot Resistance of Cruciferous Vegetables". After harvesting the cruciferous vegetables of different embodiments and comparative examples, the number of leaves, plant height, stem thickness and single plant weight are counted, and the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0148] Table 1 Data on disease index and growth index of Chinese cabbage clubroot after crop rotation

[0149]

[0150]

[0151] Table 2 Disease index and growth index data of Shanghai green root root disease after crop rotation

[0152]

[0153] As shown in Table 1 and Table 2, compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the cruciferous vegetables and non-cruciferous vegetables rotation mode can significantly reduce the cruciferous vegetables clubroot disease index. In addition, the specific types of non-cruciferous vegetables rotated with cruciferous vegetables will also directly affect the prevention and control effect of clubroot. In addition to the selection of the types of rotated vegetables, the types and ratios of fertilizers, biological agents, etc. in the entire cultivation method will directly affect the prevention and control effect of clubroot and the growth indicators of cruciferous vegetables.

[0154] After the planting methods of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 were completed, the cruciferous vegetables of different Examples and Comparative Examples were harvested, and the soluble sugar, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase contents of the cruciferous vegetables obtained in different Examples and Comparative Examples were respectively determined, wherein the determination method of soluble sugar was "NY / T 1278-2007 Determination of soluble sugar in vegetables and their products - copper reduction iodine method", the determination method of malondialdehyde was thiobarbituric acid (TBA) colorimetric method, and the determination method of superoxide dismutase was tetranitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction method. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0155] Table 3 Data on soluble sugar content, malondialdehyde and enzyme activity of Chinese cabbage after crop rotation

[0156]

[0157] Table 4 Data on soluble sugar content, malondialdehyde and enzyme activity of Shanghai green after crop rotation

[0158]

[0159]

[0160] As shown in Table 3 and Table 4, compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the soluble sugar content of cruciferous vegetables increased significantly, and the malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase contents were significantly reduced by using the rotation mode of cruciferous vegetables and non-cruciferous vegetables. It can be seen that the control method provided by the present invention can improve the sweetness of cruciferous vegetables and increase the flavor; the activity of defense enzymes is reduced, indicating that the rotation reduces the degree of stress of crops. In addition, it can be seen from Tables 3 and 4 that the specific types of non-cruciferous vegetables rotated with cruciferous vegetables will also directly affect the soluble sugar content and malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase content of cruciferous vegetables. In addition to the selection of the types of rotated vegetables, the types of fertilizers, biological preparations, etc. and the selection of proportions in the entire cultivation method will directly affect the soluble sugar content and malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase content of cruciferous vegetables.

[0161] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and treating clubroot of organic cruciferous vegetables, characterized in that: Non-cruciferous vegetables are rotated with cruciferous vegetables; the cruciferous vegetables are bok choy or Chinese cabbage; the non-cruciferous vegetables are selected from at least one of lettuce, onion, coriander, zucchini and garlic; the rotation method is selected from any one of the following: Non-cruciferous vegetables → cruciferous vegetables; Non-cruciferous vegetable → another non-cruciferous vegetable → a cruciferous vegetable; Non-cruciferous vegetable → cruciferous vegetable → another non-cruciferous vegetable → cruciferous vegetable.

2. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When planting non-cruciferous vegetables or cruciferous vegetables, the steps include seedling transplanting or direct sowing, fertilization and land preparation, field management and pest and disease control.

3. The control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The seedling raising in the seedling raising and transplanting comprises the following steps: soaking the seeds in a dilution of Bacillus subtilis and then sowing them in a seedling raising tray; the dilution of Bacillus subtilis is obtained by diluting Bacillus subtilis 100 times, and the weight ratio of Bacillus subtilis to seeds is 10g:1kg.

4. The control method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The matrix in the seedling tray is composed of a feces composition and a biological microbial agent composition; the feces composition is composed of equal volumes of chicken manure, cow manure, sheep manure and fine soil; the biological microbial agent composition is composed of Beauveria bassiana and Bacillus subtilis in a weight ratio of 1:

2.

5. The control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The volume-to-weight ratio of the feces composition and the biological bacterial agent composition is 1 m 3 :0.5kg~1kg.

6. The control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fertilizer used in the fertilization and land preparation includes organic fertilizer and / or Beauveria bassiana. The organic fertilizer is composed of chicken manure, cow manure and sheep manure of equal weight. The application amount of the organic fertilizer is 1000kg-2500kg per mu; the application amount of the Beauveria bassiana is 3kg-4kg per mu.

7. The control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spacing between rows and plants during seedling raising and transplanting is 3 to 20 cm, and the seedling planting depth is 1 to 3 cm.

8. The control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The row spacing of the direct seeding is 10 to 20 cm, and the sowing depth is 1 to 3 cm.

9. The control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fertilizer used for top dressing in the field management consists of chicken manure, sheep manure and water in a weight ratio of 1:1:

8.

10. The control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method for disease and insect pest control is to hang traps, insert yellow-blue boards in the field and spray biological agents; the biological agents are composed of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and matrine in a weight ratio of 1:2:1 or matrine, rotenone and pyrethrin in a weight ratio of 1:2:1; the spraying amount of the biological agents is 1 kg per mu.

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