Mud flat reclamation area planting and breeding system for improving diversity of waterfowl and management method

Abstract

The invention discloses a mud flat reclamation area planting and breeding system for improving waterfowl diversity and a management method, the mud flat reclamation area planting and breeding system comprises N area combinations greater than or equal to 1, and each area combination is composed of an agricultural planting area, an aquaculture area and a wetland restoration area in sequence; the aquaculture area is provided with a water inlet channel and a water outlet channel; the agricultural planting area is mainly based on rice-wheat rotation or rice single-cropping planting, and irrigation water comes from the aquaculture area; the wetland restoration area needs to be subjected to microtopography reconstruction and ecological water demand management, and different vegetation communities are configured in the wetland restoration area and on peripheral banks to meet inhabiting requirements of different waterfowls; the water resource drainage and irrigation management of the aquaculture area and the agricultural planting area needs to be dispatched together with the wetland restoration area to enrich the food source of the waterfowl and improve the diversity and practicability of the waterfowl habitat. The aquaculture area and the agricultural planting area are used as important supplementary habitats for waterfowls. According to the method, the diversity of the waterfowl is increased, and the regional ecological function and the sustainable development of society and economy are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of wetland ecological restoration, and specifically relates to a tidal flat reclamation area breeding system and a management method for improving the diversity of water birds. Background Art

[0002] Wetlands are breeding grounds, wintering grounds and migratory stopovers for many waterbirds, and are of great significance to the maintenance of waterbird diversity. The large-scale wetlands distributed in China's eastern coastal areas are an important part of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway (EAAF) for waterbirds, including the Yellow (Bohai) Sea World Heritage Site.

[0003] In order to protect the ecological environment, many coastal areas have established nature reserves and carried out pond-returning and wetland-returning projects for aquaculture ponds. However, the area of ​​nature reserves is limited, and their isolation and fragmentation make the protection of "migratory routes" face the problem of protection fragmentation. For economic considerations, large-scale pond-returning and wetland-returning projects will seriously affect the livelihoods of fishermen and regional development. How to maintain ecological functions while obtaining economic value is an important issue for the future development of pond aquaculture in coastal areas. Secondly, it is difficult to sustain operation and management due to the lack of economic income after the complete pond withdrawal; and blind pond withdrawal leads to a large expansion of wetland vegetation such as reeds, the disappearance of large areas of water, and is not conducive to the habitat and rest of birds such as geese and ducks that like large areas of water; the restoration of wetland ecology after simple pond withdrawal is a complex process. It may indeed bring an increase in food resources, but it may also cause certain difficulties for birds and other animals to obtain food due to some physical or ecological factors, such as water depth or large vegetation coverage.

[0004] The current wetland management model has resulted in limited areas of nature reserves, serious islandization and fragmentation, which has led to the fragmentation of waterbird migration routes and a decrease in local waterbird diversity. At the same time, the contradiction between wetland protection and surrounding land use is prominent under this model. There is a lack of unified planning and coordination mechanisms, and blind pond withdrawal has led to the monotony of wetland vegetation, which is not conducive to the diversity and stability of wetland ecosystems and has also affected the livelihoods of some local residents. There is an urgent need to provide an economical and affordable breeding system. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a tidal flat reclamation area breeding system and management method for improving the diversity of water birds, so as to achieve water bird protection and ecological sustainable development by constructing a suitable habitat for water birds, and to improve economic benefits through freshwater aquaculture and farmland planting production methods.

[0006] In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A tidal flat reclamation area breeding system for improving water bird diversity, comprising N ≥ 1 regional combinations, wherein the regional combinations are composed of agricultural planting areas, aquaculture areas and wetland restoration areas in sequence, and N is an integer, the area of ​​the aquaculture area accounts for 35% of the area of ​​the tidal flat reclamation area breeding system, the area of ​​the agricultural planting area accounts for 35% of the overall area of ​​the tidal flat reclamation area breeding system, and the wetland restoration area accounts for 30% of the overall area of ​​the tidal flat reclamation area breeding system;

[0008] The aquaculture area is provided with an inlet channel and an outlet channel, emergent plants are planted in the outlet channel, and the outlet channel is connected to the agricultural planting area and the wetland restoration area respectively;

[0009] The agricultural planting area is mainly based on rice-wheat rotation or rice single-season planting, and the irrigation water for the agricultural planting area comes from the aquaculture area;

[0010] The wetland restoration area consists of ponds, gentle slopes and highlands, the highlands are located in the center of the wetland restoration area, the highlands are connected to the highest point of the gentle slopes, and the gentle slopes transition to ponds, and the ponds account for 40% of the entire wetland restoration area, the gentle slopes account for 50% of the entire wetland restoration area, and the highlands account for 10% of the entire wetland restoration area; submerged plants are planted in the ponds; emergent plants are planted in the gentle slopes, and emergent plants and trees and shrubs are planted in the highlands, and the annual vegetation coverage rate is maintained at 50-60% of the sum of the highland and gentle slope areas. Too high or too low vegetation coverage is not conducive to the habitat utilization of water birds; low-density trees and shrubs are planted on the banks on both sides of the wetland restoration area.

[0011] As an improvement, the aquaculture area carries out normal breeding and related management activities from March to November each year. If water is needed, it will be introduced from the inlet channel; December to February of the following year is the idle period for breeding; during the fishing process, the breeding tail water is discharged to the wetland restoration area. While meeting the ecological water needs of the wetland restoration area, 10 cm deep breeding tail water is retained, and the remaining tail water is discharged into the outlet channel. The nutrient-rich breeding tail water provides growth conditions for plants in the wetland restoration area and the agricultural planting area. At the same time, the aquaculture area also provides a rich food source for water birds.

[0012] As an improvement, the species normally cultured are freshwater fish or shrimp and crab fry.

[0013] As an improvement, the water inlet channel is a cement slope protection to reduce underground water seepage and improve irrigation efficiency.

[0014] As an improvement, the trees and shrubs are willows, elms, pittosporums or photinia fraseri to meet the habitat needs of some water birds during the breeding season.

[0015] As an improvement, when the agricultural planting area is a single-season rice planting area, the planting time is from May to November each year. During the rice seedling stage, water is drawn from the aquaculture area to ensure that the water depth in the agricultural planting area is 5 cm. After the seedling stage and before harvesting, water is drawn from the aquaculture area as needed. From December each year to April of the following year is a planting vacancy period.

[0016] As an improvement, when the agricultural planting area is a rice-wheat rotation, wheat is planted from November each year to May of the following year, and water is drawn from the aquaculture area on demand in the early stage of planting to irrigate the wheat during its germination period; rice is planted from May to November each year, and water is drawn from the aquaculture area during the rice seedling stage to ensure that the water depth in the agricultural planting area is 5 cm. After the seedling stage and before harvesting, water is drawn from the aquaculture area on demand.

[0017] Regardless of whether the above-mentioned agricultural planting areas are single-season planting or crop rotation, after the harvest is completed, the scattered rice and wheat seedlings ensure an abundant food source for wintering water birds, and also provide a good foraging habitat for water birds.

[0018] As an improvement, the pond is 1.2m deep, which meets the feeding needs of waterfowl such as geese, ducks and gulls. The slope angle of the gentle slope is 0.05°, and the area with a water level below 40cm on the gentle slope accounts for 50% of the gentle slope, meeting the feeding and habitat needs of wading birds such as cranes, storks and shorebirds. The high ground is 2-3m higher than the bottom of the pond.

[0019] As an improvement, the submerged plant is Potamogeton or Vallisneria; the emergent plant is Phragmites australis or Cattail.

[0020] The above-mentioned management method of the tidal flat reclamation area breeding system for improving water bird diversity comprises the following steps:

[0021] Step 1, first divide the regional combination of the tidal flat reclamation area to be treated, each regional combination is composed of an agricultural planting area, an aquaculture area and a wetland restoration area in sequence, an inlet channel and an outlet channel are provided in the aquaculture area, emergent plants are planted in the outlet channel, and the outlet channel is connected to the agricultural planting area and the wetland restoration area respectively; the wetland restoration area is composed of a pit pond, a gentle slope and a highland, the highland is located in the center of the wetland restoration area, the highland is connected to the highest point of the gentle slope, and the gentle slope transitions to the pit pond; submerged plants are planted in the pit pond; emergent plants are planted in the gentle slope, the highland is 2-3m higher than the bottom of the pit pond, and trees, shrubs and emergent plants are planted on the highland, and the perennial vegetation coverage rate is maintained at 50-60% of the sum of the highland and gentle slope areas, and too high or too low vegetation coverage is not conducive to the habitat utilization of water birds; low-density trees and shrubs are planted on the banks on both sides of the wetland restoration area;

[0022] Step 2: In March of each year, the aquaculture area draws water from the water inlet channel and releases fish fry or shrimp and crab fry as needed. From March to November, the aquaculture area carries out normal breeding and management activities. From December of each year to February of the following year, it is a breeding idle period. On the premise of retaining 10 cm deep aquaculture tail water, the rest of the tail water must be discharged to the wetland restoration area. During the water exchange period, the aquaculture tail water carrying nutrients is directly discharged into the wetland restoration area to provide the nutrients needed for the growth of benthic organisms, plankton and fish in the wetland restoration area, thereby providing a rich and diverse food for water birds. From May to November of each year, The nutrient-rich aquaculture tail water is introduced into the agricultural planting area as needed to provide conditions for the growth of rice. If rice and wheat are planted in rotation, water is introduced from the aquaculture area to the agricultural planting area as needed in early November to irrigate the wheat during the germination period. The fallen rice and germinated wheat seedlings after harvest provide a food source for waterfowl. Ponds are set up in the wetland restoration area and submerged plants are planted to provide foraging and habitats for waterfowl. The gentle slopes and planted emergent plants provide foraging and habitats for wading birds. Trees are planted on both sides of the wetland restoration area to provide habitats for some arboreal waterfowl.

[0023] Beneficial effects:

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the tidal flat reclamation area breeding system and management method for improving water bird diversity of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0025] 1. Landscape heterogeneity is conducive to improving biodiversity

[0026] Reasonable regional planning: Most existing breeding systems are large-scale single planting systems or breeding systems with single functions in the region. The breeding system of the present invention is separated by aquaculture areas, agricultural planting areas and wetland restoration areas. This layout not only ensures the independence of the functions of each area, but also achieves coordinated development through reasonable water circulation and material exchange.

[0027] Diverse plant configuration: Most existing planting and breeding systems are single vegetation settings. The present invention configures different trees and shrubs in the wetland restoration area and on the surrounding banks. A variety of submerged plants and emergent plants are configured in the wetland restoration area, which increases the heterogeneity of the landscape, provides a diverse habitat for water birds, and further improves biodiversity.

[0028] 2. Reduce the amount of aquaculture tailwater discharged and increase the recycling of water nutrients

[0029] Efficient use of water resources: Tailwater from aquaculture areas can be discharged into wetland restoration areas and agricultural planting areas, which reduces the direct discharge of aquaculture tailwater compared to the existing breeding system. While meeting the ecological water needs of the wetland restoration area, aquaculture tailwater provides nutrients for wetlands and crops, increasing the recycling of water nutrients.

[0030] Irrigation and drainage have good synergy: the irrigation water for agricultural planting areas comes from aquaculture areas. Water is diverted before planting rice, and different water depths are controlled during the rice seedling stage and the late growth stage. The water is drained after the harvest. The whole process is coordinated with the water use time and water volume in the aquaculture area, which improves the overall utilization efficiency of water resources.

[0031] 3. Create good wintering and habitat conditions for migratory waterbirds and increase waterbird diversity

[0032] Rich food sources: Aquaculture areas provide food sources for waterfowl, and the scattered rice and winter wheat seedlings in agricultural planting areas also ensure sufficient food sources for wintering waterfowl. At the same time, benthic organisms, plankton and fish in wetland restoration areas provide a variety of food for waterfowl.

[0033] Diverse habitats: The breeding system of the present invention contains a variety of waterfowl habitat types, including low-cover shallow water vegetation, open water surface, and bank trees and shrubs. The ponds, gentle slopes, and highlands in the wetland restoration area combined with the bank trees and shrubs provide foraging, roosting, and breeding places for waterfowl such as geese, ducks, and gulls, and wading birds such as cranes, storks, and shorebirds, thereby increasing the habitat diversity of waterfowl, thereby facilitating the improvement of waterfowl diversity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a top view of a tidal flat reclamation area breeding system for improving water bird diversity according to the present invention, wherein 1-agricultural planting area, 2-aquaculture area, 3-wetland restoration area, 4-inlet channel, 5-outlet channel;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the wetland restoration area of ​​Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and implement it, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0037] A tidal flat reclamation area breeding system for improving water bird diversity, comprising N ≥ 1 regional combinations, wherein the regional combinations are composed of agricultural planting areas, aquaculture areas and wetland restoration areas in sequence, and N is an integer, the area of ​​the aquaculture area accounts for 35% of the area of ​​the tidal flat reclamation area breeding system, the area of ​​the agricultural planting area accounts for 35% of the overall area of ​​the tidal flat reclamation area breeding system, and the wetland restoration area accounts for 30% of the overall area of ​​the tidal flat reclamation area breeding system;

[0038] The aquaculture area is provided with an inlet channel and an outlet channel, emergent plants are planted in the outlet channel, and the outlet channel is connected to the agricultural planting area and the wetland restoration area respectively;

[0039] The agricultural planting area is mainly based on rice-wheat rotation or rice single-season planting, and the irrigation water for the agricultural planting area comes from the aquaculture area;

[0040] The wetland restoration area consists of ponds, gentle slopes and highlands, wherein the highlands are located in the center of the wetland restoration area, connected to the highest point of the gentle slopes, and transitioned from the gentle slopes to the ponds. The ponds account for 40% of the entire wetland restoration area, the gentle slopes account for 50% of the entire wetland restoration area, and the highlands account for 10% of the entire wetland restoration area. Submerged plants are planted in the ponds; emergent plants are planted in the gentle slopes and highlands, and the annual vegetation coverage rate is maintained at 50-60% of the sum of the highlands and gentle slopes. Too high or too low vegetation coverage is not conducive to the habitat utilization of water birds. Low-density trees and shrubs are planted on the banks on both sides of the wetland restoration area. The emergent plants and trees and shrubs meet the habitat requirements of water bird diversity and provide a place for the breeding of water birds.

[0041] Specifically, the aquaculture area carries out normal breeding and related management activities from March to November each year. If water is needed, it will be taken in from the inlet channel. December to February of the following year is the idle period for breeding. During the fishing process, the breeding tail water is discharged to the wetland restoration area. While meeting the ecological water demand of the wetland restoration area, 10 cm deep breeding tail water is retained, and the rest of the tail water is discharged into the outlet channel. The nutrient-rich breeding tail water provides growth conditions for plants in the wetland restoration area and the agricultural planting area. At the same time, the aquaculture area also provides a rich food source for water birds.

[0042] Specifically, the normally cultured species are freshwater fish or shrimp and crab fry.

[0043] Specifically, the water inlet channel is a cement slope protection, which reduces underground water seepage and improves irrigation efficiency.

[0044] Specifically, emergent plants such as reeds or cattails are planted in the outlet channel.

[0045] Specifically, the trees and shrubs are willows, elms, pittosporums or photinia fraseri, so as to meet the habitat requirements of some water birds during the breeding season.

[0046] Specifically, when the agricultural planting area is a single-season rice planting area, the planting time is from May to November each year. During the rice seedling stage, water is drawn from the aquaculture area to ensure that the water depth in the agricultural planting area is 5 cm. After the seedling stage and before harvesting, water is drawn from the aquaculture area as needed. From December each year to April of the following year is a planting vacancy period.

[0047] Specifically, when the agricultural planting area is a rice-wheat rotation, wheat is planted from November each year to May of the following year. In the early stage of planting, water is drawn from the aquaculture area as needed to irrigate the wheat during the germination period. Rice is planted from May to November each year. During the rice seedling stage, water is drawn from the aquaculture area to ensure that the water depth in the agricultural planting area is 5 cm. After the seedling stage and before harvesting, water is drawn from the aquaculture area as needed.

[0048] Regardless of whether the above-mentioned agricultural planting areas are single-season planting or crop rotation, after the harvest is completed, the scattered rice and wheat seedlings ensure an abundant food source for wintering water birds, and also provide a good foraging habitat for water birds.

[0049] Specifically, the pond is 1.2m deep, which meets the feeding needs of waterfowl such as geese, ducks and gulls. The slope angle of the gentle slope is 0.05°, and the area with a water level below 40cm in the gentle slope accounts for 50% of the gentle slope, which meets the feeding and habitat needs of wading birds such as cranes, storks and shorebirds. The high ground is 2-3m higher than the bottom of the pond.

[0050] Specifically, the submerged plant is Potamogeton or Vallisneria; the emergent plant is Phragmites australis or Cattail.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention provides a tidal flat reclamation area breeding system for improving water bird diversity, which is composed of an agricultural planting area, an aquaculture area and a wetland restoration area in sequence.

[0053] The selected tidal flat reclamation area is located in the coastal area of ​​Yancheng. The Yancheng tidal flat is the largest tidal flat and wetland in China's coastal area, with an area of ​​6.83 million mu. The rich tidal flat resources provide a broad space for the implementation of the breeding system. At the same time, the Yancheng tidal flat is still silting up at a rate of more than 20,000 mu per year. This continuously growing tidal flat area provides a steady stream of new land for the implementation of the breeding system, which helps to expand the breeding scale. In addition, the Yancheng tidal flat is the habitat of many rare and endangered wild animals. The implementation of the breeding system and management model will help protect and improve the diversity of these water birds.

[0054] The area of ​​aquaculture area is 350 mu, accounting for 35% of the total area of ​​breeding system in tidal flat reclamation area; the area of ​​agricultural planting area is 350 mu, accounting for 35% of the total area of ​​breeding system in tidal flat reclamation area; the area of ​​wetland restoration area is 300 mu, accounting for 30% of the total area of ​​breeding system in tidal flat reclamation area.

[0055] Aquaculture and related management activities are carried out in aquaculture areas from March to November each year, specifically including the farming of freshwater fish, shrimps and crabs, such as grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp, black carp, crucian carp, river crabs, and green shrimps.

[0056] The unit's tidal flat reclamation area breeding system has an inlet channel and an outlet channel. The inlet channel is a cement slope protection channel, and the outlet channel is connected to the agricultural planting area and the wetland restoration area respectively. The outlet channel is planted with emergent plants such as reeds and cattails. The inlet channel is connected to the aquaculture area. In March every year, the aquaculture area receives water from the inlet channel to carry out breeding activities. In addition, water can be taken from the inlet channel when there is a demand for water.

[0057] The agricultural planting area of ​​this embodiment adopts rice-wheat rotation, and wheat is planted from November each year to May of the following year;

[0058] The wetland restoration area consists of ponds, gentle slopes and highlands. The depth of the pond is 1.2 meters, the slope angle of the gentle slope is 0.05°, and the highlands are connected to the highest point of the gentle slope. The area of ​​the pond accounts for 40% of the entire wetland restoration area, the area of ​​the gentle slope accounts for 50% of the entire wetland restoration area, and the area of ​​the highlands accounts for 10% of the entire wetland restoration area. A water level gauge is set on one side of the pond. Potamogeton, Vallisneria, and lotus are planted in the pond, and reeds, cattails and other emergent plants are planted in the highlands and gentle slopes. During the germination period of aquatic vegetation (April-May), water is diverted from the aquaculture area to the wetland restoration area, and the water depth is controlled at more than 60cm to limit the germination rate of emergent vegetation, thereby ensuring that its coverage is maintained between 50-60% all year round. Too high or too low vegetation coverage is not conducive to the habitat utilization of water birds. While ensuring that the hydrological conditions meet the habitat requirements of different waterfowl as much as possible, low-density trees and shrubs such as Pittosporum tobira, Photinia fraseri, elm or willow are planted on the banks on both sides of the wetland restoration area. The emergent plants and trees and shrubs meet the habitat requirements of diverse waterfowl and provide a place for the breeding of waterfowl. During the water exchange period of the aquaculture area, the wetland restoration area introduces aquaculture tailwater from the aquaculture area. The tailwater needs to flood the entire wetland restoration area to ensure that the wetland restoration area has a variety of waterfowl habitat types such as low-coverage shallow water vegetation, open water surface and bank trees and shrubs.

[0059] The aquaculture area is idle from December to February of the following year. During the fishing process, the aquaculture tailwater is discharged to the wetland restoration area. When the ecological water demand of the wetland restoration area is met, 10 cm deep aquaculture tailwater is retained, and the remaining tailwater is discharged into the outlet channel. The nutrient-rich aquaculture tailwater provides growth conditions for plants in the wetland restoration area and agricultural planting area, and the aquaculture area also provides a rich food source for water birds.

[0060] Before rice is planted in the agricultural planting area in May each year, the aquaculture area pumps part of the tail water into the agricultural planting area. During the rice seedling stage, the water depth in the agricultural planting area is guaranteed to be 5cm. After the seedling stage and before harvest, the water depth in the agricultural planting area is 8-10cm. After harvest, the water is discharged into the outlet channel. The scattered rice and wheat seedlings ensure the rich food source for wintering waterfowl, and the agricultural planting area also provides a good foraging habitat for waterfowl.

[0061] In November of each year, after the aquaculture area completes the breeding activities of the year, the aquaculture tail water will be discharged to the wetland restoration area, so that the water level in the wetland restoration area reaches 1.7 meters above the water level scale, and 10 cm deep aquaculture tail water will be retained in the aquaculture area. In November of each year, after the rice harvest is completed, the agricultural planting area will discharge the water into the outlet channel. Before the introduction of aquaculture tail water, the wetland restoration area will discharge the original water in the area into the outlet channel.

[0062] The water resource drainage and irrigation management in the aquaculture areas and agricultural planting areas need to be coordinated with the wetland restoration areas to ensure the diversity of water bird habitats.

[0063] Through monitoring, it was found that before the management, the only water bird species that appeared in this tidal flat reclamation area in winter was the cormorant (

[0064] After the management, the winter waterbird species include Mallard (Anasplatyrhynchos), Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea), Spot-billed Duck (Anas zonorhyncha), Herring Gull (Larus argentatus), Common Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), Ruddy Duck (Marecafalcata), Little Egret (Egretta garzetta), Great Egret (Ardea alba), Pintail Duck (Anas acuta), White-bone Cockatoo (Fulica atra), Oriental White Stork (Ciconiaboyciana), Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata) and more than ten other waterbirds.

Claims

1. A tidal flat reclamation area breeding system for improving water bird diversity, characterized in that: The area combination comprises N≥1 areas, which are composed of agricultural planting areas, aquaculture areas and wetland restoration areas in sequence, and N is an integer. The area of ​​the aquaculture area accounts for 35% of the area of ​​the breeding system of the tidal flat reclamation area, the area of ​​the agricultural planting area accounts for 35% of the overall area of ​​the breeding system of the tidal flat reclamation area, and the wetland restoration area accounts for 30% of the overall area of ​​the breeding system of the tidal flat reclamation area; the aquaculture area is provided with an inlet channel and an outlet channel, and emergent plants are planted in the outlet channel, and the outlet channel is connected to the agricultural planting area and the wetland restoration area respectively; the agricultural planting area is mainly planted with rice-wheat rotation or single-season rice, and the irrigation water of the agricultural planting area comes from the aquaculture area. The wetland restoration area is composed of ponds, gentle slopes and highlands, the highlands are located in the center of the wetland restoration area, the highlands are connected to the highest point of the gentle slopes, and the gentle slopes transition to ponds, and the ponds account for 40% of the entire wetland restoration area, the gentle slopes account for 50% of the entire wetland restoration area, and the highlands account for 10% of the entire wetland restoration area; submerged plants are planted in the ponds; emergent plants are planted in the gentle slopes, and emergent plants and trees and shrubs are planted in the highlands, and the annual vegetation coverage rate is maintained at 50-60% of the sum of the highlands and gentle slopes. Too high or too low vegetation coverage is not conducive to the habitat utilization of water birds; low-density trees and shrubs are planted on the banks on both sides of the wetland restoration area.

2. A tidal flat reclamation area breeding system for improving water bird diversity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aquaculture area carries out normal breeding and related management activities from March to November each year. If water is needed, it will be taken in from the inlet channel. December to February of the following year is the idle period for breeding. During the fishing process, the breeding tail water will be discharged to the wetland restoration area. While meeting the ecological water demand of the wetland restoration area, 10 cm deep breeding tail water will be retained, and the rest of the tail water will be discharged into the outlet channel. The nutrient-rich breeding tail water provides growth conditions for plants in the wetland restoration area and the agricultural planting area. At the same time, the aquaculture area also provides a rich food source for water birds.

3. The tidal flat reclamation area breeding system for improving water bird diversity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The species normally cultured are freshwater fish or shrimp and crab fry.

4. The tidal flat reclamation area breeding system for improving water bird diversity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water inlet channel is a cement slope protection.

5. The tidal flat reclamation area breeding system for improving water bird diversity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trees and shrubs are willow, elm, pittosporum or photinia.

6. The tidal flat reclamation area breeding system for improving water bird diversity according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the agricultural planting area is planted in a single season, the plant is rice, and the planting time is from May to November each year. Before planting, water is drawn from the aquaculture area. During the rice seedling stage, the water depth in the agricultural planting area is guaranteed to be 5 cm. After the seedling stage and before harvest, the water depth in the agricultural planting area is 8-10 cm. After harvesting, the water is discharged into the outlet channel.

7. The tidal flat reclamation area breeding system for improving water bird diversity according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the agricultural planting area is in crop rotation, the plants planted are rice-wheat rotation, wheat is planted from November each year to May of the following year, and wheat is planted in the early stage of planting; rice is planted from May to November each year, and water is drawn from the aquaculture area during the rice seedling stage to ensure that the water depth in the agricultural planting area is 5 cm. After the seedling stage and before harvesting, water is drawn from the aquaculture area as needed.

8. The tidal flat reclamation area breeding system for improving water bird diversity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pond is 1.2m deep, which meets the feeding needs of waterfowl such as geese, ducks and gulls. The slope angle of the gentle slope is 0.05°, and the area with a water level below 40cm on the gentle slope accounts for 50% of the gentle slope, which meets the feeding and habitat needs of wading birds such as cranes, storks and shorebirds. The high ground is 2-3m higher than the bottom of the pond.

9. The tidal flat reclamation area breeding system for improving water bird diversity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The submerged plant is Potamogeton or Vallisneria; the emergent plant is Phragmites australis or Cattail.

10. A management method for a tidal flat reclamation area breeding system for improving water bird diversity based on any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Specifically: Step 1, first divide the regional combination of the tidal flat reclamation area to be treated, each regional combination is composed of an agricultural planting area, an aquaculture area and a wetland restoration area in sequence, an inlet channel and an outlet channel are provided in the aquaculture area, emergent plants are planted in the outlet channel, and the outlet channel is connected to the agricultural planting area and the wetland restoration area respectively; the wetland restoration area is composed of a pit pond, a gentle slope and a highland, the highland is located in the center of the wetland restoration area, the highland is connected to the highest point of the gentle slope, and the gentle slope transitions to the pit pond; submerged plants are planted in the pit pond; emergent plants are planted in the gentle slope, the highland is 2-3m higher than the bottom of the pit pond, and trees, shrubs and emergent plants are planted on the highland, and the perennial vegetation coverage rate is maintained at 50-60% of the sum of the highland and gentle slope areas, and too high or too low vegetation coverage is not conducive to the habitat utilization of water birds; low-density trees and shrubs are planted on the banks on both sides of the wetland restoration area; Step 2: In March of each year, the aquaculture area draws water from the water inlet channel and releases fish fry or shrimp and crab fry as needed. From March to November, the aquaculture area carries out normal breeding and management activities. From December of each year to February of the following year, it is a breeding idle period. On the premise of retaining 10 cm deep aquaculture tail water, the rest of the tail water must be discharged to the wetland restoration area. During the water exchange period, the aquaculture tail water carrying nutrients is directly discharged into the wetland restoration area to provide the nutrients needed for the growth of benthic organisms, plankton and fish in the wetland restoration area, thereby providing a rich and diverse food for water birds. From May to November of each year, The nutrient-rich aquaculture tail water is introduced into the agricultural planting area as needed to provide conditions for the growth of rice. If rice and wheat are planted in rotation, water is introduced from the aquaculture area to the agricultural planting area as needed in early November to irrigate the wheat during the germination period. The fallen rice and germinated wheat seedlings after harvest provide a food source for waterfowl. Ponds are set up in the wetland restoration area and submerged plants are planted to provide foraging and habitats for waterfowl. The gentle slopes and planted emergent plants provide foraging and habitats for wading birds. Trees are planted on both sides of the wetland restoration area to provide habitats for some arboreal waterfowl.

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