Breeding method for Changfeng native chickens

Abstract

The invention relates to a Changfeng native chicken breeding method which comprises the following steps: selecting sanhuang chickens and partridge chickens as maternal lines, selecting white rocks and Kebao white-feather chickens as paternal lines, and performing directional hybridization through an artificial insemination technology to form an F1-generation hybrid population; then, screening out a high-quality family according to detection results of the weight and meat quality of the 300-day-old family, and gradually fixing target characters through multi-generation directional hybridization and backcross; meanwhile, a gene of a foreign high-yield broiler variety Ross 308 or Kebao 500 is introduced, so that the breeding performance of the paternal line is enhanced; finally, through refined feeding management and a staged feeding strategy, the breeding effect is further optimized, and it is ensured that when the bred new Changfeng native chicken strain is 300 days old, the body weight reaches 3.0-3.5 kg, the pectoral muscle proportion is not lower than 22%, and the egg yield is stabilized to be 170 or above. According to the breeding method, the weight of the Changfeng native chickens can be obviously increased, meanwhile, the meat quality of the Changfeng native chickens is more compact, and the meat quality of the Changfeng native chickens is improved.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of Changfeng native chicken breeding, and in particular to a Changfeng native chicken breeding method. [Background technology]

[0002] With the growing demand for high-quality poultry products from consumers, the development of breeding technology has become one of the key factors in improving poultry production efficiency and product quality. In the field of poultry breeding, especially in the breeding of native chicken breeds, traditional breeding methods mainly rely on natural mating and selection. However, with the increasing market demand for high-quality native chicken breeds with local characteristics, traditional breeding methods have gradually shown their limitations, such as long breeding cycles, low yields, and unstable performance. Therefore, the application of modern breeding technology in native chicken breeding has become increasingly important.

[0003] As a high-quality native chicken breed with unique flavor and local characteristics, Changfeng native chicken has received widespread attention in recent years. It combines the excellent meat quality and disease resistance of local native chickens, and has a high market value, especially in the breeding market in southern China. However, due to the slow growth rate and relatively low egg production of local native chickens, this limits its promotion and application in large-scale breeding. Therefore, how to improve the growth rate, meat quality and egg production of Changfeng native chickens through modern breeding technology has become a major challenge in breeding work.

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of traditional breeding methods, in recent years, many studies and practices have begun to apply modern breeding technology to native chicken breeding. Among them, introducing genes from high-yield broiler breeds and combining them with local chicken breeds for hybrid breeding is an effective method. This method can not only maintain the meat flavor of local chicken breeds, but also greatly improve their growth rate and egg-laying performance. In addition, precise breeding management and feeding strategies, such as artificial insemination technology, refined feeding management, and phased feeding strategies, have gradually become important means in breeding. Slow growth rate: Although traditional native chicken breeds have excellent meat quality, they generally have the problem of slow growth rate. Generally speaking, native chicken breeds tend to have a lower body weight at 300 days of age, which cannot meet the requirements of modern breeding industry for efficient production. This leads to a long breeding cycle, high feeding costs, and inability to compete with fast-growing broiler breeds. At present, there are still problems such as low egg production. The egg production of native chicken breeds is relatively low, and it is difficult for traditional breeding methods to significantly improve egg production without affecting meat quality. This makes native chicken breeds insufficient in market supply and economic benefits, and it is difficult to meet the market demand for high-quality laying hens. Unstable genetic traits: Since traditional breeding methods mainly rely on natural mating and selection, they are greatly affected by environmental factors, resulting in unstable genetic traits during the breeding process and large differences in the performance of offspring. This uncertainty increases the difficulty of breeding and also affects the production plans of farmers and the stability of market supply. Lack of systematic breeding management: Traditional native chicken breeding often lacks systematic management, and the selection criteria and methods in the breeding process are not scientific enough, resulting in low breeding efficiency, long breeding cycles, and difficulty in quickly launching new varieties that meet market demand. [Summary of the invention]

[0005] In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a Changfeng native chicken breeding method, comprising the following steps: first, select three yellow chickens and hemp chickens as maternal lines (SD1, SD2), select white Rock chickens and Cobb white-feathered chickens as paternal lines (HS1, HS2), and perform directional hybridization through artificial insemination technology to form an F1 generation hybrid population; then, select high-quality families according to the results of weight and meat quality test at 300 days of age, and gradually fix the target traits through multi-generation directional hybridization and backcrossing; at the same time, introduce genes of foreign high-yield broiler varieties Ross 308 or Cobb 500 to enhance the breeding performance of the paternal line; finally, through refined feeding management and phased feeding strategies, further optimize the breeding effect, ensure that the new strain of Changfeng native chickens bred reaches 3.0 to 3.5 kg in weight at 300 days of age, the proportion of breast muscle is not less than 22%, and the egg production is stabilized at more than 170 eggs. The breeding method of the present invention improves the production efficiency and market competitiveness of Changfeng native chickens, and has broad application prospects. It can significantly increase the weight of Changfeng native chicken, and at the same time reduce the fat content of Changfeng native chicken, making the meat of Changfeng native chicken firmer and improving the meat quality of Changfeng native chicken.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A Changfeng native chicken breeding method comprises the following steps:

[0008] a) Using Sanhuang chicken and Ma chicken as the maternal line (SD1, SD2), the weight of the chicken is required to be between 2.5 and 3.0 kg at 300 days of age, and the egg production at 300 days of age is not less than 150 eggs; using White Rock chicken and Cobb white feather chicken as the paternal line (HS1, HS2), the weight of the chicken is required to reach 3.5 to 4.0 kg at 300 days of age under standard breeding conditions, and the proportion of breast muscle to body weight is not less than 20%;

[0009] b) through artificial insemination technology, the selected maternal line SD1 is directional hybridized with the paternal line HS1, and the maternal line SD2 is directional hybridized with the paternal line HS2, respectively, to obtain two independent F1 hybrid populations; from the F1 hybrid populations, 60 families are selected according to the results of body weight and meat quality test at 300 days of age, as the first-generation core group, the body weight of the individuals in the core group at 300 days of age is not less than 3.0 kg, and the meat quality test shows that the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the muscle is not less than 30%;

[0010] c) The high-quality individuals in the first-generation core group of SD1×HS1 are backcrossed with the maternal line SD1, and the high-quality individuals in the first-generation core group of SD2×HS2 are backcrossed with the maternal line SD2 to form the F2 generation respectively; in the F2 generation group, according to the body weight at 300 days of age and the egg production at 300 days of age, the families with excellent growth rate and egg production performance are selected as the second-generation core group, ensuring that the body weight of the individuals in the core group at 300 days of age is not less than 3.2 kg and the egg production is not less than 160 eggs;

[0011] d) Through multiple generations of directional hybridization and backcrossing, the target traits are gradually fixed, and families with high growth rate, good meat quality and high egg production performance are selected; each generation is screened according to the body weight at 300 days of age, the proportion of breast muscle and egg production. The screening criteria are that the body weight at 300 days of age is not less than 3.2 kg, the proportion of breast muscle to body weight is not less than 22%, and the egg production is not less than 170 eggs;

[0012] e) The final Changfeng native chickens were combined and finalized, and the fixed combination offspring of SD1×HS1 and SD2×HS2 were used as Changfeng native chickens. The weight of the combined offspring at 300 days of age was between 3.0 and 3.5 kg, the proportion of breast muscle reached more than 22%, and the egg production was stabilized at more than 170 eggs.

[0013] Furthermore, in step a), the feathers of the three-yellow chicken are pure yellow, and the beak and legs are yellow, without spots or color differences; the feathers of the threadfin fowl are brown-yellow, and the beak and legs are yellow.

[0014] Furthermore, the weight of the White Rock chicken and Cobb white-feather chicken should reach 3.5 to 4.0 kg at 300 days of age, and the proportion of breast muscle weight to body weight should not be less than 20%.

[0015] Furthermore, the volume of semen used for each hen during artificial insemination is 0.1 ml to 0.2 ml. After insemination, the hen is tested for fertilization rate within 5 days, and the development of the fertilized egg is determined by ovarian ultrasound detection. The fertilization rate is required to reach more than 95% to ensure the high efficiency of the hybridization process and the excellent genetic characteristics of the offspring.

[0016] Furthermore, in step b), 60 families are selected from the F1 generation hybrid population, and the feather color of the individuals in each family should be consistent with that of the maternal family. The feathers of the three-yellow chicken family are pure yellow, and the feathers of the silkie chicken family are brownish yellow. The weight of each individual should reach more than 3.0 kg at 300 days of age.

[0017] Furthermore, during the backcrossing process of step c), the egg production of the selected maternal individuals at 300 days of age is not less than 160 eggs, the eggshell color is light brown, and the eggshell thickness is 0.35 mm to 0.40 mm.

[0018] Furthermore, in the multi-generation breeding process of step d), the body weight of the individuals screened out in each generation at 300 days of age is not less than 3.2 kg, and the proportion of breast muscle weight to body weight is not less than 22%.

[0019] Furthermore, during the screening process in step d), the feed conversion ratio of the individuals screened in each generation should be no higher than 2.5, that is, every 2.5 kg of feed is converted into at least 1 kg of body weight gain.

[0020] Furthermore, in step a), the selection of the paternal lines HS1 and HS2 further includes introducing genes of foreign high-yield broiler breeds Ross 308 or Cobb 500 through hybridization, and the specific method is: first hybridize the grandparent father of Ross 308 with the White Rock chicken to form an enhanced HS1 paternal line; hybridize the grandparent mother of Cobb 500 with the Cobb white-feathered chicken to form an enhanced HS2 paternal line; after hybridization, select the individuals with a body weight of 3.5 to 4.0 kg and a breast muscle weight of not less than 22% of the body weight from the hybrid offspring as the enhanced HS1 and HS2 paternal lines, and continue to use them in subsequent hybridization steps with Sanhuang chicken and Ma chicken.

[0021] Furthermore, in the breeding process of HS1 and HS2 paternal lines after crossbreeding with genes of foreign high-yield broiler breeds Ross 308 or Cobb 500, the ratio of protein and energy in the feed formula is controlled, specifically, the crude protein content in the feed is 20% to 22%, and the metabolizable energy is 11.5 to 12.5 MJ / kg; at the same time, a phased feeding strategy is adopted, and the proportion of high-energy feed such as corn and soybean meal is increased in the fattening stage to ensure that the weight growth rate during the fattening period is not less than 45 grams / day. .

[0022] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. Significantly improve growth rate: By selecting excellent paternal lines (White Rock chicken, Cobb white-feathered chicken) and introducing genes from high-yield broiler breeds Ross 308 or Cobb 500, the present invention significantly improves the growth rate of Changfeng native chickens. The final Changfeng native chickens can reach a weight of 3.0 to 3.5 kg at 300 days of age, meeting the modern market demand for fast-growing broilers, shortening the breeding cycle and improving production efficiency.

[0024] 2. Optimize meat quality and egg-laying performance: On the basis of retaining the excellent meat quality characteristics of the maternal line (Sanhuang chicken, Ma chicken), the present invention gradually fixes the lineage with excellent meat quality and high egg-laying performance through multi-generation directional hybridization and backcrossing. The breast muscle proportion of the Changfeng native chicken finally bred is not less than 22% at 300 days of age, and the egg production is stable at more than 170 eggs, achieving dual optimization of meat quality and egg-laying performance.

[0025] 3. Optimized genetic stability and high-quality meat quality. The present invention adopts a breeding method of multi-generation directional hybridization and backcrossing to gradually fix the excellent traits of Changfeng native chickens. In each generation, strict selection criteria are combined, especially the screening of body weight, breast muscle ratio and egg-laying performance at 300 days of age, which ultimately makes the new strain of Changfeng native chickens bred show high stability in genetic traits. Through this selection and breeding method, the present invention successfully achieves the optimization of meat quality. Not only the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the muscle is significantly improved, but also the proportion of breast muscle to body weight reaches more than 22%. This optimized meat quality characteristic meets the market demand for high-quality chicken and significantly improves the market competitiveness of Changfeng native chickens.

[0026] 4. Efficient growth and egg-laying performance. In the breeding process of the present invention, by introducing the excellent genes of White Rock Chicken, Cobb White Feather Chicken, Ross 308 or Cobb 500, and combining the excellent traits of Three Yellow Chicken and Ma Chicken, a balance between efficient growth and high egg production is achieved. The new strain of Changfeng native chicken bred can reach a weight of 3.0 to 3.5 kg at 300 days of age, and the egg production is stable at more than 170 eggs. This efficient growth and egg-laying performance is particularly beneficial for large-scale breeding, which not only shortens the breeding cycle, but also greatly improves the economic benefits of farmers.

[0027] 5. Establishment and optimization of comprehensive selection indicators. In the breeding process, the present invention establishes comprehensive selection indicators with body weight, egg production, breast muscle ratio, etc. as the core, and conducts comprehensive screening in combination with appearance traits (such as feather color and shank color). Through this systematic selection and screening mechanism, a group of core families that meet the target traits are successfully selected, and these traits are further optimized and consolidated through subsequent multi-generation breeding. This comprehensive selection method effectively ensures that the selected individuals of each generation in the breeding process have ideal growth and production performance, avoiding the disadvantage of unstable traits in traditional breeding. [Specific implementation method]

[0028] All features disclosed in this specification, or steps in all methods or processes disclosed, except mutually exclusive features and / or steps, can be combined in any manner.

[0029] Unless otherwise stated, any feature disclosed in this specification (including any additional claims and abstract) is only an example of a series of equivalent or similar features. The reagents, raw materials, probiotics, etc. used in the present invention can be purchased through commercial channels.

[0030] Embodiment 1:

[0031] In this embodiment, a Changfeng native chicken breeding method comprises the following steps:

[0032] a) Using Sanhuang chicken and Ma chicken as the maternal line (SD1, SD2), the weight of the chicken is required to be between 2.5 and 3.0 kg at 300 days of age, and the egg production at 300 days of age is not less than 150 eggs; using White Rock chicken and Cobb white feather chicken as the paternal line (HS1, HS2), the weight of the chicken is required to reach 3.5 to 4.0 kg at 300 days of age under standard breeding conditions, and the proportion of breast muscle to body weight is not less than 20%;

[0033] Selection and cultivation of maternal lines. In this embodiment, three yellow chickens and hemp chickens are selected as maternal lines (marked as SD1 and SD2, respectively). Three yellow chickens and hemp chickens are high-quality local chicken breeds widely cultivated in southern China. They are favored by farmers for their excellent meat quality and egg-laying performance. Maternal performance requirements: In order to ensure the breeding effect, the selected maternal line must meet the following conditions at 300 days of age: Body weight: between 2.5 and 3.0 kg. By controlling the stocking density, feed formula and lighting conditions, it is ensured that the maternal chickens reach the ideal weight range at 300 days of age. Egg production: The egg production at 300 days of age is not less than 150 eggs. By regularly monitoring the egg production of the maternal line, individuals that meet the egg-laying standards are screened out to ensure the high production performance of the maternal line.

[0034] Selection and cultivation of paternal lines, selection of paternal varieties: This embodiment selects White Rock chicken and Cobb white-feathered chicken as paternal lines (marked as HS1 and HS2, respectively). White Rock chicken and Cobb white-feathered chicken are known for their rapid growth and high meat quality, and are suitable as paternal lines for crossbreeding. Paternal performance requirements: Under standard feeding conditions, the paternal line must meet the following conditions at 300 days of age: Body weight: between 3.5 and 4.0 kg. Through reasonable feeding and management, including the use of high-protein and energy feeds, ensure that the paternal chickens reach the target weight at 300 days of age. Breast muscle ratio: The weight of the breast muscle accounts for not less than 20% of the body weight. The breast muscle of the paternal chickens is measured, and individuals that meet the standards are screened out to ensure the excellent meat quality of the offspring.

[0035] Hybridization and F1 generation selection, hybridization process: artificial insemination technology is used to carry out directional hybridization of maternal SD1 and paternal HS1, and maternal SD2 and paternal HS2, respectively, to obtain two independent F1 generation hybrid groups. During artificial insemination, 0.1 to 0.2 ml of semen is used for each hen to ensure that the fertilization rate reaches more than 95%. F1 generation screening: In the F1 generation hybrid group, families that meet the following criteria are selected as the first generation core group: weight at 300 days of age is not less than 3.0 kg. Meat quality testing shows that the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the muscle is not less than 30%. By regularly monitoring weight and meat quality, high-quality families are screened out.

[0036] Breeding, backcrossing and selection of F2 generation and subsequent generations: The high-quality individuals in the first-generation core group of SD1×HS1 are backcrossed with the maternal line SD1 again, and the high-quality individuals in the first-generation core group of SD2×HS2 are backcrossed with the maternal line SD2 again to form the F2 generation. Screening of F2 generation: The second-generation core group is selected according to the following standards: The body weight at 300 days of age is not less than 3.2 kg. The egg production at 300 days of age is not less than 160 eggs. Each generation in the F2 generation group is screened multiple times to fix the target traits and make the performance of the offspring more stable. Multi-generation directional hybridization and fixed traits: Through multi-generation directional hybridization and backcrossing, the target traits of high growth rate, excellent meat quality and high egg production performance are gradually fixed. Each generation is screened according to the body weight at 300 days of age, the proportion of breast muscle and the egg production to ensure that the selected individuals meet the standards in these performance indicators.

[0037] The final combination and finalization, through multiple crosses of the fixed combination offspring of SD1×HS1 and SD2×HS2, the final Changfeng native chicken strain was bred. After 300-day-old performance testing, it was determined that the final Changfeng native chicken strain weighed between 3.0 and 3.5 kg, the breast muscle accounted for more than 22%, and the egg production was stable at more than 170 eggs.

[0038] b) through artificial insemination technology, the selected maternal line SD1 is directional hybridized with the paternal line HS1, and the maternal line SD2 is directional hybridized with the paternal line HS2, respectively, to obtain two independent F1 hybrid populations; from the F1 hybrid populations, 60 families are selected according to the results of body weight and meat quality test at 300 days of age, as the first-generation core group, the body weight of the individuals in the core group at 300 days of age is not less than 3.0 kg, and the meat quality test shows that the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the muscle is not less than 30%;

[0039] In one embodiment, semen collection and processing: Semen is collected from the two paternal lines of HS1 and HS2, and the semen is diluted to a suitable concentration using a diluent, and the amount of semen used for insemination of each hen is 0.15 ml. Artificial insemination: Artificial insemination is performed on the maternal lines SD1 and SD2 to ensure that each hen is in the best physiological state at the time of insemination. The insemination process lasted for one week, with insemination twice a day. Formation of the F1 generation group: Within 21 days after insemination, the F1 generation hybrid group 1 (SD1×HS1) and the F1 generation hybrid group 2 (SD2×HS2) were hatched. Each group contains about 300 individuals. 300-day-old weight measurement: All individuals of the two F1 generation hybrid groups were weighed at 300 days of age. Individuals weighing not less than 3.0 kg were selected to enter the next step of screening. Meat quality detection: Meat quality detection is performed on individuals that meet the weight standards, with special attention to the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the muscle. The unsaturated fatty acid ratio in each sample was determined by gas chromatography, and individuals with an unsaturated fatty acid content of not less than 30% in muscle were selected. Establishment of the core group: 30 families were selected from the two F1 hybrid populations, totaling 60 families, and the individuals in these families all met the 300-day-old weight and meat quality standards. These families were identified as the first-generation core group for subsequent breeding work.

[0040] c) The high-quality individuals in the first-generation core group of SD1×HS1 are backcrossed with the maternal line SD1, and the high-quality individuals in the first-generation core group of SD2×HS2 are backcrossed with the maternal line SD2 to form the F2 generation respectively; in the F2 generation group, according to the body weight at 300 days of age and the egg production at 300 days of age, the families with excellent growth rate and egg production performance are selected as the second-generation core group, ensuring that the body weight of the individuals in the core group at 300 days of age is not less than 3.2 kg and the egg production is not less than 160 eggs;

[0041] d) Through multiple generations of directional hybridization and backcrossing, the target traits are gradually fixed, and families with high growth rate, good meat quality and high egg production performance are selected; each generation is screened according to the body weight at 300 days of age, the proportion of breast muscle and egg production. The screening criteria are that the body weight at 300 days of age is not less than 3.2 kg, the proportion of breast muscle to body weight is not less than 22%, and the egg production is not less than 170 eggs;

[0042] e) The final Changfeng native chickens were combined and finalized, and the fixed combination offspring of SD1×HS1 and SD2×HS2 were used as Changfeng native chickens. The weight of the combined offspring at 300 days of age was between 3.0 and 3.5 kg, the proportion of breast muscle reached more than 22%, and the egg production was stabilized at more than 170 eggs.

[0043] In one embodiment, in step a), the feathers of the three-yellow chicken are pure yellow, and the beak and legs are yellow without spots or color differences; the feathers of the silkie chicken are brown-yellow, and the beak and legs are yellow.

[0044] In one embodiment, the body weight of the White Rock chicken and Cobb white-feather chicken should reach 3.5 to 4.0 kg at 300 days of age, and the breast muscle weight should account for no less than 20% of the body weight.

[0045] Furthermore, the volume of semen used for each hen during artificial insemination is 0.1 ml to 0.2 ml. After insemination, the hen is tested for fertilization rate within 5 days, and the development of the fertilized egg is determined by ovarian ultrasound detection. The fertilization rate is required to reach more than 95% to ensure the high efficiency of the hybridization process and the excellent genetic characteristics of the offspring.

[0046] Furthermore, in step b), 60 families are selected from the F1 generation hybrid population, and the feather color of the individuals in each family should be consistent with that of the maternal family. The feathers of the three-yellow chicken family are pure yellow, and the feathers of the silkie chicken family are brownish yellow. The weight of each individual should reach more than 3.0 kg at 300 days of age.

[0047] Furthermore, during the backcrossing process of step c), the egg production of the selected maternal individuals at 300 days of age is not less than 160 eggs, the eggshell color is light brown, and the eggshell thickness is 0.35 mm to 0.40 mm.

[0048] Furthermore, in the multi-generation breeding process of step d), the body weight of the individuals screened out in each generation at 300 days of age is not less than 3.2 kg, and the proportion of breast muscle weight to body weight is not less than 22%.

[0049] Furthermore, during the screening process in step d), the feed conversion ratio of the individuals screened in each generation should be no higher than 2.5, that is, every 2.5 kg of feed is converted into at least 1 kg of body weight gain.

[0050] Embodiment 2:

[0051] Furthermore, in step a), the selection of the paternal lines HS1 and HS2 further includes introducing genes of foreign high-yield broiler breeds Ross 308 or Cobb 500 through hybridization, and the specific method is: first hybridize the grandparent father of Ross 308 with the White Rock chicken to form an enhanced HS1 paternal line; hybridize the grandparent mother of Cobb 500 with the Cobb white-feathered chicken to form an enhanced HS2 paternal line; after hybridization, select the individuals with a body weight of 3.5 to 4.0 kg and a breast muscle weight of not less than 22% of the body weight from the hybrid offspring as the enhanced HS1 and HS2 paternal lines, and continue to use them in subsequent hybridization steps with Sanhuang chicken and Ma chicken.

[0052] Furthermore, in the breeding process of the HS1 and HS2 paternal lines after hybridization with the genes of the foreign high-yield broiler breeds Ross 308 or Cobb 500, the ratio of protein and energy in the feed formula is controlled, specifically, the crude protein content in the feed is 20% to 22%, and the metabolizable energy is 11.5 to 12.5 MJ / kg; at the same time, a phased feeding strategy is adopted to increase the proportion of high-energy feed such as corn and soybean meal in the fattening stage to ensure that the body weight growth rate during the fattening period is not less than 45 g / day.

[0053] Table 1 records the weight and breast muscle ratio of chickens with and without foreign high-yield genes (Ross 308 and Cobb 500) at 300 days of age. Each group of data comes from 3 different chickens, providing the average value and variability between samples. Group: Different experimental groups were distinguished, including the experimental groups with "Ross 308 gene introduced", "no gene introduced" and "Cobb 500 gene introduced", as well as the corresponding control group. Group: Different experimental groups were distinguished, including the experimental groups with "Ross 308 gene introduced", "no gene introduced" and "Cobb 500 gene introduced", as well as the corresponding control group. Chicken number: The number used to identify each chicken (No. 1-3) to ensure the traceability of the data. Weight at 300 days of age (kg): The weight of each chicken at 300 days of age was measured. The chickens introduced with the Ross 308 gene showed a higher body weight, averaging about 3.7 kg, the chickens introduced with the Cobb 500 gene had an average weight of about 3.8 kg, and the chickens without the gene had a group weight of between 3.2-3.3 kg. This data shows the positive effect of the introduced gene on the weight gain of chickens. Breast muscle weight as a percentage of body weight (%): The proportion of breast muscle weight to body weight of each chicken is recorded. The breast muscle ratio of the chickens introduced with the gene was higher, reaching about 23%, while the breast muscle ratio of the chickens without the gene was about 20%. This shows that the introduction of high-yield genes has effectively improved the development of the breast muscles of chickens and has a significant effect on improving meat production performance.

[0054] Table 1 Comparison of body weight and chest muscle ratio

[0055] Group Chicken Number Body weight at 300 days of age (kg) The proportion of chest muscle weight to body weight (%) Introducing the Ross 308 gene 1 3.7 23 Introducing the Ross 308 gene 2 3.6 22.5 Introducing the Ross 308 gene 3 3.8 23.2 No gene introduced 1 3.2 20 No gene introduced 2 3.3 20.5 No gene introduced 3 3.1 19.8 Introducing the Cobb 500 gene 1 3.8 22.5 Introducing the Cobb 500 gene 2 3.7 22.8 Introducing the Cobb 500 gene 3 3.9 23 No gene introduced 1 3.3 20.5 No gene introduced 2 3.2 20 No gene introduced 3 3.1 19.9

[0056] Table 2 shows the data of average daily weight gain and feed conversion rate of chickens during the fattening period (usually the fastest growth stage). Each group of data comes from the measurement of 3 chickens, covering the key growth indicators of the fattening period. Detailed description of data items: The experimental group and control group of "introducing Ross 308 gene", "not introducing gene" and "introducing Kebao 500 gene" are distinguished. Chicken number: the number of each chicken (No. 1-3). Average daily weight gain (g / day): The average daily weight gain of each chicken during the fattening period is recorded. The average daily weight gain of the chickens introduced with the gene is 47-48 grams, and the average daily weight gain of the chickens without the gene is 40-41 grams. The growth rate of the chickens introduced with the gene is significantly better than that of the chickens without the gene. Feed conversion rate: Feed conversion rate refers to the amount of feed required for each kilogram of weight gain. The feed conversion rate of the chickens introduced with the gene is 1.9-2.0, while the feed conversion rate of the chickens without the gene is poor, at 2.3-2.4. A lower feed conversion rate means higher feed utilization efficiency, which is an important indicator for improving breeding benefits.

[0057] Table 2: Growth rate comparison table (fattening period)

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] This table records the age of the flock when it starts laying, the weight of the flock when it starts laying, and the egg production at 300 days of age, and evaluates the effect of the introduced gene on the egg-laying performance of the flock. The data comes from 3 chickens in each group (numbered 1-3). Detailed description of data items: Group: The experimental group and the control group are distinguished, including "introducing Ross 308 gene", "not introducing genes" and "introducing Kebao 500 gene". Chicken number: The number of each chicken (1-3). Age of laying (days): The age of each chicken when it first lays eggs is recorded. The flocks with introduced genes start laying earlier (169-171 days), while the flocks without introduced genes start laying later (175-176 days). This shows that the introduction of high-yield genes can prompt the flock to enter the egg-laying period earlier, thereby increasing the total output of the egg-laying cycle. Weight of laying (kg): The weight of each chicken when it first lays eggs is recorded. The chickens with the introduced gene had a higher weight at the beginning of laying (2.0-2.1 kg), while the chickens without the introduced gene had a lower weight at the beginning of laying (1.8-1.9 kg). This shows that the introduced gene promotes the early growth and weight accumulation of the chickens. Egg production at 300 days of age (pieces): The cumulative egg production of each chicken at 300 days of age was recorded. The egg production of the chickens with the introduced gene was significantly higher than that of the control group (175-178 eggs vs. 160-165 eggs), indicating that the introduction of the gene not only accelerated the start of laying in the chickens, but also increased the total egg production.

[0061] Table 3: Egg laying performance comparison table

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] This table covers the test data of unsaturated fatty acid content and muscle fiber density in chicken muscle, and evaluates the effect of introducing high-yield genes on meat health and quality. Each group of data comes from sample measurements of 3 chickens (numbered 1-3). Detailed description of data items: Group: The experimental group and the control group are distinguished, including "introducing Ross 308 gene", "not introducing genes" and "introducing Kebao 500 genes". Chicken number: The number of each chicken (1-3). Unsaturated fatty acid content in muscle (%): The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the muscle of each chicken is recorded. The chickens with introduced genes have a higher content of unsaturated fatty acids (32-33%), while the chickens without introduced genes have a lower content (29-30%). Unsaturated fatty acids have an important impact on the taste and health of meat, showing the significant effect of introducing genes in improving the health of meat. Muscle fiber density (roots / square millimeter): The muscle fiber density of each chicken muscle is recorded. The chickens that had the gene introduced had a higher density of muscle fibers (450-460 fibers / square millimeter), while the chickens that had not had the gene introduced had a lower density (400-410 fibers / square millimeter). A higher density of muscle fibers usually means more tender meat and a better taste, indicating that the introduction of high-yield genes has a significant effect on improving meat quality.

[0065] Table 4: Meat quality test comparison table

[0066]

[0067] Embodiment 3:

[0068] The following weight growth data table records the weight growth of chickens of different generations (F1 generation, F2 generation) and the control group at different ages. The data covers the weight performance at 1 week, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 13 weeks and 22 weeks of age, and distinguishes the growth data of roosters and hens.

[0069] Table 5: Weight gain data table

[0070]

[0071] F1 generation and F2 generation: By introducing excellent sire and dam lines, the F2 generation exceeded the F1 generation in weight gain at each age, showing a gradual improvement in breeding results.

[0072] Control group: The weight of the control group (local chickens that have not been optimized for breeding) was lower than that of the F1 and F2 generations at all ages, especially at 22 weeks of age, when the weight of the control group was much lower than that of the F2 generation. This shows that the growth rate of Changfeng native chickens has been significantly improved through modern breeding methods.

[0073] Table 6 Egg laying performance data records the age of first laying, weight of first laying, weight of first laying eggs, weight at 300 days of age and egg production at 300 days of age of chickens of different generations. These data reflect the key performance indicators of chickens during the production period.

[0074] Table 6: Egg production performance data

[0075]

[0076] Age at first laying and weight at first laying: The age at first laying and weight at first laying of the F2 generation were better than those of the F1 generation, indicating effective optimization of growth rate and early egg-laying performance during the breeding process.

[0077] Body weight and egg production at 300 days of age: The body weight and egg production of the F2 generation at 300 days of age were higher than those of the control group, further indicating that the breeding strategy significantly improved the egg-laying performance and weight gain of Changfeng native chickens.

[0078] Table 7 shows the meat quality characteristics data table showing the half-eviscerated rate, full-eviscerated rate, breast muscle rate, leg muscle rate and carcass weight of chickens of different generations. These indicators directly reflect the quality of chicken.

[0079] Table 7: Meat quality characteristics data table

[0080]

[0081]

[0082] Breast muscle rate and leg muscle rate: The breast muscle rate and leg muscle rate of the F2 generation were higher than those of the F1 generation and the control group, indicating that the meat quality characteristics were successfully enhanced during the breeding process, especially the breast muscle part which has an important influence on the meat taste and nutritional value.

[0083] Carcass weight: The carcass weight of the F2 generation was higher than that of the control group, indicating that the breeding method was effective in improving chicken production.

[0084] Table 8 Feed conversion rate data table reflects the feed utilization efficiency of chickens of different generations at different growth stages, and records the feed conversion rates at 1 week, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 13 weeks and 22 weeks of age.

[0085] Table 8: Feed conversion rate data table

[0086]

[0087] Feed conversion efficiency: The feed conversion rate of the F2 generation was better than that of the F1 generation and the control group at all stages, especially in the fattening stage (13W and 22W), where the feed conversion rate of the F2 generation was the lowest, showing higher feed utilization efficiency. This means that by optimizing breeding, more meat can be produced with the same feed consumption, reducing breeding costs.

[0088] Table 9 records the key performance indicators such as weight growth rate, feed conversion rate, body weight at 300 days of age and egg production at 300 days of age of chickens of different generations under different feeding environments (standard feeding and high temperature and high humidity).

[0089] Table 9: Growth performance data under different feeding environments

[0090]

[0091] Environmental adaptability: The weight growth rate and egg production of the F2 generation remained at a high level in a high temperature and high humidity environment, indicating that the breeding process not only optimized growth and egg production performance, but also improved environmental adaptability. This is of great significance for farmers in production in a changing environment.

[0092] Performance of the control group: The weight gain and egg-laying performance of the control group in a high temperature and high humidity environment decreased significantly, further highlighting the superiority of the breeding method of the present invention in improving the environmental adaptability of Changfeng native chickens.

[0093] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0094] 1. Significantly improve growth rate: By selecting excellent paternal lines (White Rock chicken, Cobb white-feathered chicken) and introducing genes from high-yield broiler breeds Ross 308 or Cobb 500, the present invention significantly improves the growth rate of Changfeng native chickens. The final Changfeng native chickens can reach a weight of 3.0 to 3.5 kg at 300 days of age, meeting the modern market demand for fast-growing broilers, shortening the breeding cycle and improving production efficiency.

[0095] 2. Optimize meat quality and egg-laying performance: On the basis of retaining the excellent meat quality characteristics of the maternal line (Sanhuang chicken, Ma chicken), the present invention gradually fixes the lineage with excellent meat quality and high egg-laying performance through multi-generation directional hybridization and backcrossing. The breast muscle proportion of the Changfeng native chicken finally bred is not less than 22% at 300 days of age, and the egg production is stable at more than 170 eggs, achieving dual optimization of meat quality and egg-laying performance.

[0096] 3. Optimized genetic stability and high-quality meat quality. The present invention adopts a breeding method of multi-generation directional hybridization and backcrossing to gradually fix the excellent traits of Changfeng native chickens. In each generation, strict selection criteria are combined, especially the screening of body weight, breast muscle ratio and egg-laying performance at 300 days of age, which ultimately makes the new strain of Changfeng native chickens bred show high stability in genetic traits. Through this selection and breeding method, the present invention successfully achieves the optimization of meat quality. Not only the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the muscle is significantly improved, but also the proportion of breast muscle to body weight reaches more than 22%. This optimized meat quality characteristic meets the market demand for high-quality chicken and significantly improves the market competitiveness of Changfeng native chickens.

[0097] 4. Efficient growth and egg-laying performance. In the breeding process of the present invention, by introducing the excellent genes of White Rock Chicken, Cobb White Feather Chicken, Ross 308 or Cobb 500, and combining the excellent traits of Three Yellow Chicken and Ma Chicken, a balance between efficient growth and high egg production is achieved. The new strain of Changfeng native chicken bred can reach a weight of 3.0 to 3.5 kg at 300 days of age, and the egg production is stable at more than 170 eggs. This efficient growth and egg-laying performance is particularly beneficial for large-scale breeding, which not only shortens the breeding cycle, but also greatly improves the economic benefits of farmers.

[0098] 5. Establishment and optimization of comprehensive selection indicators. In the breeding process, the present invention establishes comprehensive selection indicators with body weight, egg production, breast muscle ratio, etc. as the core, and conducts comprehensive screening in combination with appearance traits (such as feather color and shank color). Through this systematic selection and screening mechanism, a group of core families that meet the target traits are successfully selected, and these traits are further optimized and consolidated through subsequent multi-generation breeding. This comprehensive selection method effectively ensures that the selected individuals of each generation in the breeding process have ideal growth and production performance, avoiding the disadvantage of unstable traits in traditional breeding.

[0099] The applicant declares that the above embodiments are used to illustrate the product, use and use of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed uses or use, that is, it does not mean that the present invention must rely on the above detailed uses and use to be realized. Personnel in the relevant technical field should understand that any improvement of the present invention, equivalent replacement of various raw materials of the product of the present invention and addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific methods, etc., all fall within the protection scope and disclosure scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Changfeng native chicken breeding method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: a) In the future, Sanhuang chicken and Ma chicken will be used as the maternal line (SD1, SD2), and their weight will be between 2.5 and 3.0 kg at 300 days of age, and the egg production will not be less than 150 eggs at 300 days of age; White Rock chicken and Cobb white feather chicken will be used as the paternal line (HS1, HS2), and their weight will reach 3.5 to 4.0 kg at 300 days of age under standard breeding conditions, and the proportion of breast muscle to body weight will not be less than 20%; b) through artificial insemination technology, the selected maternal line SD1 is directional hybridized with the paternal line HS1, and the maternal line SD2 is directional hybridized with the paternal line HS2, respectively, to obtain two independent F1 hybrid populations; from the F1 hybrid populations, 60 families are selected according to the results of body weight and meat quality test at 300 days of age, as the first-generation core group, the body weight of the individuals in the core group at 300 days of age is not less than 3.0 kg, and the meat quality test shows that the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the muscle is not less than 30%; c) The high-quality individuals in the first-generation core group of SD1×HS1 are backcrossed with the maternal line SD1, and the high-quality individuals in the first-generation core group of SD2×HS2 are backcrossed with the maternal line SD2 to form the F2 generation respectively; in the F2 generation group, according to the body weight at 300 days of age and the egg production at 300 days of age, the families with excellent growth rate and egg production performance are selected as the second-generation core group, ensuring that the body weight of the individuals in the core group at 300 days of age is not less than 3.2 kg and the egg production is not less than 160 eggs; d) Through multiple generations of directional hybridization and backcrossing, the target traits are gradually fixed, and families with high growth rate, good meat quality and high egg production performance are selected; each generation is screened according to the body weight at 300 days of age, the proportion of breast muscle and egg production. The screening criteria are that the body weight at 300 days of age is not less than 3.2 kg, the proportion of breast muscle to body weight is not less than 22%, and the egg production is not less than 170 eggs; e) The final Changfeng native chickens were combined and finalized, and the fixed combination offspring of SD1×HS1 and SD2×HS2 were used as Changfeng native chickens. The weight of the combined offspring at 300 days of age was between 3.0 and 3.5 kg, the proportion of breast muscle reached more than 22%, and the egg production was stabilized at more than 170 eggs.

2. The Changfeng native chicken breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step a), the feathers of the three-yellow chicken are pure yellow, and the beak and legs are yellow without spots or color difference; the feathers of the threadfin fowl are brown-yellow, and the beak and legs are yellow.

3. The Changfeng native chicken breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The White Rock chicken and Cobb white-feather chicken should weigh 3.5 to 4.0 kg at 300 days of age, with the breast muscle weight accounting for no less than 20% of the body weight.

4. The Changfeng native chicken breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume of semen used for each hen during artificial insemination is 0.1 ml to 0.2 ml. After insemination, the hen is tested for fertilization rate within 5 days, and the development of the fertilized egg is determined by ovarian ultrasound detection. The fertilization rate is required to reach more than 95% to ensure the high efficiency of the hybridization process and the excellent genetic characteristics of the offspring.

5. The Changfeng native chicken breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step b), 60 families are selected from the F1 generation hybrid population, and the feather color of the individuals in each family should be consistent with that of the maternal family. The feathers of the three-yellow chicken family are pure yellow, and the feathers of the silkie chicken family are brownish yellow. The weight of each individual should reach more than 3.0 kg at 300 days of age.

6. The Changfeng native chicken breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the backcrossing process of step c), the egg production of the selected maternal individuals at 300 days of age is not less than 160 eggs, the eggshell color is light brown, and the eggshell thickness is 0.35 mm to 0.40 mm.

7. The Changfeng native chicken breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the multi-generation breeding process of step d), the body weight of the individuals screened out in each generation at 300 days of age is not less than 3.2 kg, and the proportion of breast muscle weight to body weight is not less than 22%.

8. The Changfeng native chicken breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the screening process in step d), the feed conversion ratio of the individuals screened in each generation should be no higher than 2.5, that is, every 2.5 kg of feed is converted into at least 1 kg of body weight gain.

9. The Changfeng native chicken breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step a), the selection of the paternal lines HS1 and HS2 further includes introducing genes of foreign high-yield broiler breeds Ross 308 or Cobb 500 through hybridization, and the specific method is: first hybridize the grandparent father of Ross 308 with the White Rock chicken to form an enhanced HS1 paternal line; hybridize the grandparent mother of Cobb 500 with the Cobb white-feathered chicken to form an enhanced HS2 paternal line; after hybridization, select the individuals with a body weight of 3.5 to 4.0 kg and a breast muscle weight of not less than 22% of the body weight from the hybrid offspring as the enhanced HS1 and HS2 paternal lines, and continue to be used in subsequent hybridization steps with Sanhuang chicken and Ma chicken.

10. A Changfeng native chicken breeding method according to claim 9, characterized in that: During the breeding process of the HS1 and HS2 paternal lines after hybridization with the genes of foreign high-yield broiler breeds Ross 308 or Cobb 500, the proportion of protein and energy in the feed formula is controlled, specifically, the crude protein content in the feed is 20% to 22%, and the metabolizable energy is 11.5 to 12.5 MJ / kg; at the same time, a phased feeding strategy is adopted to increase the proportion of high-energy feed such as corn and soybean meal in the fattening stage to ensure that the body weight growth rate during the fattening period is not less than 45 grams / day.

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