A device and method for preventing and controlling mud bubbling in ballastless track bed

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of railway engineering technology, and specifically to a device and method for preventing and controlling mud bubbling in a ballastless track ballast bed layer. The device includes a device body, on which a monitoring module, an early warning module, a risk elimination module and a power supply module are arranged; the early warning module is connected to the monitoring module, the risk elimination module is connected to the early warning module, and the power supply module is connected to the monitoring module, the early warning module and the risk elimination module respectively. The present invention monitors the dynamic pore water pressure, dynamic acceleration and fine particle capture quality of the ballast bed layer in real time through the monitoring module, and the early warning module processes, analyzes and predicts the monitoring data, and promptly warns of abnormal conditions of the ballast bed layer, and discharges the accumulated water in the ballast bed layer through the risk elimination module, thereby reducing the probability of mud bubbling in the ballastless track ballast bed layer; the method comprehensively considers the pore water pressure gradient, dynamic acceleration and fine particle capture quality, and analyzes the ballast bed layer state based on the improved particle filtering method, so that the prediction result is more accurate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of railway engineering, and in particular to a device and method for preventing and controlling mud bubbling in a ballastless track ballast bed layer. Background Art

[0002] With the increase in the national demand for passenger services, the operating frequency of high-speed trains is gradually increasing. The amplitude and frequency of the dynamic loads borne by the ballastless track subgrade are getting higher and higher, and the possibility of subgrade diseases such as mud bubbling in the ballast bed layer is rapidly increasing. Due to the hidden nature of mud bubbling, when mud precipitates on the surface of the ballastless track, the ballast bed layer has already suffered from relatively serious mud bubbling. At present, there are many means to control mud bubbling, but the control is generally aimed at the later stage of mud bubbling, which requires a lot of manpower and material resources, and is affected by the operating environment, making construction inconvenient. Therefore, there is a need for a device that can timely warn of the occurrence of mud bubbling in the ballastless track subgrade layer, and can automatically eliminate danger when a warning occurs, so as to reduce the probability of damage to the railway subgrade, and thus reduce the maintenance cost of the railway subgrade. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a device and method for preventing and controlling mud bubbling of ballastless track ballast bed, which can timely warn of the occurrence of mud bubbling of ballastless track ballast bed, and can automatically eliminate the danger, thereby reducing the probability of damage to the railway subgrade. The specific technical scheme is as follows:

[0004] A device for preventing and controlling mud bubbling in a ballastless track bed layer comprises a device body, on which a monitoring module, an early warning module, a risk elimination module and a power supply module are arranged;

[0005] The monitoring module is arranged on the device body, and is used to monitor the dynamic pore water pressure, dynamic acceleration and fine particle capture quality of the roadbed layer; the early warning module is connected to the monitoring module, and is used to analyze the data monitored by the monitoring module and to issue an early warning for abnormal conditions of the roadbed layer; the danger removal module is connected to the early warning module, and is used to drain the accumulated water in the roadbed layer; the power supply module is respectively connected to the monitoring module, the early warning module and the danger removal module, and is used to provide the electric energy required for the operation of the device.

[0006] Furthermore, the monitoring module includes a plurality of dynamic pore water pressure monitoring devices, a plurality of dynamic acceleration monitoring devices and a plurality of fine particle capture devices, and the plurality of dynamic pore water pressure monitoring devices are respectively arranged at positions on the device body corresponding to the surface layer and the bottom layer of the ballast layer;

[0007] A plurality of the dynamic acceleration monitoring devices are arranged at positions on the device body corresponding to the surface layer of the ballast layer, and the dynamic acceleration monitoring devices are used to measure the dynamic acceleration of the ballast layer when a train passes through the track at the position;

[0008] A plurality of the fine particle capture devices are arranged at positions on the device body corresponding to the bottom layer of the ballast layer, and are used to measure the quality of fine particle capture.

[0009] Furthermore, the monitoring module also includes a data storage module, which is used to store data monitored by the dynamic pore water pressure monitoring device, the dynamic acceleration monitoring device and the fine particle capture device.

[0010] Furthermore, the early warning module includes a data processing and analysis module and an alarm module. The data processing and analysis module is used to analyze and process the monitoring data and predict the roadbed layer status. When the roadbed layer status is predicted to be abnormal, the alarm module alarms.

[0011] Furthermore, the risk elimination module includes a risk elimination device, and the risk elimination device is arranged on the roadbed layer;

[0012] The drainage device includes a drainage pipe and a water collection device, wherein the water collection device is arranged on the roadbed layer and is provided with a plurality of water inlets; the drainage pipe is connected to the water collection device and is used to discharge the accumulated water on the roadbed layer to outside the roadbed;

[0013] The hazard removal device also includes a pressurizing device, which is connected to the water collecting device and is used to disperse fine particles gathered around the water collecting device.

[0014] Furthermore, a plurality of air flow channels A are provided at the air outlet of the pressurizing device in the horizontal direction and in the vertical direction, respectively. The angle between two adjacent air flow channels A in the horizontal direction is 30 degrees, and the angle between two adjacent air flow channels A in the vertical direction is 30 degrees.

[0015] Furthermore, the power supply module is arranged at the top of the device body, and includes a solar power generation module, a wind power generation module and an energy storage module, and the solar power generation module and the wind power generation module are respectively connected to the energy storage module.

[0016] A method for preventing and controlling mud bubbling in a ballastless track ballast bed layer, using the above-mentioned prevention and control device to prevent and control mud bubbling in a ballastless track ballast bed layer, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0017] Step S1, monitoring the dynamic pore water pressure, dynamic acceleration and fine particle capture quality of the ballast layer through a monitoring module;

[0018] Step S2, the early warning module processes and analyzes the data monitored by the monitoring module, and predicts the roadbed layer state. When the roadbed layer state is predicted to be abnormal, the early warning module enters the early warning mode;

[0019] Step S3: When the early warning module issues an alarm, the danger removal module starts working to remove the water from the roadbed layer; when the early warning module predicts that the roadbed state returns to a normal state, the danger removal module stops working;

[0020] Step S4: repeat steps S2 and S3.

[0021] Furthermore, step S2 is specifically as follows:

[0022] Step S2.1, assuming that the state parameter of the ballast is x, where x is one of the pore water pressure gradient i, the dynamic acceleration a and the fine particle capture mass m, and establishing the ballast system state equation, specifically:

[0023] Step S2.1.1, normalize the ballast state parameters, and the normalization equation is shown in Formula 1):

[0024]

[0025] In formula 1), f x is the state parameter normalization equation, x min is the minimum value of the state parameter monitored based on the mud-swelling state, x max is the maximum value of the state parameter monitored based on the mud-bubbling state, is the mean value of the monitored state parameter;

[0026] Step S2.1.2, generate the track bed state function:

[0027] Z x =ΣP x *f x 2);

[0028] In formula 2), Z x is the state equation of the ballast system, P x is the sensitivity of the measured physical quantity to the change of the ballast bed state;

[0029] Among them, P x The calculation process is: pore water pressure gradient i A-B is the pore water pressure gradient between points A and B, U A is the pore water pressure at point A, U B is the pore water pressure at point B, l A-B is the distance between points A and B, and the variation range of pore water pressure gradient K i =Δi A-B / i A-B , Δi A-B / is the change value of the pore water pressure gradient between points A and B; the change amplitude of dynamic acceleration K a =Δa / a, Δa is the change value of dynamic acceleration; the change amplitude of fine particle capture mass K m=Δm / m, Δm is the change value of fine particle capture mass; the change amplitude of the three parameters is normalized to find the influence of parameter change on the whole system, that is, the sensitivity P of the measured physical quantity to the change of the ballast bed state x =K x / (K i +K a +K m );

[0030] Step S2.2, Initialize particle swarm: Randomly generate particle swarm Where t represents the number of screenings, j represents the particle number; the particle set is brought into the roadbed state function to update the particle set;

[0031] Step S2.3: Calculate the track bed state prediction value Z according to the particle set updated in step S2.2 g ;

[0032] Step S2.4, state estimation:

[0033] Update the predicted value Z g With the observed value Z c The deviation between p =|Z c -Z g |;

[0034] When the predicted value Z g With the observed value Z c When the deviation between them exceeds the threshold, the early warning module is entered. At this time, the particle weight is not updated, and the particle set is continued to be used to calculate the predicted value and perform state estimation;

[0035] When the predicted value Z g With the observed value Z c When the deviation between them does not exceed the threshold, the particle weight is calculated by Gaussian distribution function to screen the particle importance.

[0036]

[0037] In formula 3), w j is the weight of different particles, u is the mean deviation value of the particle group, and σ is the standard deviation of the particle group deviation value;

[0038] Normalize the particle weights:

[0039]

[0040] The particles are resampled and the resampled particles are used for further prediction of the predicted values ​​and for state estimation.

[0041] Further, the resampling step is specifically as follows: Define the cumulative distribution function of the particle weights denotes the weight of the s-th particle, and j takes values 1, 2, … n; Generate uniformly distributed random numbers v1, v2, v3…v on [0,1] n ; For each random number, find j such that cdf(j - 1) ≤ v i < cdf(j), and then select the particle

[0042] Applying the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] (1) The present invention provides a device for preventing and controlling mud pumping and gushing in the ballastless track bed, including a device body, on which a monitoring module, an early warning module, a risk elimination module and a power supply module are provided; The monitoring module is arranged on the device body and is used for monitoring the dynamic pore water pressure, dynamic acceleration and fine particle capture mass of the track bed; The early warning module is connected to the monitoring module and is used for analyzing the data monitored by the monitoring module and warning of the abnormal state of the track bed; The risk elimination module is connected to the early warning module and is used for discharging the accumulated water in the track bed; The power supply module is respectively connected to the monitoring module, the early warning module and the risk elimination module and is used for providing the electric energy required for the operation of the device. By means of the monitoring module, the present invention can monitor the dynamic pore water pressure, dynamic acceleration and fine particle capture mass of the track bed in real time, through the processing, analysis and prediction of the monitoring data by the early warning module, timely warn of the abnormal state of the track bed, and discharge the accumulated water in the track bed through the risk elimination module, thereby reducing the probability of mud pumping and gushing in the ballastless track bed.

[0044] (2) The present invention also provides a method for preventing and controlling mud pumping and gushing in the ballastless track bed. This method comprehensively considers the pore water pressure gradient, dynamic acceleration and fine particle capture mass, and analyzes the track bed state based on an improved particle filtering method, making the prediction result more accurate.

[0045] In addition to the purposes, features and advantages described above, the present invention has other purposes, features and advantages. The following will refer to the drawings for a further detailed description of the present invention. Description of the Drawings

[0046] The drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention. In the drawings:

[0047] Figure 1 is the overall structural schematic diagram of the device for preventing and controlling mud pumping and gushing in the ballastless track bed of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 is the schematic diagram of the fine particle capture device;

[0049] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the arrangement of the air flow channel, wherein the arrow direction in Figure (a) indicates the air flow direction in the horizontal air flow channel, and the arrow direction in Figure (b) indicates the air flow direction in the vertical air flow channel;

[0050] Figure 4 A flow chart of the method for preventing and controlling mud bubbling in the ballastless track bed layer of the present invention;

[0051] Among them, 1. Device body, 2. Monitoring module, 2.1. Dynamic pore water pressure monitoring device, 2.2. Fine particle capture device, 3. Early warning module, 4. Disaster prevention module, 4.1. Drain pipe, 4.2. Water collection device, 5. Power supply module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims.

[0053] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", "front", "back", "lateral", "longitudinal" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0054] Example:

[0055] See also Figure 1 This embodiment provides a device for preventing and controlling mud bubbling in a ballastless track bed layer, comprising a device body 1, on which a monitoring module 2, an early warning module 3, a risk elimination module 4 and a power supply module 5 are provided;

[0056] The monitoring module 2 is arranged on the device body 1, and is used to monitor the dynamic pore water pressure, dynamic acceleration and fine particle capture quality of the roadbed layer; the early warning module 3 is connected to the monitoring module 2, and is used to analyze the data monitored by the monitoring module 2 and to warn of abnormal conditions of the roadbed layer; the danger removal module 4 is connected to the early warning module 3, and is used to drain the accumulated water in the roadbed layer; the power supply module 5 is respectively connected to the monitoring module 2, the early warning module 3 and the danger removal module 4, and is used to provide the electric energy required for the operation of the device.

[0057] In this embodiment, the monitoring module includes a plurality of detection units arranged along the depth direction of the ballastless track ballast bed layer, the detection units include a dynamic pore water pressure monitoring device, a dynamic acceleration monitoring device and a fine particle capture device, and the dynamic pore water pressure monitoring device is respectively arranged at positions corresponding to the surface layer and the bottom layer of the ballast bed layer on the device body;

[0058] The dynamic acceleration monitoring device is arranged at a position on the device body corresponding to the surface of the ballast layer, and is used to measure the dynamic acceleration of the ballast layer when a train passes through the track at this position;

[0059] The fine particle capture device is arranged at a position on the device body corresponding to the bottom layer of the ballast layer, and is used to measure the quality of fine particle capture. Figure 2 A filter is provided on the side of the fine particle capture device 2.2, and a fine particle quality sensing capture device is provided inside the fine particle capture device 2.2.

[0060] In this embodiment, the monitoring module 2 further comprises a data storage module, and the data storage module is used to store the data monitored by the dynamic pore water pressure monitoring device 2.1, the dynamic acceleration monitoring device and the fine particle capture device 2.2.

[0061] In this embodiment, the early warning module 3 includes a data processing and analysis module and an alarm module. The data processing and analysis module is used to analyze and process the monitoring data and predict the roadbed layer state. When the roadbed layer state is predicted to be abnormal, the alarm module alarms.

[0062] In this embodiment, the risk elimination module 4 includes a risk elimination device, and the risk elimination device is arranged on the roadbed layer;

[0063] The drainage device comprises a drainage pipe 4.1 and a water collecting device 4.2. The water collecting device 4.2 is arranged on the roadbed layer and has a plurality of water inlets. The drainage pipe 4.1 is connected to the water collecting device 4.2 to discharge the accumulated water on the roadbed layer to outside the roadbed.

[0064] The hazard removal device also includes a pressurizing device, which is connected to the water collecting device 4.2. The pressurizing device is inflated to disperse fine particles gathered at the water inlet of the water collecting device 4.2. In this embodiment, the pressurizing device inhales air to discharge the accumulated water in the water collecting device 4.2 to the outside of the roadbed through the drainage pipe 4.1.

[0065] See also Figure 3 (a) and Figure 3 (b) A plurality of air flow channels A are provided at the air outlet of the pressurizing device in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, respectively. The angle between two adjacent air flow channels A in the horizontal direction is 30 degrees, and the angle between two adjacent air flow channels A in the vertical direction is 30 degrees.

[0066] Preferably, a valve is provided at the air outlet of the airflow channel A, and the opening direction of the valve is the same as the airflow direction.

[0067] As a preferred embodiment, the pressurizing device is rotatable to clear the drainage channel at multiple angles and speed up the drainage rate.

[0068] In this embodiment, see Figure 1 The power supply module 5 is arranged at the top of the device body 1, and includes a solar power generation module, a wind power generation module and an energy storage module. The solar power generation module and the wind power generation module are respectively connected to the energy storage module.

[0069] See also Figure 4 This embodiment provides a method for preventing and controlling mud bubbling in a ballastless track bed layer, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0070] Step S1, monitoring the dynamic pore water pressure, dynamic acceleration and fine particle capture quality of the ballast layer through the monitoring module 2;

[0071] Step S2, the early warning module 3 processes and analyzes the data monitored by the monitoring module 2, and predicts the roadbed layer state. When the roadbed layer state is predicted to be abnormal, the early warning module 3 enters the early warning mode;

[0072] Step S3: After the early warning module 3 issues an alarm, the danger removal module 4 starts working to remove the water from the roadbed layer; when the early warning module 3 predicts that the roadbed state returns to a normal state, the danger removal module 4 stops working.

[0073] Step S4: repeat steps S2 and S3.

[0074] Step S2 is specifically as follows:

[0075] Step S2.1, assuming that the state parameter of the ballast is x, where x is one of the pore water pressure gradient i, the dynamic acceleration a and the fine particle capture mass m, and establishing the ballast system state equation, specifically:

[0076] Step S2.1.1, normalize the ballast state parameters, and the normalization equation is shown in Formula 1):

[0077]

[0078] In formula 1), f x is the state parameter normalization equation, x min is the minimum value of the state parameter monitored based on the mud-swelling state, x max is the maximum value of the state parameter monitored based on the mud-bubbling state, is the mean value of the monitored state parameter;

[0079] Step S2.1.2, generate the track bed state function:

[0080] Z x =ΣP x *f x 2);

[0081] In formula 2), Z x is the state equation of the ballast system, P x is the sensitivity of the measured physical quantity to the change of the ballast bed state;

[0082] Among them, P x The calculation process is: pore water pressure gradient i A-B is the pore water pressure gradient between points A and B, U A is the pore water pressure at point A, U B is the pore water pressure at point B, l A-B is the distance between points A and B, and the variation range of pore water pressure gradient K i =Δi A-B / i A-B , Δi A-B / is the change value of the pore water pressure gradient between points A and B; the change amplitude of dynamic acceleration K a =Δa / a, Δa is the change value of dynamic acceleration; the change amplitude of fine particle capture mass K m =Δm / m, Δm is the change value of fine particle capture mass; the change amplitude of the three parameters is normalized to find the influence of parameter change on the whole system, that is, the sensitivity P of the measured physical quantity to the change of the ballast bed state x =K x / (K i +K a +K m );

[0083] Step S2.2, Initialize particle swarm: Randomly generate particle swarm Among them, t represents the number of screening times, j represents the particle number, and the particle set is brought into the roadbed state function to update the particle set;

[0084] Step S2.3: Calculate the track bed state prediction value Z according to the particle set updated in step S2.2 g ;

[0085] Step S2.4, state estimation:

[0086] Update the predicted value Z g With the observed value Z c The deviation between p =|Z c -Zg |;

[0087] When the deviation between the predicted value Z g and the observed value Z c exceeds the threshold, it enters the warning module. At this time, the particle weights are not updated, and this particle set is still used to calculate the predicted value and perform state estimation;

[0088] When the deviation between the predicted value Z g and the observed value Z c does not exceed the threshold, the particle weights are calculated through the Gaussian distribution function, and particle importance screening is performed.

[0089]

[0090] In Equation (3), w j represents the weights of different particles, u is the mean of the particle swarm deviation values, and σ is the standard deviation of the particle swarm deviation values;

[0091] The particle weights are normalized:

[0092]

[0093] The particles are resampled, and the resampled particles are used for further predicted value prediction and state estimation.

[0094] The specific steps of resampling are as follows: Define the cumulative distribution function of the weights represents the weight of the s-th particle, and j takes 1, 2,... n; Generate uniformly distributed random numbers v1, v2, v3... v on [0, 1] n ; For each random number, find j such that cdf(j - 1) ≤ v i < cdf(j), and then select the particle

[0095] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not used to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for preventing mud and slurry from ballastless track bed, characterized in that: The device comprises a device body (1), wherein the device body (1) is provided with a monitoring module (2), an early warning module (3), a risk elimination module (4) and a power supply module (5); The monitoring module (2) is arranged on the device body (1) and is used to monitor the dynamic pore water pressure, dynamic acceleration and fine particle capture quality of the roadbed layer; the early warning module (3) is connected to the monitoring module (2) and is used to analyze the data monitored by the monitoring module (2) and to issue an early warning for abnormal conditions of the roadbed layer; the danger removal module (4) is connected to the early warning module (3) and is used to remove the accumulated water in the roadbed layer; the power supply module (5) is respectively connected to the monitoring module (2), the early warning module (3) and the danger removal module (4) and is used to provide the electric energy required for the operation of the device.

2. The device for preventing mud bubbling and bubbling of ballastless track bed layer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The monitoring module (2) comprises a plurality of detection units arranged along the depth direction of the ballastless track ballast bed layer, the detection units comprising a dynamic pore water pressure monitoring device (2.1), a dynamic acceleration monitoring device and a fine particle capture device (2.2), the dynamic pore water pressure monitoring device (2.1) being arranged at positions corresponding to the surface layer and the bottom layer of the ballast bed layer on the device body (1); The dynamic acceleration monitoring device is arranged at a position on the device body (1) corresponding to the surface of the ballast layer, and is used to measure the dynamic acceleration of the ballast layer when a train passes through the track at that position; The fine particle capture device (2.2) is arranged at a position on the device body (1) corresponding to the bottom layer of the ballast layer, and is used to measure the quality of fine particle capture.

3. The device for preventing mud bubbling and bubbling of ballastless track bed layer according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The monitoring module (2) further comprises a data storage module, wherein the data storage module is used to store data monitored by the dynamic pore water pressure monitoring device (2.1), the dynamic acceleration monitoring device and the fine particle capture device (2.2).

4. The device for preventing mud bubbling and bubbling of ballastless track bed layer according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The early warning module (3) comprises a data processing and analysis module and an alarm module. The data processing and analysis module is used to analyze and process the monitoring data and predict the state of the roadbed layer. When the predicted roadbed layer state is abnormal, the alarm module sounds an alarm.

5. The device for preventing mud bubbling and bubbling of ballastless track bed layer according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The risk elimination module (4) comprises a risk elimination device, and the risk elimination device is arranged on the ballast layer; The drainage device comprises a drainage pipe (4.1) and a water collection device (4.2); the water collection device (4.2) is arranged on the ballast layer, and the water collection device (4.2) is provided with a plurality of water inlets; the drainage pipe (4.1) is connected to the water collection device (4.2) and is used to discharge the accumulated water on the ballast layer to outside the roadbed; The hazard removal device further comprises a pressurizing device, which is connected to the water collecting device (4.2) and is used to disperse fine particles gathered around the water collecting device (4.2).

6. The device for preventing mud bubbling and bubbling of ballastless track bed layer according to claim 5 is characterized in that: A plurality of air flow channels A are provided at the air outlet of the pressurizing device in the horizontal direction and in the vertical direction, respectively. The angle between two adjacent air flow channels A in the horizontal direction is 30 degrees, and the angle between two adjacent air flow channels A in the vertical direction is 30 degrees.

7. The device for preventing mud bubbling and bubbling of ballastless track bed layer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The power supply module (5) is arranged at the top of the device body (1), and comprises a solar power generation module, a wind power generation module and an energy storage module, wherein the solar power generation module and the wind power generation module are respectively connected to the energy storage module.

8. A method for preventing and controlling mud bubbling in ballastless track bed, characterized in that: The prevention and control device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is used to prevent and control mud bubbling in the ballastless track bed layer, and the specific steps are as follows: Step S1, monitoring the dynamic pore water pressure, dynamic acceleration and fine particle capture quality of the ballast layer through the monitoring module (2); Step S2, the early warning module (3) processes and analyzes the data monitored by the monitoring module (2), and predicts the roadbed layer state. When the roadbed layer state is predicted to be abnormal, the early warning module (3) enters the early warning state; Step S3: When the early warning module (3) issues an alarm, the danger removal module (4) operates to remove water from the roadbed layer; when the early warning module (3) predicts that the roadbed state has returned to a normal state, the danger removal module (4) stops operating; Step S4: repeat steps S2 and S3.

9. The method for preventing and controlling mud bubbling in ballastless track ballast bed layer according to claim 8, characterized in that: Step S2 is specifically as follows: Step S2.1, assuming that the state parameter of the ballast is x, where x is one of the pore water pressure gradient i, the dynamic acceleration a and the fine particle capture mass m, and establishing the ballast system state equation, specifically: Step S2.1.1, normalize the ballast state parameters, and the normalization equation is shown in Formula 1): In formula 1), f x is the state parameter normalization equation, x min is the minimum value of the state parameter monitored based on the mud-swelling state, x max is the maximum value of the state parameter monitored based on the mud-bubbling state, is the mean value of the monitored state parameter; Step S2.1.2, generate the track bed state function: Z x =∑P x *f x 2); In formula 2), Z x is the state equation of the ballast system, P x is the sensitivity of the measured physical quantity to the change of the ballast bed state; Among them, P x The calculation process is: pore water pressure gradient i A-B is the pore water pressure gradient between points A and B, U A is the pore water pressure at point A, U B is the pore water pressure at point B, l A-B is the distance between points A and B, and the variation range of pore water pressure gradient K i =Δi A-B / i A-B , Δi A-B is the change value of the pore water pressure gradient between points A and B; the change amplitude of dynamic acceleration K a =Δa / a, Δa is the change value of dynamic acceleration; the change amplitude of fine particle capture mass K m =Δm / m, Δm is the change value of fine particle capture mass; the change amplitude of the three parameters is normalized to find the influence of parameter change on the whole system, that is, the sensitivity P of the measured physical quantity to the change of the ballast bed state x =K x / (K i +K a +K m ), where K x Indicates the change amplitude of the measured physical quantity, that is, the change amplitude of the pore water pressure gradient K i , the change range of dynamic acceleration K a Or the variation of the fine particle capture mass K m ; Step S2.2, Initialize particle swarm: Randomly generate particle swarm Where, t represents the number of screenings, and j represents the particle number. The particle set is brought into the ballast state function to update the particle set. Step S2.3: Calculate the track bed state prediction value Z according to the particle set updated in step S2.2 g ; Step S2.4, state estimation: Update the predicted value Z g With the observed value Z c The deviation between p =|Z c -Z g |; When the predicted value Z g With the observed value Z c When the deviation between them exceeds the threshold, the early warning module is entered. At this time, the particle weight is not updated, and the particle set is continued to be used to calculate the predicted value and perform state estimation; When the predicted value Z g With the observed value Z c When the deviation between them does not exceed the threshold, the particle weight is calculated by Gaussian distribution function to screen the particle importance. In formula 3), w j is the weight of different particles, u is the mean deviation value of the particle group, and σ is the standard deviation of the particle group deviation value; Normalize the particle weights: The particles are resampled and the resampled particles are used for further prediction of the predicted values ​​and for state estimation.

10. The method for preventing and controlling mud bubbling in ballastless track ballast bed layer according to claim 9, characterized in that: The specific steps of resampling are: define the cumulative distribution function of particle weights represents the weight of the sth particle, j is 1, 2, ... n; generate uniformly distributed random numbers v1, v2, v3 ... v on [0, 1] n ; For each random number, find j such that cdf(j-1)≤v i <cdf(j), then select the particle

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