Energy supply system of air source heat pump coupled building structure for building microclimate through photovoltaic

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building energy conservation, in particular to an energy supply system of an air source heat pump coupled building structure for photovoltaic microclimate construction. Comprising an electric lifting device, a photovoltaic panel, an air source heat pump and a closing plate, wherein the photovoltaic panel is fixed on a parapet wall of a target building; the electric lifting device is mounted at the front end of the photovoltaic panel and is used for adjusting the photovoltaic panel to a set mounting angle; the closing plate is mounted at the tail end of the photovoltaic panel, and a closed interval is formed by the photovoltaic panel and the electric lifting device at the front end of the photovoltaic panel, so that a microclimate environment is formed in the closed interval; the air source heat pump is installed in the closed interval and supplies energy to the building based on the microclimate environment. According to the air source heat pump, the microclimate environment is constructed, heat emitted by the back face of the photovoltaic panel is reserved in the area to the maximum extent, the environment temperature during operation of the air source heat pump is increased, and therefore the operation efficiency of the air source heat pump is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of building energy conservation, and in particular to an energy supply system for an air source heat pump coupled building structure for photovoltaic microclimate creation. Background Art

[0002] Air source heat pumps have been widely used in the field of building heating because of their convenient installation, energy saving and environmental protection. However, the heating capacity of traditional air source heat pumps will weaken as the ambient temperature decreases. When the ambient temperature is lower than -15℃, the operation of the air source heat pump will become unfeasible, and the low-pressure protection mechanism (i.e. shutdown) of the ASHP will be triggered to prevent excessive high-low pressure ratio. Even if the air source heat pump is not shut down, its operating efficiency may drop below 1, or the outlet water temperature may not meet the heating demand. In addition, the evaporator side of the air source heat pump is prone to frost in winter, and the duration of frost is difficult to predict, which further reduces its heat transfer efficiency, resulting in the overall operating efficiency (COP) of traditional air source heat pumps in the heating season. Generally speaking, due to cost considerations in actual applications, a large number of users in hot summer and cold winter areas still choose to use traditional air source heat pumps for heating. However, as abnormal global climate changes continue to occur, the ambient temperature in winter will frequently remain at a low level, resulting in seemingly energy-saving air source heat pumps showing extremely poor energy-saving performance. In some cases, its efficiency is even worse than that of direct electric boilers. To solve this problem, existing literature mainly focuses on three areas of research: optimizing the thermodynamic cycle structure of traditional air source heat pumps, peak-shaving and valley-filling based on energy storage technology, and solar-assisted traditional air source heat pump combined heating systems. The above methods have improved the operating efficiency of air source heat pumps to varying degrees. In addition, these methods have been widely accepted by the market due to their relatively low initial investment costs. This is because these technologies only incorporate copper pipes and regulating valves into traditional air source heat pumps, thereby significantly improving their operating characteristics, for example, they can operate normally even when the ambient temperature is -15℃ or lower. However, under frequent extreme low temperature weather conditions (ambient temperature is continuously below -20℃), these technologies will continue to operate inefficiently, and even the water supply temperature may not meet the heating requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a series of new technologies to address the shortcomings of the above technologies, such as solar-assisted air source heat pump technology; the research attention of solar-assisted air source heat pumps is increasing, because this combined system is regarded as an effective solution to the problem of low efficiency of traditional air source heat pumps.

[0003] Therefore, based on previous research, in order to achieve efficient heating of air source heat pumps and further expand their application areas, the present invention proposes an economical and efficient solar direct-assisted air source heat pump combined heating system, which uses affordable polyethylene film to create a microclimate for the evaporator of the air source heat pump to improve the operating efficiency of the air source heat pump. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an energy supply system for an air source heat pump coupled building structure that creates a photovoltaic microclimate. It includes: an electric lifting device, a photovoltaic panel, an air source heat pump and a closed panel, wherein: the photovoltaic panel is fixed on the parapet of the target building; the electric lifting device is installed at the front end of the photovoltaic panel, and is used to adjust the photovoltaic panel to a set installation angle; the closed panel is installed in the gap between the photovoltaic panels and the gap with the parapet, and a closed area is formed by the photovoltaic panel and the electric lifting device at the front end of the photovoltaic panel to form a microclimate environment in the closed area; the air source heat pump is installed in the closed area, and based on the microclimate environment, the building is efficiently supplied with energy. The present invention constructs a microclimate environment to maximize the heat emitted from the back of the photovoltaic panel in this area, so as to increase the ambient temperature when the air source heat pump is running, thereby greatly improving the operating efficiency of the air source heat pump.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solution, a photovoltaic microclimate air source heat pump coupled building structure energy supply system, comprising: an electric lifting device, a photovoltaic panel, an air source heat pump and a closed panel, wherein:

[0006] The photovoltaic panels are fixed to the parapet of the target building;

[0007] The electric lifting device is installed at the front end of the photovoltaic panel and is used to adjust the photovoltaic panel to a set installation angle;

[0008] The enclosing plate is installed at the end of the photovoltaic panel, and a closed area is formed by the photovoltaic panel and the electric lifting device at the front end of the photovoltaic panel to form a microclimate environment in the closed area;

[0009] The air source heat pump is installed in the enclosed area to efficiently supply energy to the building based on the microclimate environment.

[0010] Furthermore, the set installation angle is specifically:

[0011] Obtain the geographical latitude of the area where the target building is located, and obtain the noon sun altitude of the area where the target building is located according to the geographical latitude;

[0012] The installation angle of the photovoltaic panel is obtained based on the vertical angle between the noon sun altitude and the ground.

[0013] Furthermore, the set installation angle also includes: during the non-heating period, the electric lifting device will automatically increase the angle of the photovoltaic panel by 5-30°.

[0014] Furthermore, the photovoltaic panel and the parapet are of the same size, and the interface between the photovoltaic panel and the parapet is sealed with a waterproof coating.

[0015] Furthermore, the building is efficiently supplied with energy based on the microclimate environment, including:

[0016] When there is sufficient solar energy, the photovoltaic panels generate electricity to power the air source heat pump during the day. At the same time, the air source heat pump operates efficiently in a microclimate environment with a higher temperature and stores excess electricity in the battery, or converts excess electricity into hot water and stores it in the energy storage system; at night, the energy storage system supplies energy to the building;

[0017] When solar energy is insufficient, photovoltaic panels use waste heat to create a microclimate environment, and use the power grid to power air source heat pumps, which work together with energy storage systems to provide energy in the microclimate environment.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention determines the optimal installation angle of the photovoltaic panel according to the longitude and latitude of the project location, and the photovoltaic panel, the wall on the shady side and the roof form a relatively closed area, and the heat emitted from the back of the photovoltaic panel is retained in this area to the maximum extent, so as to increase the ambient temperature during the operation of the air source heat pump, thereby providing the air source heat pump with a microclimate that can operate efficiently. At the same time, during the non-heating period, the electric lifting device will automatically increase the angle of the photovoltaic panel by 5-30° to form a chimney effect, and discharge the hot air in the closed space into the environment, avoiding the increase in summer air-conditioning load caused by the increase in building heat, greatly improving the operating efficiency of the air source heat pump, with low cost, easy implementation, and convenient maintenance, and can also ensure that the photovoltaic panels can generate the maximum possible power and obtain the most solar heat. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the energy supply system structure of an air source heat pump coupled building structure for photovoltaic microclimate creation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] In the figure: 1. Electric lifting device; 2. Photovoltaic panel; 3. Air source heat pump; 4. Enclosed panel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] A schematic diagram of a power supply system for an air source heat pump coupled building structure with photovoltaic microclimate according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown, it includes: an electric lifting device, a photovoltaic panel, an air source heat pump and a closed panel, wherein the photovoltaic panel is fixed on the parapet of the target building; the electric lifting device is installed at the front end of the photovoltaic panel, and is used to adjust the photovoltaic panel to a set installation angle; the closed panel is installed at the end of the photovoltaic panel, and a closed area is formed by the photovoltaic panel and the electric lifting device at the front end of the photovoltaic panel to form a microclimate environment in the closed area; the air source heat pump is installed in the closed area to efficiently supply energy to the building based on the microclimate environment.

[0024] In an embodiment of the present invention, before installing the photovoltaic panel, it is necessary to accurately measure the size of the roof, including the length, width, and height and width of the parapet, and at the same time determine that the size of the photovoltaic panel is the same as that of the parapet, so as to maximize the use of space and reduce gaps. Before installation, the roof of the target building needs to be waterproofed to ensure that the waterproof layer of the roof is intact, repair the damaged parts, clean the surface of the roof, and ensure that there is no debris, oil or dust. The parapet is further pre-treated, and the surface of the parapet is cleaned to ensure that it is dry and clean; if the surface of the parapet is uneven, it needs to be leveled so that the photovoltaic panel can fit tightly. At this point, the photovoltaic panel is placed in a predetermined position according to the measured data, and the photovoltaic panel is firmly fixed on the parapet using a special clamp and screws to ensure that the photovoltaic panel is stable and does not shake. At this time, the edge of the photovoltaic panel in contact with the roof is sealed with waterproof tape or waterproof paint to ensure that the sealing material fits tightly and has no gaps to prevent rainwater from penetrating. For the gaps between the photovoltaic panels, waterproof tape or waterproof paint is also used for sealing.

[0025] The present invention further determines the installation angle of the photovoltaic panel according to the geographical location of the target building. The embodiment of the present invention takes the target building in Tianjin as an example. The Tianjin area is located at 40°N. According to the calculation formula of the noon sun altitude: noon sun altitude = 90°-|local geographical latitude-the latitude of the sun's direct point at this time|, the sun is directly shining at 23°26′S on the winter solstice, then the noon sun altitude in Tianjin in winter = 90°-|40°-(-23°26′)| = 26°34′, and the installation angle of the photovoltaic panel in winter is calculated to be: 90-26°34′=64°64'; the sun is directly shining at 23°26′N on the summer solstice, and the noon sun altitude in Tianjin on that day = 90°-|40°--23°26′| = 73°26′, and the installation angle of the photovoltaic panel in summer is calculated to be: 90-73°26′=17°74'.

[0026] In winter, due to the small solar energy altitude angle, in order to achieve the maximum power generation efficiency, the installation angle of the photovoltaic panel is usually set to 64°64'. The photovoltaic panel and the wall on the shady side and the roof form a relatively closed area, which maximizes the heat emitted from the back of the photovoltaic panel to be retained in this area, so as to increase the ambient temperature during the operation of the air source heat pump, greatly improving the operating efficiency of the air source heat pump. This method can effectively solve the problem of low operating efficiency of the air source heat pump in cold areas. Since this area is not completely sealed, the problem of negative pressure is avoided. In summer, as the solar energy altitude angle increases, the photovoltaic panel reduces the inclination angle to 17°74' through the gears driven by the motor, so that the heat generated by the photovoltaic panel can be quickly dissipated, and the working environment temperature of the air source heat pump can be ensured not to be too high.

[0027] For initial investment considerations, if the electricity generated by photovoltaic power is not considered, Figure 1 The microclimate structure created by the photovoltaic panels can be completely replaced by extremely cheap thin-film plastics, and can be built on flat ground, and can also fully realize the functions of the above-mentioned microclimate.

[0028] The system operation modes for different building types in the embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0029] (1) For commercial, office, educational and other types of buildings, there are large flows of people during the day and large load demands. The operation mode is:

[0030] When there is sufficient solar energy: During the day: photovoltaic power generation + air source heat pump operate jointly, and the excess energy enters the energy storage system to maintain a smaller building load demand at night; At night: energy supply is stopped in summer, and only the energy storage system is used to supply energy to the building at a continuous small flow rate in winter. The specific storage capacity can be calculated based on the actual building load.

[0031] When solar energy is insufficient: air source heat pump combined with energy storage system continues to supply energy: (the operating mode at this time is similar to the previous three operating modes (low load, partial load and overload))

[0032] In summary, this system achieves maximum utilization of the electricity generated by solar energy, and combined with the characteristics of existing building load demand, it achieves energy storage when solar energy is sufficient and energy release when solar energy is insufficient;

[0033] (2) For civil buildings, the load is lower during the day and the load demand is higher at night.

[0034] When there is sufficient solar energy, in the summer, when no one in the building needs cooling, the electricity generated can be used to drive the compressor for cooling, which can be stored in the energy storage system and taken out when needed; in the winter, the electricity generated by solar energy can be fully utilized to drive the air source heat pump to generate more heat, and the excess heat energy can be stored in the energy storage system, and then the building can be heated at night;

[0035] The above mainly converts the photovoltaic electricity generated during the day into cold and heat for storage, or directly stores the electricity. Both methods have their own advantages. The specific storage methods are as follows:

[0036] Energy utilization ideas:

[0037] Battery energy standard: (energy storage) 384V250AH DC, which can provide 10-60kW of power at any time after being fully charged. The power range load usage (DC load or AC load) has achieved the conversion of existing energy.

[0038] Use 28V to charge 24V250AH battery packs, one for use and one for backup, and switch charging. The 3KW inverter uses the 24V 250AH battery energy to invert to achieve 3kW charging, and the 348V 10A current charges the 384V 250AH battery pack (one for use and one for backup). After continuous charging for more than 8 hours, the energy storage of the 384V DC energy pool can be used. In summary, this system realizes the maximum utilization of the electricity generated by solar energy, and combined with the characteristics of the existing building load demand, it realizes the function of storing energy when solar energy is sufficient and releasing energy when solar energy is insufficient.

[0039] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic microclimate-creating air source heat pump coupled building structure energy supply system, include: An electric lifting device, a photovoltaic panel, an air source heat pump and a closed panel, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panel is fixed on the parapet of the target building; The electric lifting device is installed at the front end of the photovoltaic panel and is used to adjust the photovoltaic panel to a set installation angle; The enclosing plate is installed at the end of the photovoltaic panel, and a closed area is formed by the photovoltaic panel and an electric lifting device at the front end of the photovoltaic panel to form a microclimate environment in the closed area; The air source heat pump is installed in the closed area to supply energy to the building based on the microclimate environment.

2. According to claim 1, a photovoltaic microclimate air source heat pump coupled building structure energy supply system, Features: The set installation angle is specifically: Obtain the geographical latitude of the area where the target building is located, and obtain the noon sun altitude of the area where the target building is located according to the geographical latitude; The installation angle of the photovoltaic panel is obtained based on the vertical angle between the noon sun altitude and the ground.

3. The energy supply system of an air source heat pump coupled to a building structure for photovoltaic microclimate creation according to claim 1, Features: The set installation angle also includes: during the non-heating period, the electric lifting device will automatically increase the angle of the photovoltaic panel by 5-30°.

4. The energy supply system of an air source heat pump coupled to a building structure for photovoltaic microclimate creation according to claim 1, Features: The total laying area of ​​the photovoltaic panels is the same as the size enclosed by the parapet, and the interface between the photovoltaic panels and the parapet is sealed with a waterproof coating.

5. The energy supply system of an air source heat pump coupled building structure for photovoltaic microclimate creation according to claim 1, Features: Energy supply for buildings based on microclimate environment, including: When there is sufficient solar energy, the photovoltaic panels generate electricity to power the air source heat pump during the day. At the same time, the air source heat pump operates efficiently in a microclimate environment with a higher temperature and stores excess electricity in the battery, or converts excess electricity into hot water and stores it in the energy storage system; at night, the energy storage system supplies energy to the building; When solar energy is insufficient, photovoltaic panels use waste heat to create a microclimate environment, and use the power grid to power air source heat pumps, which work together with energy storage systems to provide energy in the microclimate environment.

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