Multifunctional seabed shield tunnel construction period structure catastrophe test device and test method

Abstract

The invention relates to a multifunctional seabed shield tunnel construction period structure catastrophe test device and test method, and relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering. Comprising a model test box, a model tunnel, a seabed high-pressure simulation device, a shield construction tunneling device and a data acquisition system, the model test box is used for soaking the similar material to be saturated, so that a seepage field and a stress field in the model box reach an initial static equilibrium state; the seabed high-pressure simulation device is used for enabling a seepage field and a stress field in the model test box to reach a dynamic stable balance state; the model tunnel is mounted in the model test box; the shield construction tunneling device is used for excavating a model tunnel; the data acquisition system is used for acquiring basic physical parameters of the surrounding rock and the fault fracture zone tested by the triaxial compression test and recording catastrophe test data. The device can simulate the surrounding rock-lining structure catastrophe caused by duct piece crack expansion due to the influence of seabed high water pressure in the construction stage of the large-diameter seabed shield tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and in particular to a multifunctional submarine shield tunnel construction period structural disaster test device and test method. Background Art

[0002] The shield method has become the main construction method for urban subways and underwater tunnels due to its safety and efficiency. Compared with land tunnels, the construction of submarine tunnels faces more complex geological conditions, such as soft upper and hard lower composite strata, fault fracture zones, and unlimited water supply. When the shield machine passes through such strata, the shield attitude control is poor, and the jack is prone to uneven thrust, resulting in high local stress concentration in the segments, causing problems such as segment cracks, and the high osmotic pressure of the seabed will cause the initial damage of the segments to further develop, thereby affecting the construction quality of the submarine tunnel. In order to simulate the "surrounding rock-lining" structural failure caused by the high osmotic pressure of the seabed and ensure the accuracy of the test results, it is necessary not only to improve the similarity between the structure of the shield tunnel model and the actual shield segments, but also to restore the complex geological conditions. There are existing devices for simulating fluid-solid coupling model tests during the construction phase and model test devices for prefabricated faults, but there are still a series of problems that need to be solved urgently, including: (1) Most of the devices currently used to simulate fluid-solid coupling model tests during the construction phase are horseshoe-shaped tunnels, and few consider large-diameter submarine shield tunnels; (2) There are existing fluid-solid coupling model test devices for simulating crossing fault fracture zones, but most of these devices focus on the seepage characteristics of the surrounding rock during the construction period, surrounding rock damage and sudden water inrush, and do not pay attention to the initial damage and development process of the pipe segment during the construction period; (3) The tunnel models currently used in the model boxes for tunnel tests are mostly continuous Homogeneous cylinders, very few of which consider weak points such as bolt connections at the joints of tunnel segments, but none of them consider the initial damage caused by the construction stage, and most of them are used to simulate the stress characteristics of the segments during the operation stage, and do not pay attention to the initial damage during the construction period; (4) Most of the existing test devices for simulating fluid-solid coupling tunnel construction are relatively single-function and can only carry out one type of test, such as construction tests or grouting tests across fault fracture zones; (5) Most of the existing tunnel model tests do not consider the grouting reinforcement effect during the construction stage. Due to the expansion of segment damage caused by initial damage, the reinforcement effect of grouting reinforcement on the segment damage process is not considered. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a multifunctional model test box that can prefabricate fault fracture zones and a model tunnel that can prefabricate initial damage, which can better simulate the test process of structural disasters during the construction period of submarine shield tunnels under complex geological conditions.

[0003] Therefore, how to provide a multifunctional submarine shield tunnel construction period structural disaster test device and test method has become a technical problem that technical personnel in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve at least one technical problem in the background technology, the present invention provides a multifunctional submarine shield tunnel construction period structural disaster test device and test method, which can simulate the "surrounding rock-lining" structural disaster caused by the expansion of pipe segment cracks due to the influence of high seabed water pressure during the construction stage of a large-diameter submarine shield tunnel.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a multifunctional submarine shield tunnel construction period structural disaster test device, comprising: a model test box, a model tunnel, a submarine high-pressure simulation device, a shield construction excavation device and a data acquisition system;

[0006] The model test box is used to soak similar materials to saturation, so that the seepage field and stress field in the model box reach an initial static equilibrium state;

[0007] The seabed high-pressure simulation device is located on one side of the model test box and is used to make the seepage field and stress field inside the model test box reach a dynamic stable equilibrium state;

[0008] The model tunnel is installed in a model test box;

[0009] The shield construction excavation device is installed at the front side of the model tunnel and is used to excavate the model tunnel;

[0010] The data acquisition system is used to collect basic physical parameters of surrounding rocks and fault fracture zones in triaxial compression tests and record disaster test data.

[0011] Furthermore, the model test box includes a base, a metal baffle, high-strength explosion-proof tempered glass, a prefabricated fault template and high-strength rigid reinforcement ribs;

[0012] The metal baffle is arranged around the top of the base to form a cubic structure. High-strength rigid reinforcement ribs are arranged on the periphery of the metal baffle. The high-strength explosion-proof tempered glass is installed on one side of the cubic structure. The prefabricated fault template is tilted inside the cubic structure. A circular hole is cut at the front metal baffle to place the model tunnel. The model tunnel runs through the prefabricated fault template.

[0013] Furthermore, a seawater pressure simulating water inlet is arranged on the top of the model test box, and the seawater pressure simulating water inlet is used to saturate the soil in the model test box until the seawater pressure is applied.

[0014] Furthermore, the submarine high-pressure simulation device includes a support frame, a hydraulic rod and a water tank. The bottom end of the hydraulic rod is installed on the support frame, and the top end is connected to the water tank. A water tank outlet is provided at the bottom end of the water tank, and the water tank outlet is connected to a seawater pressure simulation water inlet through a rubber water pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, micro cracks are prefabricated on the model tunnel.

[0016] Furthermore, the shield construction excavation device includes a base, a safety partition, a variable frequency motor, a fixed support, a shield shell, a feed rod, a rotating shaft and a shield cutter disc; the base is equipped with a safety partition, a variable frequency motor and a fixed support, the safety partition and the fixed support are respectively located on both sides of the variable frequency motor, one end of the rotating shaft passes through the fixed support and is connected to the output end of the variable frequency motor, and the other end is connected to the shield cutter disc, the end of the shield cutter disc close to the variable frequency motor is rotatably connected to the shield shell, the feeding rod is installed on the rotating shaft, and the feeding rod is located inside the shield shell, and a plurality of grouting holes are opened on the shield cutter disc.

[0017] Furthermore, the data acquisition system includes a monitoring element, an information acquisition storage device and an information real-time display device. Monitoring elements are set for similar materials in different strata. The monitoring element is electrically connected to the information acquisition storage device, and the information acquisition storage device is electrically connected to the information real-time display device.

[0018] A multifunctional submarine shield tunnel construction period structural disaster test method, comprising the following steps:

[0019] A. Assemble the model test box, adjust the angle and fault spacing as needed, and put in the fault prefabricated template;

[0020] B. Lay similar materials and monitoring elements in different strata around the tunnel as needed, compact the similar materials in layers, and connect the monitoring elements to the information collection and storage device;

[0021] C. Preparation before excavation: Add water to the model test box, soak similar materials until saturated, make the seepage field and stress field in the model test box reach the initial static equilibrium state, and measure the initial values ​​of each monitoring element before excavation disturbance;

[0022] D. Install the seabed high-pressure simulation device: fill the water tank to the height corresponding to the simulated seabed depth, open the water valve at the water outlet of the water tank, control the water flow rate, and let the water flow into the similar materials in the model test box at a certain speed, so that the seepage field and stress inside the model test box reach a dynamic stable equilibrium state, and measure the initial values ​​of each monitoring element before excavation disturbance;

[0023] E. Install shield construction excavation device and model tunnel: According to the on-site working conditions, 3D printing technology is used to prefabricate model tunnel microcracks. Microcracks at different locations and with different degrees of damage can be prefabricated according to the actual working conditions. The printed model tunnel is installed behind the cutterhead of the shield excavation device and is ready for excavation;

[0024] F. Test conduct: open all information collection storage devices and real-time information display devices, start the shield construction excavation device, make the shield cutter head move forward at a certain excavation speed, and the data acquisition system records and saves the measured data. After the excavation is completed, separate the shield construction excavation device from the lining segment to observe the damage development of the lining under the high seabed osmotic pressure, and the data acquisition system records and saves the measured data;

[0025] G. Grouting reinforcement: Repeat steps A to F, but step F is different from the previous ones. The shield tail grouting system needs to be turned on during the excavation process. Grouting reinforcement is performed every time a certain distance is excavated. At the same time, the data acquisition system records and saves the measured data.

[0026] The present invention restores the complex geological conditions encountered in the actual submarine shield tunnel construction, restores the actual lining segment structure, and takes into account the initial segment damage caused by construction, effectively improving the accuracy of the test results, and has the following advantages:

[0027] 1. The complexity of the seabed geological environment is fully considered, and the prefabrication of fault fracture zones and the simulation of high permeability water pressure on the seabed can be realized, making the results closer to engineering practice.

[0028] 2. The 3D printing technology is used to more realistically restore the shield tunnel lining segment structure, which can realize the prefabrication of initial damage of segments in different positions and sizes.

[0029] 3. The test device fully considers the entire process of submarine tunnel construction and can be reused under various construction conditions, saving money. It can also provide a more realistic teaching platform for undergraduate teaching.

[0030] 4. The shield construction excavation device realizes the shield tail grouting simulation during the construction process, which can simulate the reinforcement effect of grouting on the initial damage of the pipe segment. At the same time, it can also simulate the diffusion mechanism of slurry in different stratum structures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the model test box of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is an exploded structural diagram of the model test box of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the submarine high-pressure simulation device of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the shield construction excavation device of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the model tunnel of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 Detailed drawing of the tunnel segment of the present invention.

[0037] Among them, in the figure:

[0038] 1. Seawater overburden pressure, 2. Seawater overburden pressure simulated water inlet, 3. High-strength rigid reinforcement ribs, 4. High-strength explosion-proof tempered glass, 5. Circular holes, 6. Base, 7. Fault position, 8. Metal baffle, 9. Fault prefabricated template, 10. Cover plate, 11. Support frame, 12. Water tank, 13. Water tank outlet, 14. Hydraulic rod, 15. Shield cutter head, 16. Feed rod, 17. Grouting hole, 18. Model tunnel, 19. Shield shell, 20. Fixed support, 21. Variable frequency motor, 22. Safety partition, 23. Base, 24. Prefabricated single crack in spandrel, 25. Prefabricated single crack in vault, 26. Prefabricated multiple cracks in vault in the middle of tunnel model, 27. Prefabricated multiple cracks in vault, 28. Tunnel segment, 29. Tunnel joint pipe wall, 30. Bolt hand hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequential order. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described here. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0041] In the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are mainly used to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to have a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0042] In addition, some of the above terms may be used to express other meanings in addition to indicating orientation or positional relationship. For example, the term "on" may also be used to express a certain dependency or connection relationship in some cases. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of these terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0043] In addition, the terms "installed", "set", "provided with", "connected", "connected", and "socketed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; it can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be an internal connection between two devices, elements, or components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0044] like Figure 1-6 As shown, the present invention provides Figure 1-6 As shown, the present invention provides a multifunctional submarine shield tunnel construction period structural disaster test device, including: a model test box, a model tunnel 18, a submarine high-pressure simulation device, a shield construction excavation device and a data acquisition system;

[0045] The model test box is used to soak similar materials to saturation, so that the seepage field and stress field in the model box reach an initial static equilibrium state;

[0046] The seabed high-pressure simulation device is located on one side of the model test box and is used to make the seepage field and stress field inside the model test box reach a dynamic stable equilibrium state;

[0047] The model tunnel 18 is installed in the model test box;

[0048] The shield construction excavation device is installed at the front side of the model tunnel 18 and is used to excavate the model tunnel 18;

[0049] The data acquisition system is used to collect basic physical parameters of surrounding rocks and fault fracture zones in triaxial compression tests and record disaster test data.

[0050] The model test box includes a base 6, a metal baffle 5, a high-strength explosion-proof tempered glass 7, a prefabricated fault template 9 and a high-strength rigid reinforcement rib 3; the metal baffle 8 is arranged around the top of the base 6 to form a cubic structure, and the high-strength rigid reinforcement rib 3 is arranged on the periphery of the metal baffle 8. The high-strength explosion-proof tempered glass 7 is installed on both sides of the cubic structure. The prefabricated fault template 9 is tilted inside the cubic structure, and a circular hole 5 is cut at 0.6m above the ground on the front metal baffle 8 to place the model tunnel 18, and the model tunnel 18 passes through the prefabricated fault template 9. A seawater overburden pressure simulation water inlet 2 is arranged on the top of the model test box, and the seawater overburden pressure simulation water inlet 2 is used to saturate the soil in the model test box until the seawater overburden pressure 1.

[0051] The subsea high pressure simulation device comprises a support frame 11, a hydraulic rod 14 and a water tank 12. The bottom end of the hydraulic rod 14 is mounted on the support frame, and the top end is connected to the water tank 12. The bottom end of the water tank 12 is provided with a water tank outlet 13, and the water tank outlet 13 is connected to the seawater pressure simulation water inlet 2 through a rubber water pipe. It can simulate the high water pressure effect and different seawater seepage speeds at a seawater depth of 0 to 48m. A flow meter and a pressure gauge are provided on the rubber water pipe to control the seepage speed and real-time pressure display.

[0052] Furthermore, microcracks are prefabricated on the model tunnel 18. The tunnel segments of the model tunnel 18 are multiple cylindrical 3D-printed hollow structures. The equivalent stiffness theory is used at the connection of each ring of tunnel segments. The 3D printing technology is used to design the slots at the joints to simulate the bolt connection of the segments. At the same time, the 3D printing technology is used to prefabricate microcracks on the tunnel segments to simulate the crack damage caused by the model tunnel 18 when it is affected by the top thrust or complex geological conditions during the construction stage.

[0053] The shield construction excavation device comprises a base 23, a safety partition 22, a variable frequency motor 21, a fixed support 20, a shield shell 19, a feed rod 16, a rotating shaft and a shield cutter head 15; the safety partition 22, the variable frequency motor 21 and the fixed support 20 are installed on the base 23, the safety partition 22 and the fixed support 20 are respectively located on both sides of the variable frequency motor 21, one end of the rotating shaft passes through the fixed support 20 and is connected to the output end of the variable frequency motor 21, and the other end is connected to the shield cutter head 15, the end of the shield cutter head 15 close to the variable frequency motor 21 is rotatably connected to the shield shell 19, the feed rod 16 is installed on the rotating shaft, and the feed rod 16 is located inside the shield shell 19, and a plurality of grouting holes 17 are opened on the shield cutter head 15, and six grouting holes 17 are arranged in this embodiment, and the grouting pipe is arranged between the model tunnel 18 and the feed rod 16. The shield construction excavation device can realize construction excavation at different excavation speeds.

[0054] The data acquisition system includes a monitoring element, an information acquisition storage device and an information real-time display device. Similar materials in different strata are provided with a monitoring element, the monitoring element is electrically connected to the information acquisition storage device, and the information acquisition storage device is electrically connected to the information real-time display device. The monitoring element includes an optical fiber displacement strain sensor.

[0055] The present invention also provides a multifunctional submarine shield tunnel construction period structural disaster test method, comprising the following steps:

[0056] A. Assemble the model test box, adjust the angle and fault spacing as needed, and put in the prefabricated fault template; specifically: stick a double-sided sponge adhesive in the model test box, attach the tempered glass lining waterproof layer to the inside, and apply glass glue to the internal joints to seal, let it stand until it is dry and stable, use the prefabricated fault template 9 to set the required fault inclination angle, thickness and other parameters, and fix the prefabricated fault template 9 with bolts.

[0057] B. Lay tunnel perimeter and monitoring elements as needed, set up key monitoring sections, compact similar materials in layers, and connect the monitoring elements to the information acquisition and storage device; similar materials in different strata include: soft soil, gravel strata, clay, and surrounding rock; specifically: fill the model box manually, and according to the actual working conditions, fill the prepared surrounding rock and fault fracture zone similar materials into the model test box in batches and quantitatively, and adopt layered compaction filling. During the layered compaction process, the monitoring elements (pore water pressure gauge, earth pressure box, optical fiber displacement sensor) are then buried in the preset monitoring section, and the monitoring elements are connected to the information acquisition and storage device. The basic physical parameters of the surrounding rock and fault fracture zone are tested by triaxial compression test to ensure that the similar materials meet the actual engineering geological conditions until the seawater covers the bottom contour line, and various data under the initial state are recorded.

[0058] C. Preparation before excavation: Add water to the model test box, soak similar materials until saturated, make the seepage field and stress field in the model test box reach the initial static equilibrium state, and measure the initial values ​​of each monitoring element before excavation disturbance;

[0059] D. Install the submarine high-pressure simulation device: fill the water tank 12 and raise it to the height corresponding to the required simulated submarine depth, open the water valve at the water tank outlet 13, control the water flow rate, and let the water flow into the similar material in the model test box at a certain speed, so that the internal seepage field and stress of the model test box reach a dynamic stable equilibrium state, and measure the initial values ​​of each monitoring element before the excavation disturbance; specifically: saturate the similar material in the model test box with water, fill the water tank 12, raise it to a suitable height by using the hydraulic rod 14, connect the water tank outlet 13 with the seawater overburden pressure simulation water inlet 2 by using a rubber water pipe, then open the water valve to add water until the bottom contour line of the seawater overburden pressure 1 is reached, and then adjust the water valve to adjust the outlet flow to the minimum to ensure that the seawater overburden pressure 1 area will not overflow within 24 hours, and the model test box is stationary for 24 hours. In this example, it is considered that water does not penetrate into the material after 24 hours of stationary, that is, saturation, so that the internal seepage field and stress of the model test box reach a dynamic stable equilibrium state, and record the initial values ​​of each monitoring element before the excavation disturbance.

[0060] E. Installing the shield construction excavation device and the model tunnel 18: According to the on-site working conditions, 3D printing technology is used to prefabricate microcracks in the model tunnel 18. Microcracks of different positions and different degrees of damage can be prefabricated according to the actual working conditions, such as the spandrel cracks 24, the single crack 25 and multiple cracks 27 on the vault, and the multiple cracks 26 on the vault at different positions of the model tunnel 18 shown in this embodiment, and the printed model tunnel 18 is installed behind the cutter head of the shield excavation device to prepare for excavation; microcracks are not limited to the vault, spandrel, arch waist and other positions, and the number is not limited to a single crack or multiple cracks, including multiple types of combined prefabricated cracks, and also including prefabricated cracks distributed in multiple places.

[0061] F. Test conduct: turn on all information collection and storage devices and real-time information display devices, start the shield construction excavation device, make the shield cutter head 15 move forward at a certain excavation speed, and the data acquisition system records and saves the measured data. After the excavation is completed, the shield construction excavation device is separated from the lining segment to observe the damage development of the lining under the high seabed osmotic pressure, and the data acquisition system records and saves the measured data;

[0062] G. Grouting reinforcement: Repeat steps A to F, but steps F is different from the previous ones. The shield tail grouting system needs to be turned on during the excavation process. Grouting reinforcement is performed every time a certain distance is excavated. At the same time, the data acquisition system records and saves the measured data (whether the grouting reinforcement process should be performed can be considered as needed).

[0063] In the above embodiment, grouting reinforcement is not considered in the construction simulation of the crack extension of the concrete lining under the high permeability seawater pressure on the seabed. The purpose of this test is to focus on observing the crack extension law and damage development trend of the concrete lining; grouting reinforcement is to evaluate the grouting repair effect after damage. Therefore, this test device includes multiple test schemes and analysis methods.

[0064] The present invention restores the complex geological conditions encountered in the construction of real submarine shield tunnels, restores the structure of the actual lining segments, and takes into account the initial segment damage caused by construction, effectively improving the accuracy of the test results, and has the following advantages: it fully considers the complexity of the submarine geological environment, can realize the prefabrication of fault fracture zones and the simulation of submarine high permeability water pressure, so that the results are closer to the actual engineering. The 3D printing technology is used to more realistically restore the structure of the shield tunnel lining segments, and the initial damage prefabrication of segments in different positions and sizes can be realized. The test device fully considers the entire process of submarine tunnel construction, and can be reused under a variety of construction conditions, saving funds, and also providing a more realistic teaching platform for undergraduate teaching. The shield construction excavation device realizes the shield tail grouting simulation during the construction process, which can simulate the reinforcement effect of grouting on the initial damage of the segments, and at the same time, it can also simulate the diffusion mechanism of slurry in different stratum structures.

[0065] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, any slight modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional submarine shield tunnel construction period structural disaster test device, characterized in that: include: Model test chamber, model tunnel, submarine high-pressure simulation device, shield construction excavation device and data acquisition system; The model test box is used to soak similar materials to saturation, so that the seepage field and stress field in the model box reach an initial static equilibrium state; The seabed high-pressure simulation device is located on one side of the model test box and is used to make the seepage field and stress field inside the model test box reach a dynamic stable equilibrium state; The model tunnel is installed in a model test box; The shield construction excavation device is installed at the front side of the model tunnel and is used to excavate the model tunnel; The data acquisition system is used to collect basic physical parameters of surrounding rocks and fault fracture zones in triaxial compression tests and record disaster test data.

2. A multifunctional submarine shield tunnel construction period structural disaster test device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The model test box includes a base, a metal baffle, high-strength explosion-proof tempered glass, a prefabricated fault template and high-strength rigid reinforcement ribs; The metal baffle is arranged around the top of the base to form a cubic structure. High-strength rigid reinforcement ribs are arranged on the periphery of the metal baffle. The high-strength explosion-proof tempered glass is installed on one side of the cubic structure. The prefabricated fault template is tilted inside the cubic structure. A circular hole is cut at the front metal baffle to place the model tunnel. The model tunnel runs through the prefabricated fault template.

3. A multifunctional submarine shield tunnel construction period structural disaster test device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The top of the model test box is provided with a seawater pressure simulating water inlet, and the seawater pressure simulating water inlet is used to saturate the soil in the model test box until the seawater pressure is applied.

4. A multifunctional submarine shield tunnel construction period structural disaster test device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The submarine high-pressure simulation device includes a support frame, a hydraulic rod and a water tank. The bottom end of the hydraulic rod is installed on the support frame, and the top end is connected to the water tank. A water tank outlet is provided at the bottom end of the water tank, and the water tank outlet is connected to a seawater pressure simulation water inlet through a rubber water pipe.

5. A multifunctional submarine shield tunnel construction period structural disaster test device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Micro cracks are prefabricated on the model tunnel.

6. A multifunctional submarine shield tunnel construction period structural disaster test device as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The shield construction excavation device includes a base, a safety partition, a variable frequency motor, a fixed support, a shield shell, a feed rod, a rotating shaft and a shield cutter disc; the safety partition, the variable frequency motor and the fixed support are installed on the base, the safety partition and the fixed support are respectively located on both sides of the variable frequency motor, one end of the rotating shaft passes through the fixed support and is connected to the output end of the variable frequency motor, and the other end is connected to the shield cutter disc, the end of the shield cutter disc close to the variable frequency motor is rotatably connected to the shield shell, the feed rod is installed on the rotating shaft, and the feed rod is located inside the shield shell, and a plurality of grouting holes are opened on the shield cutter disc.

7. A multifunctional submarine shield tunnel construction period structural disaster test device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition system includes a monitoring element, an information acquisition storage device and an information real-time display device. Monitoring elements are set for similar materials in different strata. The monitoring element is electrically connected to the information acquisition storage device, and the information acquisition storage device is electrically connected to the information real-time display device.

8. A multifunctional submarine shield tunnel construction period structural disaster test method, characterized in that: The steps include: A. Assemble the model test box, adjust the angle and fault spacing as needed, and put in the fault prefabricated template; B. Lay similar materials and monitoring elements in different strata around the tunnel as needed, compact the similar materials in layers, and connect the monitoring elements to the information collection and storage device; C. Preparation before excavation: Add water to the model test box, soak similar materials until saturated, make the seepage field and stress field in the model test box reach the initial static equilibrium state, and measure the initial values ​​of each monitoring element before excavation disturbance; D. Install the seabed high-pressure simulation device: fill the water tank to the height corresponding to the simulated seabed depth, open the water valve at the water outlet of the water tank, control the water flow rate, and let the water flow into the similar materials in the model test box at a certain speed, so that the seepage field and stress inside the model test box reach a dynamic stable equilibrium state, and measure the initial values ​​of each monitoring element before excavation disturbance; E. Install shield construction excavation device and model tunnel: According to the on-site working conditions, 3D printing technology is used to prefabricate model tunnel microcracks. Microcracks at different locations and with different degrees of damage can be prefabricated according to the actual working conditions. The printed model tunnel is installed behind the cutterhead of the shield excavation device and is ready for excavation; F. Test conduct: open all information collection storage devices and real-time information display devices, start the shield construction excavation device, make the shield cutter head move forward at a certain excavation speed, and the data acquisition system records and saves the measured data. After the excavation is completed, separate the shield construction excavation device from the lining segment to observe the damage development of the lining under the high seabed osmotic pressure, and the data acquisition system records and saves the measured data; G. Grouting reinforcement: Repeat steps A to F, but step F is different from the previous ones. The shield tail grouting system needs to be turned on during the excavation process. Grouting reinforcement is performed every time a certain distance is excavated. At the same time, the data acquisition system records and saves the measured data.

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