The invention discloses a silicon-nitrogen-phosphate coordinating flame retardant epoxy resin powder coating suitable for a steel tube and a preparation method of the silicon-nitrogen-phosphate coordinating flame retardant epoxy resin powder coating. The silicon-nitrogen-phosphate coordinating flame retardant epoxy resin powder coating is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 30-80wt% of a silicon-phosphate modified epoxy resin base material, 2-10wt% of an epoxy resin curing agent containing silicon and nitrogen, 5-15wt% of a charring agent, 5-20wt% of a foaming agent, 5-20wt% of a char forming catalyst, 0.5-2wt% of a curing accelerator, 2-10wt% of pigments and fillers and 0.1-2wt% of a flow agent and is prepared by the following steps: sequentially modifying an epoxy resin base material by organic silicon and phosphorus, and then mixing the modified epoxy resin, the epoxy resin curing agent containing silicon and nitrogen, the charring agent, the foaming agent, the char forming catalyst, the curing accelerator, the pigments and the fillers and the flow agent, wherein the oxygen index of the epoxy resin after modification and curing is higher than 33. The silicon-nitrogen-phosphate coordinating flame retardant epoxy resin powder coating is sprayed on a preheated steel tube by adopting an electrostatic spraying method, and the fire-resistant time at the high temperature of 800-1000 DEG C is longer than 2h.