Method and system for monitoring and evaluating influence of offshore wind plant operation on bird migration

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and system for monitoring and evaluating the influence of offshore wind plant operation on bird migration, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the real-time online monitoring, so as to obtain monitoring image data; sending the monitoring image data into a pre-constructed intelligent model for identification to obtain the population number and category of each bird; respectively calculating the bird density of each category in a unit area in the monitoring area; after the bird target is recognized, rectangular coordinates of the bird target in the monitoring picture are extracted to form a motion trail diagram, and the flight speed and the flight trail length of the corresponding bird are calculated; processing the calculated data in combination with a preset processing strategy to obtain a corresponding bird avoidance rate; comprehensively evaluating the influence of the operation of the offshore wind plant on bird migration based on the bird avoidance rate; the method has the beneficial effects that the cumulative influence of project operation on bird migration can be effectively and comprehensively evaluated by mastering the behavior dynamic state of the birds around the offshore wind plant in real time and based on the proposed bird avoidance rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of offshore wind farms, and in particular to a method and system for monitoring and evaluating the impact of offshore wind farm operations on bird migration. Background Art

[0002] At present, with the rapid development of offshore wind farms, the impact of offshore wind farms on the marine ecological environment, especially on bird habitats, has attracted great attention from all parties. Scientifically and accurately assessing the impact of offshore wind farm operations on bird migration is of great significance for operators to take effective intervention measures in a timely manner and for management departments to formulate supporting regulatory measures. Existing assessment methods for the impact of offshore wind farms on birds are mostly based on theoretical analysis and qualitative judgment, such as combining bird behavioral ecology (flight altitude, habitat distribution, etc.) with wind farm operation characteristics for theoretical analysis and evaluation, or deploying bird decoys around target wind farms and conducting indirect analysis through bird dynamic behavior characteristics.

[0003] However, traditional theoretical analysis and evaluation often ignores some of the positive impacts of wind farms on surrounding birds. At the same time, qualitative evaluation methods are unable to predict the impact of the continued operation of wind farms on birds. There is also a lack of consideration of the flight status of birds, which makes it impossible to fully conclude the actual impact of offshore wind farm operations on birds. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the technical defects mentioned in the background technology, an object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method and system for monitoring and evaluating the impact of offshore wind farm operations on bird migration.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for monitoring and evaluating the impact of offshore wind farm operation on bird migration, the method comprising:

[0006] Based on several pre-deployed monitoring points, real-time online monitoring of birds is carried out to obtain monitoring image data; the monitoring area covered by each monitoring point includes the area inside the wind farm and the area outside the wind farm;

[0007] The monitoring image data is sent to a pre-built intelligent model for identification and processing to obtain the population number and category of each corresponding bird, and the installation number corresponding to the monitoring device that captured the bird, the location of the bird and the time are recorded in sequence;

[0008] Calculate the bird density per unit area of ​​each category in the monitoring area;

[0009] After the bird target is identified, the rectangular coordinates of the bird in the monitoring screen are extracted according to the installation number corresponding to the monitoring equipment that records the captured bird and the location of the bird, so as to form a motion trajectory diagram of the corresponding bird, and calculate the flight speed and flight trajectory length of the corresponding bird;

[0010] The above calculated data is processed in combination with a preset processing strategy to obtain a corresponding bird avoidance rate;

[0011] Based on the bird avoidance rate, the impact of offshore wind farm operation on bird migration is comprehensively evaluated.

[0012] As a preferred implementation of the present application, the area within the wind farm includes a preset first distance outside the wind turbine to the wind farm boundary; the area outside the wind farm includes a preset second distance range extending outward from the wind farm boundary.

[0013] As a preferred implementation of the present application, the bird density per unit area in the monitoring area includes:

[0014] Calculate the bird density within a first unit area set in the wind farm area respectively;

[0015] The bird density within a second unit area set in the area outside the wind farm is calculated respectively; wherein the first unit area and the second unit area are the same or different in size.

[0016] As a specific implementation of the present application, the calculation of the flight speed and flight path length of the corresponding bird specifically includes:

[0017] First, based on the identified bird target, the rectangular coordinates and time of the target in the picture are extracted from the two consecutive frames of the recognition result, and then the Euclidean distance between adjacent points is calculated in sequence, and the flight speed in the corresponding period is calculated based on the time window;

[0018] After calculating the flight speed in each time period in turn, the average flight speed of the birds in the trajectory is obtained;

[0019] Then, based on the bird density and average flight speed of each bird in different areas, the length of its flight track per unit area is calculated.

[0020] As a specific implementation of the present application, only data of the average flight speed within a preset interval are selected for subsequent calculation of the bird avoidance rate.

[0021] As a specific implementation of the present application, the above-mentioned calculated data is processed in combination with a preset processing strategy to obtain a corresponding bird avoidance rate, specifically including:

[0022] Calculating the macro avoidance rate of a certain bird outside the wind farm and the meso avoidance rate of the bird inside the wind farm respectively; wherein the macro avoidance rate is calculated based on the first formula preset in the processing strategy; and the meso avoidance rate is calculated based on the second formula preset in the processing strategy;

[0023] The overall avoidance rate of birds relative to the wind farm is calculated by combining the macro avoidance rate and the meso avoidance rate, which is used as the final bird avoidance rate.

[0024] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a monitoring and evaluation system for the impact of offshore wind farm operation on bird migration, the system comprising:

[0025] The data acquisition module is used to perform real-time online monitoring of birds based on a number of pre-deployed monitoring points to obtain monitoring image data; wherein the monitoring area covered by each monitoring point includes the area inside the wind farm and the area outside the wind farm;

[0026] Identification processing module, used to:

[0027] The monitoring image data is sent to a pre-built intelligent model for identification and processing to obtain the population number and category of each corresponding bird, and the installation number corresponding to the monitoring device that captured the bird, the location of the bird and the time are recorded in sequence;

[0028] Calculate the bird density per unit area of ​​each category in the monitoring area;

[0029] After the bird target is identified, the rectangular coordinates of the bird in the monitoring screen are extracted according to the installation number corresponding to the monitoring equipment that records the captured bird and the location of the bird, so as to form a motion trajectory diagram of the corresponding bird, and calculate the flight speed and flight trajectory length of the corresponding bird;

[0030] Monitoring and evaluation modules for:

[0031] The above calculated data is processed in combination with a preset processing strategy to obtain a corresponding bird avoidance rate;

[0032] Based on the bird avoidance rate, the impact of offshore wind farm operation on bird migration is comprehensively evaluated.

[0033] The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0034] 1. Effectively monitor birds around offshore wind farms in real time and evaluate their avoidance rate. By grasping the dynamics of bird behavior around offshore wind farms in real time and based on the proposed bird avoidance rate, the cumulative impact of project operations on bird migration can be effectively and comprehensively evaluated;

[0035] 2. Improve the ecological and environmental supervision mechanism for offshore wind power. Through accurate data recording and analysis, it can help ecological and environmental departments and wind farm managers formulate scientific protection measures, reduce the interference and harm of wind turbines to birds, promote the coordinated development of offshore wind power and marine environmental protection, and provide a basis for making scientific decisions to reduce the negative impact of the ecological environment. At the same time, it also provides more ideas for future offshore wind power planning and project environmental assessments.

[0036] 3. Improve the operational efficiency of wind farms. Through real-time online monitoring, wind farm operators can obtain bird activity information in a timely manner, avoid equipment damage and downtime for maintenance due to bird collisions, and thus improve the operating efficiency and reliability of wind turbines. At the same time, it can also assist wind farm managers in optimizing the layout and operation strategies of wind turbines, minimize the impact on bird migration, and achieve the goal of sustainable development. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn according to the actual scale.

[0038] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for monitoring and evaluating the impact of offshore wind farm operation on bird migration provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0039] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a flight trajectory provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0040] Figure 3 A principle block diagram of a system for monitoring and evaluating the impact of offshore wind farm operations on bird migration provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] It should be understood that when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "include" and "comprises" indicate the presence of described features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0043] It should also be understood that the terms used in this specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. As used in the specification of the present invention and the appended claims, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include plural forms.

[0044] It should be further understood that the term "and / or" used in the present specification and the appended claims refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes these combinations.

[0045] As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted as "when" or "upon" or "in response to determining" or "in response to detecting," depending on the context. Similarly, the phrases "if it is determined" or "if [described condition or event] is detected" may be interpreted as meaning "upon determination" or "in response to determining" or "upon detection of [described condition or event]" or "in response to detecting [described condition or event]," depending on the context.

[0046] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this application should have the common meanings understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention belongs.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, a monitoring and evaluation method for the impact of offshore wind farm operation on bird migration provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown, and the method includes:

[0048] S101, based on a number of pre-deployed monitoring points, real-time online monitoring of birds is performed to obtain monitoring image data; wherein the monitoring area covered by each monitoring point includes an area within the wind farm and an area outside the wind farm;

[0049] S102, sending the monitoring image data to a pre-built intelligent model for identification processing, obtaining the population number and category of each corresponding bird, and recording the installation number corresponding to the monitoring device that captured the bird, the location of the bird and the time in sequence;

[0050] S103, respectively calculating the bird density per unit area of ​​each category in the monitoring area;

[0051] S104, after the bird target is identified, the rectangular coordinates of the bird in the monitoring screen are extracted according to the installation number corresponding to the monitoring device that records the captured bird and the location of the bird, so as to form a motion trajectory diagram of the corresponding bird, and calculate the flight speed and flight trajectory length of the corresponding bird;

[0052] S105, processing the above calculated data in combination with a preset processing strategy to obtain a corresponding bird avoidance rate;

[0053] S106, comprehensively evaluating the impact of offshore wind farm operations on bird migration based on the bird avoidance rate.

[0054] In the embodiment of the present invention, when deploying monitoring points, the monitoring points should cover the boundary and center of the wind farm as much as possible;

[0055] However, in the case of wind farms with irregular boundaries, the main migration routes of birds need to be fully considered when deploying monitoring points to facilitate real-time online monitoring of birds;

[0056] The monitoring equipment at the monitoring point shall be based on the monitoring equipment installed on the wind turbines, booster stations and other facilities in the offshore wind farm. When conditions are limited, the monitoring facilities built independently can be used, and there is no restriction here;

[0057] The area inside the wind farm includes a preset first distance outside the wind turbine to the wind farm boundary; the area outside the wind farm includes a preset second distance range extending outward from the wind farm boundary.

[0058] In this embodiment, an example is given in which the first distance is 10 m and the second distance is 3 km.

[0059] Carry out real-time online monitoring of birds, and the monitoring image data obtained includes monitoring images, video streams, etc.;

[0060] When applied, the video stream is stably connected to the server through a secure network device, and the intelligent model deployed on the server is used for intelligent monitoring and identification processing; and users can realize the remote login and viewing function;

[0061] The intelligent model can use a pre-trained image recognition model, such as a neural network, a support vector machine, etc.; extract the morphological features of birds from the transmitted videos and pictures and combine them with the intelligent model to realize intelligent monitoring, identification and statistics, including parameters such as population size and corresponding bird categories; at the same time, record the installation number corresponding to the camera that captures the bird image, the location of the bird (outside the wind farm / inside the wind farm), the shooting time and the weather conditions, and combine them with the pre-formed monitoring area map for subsequent processing; for a certain population of birds, calculate the bird density D per unit area inside and outside the wind farm area respectively. A (pcs / m 2 );

[0062] That is, the bird density per unit area in the monitoring area includes:

[0063] Calculate the bird density within a first unit area set in the wind farm area respectively;

[0064] Calculating the bird density within a second unit area set in the area outside the wind farm respectively; wherein the first unit area and the second unit area are the same or different in size;

[0065] It should be noted that the sizes of the first unit area and the second unit area can be customized, and can also be determined based on the monitoring range of the corresponding image camera; there is no limitation here.

[0066] Furthermore, the calculation of the flight speed and flight track length of the corresponding bird specifically includes:

[0067] First, based on the identified bird target, the rectangular coordinates and time of the target in the picture are extracted from the two consecutive frames of the recognition result, and then the Euclidean distance between adjacent points is calculated in sequence, and the flight speed in the corresponding period is calculated based on the time window;

[0068] After calculating the flight speed in each time period in turn, the average flight speed of the birds in the trajectory is obtained;

[0069] Then, based on the bird density and average flight speed of each bird in different areas, the length of its flight track per unit area is calculated.

[0070] Specifically, Figure 2 As shown, the flight trajectory of each bird is numbered and the corresponding flight speed is calculated; first, the target (i.e., the bird) is identified, and the rectangular coordinates and time (X1, Y1) / T1, (X2, Y2) / T2.....(X n , Y n ) / T n (n≥5); then calculate the Euclidean distance between adjacent points in sequence, and calculate the flight speed in the corresponding period:

[0071]

[0072] After calculating the flight speed in each time period in turn, the average flight speed of the birds in the trajectory is obtained. At the same time, in order to improve the accuracy of the evaluation, only the data whose values ​​are within the preset range are selected for the average flight speed for the subsequent bird avoidance rate calculation;

[0073] In this embodiment, only data greater than 2.77 m / s and less than 30 m / s are selected for subsequent avoidance rate calculation.

[0074]

[0075] Finally, calculate the length N of its flight trajectory within a unit area, that is,

[0076] The above-calculated data is processed in combination with a preset processing strategy to obtain a corresponding bird avoidance rate, specifically including:

[0077] Calculating the macro avoidance rate of a certain bird outside the wind farm and the meso avoidance rate of the bird inside the wind farm respectively; wherein the macro avoidance rate is calculated based on the first formula preset in the processing strategy; and the meso avoidance rate is calculated based on the second formula preset in the processing strategy;

[0078] The overall avoidance rate of birds relative to the wind farm is calculated by combining the macro avoidance rate and the meso avoidance rate, which is used as the final bird avoidance rate.

[0079] Specifically, the macro avoidance rate (EAR) of a certain bird outside the wind farm is calculated. macro ) and the mesoscopic avoidance rate (EAR) of the bird species in the wind farm meso ):

[0080] That is, the first formula;

[0081] Among them, N in is the flight track length per unit area inside the wind farm (m); N out A is the flight track length per unit area within 3 km outside the wind farm (m); in is the coverage area of ​​the entire wind farm (m 2 );A out is the coverage area of ​​the 3km area outside the wind farm (m 2 ).

[0082] That is, the second formula;

[0083] Among them, N in N is the flight track length per unit area of ​​10m outside the wind turbine (m); out S is the length of the flight trajectory per unit area from 10m outside the wind turbine to the boundary of the field (m); 10m is the coverage area of ​​the area 10m outside the fan (m 2 ), n is the number of wind turbines in the wind farm, A out is the coverage area of ​​the entire wind farm (m 2 ).

[0084] The overall avoidance rate (EAR) of birds relative to wind farms is calculated by combining macro and meso avoidance rates. overall :

[0085] EAR overall =1-((1-EAR macro )·(1-EARmeso ))

[0086] Assess the extent to which offshore wind farm operations affect bird migration. overall When EAR is ≥95%, it is considered that the impact of offshore wind farm operation on bird migration is small; when 90% ≤ EAR overall When EAR is less than 95%, it is considered that the impact of offshore wind farm operations on bird migration is moderate; when EAR overall When the value is less than 90%, it is considered that the operation of offshore wind farms has a greater impact on bird migration.

[0087] The above scheme can effectively monitor birds around offshore wind farms in real time and evaluate their avoidance rate. By grasping the dynamics of bird behavior around offshore wind farms in real time and based on the proposed bird avoidance rate, the cumulative impact of project operations on bird migration can be effectively evaluated.

[0088] Improve the ecological and environmental supervision mechanism of offshore wind power; through accurate data recording and analysis, it can help ecological and environmental departments and wind farm managers formulate scientific protection measures, reduce the interference and harm of wind turbines to birds, promote the coordinated development of offshore wind power and marine environmental protection, and provide a basis for making scientific decisions to reduce the negative impact of the ecological environment; at the same time, it also provides more ideas for future offshore wind power planning and project environmental assessments;

[0089] Improve the operational efficiency of wind farms; through real-time online monitoring, wind farm operators can obtain bird activity information in a timely manner, avoid equipment damage and downtime for maintenance due to bird collisions, thereby improving the operating efficiency and reliability of wind turbines; at the same time, it can also assist wind farm managers in optimizing the layout and operation strategies of wind turbines, minimize the impact on bird migration, and achieve the goal of sustainable development.

[0090] like Figure 3 As shown, a monitoring and evaluation system for the impact of offshore wind farm operation on bird migration provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown, and the system includes:

[0091] The data acquisition module is used to perform real-time online monitoring of birds based on a number of pre-deployed monitoring points to obtain monitoring image data; wherein the monitoring area covered by each monitoring point includes the area inside the wind farm and the area outside the wind farm;

[0092] Identification processing module, used to:

[0093] The monitoring image data is sent to a pre-built intelligent model for identification and processing to obtain the population number and category of each corresponding bird, and the installation number corresponding to the monitoring device that captured the bird, the location of the bird and the time are recorded in sequence;

[0094] Calculate the bird density per unit area of ​​each category in the monitoring area;

[0095] After the bird target is identified, the rectangular coordinates of the bird in the monitoring screen are extracted according to the installation number corresponding to the monitoring equipment that records the captured bird and the location of the bird, so as to form a motion trajectory diagram of the corresponding bird, and calculate the flight speed and flight trajectory length of the corresponding bird;

[0096] Monitoring and evaluation modules for:

[0097] The above calculated data is processed in combination with a preset processing strategy to obtain a corresponding bird avoidance rate;

[0098] Based on the bird avoidance rate, the impact of offshore wind farm operation on bird migration is comprehensively evaluated.

[0099] It should be noted that the bird density per unit area in the monitoring area includes:

[0100] Calculate the bird density within a first unit area set in the wind farm area respectively;

[0101] The bird density within a second unit area set in the area outside the wind farm is calculated respectively; wherein the first unit area and the second unit area are the same or different in size.

[0102] In this embodiment, the calculation of the flight speed and flight track length of the corresponding bird specifically includes:

[0103] First, based on the identified bird target, the rectangular coordinates and time of the target in the picture are extracted from the two consecutive frames of the recognition result, and then the Euclidean distance between adjacent points is calculated in sequence, and the flight speed in the corresponding period is calculated based on the time window;

[0104] After calculating the flight speed in each time period in turn, the average flight speed of the birds in the trajectory is obtained;

[0105] Then, based on the bird density and average flight speed of each bird in different areas, the length of its flight track per unit area is calculated.

[0106] The above-calculated data is processed in combination with a preset processing strategy to obtain a corresponding bird avoidance rate, specifically including:

[0107] Calculating the macro avoidance rate of a certain bird outside the wind farm and the meso avoidance rate of the bird inside the wind farm respectively; wherein the macro avoidance rate is calculated based on the first formula preset in the processing strategy; and the meso avoidance rate is calculated based on the second formula preset in the processing strategy;

[0108] The overall avoidance rate of birds relative to the wind farm is calculated by combining the macro avoidance rate and the meso avoidance rate, which is used as the final bird avoidance rate.

[0109] It should be noted that for a more specific description of the working process of the system embodiment, please refer to the aforementioned method embodiment part, which will not be repeated here.

[0110] The above scheme, using the quantitative evaluation based on bird tracking and monitoring data, can effectively make up for the shortcomings of existing technologies. According to the bird avoidance rate obtained based on the dynamics of bird behavior, it can more scientifically and accurately evaluate the impact of offshore wind farm operations on bird migration, and comprehensively derive the actual impact of offshore wind farm operations on birds.

[0111] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the composition and steps of each example have been generally described in terms of function in the above description. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of the present invention.

[0112] In several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system and method can also be implemented in other ways. The method embodiments described above are merely schematic, for example, each box in the flow chart or block diagram can represent a module, a program segment or a part of a code, and a part of the module, program segment or code contains one or more executable instructions for realizing the specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the box can also occur in a sequence different from that marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two consecutive boxes can actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they can sometimes be executed in the opposite order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each box in the block diagram and / or flow chart, and the combination of the boxes in the block diagram and / or flow chart can be implemented with a dedicated hardware-based system that performs a specified function or action, or can be implemented with a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0113] If the functions are implemented in the form of software function modules and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various changes and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0114] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of various equivalent modifications or replacements within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, and these modifications or replacements should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring and evaluating the impact of offshore wind farm operation on bird migration, characterized in that: The method comprises: Based on several pre-deployed monitoring points, real-time online monitoring of birds is carried out to obtain monitoring image data; the monitoring area covered by each monitoring point includes the area inside the wind farm and the area outside the wind farm; The monitoring image data is sent to a pre-built intelligent model for identification and processing to obtain the population number and category of each corresponding bird, and the installation number corresponding to the monitoring device that captured the bird, the location of the bird and the time are recorded in sequence; Calculate the bird density per unit area of ​​each category in the monitoring area; After the bird target is identified, the rectangular coordinates of the bird in the monitoring screen are extracted according to the installation number corresponding to the monitoring equipment that records the captured bird and the location of the bird, so as to form a motion trajectory diagram of the corresponding bird, and calculate the flight speed and flight trajectory length of the corresponding bird; The above calculated data is processed in combination with a preset processing strategy to obtain a corresponding bird avoidance rate; Based on the bird avoidance rate, the impact of offshore wind farm operation on bird migration is comprehensively evaluated.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The area inside the wind farm includes a preset first distance outside the wind turbine to the wind farm boundary; the area outside the wind farm includes a preset second distance range extending outward from the wind farm boundary.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The bird density per unit area in the monitoring area includes: Calculate the bird density within a first unit area set in the wind farm area respectively; The bird density within a second unit area set in the area outside the wind farm is calculated respectively; wherein the first unit area and the second unit area are the same or different in size.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The calculation of the flight speed and flight track length of the corresponding bird specifically includes: First, based on the identified bird target, the rectangular coordinates and time of the target in the picture are extracted from the two consecutive frames of the recognition result, and then the Euclidean distance between adjacent points is calculated in sequence, and the flight speed in the corresponding period is calculated based on the time window; After calculating the flight speed in each time period in turn, the average flight speed of the birds in the trajectory is obtained; Then, based on the bird density and average flight speed of each bird in different areas, the length of its flight track per unit area is calculated.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that For the average flight speed, only data whose values ​​are within a preset interval are selected for subsequent bird avoidance rate calculation.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The above-calculated data is processed in combination with a preset processing strategy to obtain a corresponding bird avoidance rate, specifically including: Calculating the macro avoidance rate of a certain bird outside the wind farm and the meso avoidance rate of the bird inside the wind farm respectively; wherein the macro avoidance rate is calculated based on the first formula preset in the processing strategy; and the meso avoidance rate is calculated based on the second formula preset in the processing strategy; The overall avoidance rate of birds relative to the wind farm is calculated by combining the macro avoidance rate and the meso avoidance rate, which is used as the final bird avoidance rate.

7. A monitoring and evaluation system for the impact of offshore wind farm operation on bird migration, characterized in that: The system comprises: The data acquisition module is used to perform real-time online monitoring of birds based on a number of pre-deployed monitoring points to obtain monitoring image data; wherein the monitoring area covered by each monitoring point includes the area inside the wind farm and the area outside the wind farm; Identification processing module, used to: The monitoring image data is sent to a pre-built intelligent model for identification and processing to obtain the population number and category of each corresponding bird, and the installation number corresponding to the monitoring device that captured the bird, the location of the bird and the time are recorded in sequence; Calculate the bird density per unit area of ​​each category in the monitoring area; After the bird target is identified, the rectangular coordinates of the bird in the monitoring screen are extracted according to the installation number corresponding to the monitoring equipment that records the captured bird and the location of the bird, so as to form a motion trajectory diagram of the corresponding bird, and calculate the flight speed and flight trajectory length of the corresponding bird; Monitoring and evaluation modules for: The above calculated data is processed in combination with a preset processing strategy to obtain a corresponding bird avoidance rate; Based on the bird avoidance rate, the impact of offshore wind farm operation on bird migration is comprehensively evaluated.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that The bird density per unit area in the monitoring area includes: Calculate the bird density within a first unit area set in the wind farm area respectively; The bird density within a second unit area set in the area outside the wind farm is calculated respectively; wherein the first unit area and the second unit area are the same or different in size.

9. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that The calculation of the flight speed and flight track length of the corresponding bird specifically includes: First, based on the identified bird target, the rectangular coordinates and time of the target in the picture are extracted from the two consecutive frames of the recognition result, and then the Euclidean distance between adjacent points is calculated in sequence, and the flight speed in the corresponding period is calculated based on the time window; After calculating the flight speed in each time period in turn, the average flight speed of the birds in the trajectory is obtained; Then, based on the bird density and average flight speed of each bird in different areas, the length of its flight track per unit area is calculated.

10. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that The above-calculated data is processed in combination with a preset processing strategy to obtain a corresponding bird avoidance rate, specifically including: Calculating the macro avoidance rate of a certain bird outside the wind farm and the meso avoidance rate of the bird inside the wind farm respectively; wherein the macro avoidance rate is calculated based on the first formula preset in the processing strategy; and the meso avoidance rate is calculated based on the second formula preset in the processing strategy; The overall avoidance rate of birds relative to the wind farm is calculated by combining the macro avoidance rate and the meso avoidance rate, which is used as the final bird avoidance rate.

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