Application of sophora alopecuroide in regulating and controlling content of polyunsaturated fatty acid in animal meat

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of animal breeding and animal feed, and particularly relates to application of sophora alopecuroide in regulating and controlling the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid in animal meat. It is found that the sophora alopecuroide is added into the animal feed, so that the composition of fatty acid in animal meat including sheep is improved, the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is increased, the ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is reduced, the nutritional value of the animal meat is increased, and the nutritional requirements of the human body are better met. Moreover, the method for regulating and controlling the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the animal meat by using sophora alopecuroide has obvious effects, is easy to popularize, and has important significance in the aspect of improving the quality of the animal meat.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of animal breeding and animal feed, and particularly relates to application of bitter beans in regulating the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat. Background Art

[0002] With the development of intensive farming, the original grazing feeding mode has been transformed into a stall feeding mode. The change in feeding mode has changed the composition of mutton, mainly manifested in the increase of fat content in mutton muscle and the increase of the ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

[0003] Lamb is generally considered a healthy food because its fat contains conjugated linoleic acid and a variety of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which play an important role in preventing cardiovascular diseases and improving human health. Generally, polyunsaturated fatty acids in lamb are divided into two categories, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-6 ​​polyunsaturated fatty acids. Among them, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids mainly include α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids include linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. These fatty acids play an important role in human health, especially in cardiovascular health, brain and nervous system development, immune system function, etc. The Chinese Dietary Reference Intake stipulates that the daily intake of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids should be between 4 and 6. People who have a high n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid / n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio diet for a long time will have a significantly increased risk of suffering from a variety of chronic diseases, such as obesity, disrupted intestinal flora, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, it is very necessary to reduce the ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from the dietary source.

[0004] However, research has found that after sheep are switched from grazing to stall feeding, the ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the muscles of sheep fed with grains and hay can reach 14-16, while the ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the muscles of sheep grazed on natural grasslands is generally 7-8. It can be seen that the existing stall feeding model significantly increases the ratio of the two types of fatty acids in the muscles of sheep, and how to reduce the ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the muscles of sheep has become a difficult problem that needs to be solved urgently in this field. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an application of bitter beans in regulating the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat. Feeding animals with the bitter beans can effectively improve the ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids / n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat, increase the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and achieve the effect of improving the fatty acid composition of animal muscle.

[0006] The present invention provides the use of bitter beans in regulating the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat; the regulation of the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat comprises one or both of the following two items:

[0007] 1) Reduce the ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat;

[0008] 2) Increase the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat.

[0009] Preferably, the sophora alopecuroides comprises sophora alopecuroides seeds.

[0010] The invention also provides an animal feed, comprising a basic diet and sophora alopecuroides; the mass of the sophora alopecuroides is 0.5% of the mass of the basic diet.

[0011] Preferably, the basal diet comprises an energy component, a protein component and a fiber component.

[0012] Preferably, the basic daily diet includes refined grains and coarse grains, and the mass ratio of the refined grains to the coarse grains is 1:1.

[0013] The present invention also provides the use of the animal feed described in the above technical solution in regulating the polyunsaturated fatty acid content in animal meat, wherein the regulating the polyunsaturated fatty acid content in animal meat comprises one or both of the following two items:

[0014] 1) Reduce the ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat;

[0015] 2) Increase the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat.

[0016] Preferably, the use comprises: feeding an animal with the animal feed.

[0017] Preferably, the animals comprise forage animals.

[0018] Preferably, the meat comprises muscle meat.

[0019] Beneficial effects:

[0020] The present invention provides the use of bitter beans in regulating the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat; the regulation of the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat includes one or both of the following two items: 1) reducing the ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids / n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat; 2) increasing the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat. The present invention finds that adding bitter beans to animal feed helps to improve the composition of fatty acids in animal meat including sheep, increase the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, reduce the ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids / n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, help improve the nutritional value of animal meat, and better meet the nutritional needs of the human body. In addition, the present invention has an obvious effect in regulating the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat by bitter beans, is easy to promote, and is of great significance in improving the quality of animal meat. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention provides the use of bitter beans in regulating the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat; the regulation of the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat comprises one or both of the following two items:

[0022] 1) Reduce the ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat;

[0023] 2) Increase the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat.

[0024] The sophora alopecuroides described in the present invention preferably include sophora alopecuroides seeds. Increasing the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat described in the present invention preferably includes increasing the content of one or more of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, α-linolenic acid and eicosatrienoic acid, and further preferably includes increasing the content of eicosapentaenoic acid and / or docosahexaenoic acid, and more preferably increasing the content of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. The animal described in the present invention preferably includes forage animals, more preferably sheep, further preferably meat sheep, and more preferably sheep meat sheep; the sheep is preferably a shed-fed sheep. The meat described in the present invention preferably includes muscle. When the animal is a sheep, the meat is preferably back muscle, and more preferably the longissimus dorsi muscle of the sheep.

[0025] The present invention also provides an animal feed, comprising a basic diet and sophora alopecuroides; the mass of the sophora alopecuroides is preferably 0.5% of the mass of the basic diet. The sophora alopecuroides described in the present invention are preferably sophora alopecuroides seeds. The basic diet described in the present invention preferably comprises energy components, protein components and fiber components, and further comprises refined grains and coarse grains, and the mass ratio of the refined grains to the coarse grains is preferably 1:1. The basic diet described in the present invention preferably comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 32% corn, 4% soybean meal, 11% corn distiller's grains, 3% premix, 40% alfalfa and 10% corn stalks. The present invention has no special limitation on the source and composition of the premix, and the conventional premix composition in the art can be used. The present invention has no special limitation on the preparation method of the feed, and the raw materials can be conventionally mixed.

[0026] The present invention also provides the use of the animal feed described in the above technical solution in regulating the polyunsaturated fatty acid content in animal meat, wherein the regulating the polyunsaturated fatty acid content in animal meat includes one or both of the following two items: 1) reducing the ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids / n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat; 2) increasing the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat.

[0027] Increasing the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat of the present invention preferably includes increasing the content of one or more of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, α-linolenic acid and eicosatrienoic acid, and further preferably includes increasing the content of eicosapentaenoic acid and / or docosahexaenoic acid, and more preferably increasing the content of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. The animal of the present invention preferably includes sheep, more preferably mutton sheep, more preferably sheep mutton sheep; the sheep is preferably a shed-fed sheep. The meat of the present invention preferably includes muscle. When the animal is a sheep, the meat is preferably back muscle, and more preferably the longissimus dorsi muscle of the sheep.

[0028] The application of the present invention preferably includes: feeding animals with the animal feed. The feeding method of the present invention preferably includes a large-scale indoor feeding mode.

[0029] The present invention finds that adding bitter beans to animal feed is helpful to improve the fatty acid composition in animal meat including sheep, increase the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, reduce the ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and help improve the nutritional value of animal meat, which is more in line with human nutritional needs.

[0030] In order to further illustrate the present invention, the technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] An animal feed consists of a basic diet and 0.5% of the mass of the basic diet of sophora alopecuroides seeds. The composition of the basic diet is shown in Table 1.

[0033] Table 1 Composition of basal diet (dry matter basis)

[0034]

[0035] The formula provides that each kilogram of dry matter contains the following nutrients: complex vitamins 3.5g (vitamin A115000IU, vitamin D327000IU, vitamin E 52500IU, niacinamide 192.5mg), copper 60mg, iron 220mg, zinc 120mg, manganese 100mg, iodine 45mg, selenium 30mg, and cobalt 25mg.

[0036] The preparation method of animal feed is as follows: the basic diet and the sophora alopecuroides seed powder, wherein the particle size of the sophora alopecuroides seed powder is less than or equal to 60 meshes, are mixed evenly according to the above formula to obtain the animal feed.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] The animal experiment verified the effect of the animal feed on the polyunsaturated fatty acid content in animal meat in Example 1, and the steps were as follows:

[0039] Twenty-four healthy weaned mutton lambs of three months old, similar in weight, were selected and divided into two groups, a control group and a test group, each group of 12, half male and half female. The control group was fed with the basal diet in Example 1, and the test group was fed with the animal feed in Example 1, and the diet was fed according to the NRC 2007 diet standard, the standard was selected as 200 g daily weight gain, 30 kg body weight, and the feeding amount was about 1.5 kg.

[0040] The pens were disinfected before the experiment and the sheep were allowed to adapt to the pens 7 days in advance. During the adaptation period, the diet of the experimental group was gradually replaced with the experimental diet. After feeding for 3 months, 12 sheep in each group were slaughtered and the longest back muscle of the sheep was taken for determination of nutritional composition and meat quality.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] The effect of adding bitter bean seeds to the basic diet on the slaughter performance of mutton sheep is as follows:

[0043] After feeding for 3 months, the mutton sheep in the control group and the test group in Example 2 were transported to the slaughterhouse, fasted for 24 hours, deprived of water for 12 hours, slaughtered using the slaughter process, and the slaughter performance was measured. The live weight before slaughter is the weight after fasting and deprivation of water, and the carcass weight is the weight of the mutton sheep after removing the head, hoof, skin, tail, viscera (except kidneys), and repeated bleeding. The bone weight is the weight after removing the mutton sheep's spine weight and the attached muscle tissue such as the left leg bone and ribs, and the total bone weight is the spine weight and twice the left bone weight. The net meat amount is the carcass weight minus the bone weight, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0044] Table 2 Effect of adding bitter bean seeds on slaughter performance of mutton sheep

[0045] project Experimental Group Control group SEM Significance Live weight before slaughter, kg 37.73 35.65 1.018 1.000 Carcass weight, kg 19.15 17.77 0.519 0.963 Head weight, kg 2.08 2.15 0.097 0.616 Hoof weight, kg 0.80 0.75 0.028 0.885 Tare weight, kg 4.56 4.93 0.385 0.942 GR, cm 13.63 12.55 0.981 0.432 Bone weight, kg 2.13 2.06 0.068 1.000 Slaughter rate, % 50.75 49.90 0.004 0.953 Net meat rate, % 39.43 38.38 0.005 0.991 Meat-to-bone ratio, kg / kg 3.54 3.38 0.101 0.971

[0046] Note: The data in Table 2 are the average values ​​of each group. A significance value less than 0.05 indicates that there is a significant difference between the two groups, and a significance value greater than 0.05 indicates that there is no significant difference.

[0047] It can be concluded from Table 2 that there is no significant difference in the slaughter performance of mutton sheep between the experimental group with added bitter bean seeds and the control group, that is, the addition of bitter bean seeds has no significant effect on the slaughter performance of mutton sheep.

[0048] Example 4

[0049] The effect of adding bitter beans to the diet on the muscle color and pH of mutton sheep is as follows:

[0050] In Example 3, the pH value and meat color of the longissimus dorsi muscle sample of the mutton sheep were measured for the first time within 45 minutes after slaughter; then the pH value and meat color were measured again after being stored at 4°C for 24 hours. The sample pH values ​​of three sample parts (three parallel tests) were measured using a Testo 205 pH meter (automatic temperature compensation function, TestoSE Co.Titisee, Germany), and the pH meter was inserted into the center of the muscle sample 45 minutes and 24 hours after slaughter. The color of the muscle sample was measured using an NS800 colorimeter (3nh Co. Shenzhen, Guangdong, China), and the instrument was equipped with a D-65 light source, a 10° standard observer, an 8mm aperture, and a closed cone. The colorimeter was calibrated using a standard white plate according to the CIE-LAB system. The color parameters were expressed as brightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*), and were measured three times at 45min and 24h. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0051] Table 3 Effects of adding bitter bean seeds on pH and meat color of longissimus dorsi muscle of mutton sheep

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] Note: The data in Table 2 are the average values ​​of each group. A significance value less than 0.05 indicates that there is a significant difference between the two groups, and a significance value greater than 0.05 indicates that there is no significant difference.

[0055] It can be concluded from Table 3 that there is no significant difference in the post-slaughter pH value and meat color of the longissimus dorsi muscle of mutton sheep between the experimental group with added sophora alopecuroides seeds and the control group. It can be seen that the addition of sophora alopecuroides seeds has no significant effect on the post-slaughter pH value and meat color of the longissimus dorsi muscle of mutton sheep.

[0056] Example 5

[0057] The effect of adding bitter beans to the diet on the fatty acid composition of mutton sheep muscle is as follows:

[0058] The content of fatty acids in the longissimus dorsi muscle of the mutton sheep in the test group and the control group after slaughter of the mutton sheep in Example 3 was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GC-MS, using 1 mL C11:0 (1.0 mg / mL) as the internal standard for determination. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0059] Table 4 Effect of adding bitter bean seeds on fatty acids in longissimus dorsi muscle of mutton sheep (unit: mg / g)

[0060] project Experimental Group Control group SEM Significance SUM 118.92 108.33 9.360 0.583 n-3 0.92 0.64 0.045 0.001 n-6 7.40 7.50 0.332 0.876 n-6 / n-3 8.05 11.81 0.473 <0.001 PUFA 8.35 8.17 0.360 0.806 MFA 56.42 51.38 4.498 0.587 SFA 54.15 48.78 4.669 0.577

[0061] Note: The data in Table 2 are the average values ​​of each group. A significance value less than 0.05 indicates a significant difference between the two groups, and a significance value greater than 0.05 indicates no significant difference. SUM indicates the total content of fatty acids.

[0062] It can be concluded from Table 4 that the experimental group supplemented with Sophora alopecuroides seeds significantly increased the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the longissimus dorsi muscle of mutton sheep, and significantly reduced the ratio of n-6 / n-3 fatty acids.

[0063] Comparative Example 1

[0064] An animal feed, which is different from Example 1 in that the bitter bean is replaced with astragalus polysaccharide (the purity of astragalus polysaccharide is greater than 98%).

[0065] Comparative Example 2

[0066] An animal feed, which is different from Example 1 in that the bitter bean is replaced with wolfberry polysaccharide (the purity of wolfberry polysaccharide is greater than 80%).

[0067] Comparative Example 3

[0068] An animal feed, which is different from Example 1 in that the bitter bean is replaced with glycyrrhetinic acid.

[0069] Comparative Example 4

[0070] An animal feed, which is different from Example 1 in that the bitter bean is replaced by Caragana korshinskii.

[0071] Example 6

[0072] 72 healthy weaned mutton lambs of three months old, similar in weight were selected and divided into 6 groups, each with 12 lambs, half male and half female. The experiment was divided into a control group and a bitter bean group, an astragalus polysaccharide group, a wolfberry polysaccharide group, a glycyrrhizic acid group and a caragana group. The control group was fed with a basal diet, and the bitter bean group, the astragalus polysaccharide group, the wolfberry polysaccharide group, the glycyrrhizic acid group and the caragana group were fed with the animal feeds in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4, respectively. The sties were disinfected before the experiment, and the sties were adapted to the sties 7 days in advance. During the adaptation period, the diet was gradually replaced with the experimental diet. After feeding for 3 months, 12 mutton sheep were selected from each group for slaughter, and the longest back muscle of the mutton sheep was taken to determine the fatty acid composition. The determination method was the same as in Example 5, and the results are shown in Table 5.

[0073] Table 5 Effects of different plants and plant extracts on fatty acid composition of Tan sheep muscle

[0074]

[0075]

[0076] Note: Different letters in Table 5 indicate significant differences, P < 0.05.

[0077] It can be concluded from Table 5 that compared with astragalus polysaccharides, wolfberry polysaccharides, glycyrrhizic acid, Caragana korshinskii, and Sophora alopecuroides can significantly improve the ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids / n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat, increase the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and achieve the effect of improving the fatty acid composition of animal muscle.

[0078] It can be concluded from the above embodiments that the present invention feeds animals with the bitter beans, which can effectively improve the ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids / n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat, increase the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and achieve the effect of improving the fatty acid composition of animal muscle.

[0079] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Use of bitter beans in regulating the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat, wherein the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat is regulated by one or both of the following: 1) Reduce the ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat; 2) Increase the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sophora alopecuroides includes sophora alopecuroides seeds.

3. An animal feed, characterized in that: The method comprises a basic diet and bitter beans; the mass of the bitter beans is 0.5% of the mass of the basic diet.

4. The animal feed according to claim 3, characterized in that The basic diet includes an energy component, a protein component and a fiber component.

5. The animal feed according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that The basic daily diet includes refined grains and coarse grains, and the mass ratio of the refined grains to the coarse grains is 1:

1.

6. Use of the animal feed according to any one of claims 3 to 5 in regulating the polyunsaturated fatty acid content in animal meat, wherein the polyunsaturated fatty acid content in animal meat is regulated by one or both of the following: 1) Reduce the ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat; 2) Increase the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal meat.

7. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that: The application comprises: feeding animals with the animal feed.

8. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 2, 6 to 7, characterized in that: The animals include grazing animals.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that: The meat includes muscle meat.

Images