Antibacterial plaster and preparation process thereof
By using medical grade polyvinyl alcohol/nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer and antibacterial active ingredients in the application, the problem of insufficient antibacterial performance of existing application is solved, and better wound healing and scar repair effects are achieved, significantly improving the effect of Antibacterial durability and pressure ulcer care effects.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411353680.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-26
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-24
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
The existing application is insufficient in antibacterial performance and continuous action time, and has poor effect on bedsore healing and scar repair, which cannot effectively prevent adhesions and inhibit infection.
Antibacterial active ingredients-sustaining release dressings of medical grade polyvinyl alcohol/nano zinc oxide particles fiber matrix layer combined with soluble soybean polysaccharide, pomegranate peel extract and silver ion sodium alginate, and antibacterial patches are prepared by electrospinning to ensure the application. The skin-friendly and lasting antibacterial effect of the patch.
It significantly improves the antibacterial durability of the application, promotes wound healing, inhibits scar hyperplasia, prevents adhesions and infections, significantly shortens the wound healing time, and provides good pressure ulcer care effects.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of medical dressings, and in particular relates to an antibacterial dressing and a preparation process thereof. Background Art
[0002] Bedsores are a common external injury to the human body. They not only damage the skin, but also cause serious systemic reactions. Especially for large-area bedsores, the systemic reactions are particularly severe. Therefore, correct early treatment of bedsore wounds is a key measure to prevent infection.
[0003] The traditional treatment method for bedsore wounds is to use dry gauze or oil gauze for bandaging. It only covers the wound, but does not promote wound healing. It has limited exudate repair ability, adheres to the wound, re-damages the new epithelial tissue and causes bleeding. The patient will feel pain after changing the dressing. Although oil gauze does not adhere to the wound, it does not promote the entire healing process of the wound, is ineffective for infected wounds, and has limited exudate management ability.
[0004] Medical dressings are medical products that come into direct contact with human skin. They can shorten wound healing time, relieve patients' pain, promote better wound healing, and are breathable and moisturizing. However, the antibacterial properties of existing dressings need to be further improved, and the duration of their antibacterial effects also needs to be optimized. They do not have the effect of treating pressure sores, and there is still room for multi-level technical research and development in preventing adhesion of wounds, inhibiting the proliferation of scars, and lightening, whitening, and repairing wounds. Summary of the invention
[0005] The present invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an antibacterial dressing and its preparation process, which has outstanding and lasting antibacterial effect, good skin affinity, safety to the human body, no adhesion to bedsore tissue, anti-inflammatory, hemostasis, promotion of wound healing and repair of wound surface. To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: An antibacterial dressing, comprising: a base backing, one side of which is sequentially connected with a medical-grade polyvinyl alcohol / nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer, an antibacterial active ingredient-sustained-release dressing substrate layer and a release film by an adhesive; Among them, the antibacterial active ingredient-sustained release dressing includes the following components by weight: 3 to 5 parts of soluble soybean polysaccharide, 10 to 20 parts of pomegranate peel extract, and 8 to 12 parts of silver ion sodium alginate.
[0006] In a preferred example, the method for preparing the soluble soybean polysaccharide comprises the following steps: Weigh soybean residue with a moisture content of ≤10%, add phosphate buffer according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1g:15mL~20mL, soak for 6h~12h, centrifuge to remove the upper layer, then add 50% NaOH-ethanol solution, extract in a 95℃ water bath for 4h~6h, centrifuge to obtain the upper clear liquid, freeze-dry, and obtain soluble soybean polysaccharide.
[0007] In a preferred example, the method for preparing the pomegranate peel extract comprises the following steps: Weigh pomegranate peel, dry at 50°C, and crush through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain pomegranate peel powder; Then, 60% ethanol was added according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1g:15mL-25mL, and ultrasonic extraction was performed at 250W-300W for 40min-60min. The mixture was degassed, centrifuged to obtain the supernatant, concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain the pomegranate peel extract.
[0008] In a preferred example, the centrifugal rotation speed is 3000 r / min to 5000 r / min.
[0009] Based on a general inventive concept, another object of the present invention is to provide a preparation process of the above-mentioned antibacterial dressing, comprising the following steps: (1) Preparation of medical grade polyvinyl alcohol / nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer S1. Weigh medical grade polyvinyl alcohol, stir at 85°C for 6 h, and dissolve it in double distilled water to prepare a 45 mg / mL PVA solution; S2. Add nano zinc oxide particles to the PVA solution prepared in step S1, and stir magnetically at room temperature for 12 h to 18 h to prepare a nano spinning solution; S3. The nano-spinning solution in step S2 is made into a medical grade polyvinyl alcohol / nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer by electrospinning; (2) stirring and mixing the soluble soybean polysaccharide, pomegranate peel extract and silver ion sodium alginate to form an antibacterial active ingredient-sustained release dressing; According to 0.1g / m 2 ~0.3g / m 2 The antibacterial active ingredient-sustained-release dressing is coated on the medical-grade polyvinyl alcohol / nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer in a coating amount to form an antibacterial active ingredient-sustained-release dressing substrate layer; (3) On one side of the base backing, a medical-grade polyvinyl alcohol / nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer, an antibacterial active ingredient-sustained-release dressing substrate layer and a release film are sequentially connected by an adhesive to prepare an antibacterial dressing.
[0010] In a preferred example, the particle size of the nano zinc oxide particles is 20 nm to 40 nm.
[0011] In a preferred example, the base backing is one of medical non-woven fabrics or polyurethane; the release film is one of pearlescent film, PVC film or PE film, and the adhesive is acrylate.
[0012] The nanofibers prepared by the electrospinning method of the present invention can promote wound closure and reconstruction, inhibit suppuration and ulceration of bedsores, have high tensile strength, good swelling properties, and obvious nursing effects for bedsores, which may be related to the activation of the TGF / Smad signaling pathway; the coagulation index is about 51.9%, showing a good hemostatic effect; the synergistic antibacterial active ingredient-slow-release dressing has the effect of inhibiting scar proliferation and repairing wound skin color, which may be related to the inhibitory effect of the antibacterial active ingredient composition on tyrosinase activity; Compared with the prior art, the dressing prepared by the present invention has outstanding and lasting antibacterial effect, the material has good skin affinity, is safe to the human body, does not adhere to bedsore tissue, and can reduce inflammation, stop bleeding, promote wound healing and repair wound surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. It should be noted that, under the premise of not conflicting, the embodiments described below or the technical features can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments. In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all parts and percentages are mass units, and the equipment and raw materials used can be purchased from the market or are commonly used in the art. The methods in the following embodiments, if not otherwise specified, are conventional methods in the art.
[0014] As used herein, the terms "comprises," "including," "contains," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the listed elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.
[0015] When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, a preferred range, or a range limited by a series of upper preferred values and lower preferred values, this should be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed by any pairing of any range upper limit or preferred value with any range lower limit or preferred value, regardless of whether the range is disclosed separately. For example, when a range of "1 to 5" is disclosed, the described range should be interpreted as including a range of "1 to 4", "1 to 3", "1 to 2", "1 to 2 and 4 to 5", "1 to 3 and 5" etc. When a numerical range is described in this article, unless otherwise specified, the range is intended to include its end values and all integers and fractions within the range.
[0016] Example 1
[0017] An antibacterial dressing comprises: a base backing, one side of which is sequentially connected with a medical-grade polyvinyl alcohol / nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer, an antibacterial active ingredient-sustained-release dressing substrate layer and a release film by an adhesive; wherein the antibacterial active ingredient-sustained-release dressing comprises the following components by weight: 4 parts of soluble soybean polysaccharide, 15 parts of pomegranate peel extract, and 10 parts of silver ion sodium alginate.
[0018] The method for preparing the soluble soybean polysaccharide comprises the following steps: Weigh soybean residue with a moisture content of ≤10%, add phosphate buffer according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1g:17mL, soak for 9h, centrifuge at 4000r / min to remove the upper layer, then add 50% NaOH-ethanol solution, extract in a 95℃ water bath for 5h, centrifuge at 4000r / min to take the upper clear liquid, freeze-dry, and obtain soluble soybean polysaccharide.
[0019] The preparation method of the pomegranate peel extract comprises the following steps: Weigh pomegranate peel, dry at 50°C, and crush through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain pomegranate peel powder; Then, 60% ethanol was added according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g:20 mL, ultrasonic extraction was performed at 268 W for 50 min, degassing was performed, the supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 4000 r / min, and the supernatant was concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain the pomegranate peel extract.
[0020] The preparation process of the antibacterial patch comprises the following steps: (1) Preparation of medical grade polyvinyl alcohol / nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer S1. Weigh medical grade polyvinyl alcohol, stir at 85°C for 6 h, and dissolve it in double distilled water to prepare a 45 mg / mL PVA solution; S2. Add nano zinc oxide particles having a particle size of about 30 nm to the PVA solution prepared in step S1, and stir magnetically at room temperature for 15 h to prepare a nano spinning solution; S3. The nano-spinning solution in step S2 is made into a medical grade polyvinyl alcohol / nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer by electrospinning; (2) stirring and mixing the soluble soybean polysaccharide, pomegranate peel extract and silver ion sodium alginate to form an antibacterial active ingredient-sustained release dressing; According to 0.2g / m 2 The antibacterial active ingredient-sustained-release dressing is coated on the medical-grade polyvinyl alcohol / nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer in a coating amount to form an antibacterial active ingredient-sustained-release dressing substrate layer; (3) On one side of the base backing, a medical-grade polyvinyl alcohol / nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer, an antibacterial active ingredient-sustained-release dressing substrate layer and a release film are sequentially connected by an adhesive to prepare an antibacterial dressing.
[0021] Wherein, the base backing is a medical non-woven fabric, the release film is a PVC film, and the adhesive is acrylate.
[0022] Example 2
[0023] An antibacterial dressing comprises: a base backing, one side of which is sequentially connected with a medical-grade polyvinyl alcohol / nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer, an antibacterial active ingredient-sustained-release dressing substrate layer and a release film by an adhesive; wherein the antibacterial active ingredient-sustained-release dressing comprises the following components by weight: 5 parts of soluble soybean polysaccharide, 10 parts of pomegranate peel extract, and 12 parts of silver ion sodium alginate.
[0024] The method for preparing the soluble soybean polysaccharide comprises the following steps: Weigh soybean residue with a moisture content of ≤10%, add phosphate buffer according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1g:20mL, soak for 6h, centrifuge at 5000r / min to remove the upper layer, then add 50% NaOH-ethanol solution, extract in a 95℃ water bath for 6h, centrifuge at 3000r / min to take the upper clear liquid, freeze-dry, and obtain soluble soybean polysaccharide.
[0025] The preparation method of the pomegranate peel extract comprises the following steps: Weigh pomegranate peel, dry at 50°C, and crush through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain pomegranate peel powder; Then, 60% ethanol was added according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1g:25mL, ultrasonic extraction was performed at 250W for 60min, degassing was performed, the supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 3000r / min, and the supernatant was concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain the pomegranate peel extract.
[0026] The preparation process of the antibacterial patch comprises the following steps: (1) Preparation of medical grade polyvinyl alcohol / nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer S1. Weigh medical grade polyvinyl alcohol, stir at 85°C for 6 h, and dissolve it in double distilled water to prepare a 45 mg / mL PVA solution; S2. Add nano zinc oxide particles having a particle size of about 40 nm to the PVA solution prepared in step S1, and stir magnetically at room temperature for 12 h to prepare a nano spinning solution; S3. The nano-spinning solution in step S2 is made into a medical grade polyvinyl alcohol / nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer by electrospinning; (2) stirring and mixing the soluble soybean polysaccharide, pomegranate peel extract and silver ion sodium alginate to form an antibacterial active ingredient-sustained release dressing; According to 0.3g / m 2 The antibacterial active ingredient-sustained-release dressing is coated on the medical-grade polyvinyl alcohol / nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer in a coating amount to form an antibacterial active ingredient-sustained-release dressing substrate layer; (3) On one side of the base backing, a medical-grade polyvinyl alcohol / nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer, an antibacterial active ingredient-sustained-release dressing substrate layer and a release film are sequentially connected by an adhesive to prepare an antibacterial dressing.
[0027] Wherein, the base backing is polyurethane, the release film is a pearlescent film, and the adhesive is acrylate.
[0028] Example 3
[0029] An antibacterial dressing comprises: a base backing, one side of which is sequentially connected with a medical-grade polyvinyl alcohol / nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer, an antibacterial active ingredient-sustained-release dressing substrate layer and a release film by an adhesive; wherein the antibacterial active ingredient-sustained-release dressing comprises the following components by weight: 3 parts of soluble soybean polysaccharide, 20 parts of pomegranate peel extract, and 8 parts of silver ion sodium alginate.
[0030] The method for preparing the soluble soybean polysaccharide comprises the following steps: Weigh soybean residue with a moisture content of ≤10%, add phosphate buffer according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1g:15mL, soak for 12h, centrifuge at 3000r / min to remove the upper layer, then add 50% NaOH-ethanol solution, extract in a 95℃ water bath for 6h, centrifuge at 3000r / min to take the upper clear liquid, freeze-dry, and obtain soluble soybean polysaccharide.
[0031] The preparation method of the pomegranate peel extract comprises the following steps: Weigh pomegranate peel, dry at 50°C, and crush through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain pomegranate peel powder; Then, 60% ethanol was added according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1g:15mL, ultrasonic extraction was performed at 300W for 40min, degassed, centrifuged at 5000r / min, the supernatant was collected, concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain the pomegranate peel extract.
[0032] The preparation process of the antibacterial patch comprises the following steps: (1) Preparation of medical grade polyvinyl alcohol / nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer S1. Weigh medical grade polyvinyl alcohol, stir at 85°C for 6 h, and dissolve it in double distilled water to prepare a 45 mg / mL PVA solution; S2. Add nano zinc oxide particles having a particle size of 20 nm to the PVA solution prepared in step S1, and stir magnetically at room temperature for 18 h to prepare a nano spinning solution; S3. The nano-spinning solution in step S2 is made into a medical grade polyvinyl alcohol / nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer by electrospinning; (2) stirring and mixing the soluble soybean polysaccharide, pomegranate peel extract and silver ion sodium alginate to form an antibacterial active ingredient-sustained release dressing; According to 0.1g / m 2 The antibacterial active ingredient-sustained-release dressing is coated on the medical-grade polyvinyl alcohol / nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer in a coating amount to form an antibacterial active ingredient-sustained-release dressing substrate layer; (3) On one side of the base backing, a medical-grade polyvinyl alcohol / nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer, an antibacterial active ingredient-sustained-release dressing substrate layer and a release film are sequentially connected by an adhesive to prepare an antibacterial dressing.
[0033] Wherein, the base backing is a medical non-woven fabric, the release film is a PE film, and the adhesive is acrylate.
[0034] Comparative Example 1
[0035] The soluble soybean polysaccharide component is not contained, and the other components are the same as those in Example 1.
[0036] Comparative Example 2
[0037] The example 1 is the same as that in Example 1 except that the pomegranate peel extract is not included.
[0038] Comparative Example 3
[0039] The sodium alginate component of silver ion is not contained, and the rest is the same as that of Example 1.
[0040] Test Example 1
[0041] Referring to Appendix C "Test Methods for Product Bactericidal Performance, Antibacterial Performance and Stability" of "GB15979-2002 Hygiene Standard for Disposable Sanitary Products", the patches in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were subjected to in vitro antibacterial tests for 5 minutes. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0042] Table 1 Antibacterial rate test results of the patches of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3
[0043] Test Example 2
[0044] (1) Analysis of clinical application effect: A total of 60 elderly patients with pressure ulcers admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of JX University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March 2023 to March 2024 were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group, with 30 cases in each group.
[0045] The experimental group was treated with the antibacterial dressing prepared in Example 1, and the control group was treated with anti-inflammatory ointment and traditional gauze. Inclusion conditions were: patients aged 60 years and above, all diagnosed with pressure sores; patients and family members were informed and signed consent forms.
[0046] The severity of the pressure sores in patients was as follows: there were 20 patients with grade I, grade II and grade III pressure sores respectively. Since patients with grade VI pressure sores required professional care, patients with grade VI pressure sores were not selected for nursing treatment in this trial.
[0047] (2) Nursing test method: Patients with grade I pressure sores: 5% povidone-iodine was applied externally to the surface of the sores, and then bandaged with gauze and the antibacterial dressing prepared in Example 1, respectively.
[0048] Patients with grade II pressure ulcers: After the fluid in the blister is extracted, the treatment method is the same as that for patients with grade I pressure ulcers.
[0049] Patients with grade III pressure sores: The necrotic tissue of the patient was treated with hydrogen peroxide, and then the sore was rinsed with normal saline. 5% povidone-iodine was applied to the surface of the sore, and irradiated with TDP, and then bandaged with gauze and the antibacterial dressing prepared in Example 1, respectively.
[0050] (3) Observation indicators Treatment effect: The patient's wound surface is completely healed and the skin returns to normal, which is considered cured; the patient's wound surface is largely healed, the wound is clean, the granulation tissue grows well, and there is no pus, which is considered improved. The patient's wound surface is not significantly healed and there is still a lot of pus, which is considered ineffective.
[0051] Elimination time: For sores of different degrees, the shorter the time required for the same degree of recovery, the better the effect.
[0052] (4) Nursing trial results Table 2 shows the results of the treatment effect test, and Table 3 shows the results of the elimination time test.
[0053] Table 2 Analysis of treatment effects
[0054] Table 3 Elimination time analysis
[0055] As can be seen from Table 2, the cure rate and total effective rate of the test group were significantly higher than those of the control group, which shows that the antibacterial dressing prepared in Example 1 has a better effect on the care of pressure sores; as can be seen from Table 3, the disappearance time of all levels of symptoms of pressure sores in the test group was significantly shorter than that in the control group, indicating that the antibacterial dressing prepared in Example 1 showed a good effect on the care of pressure sores.
[0056] Test Example 3
[0057] The tyrosinase inhibition rate was used to preliminarily judge the wound lightening effect. Tyrosinase was added to the tyrosine solution, and the OD value of the extract at 475 nm was measured by a spectrophotometer. The intensity of the inhibition of tyrosinase activity by different extracts was determined by the change in the OD value.
[0058] Inhibition rate (%) = [1-(B'-B″) / (A'-A″)] × 100, Wherein, (A'-A") is the OD change value under the condition without the inhibition of the antimicrobial active ingredient prepared in Example 1; (B'-B") is the OD change value under the condition with the inhibition of the antimicrobial active ingredient prepared in Example 1.
[0059] L-tyrosine solution: weigh 0.1g L-tyrosine and dilute to 100ml; tyrosinase solution preparation: weigh 0.01g tyrosinase and dilute to 100ml.
[0060] The results showed that the antibacterial active ingredient of Example 1 had a strong inhibitory effect on tyrosinase, with an inhibition rate of 98.71%.
[0061] The above embodiments are merely preferred implementations of the present invention. Any simple modification, amendment and substitution of the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims
1. An antibacterial dressing, comprising: A base backing, characterized in that one side of the base backing is sequentially connected with a medical-grade polyvinyl alcohol / nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer, an antibacterial active ingredient-sustained-release dressing substrate layer and a release film by an adhesive; Among them, the antibacterial active ingredient-sustained release dressing includes the following components by weight: 3 to 5 parts of soluble soybean polysaccharide, 10 to 20 parts of pomegranate peel extract, and 8 to 12 parts of silver ion sodium alginate.
2. An antibacterial patch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for preparing the soluble soybean polysaccharide comprises the following steps: Weigh soybean residue with a moisture content of ≤10%, add phosphate buffer according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1g:15mL~20mL, soak for 6h~12h, centrifuge to remove the upper layer, then add 50% NaOH-ethanol solution, extract in a 95℃ water bath for 4h~6h, centrifuge to obtain the upper clear liquid, freeze-dry, and obtain soluble soybean polysaccharide.
3. The antibacterial patch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the pomegranate peel extract comprises the following steps: Weigh pomegranate peel, dry at 50°C, and crush through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain pomegranate peel powder; Then, 60% ethanol was added according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1g:15mL-25mL, and ultrasonic extraction was performed at 250W-300W for 40min-60min. The mixture was degassed, centrifuged to obtain the supernatant, concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain the pomegranate peel extract.
4. An antibacterial patch according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The centrifugal speed is 3000r / min~5000r / min.
5. The process for preparing the antibacterial patch according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Preparation of medical grade polyvinyl alcohol / nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer S1. Weigh medical grade polyvinyl alcohol, stir at 85°C for 6 h, and dissolve it in double distilled water to prepare a 45 mg / mL PVA solution; S2. Add nano zinc oxide particles to the PVA solution prepared in step S1, and stir magnetically at room temperature for 12 h to 18 h to prepare a nano spinning solution; S3. The nano-spinning solution in step S2 is made into a medical grade polyvinyl alcohol / nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer by electrospinning; (2) stirring and mixing the soluble soybean polysaccharide, pomegranate peel extract and silver ion sodium alginate to form an antibacterial active ingredient-sustained release dressing; According to 0.1g / m 2 ~0.3g / m 2 The antibacterial active ingredient-sustained-release dressing is coated on the medical-grade polyvinyl alcohol / nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer in a coating amount to form an antibacterial active ingredient-sustained-release dressing substrate layer; (3) On one side of the base backing, a medical-grade polyvinyl alcohol / nano zinc oxide particle fiber matrix layer, an antibacterial active ingredient-sustained-release dressing substrate layer and a release film are sequentially connected by an adhesive to prepare an antibacterial dressing.
6. The process for preparing an antibacterial patch according to claim 5, characterized in that: The particle size of the nano zinc oxide particles is 20nm to 40nm.
7. The process for preparing an antibacterial patch according to claim 5, characterized in that: The base backing is one of medical non-woven fabrics or polyurethane; the release film is one of pearlescent film, PVC film or PE film; and the adhesive is acrylate.