Calibration method for gear shaft after welding

Abstract

The invention discloses a calibration method for a gear shaft after welding. The method comprises the steps that S1, the shape and size of a gear shaft are preliminarily detected through high-precision sensing equipment, deviation and deformation caused by welding are recognized, and data support is provided for subsequent calibration; and S2, a residual stress concentration area caused by welding is determined through stress analysis, the magnitude and direction of calibration force needing to be applied to each calibration point are calculated, distribution of the force is optimized, and it is ensured that the shape, size and structure of the welded gear shaft all meet design requirements through accurate detection, stress analysis, calibration operation and multi-axis testing. According to the method, deformation caused by welding can be effectively recognized and corrected, application of calibration force is optimized, new stress concentration or material damage is prevented, and calibration precision is guaranteed. In dynamic test and final detection links, the method can ensure the stability and durability of the gear shaft under actual working conditions, and provides reliable quality guarantee for long-term use of the gear shaft.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of gear shaft calibration, and in particular to a gear shaft calibration method after welding. Background Art

[0002] Gear shafts are vital transmission components in mechanical systems and are widely used in the automotive, aerospace and industrial machinery industries. Since gear shafts are subjected to complex stresses and high-intensity loads during operation, their welding quality and accuracy are critical to the performance and life of the overall system. However, the welding process will inevitably introduce residual stress and deformation, resulting in a decrease in the geometric accuracy of the gear shaft, affecting the smooth operation and service life of the transmission system. Therefore, calibration after welding becomes a key step to ensure that the gear shaft meets the design requirements and improves its reliability.

[0003] At present, the deformation correction method for gear shaft after welding mainly relies on experience and traditional manual calibration technology, which has the problems of low precision, low efficiency, and easy to produce secondary deformation. In addition, the existing calibration methods usually lack sufficient analysis and control of residual stress, which can easily cause local stress concentration during the calibration process, leading to material damage or new defects. Traditional detection methods, such as relying only on surface measurement, cannot fully grasp the existence of internal defects, which also affects the accuracy and quality of the final calibration.

[0004] In view of the above problems, we have introduced a gear shaft calibration method after welding. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention discloses a gear shaft post-welding calibration method, aiming to solve the technical problems in the background technology.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A gear shaft post-welding calibration method comprises the following steps;

[0008] S1. Use high-precision sensing equipment to conduct preliminary inspections on the shape and size of the gear shaft, identify deviations and deformations caused by welding, and provide data support for subsequent calibration;

[0009] The step S1 can be refined as follows:

[0010] S11. Use a laser measuring device or a high-precision optical sensor to perform preliminary measurement of the geometric dimensions of the gear shaft welding part;

[0011] S12. Compare the measured data with the tolerance standards on the gear shaft design drawing to identify the geometric deviation caused by welding;

[0012] S13. Use global scanning technology to generate a three-dimensional model after welding to clarify the deformation location and severity of the welding part;

[0013] S14, dividing the calibration area according to the deviation position and marking the key points that need to be corrected;

[0014] S15. Store the measurement results and design parameters in the calibration control system as reference data for subsequent calibration.

[0015] S2. Determine the residual stress concentration area caused by welding through stress analysis, calculate the size and direction of the calibration force required to be applied to each calibration point, and optimize the force distribution to ensure that the force is applied evenly during the calibration process to avoid new deformation;

[0016] The step S2 can be refined as follows:

[0017] S21. Use finite element analysis (FEA) software to perform stress analysis on the gear shaft after welding to determine the residual stress concentration area caused by welding;

[0018] S22. Determine the magnitude and direction of the correction force to be applied to each calibration point according to the analysis results;

[0019] S23, determining the calibration priority of each calibration point, giving priority to the area with the most serious deformation;

[0020] S24, determining parameters such as temperature, time, and loading rate that need to be controlled during the calibration process to prevent over-correction or new deformation;

[0021] S25. Use simulation tools to optimize the distribution of calibration force to ensure uniform force application and avoid excessive local stress.

[0022] S3. Use CNC equipment or robots to calibrate the welded gear shaft. Apply the calibration force point by point according to the calculated calibration force and direction, and monitor the deformation in real time during the application process to ensure that the shape and size of the gear shaft are accurately restored.

[0023] The step S3 can be refined as follows:

[0024] S31. Use numerical control equipment (such as a numerically controlled press) or robotic equipment to apply a calibration force in a pre-calculated force direction;

[0025] S32. The calibration process of each calibration point should be carried out under real-time monitoring to ensure the accuracy and controllability of the calibration;

[0026] S33, after each application of the calibration force, use the sensor to re-measure the deformation of the gear shaft and adjust the correction strategy in real time;

[0027] S34. During the correction process, the calibration order of each key point should be adjusted one by one according to the size of the deformation to ensure that the overall deformation is effectively restored;

[0028] S35. After all calibration points are completed, conduct a comprehensive review of the overall shape to confirm the calibration effect.

[0029] S4. Through multi-axis coordinate measurement technology, comprehensively detect each axis of the gear shaft to confirm the alignment and shape recovery of the axis. The purpose of multi-axis detection is to ensure that all key geometric parameters of the gear shaft in three-dimensional space meet the design requirements;

[0030] The step S4 can be refined as follows:

[0031] S41. Use a multi-axis coordinate measuring machine (CMM) to accurately align and measure the dimensions of each axis of the gear shaft;

[0032] S42. Compare the shape changes before welding and after calibration to ensure that the deviation of each axis is within the design tolerance range;

[0033] S43. Check the concentricity and verticality of the welding area to ensure that the rotational symmetry of the gear shaft is restored to normal after welding;

[0034] S44. Special measurements are made on the local stress concentration areas caused by welding to ensure that there is no permanent deformation caused by welding stress;

[0035] S45. If new deviations are found during multi-axis measurement, return to step 3 for local adjustment until all axes are aligned and qualified.

[0036] S5. Use high-precision fine-tuning equipment to correct the slight deformation caused by welding, ensure that the shape and size of the welding area meet the design standards, and avoid new stress concentration or material damage;

[0037] The step S5 can be refined as follows:

[0038] S51. Detailed measurements of the weld joint area to identify small dimensional changes caused by the weld heat affected zone (HAZ);

[0039] S52. Use fine-tuning equipment (such as a micro hydraulic corrector) to accurately correct small deformations at welded joints;

[0040] S53. Detect the surface flatness of the welding joint area to ensure that the surface quality of the gear shaft after welding meets the requirements;

[0041] S54. Avoid applying excessive local stress during the calibration process to prevent microcracks or internal stress concentration in the welding area;

[0042] S55. After calibration, use high-precision measuring equipment to confirm the final size and shape of the weld joint area.

[0043] S6. Place the calibrated gear shaft on a dynamic test bench simulating actual working conditions and conduct a multi-axis loading test to verify its stability under actual working conditions. The test results are used to confirm the effectiveness of the calibration.

[0044] The step S6 can be refined as follows:

[0045] S61, placing the calibrated gear shaft on a dynamic test bench to simulate actual working conditions for a multi-axis loading test;

[0046] S62. Record the shape change of the gear shaft in real time during the test to ensure that it maintains the designed shape under load;

[0047] S63. Evaluate the calibration effect based on the test data, identify potential problems in the calibration process and make adjustments;

[0048] S64. If the dynamic test results show that the gear shaft still has deviation, perform a secondary local calibration to ensure the final accuracy;

[0049] S65. After the test, a complete calibration report is generated, recording all calibration steps and final results.

[0050] S7. Carry out a comprehensive final inspection on the calibrated gear shaft to ensure that all key dimensions, welding parts and internal structures meet the requirements, and check for internal defects through ultrasonic or X-ray technology to ensure that it meets the quality standards and is ready for use;

[0051] The step S7 can be refined as follows:

[0052] S71. Carry out final full-size inspection on the calibrated gear shaft to ensure that all key dimensions and shapes meet the design specifications;

[0053] S72. Use ultrasonic or X-ray testing technology to check for defects inside the weld joint to ensure there are no internal cracks or pores;

[0054] S73, comparing the final measurement data with the initial design data, and generating a qualified report of the gear shaft calibration;

[0055] S74. After calibration, the surface of the gear shaft is treated, such as stress removal and rust prevention, to ensure its stability in long-term use;

[0056] S75. After confirming that the gear shaft has passed all calibration and inspection steps, it enters the production or assembly process.

[0057] The gear shaft post-welding calibration method provided by the present invention has the following advantages:

[0058] This method ensures that the shape, size and structure of the gear shaft after welding meet the design requirements through precise detection, stress analysis, calibration operation and multi-axis testing. This method can effectively identify and correct the deformation caused by welding, optimize the application of calibration force, prevent new stress concentration or material damage, and ensure calibration accuracy. In the dynamic test and final inspection links, this method can ensure the stability and durability of the gear shaft under actual working conditions, providing reliable quality assurance for its long-term use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the overall process of a gear shaft post-welding calibration method proposed by the present invention.

[0060] Figure 2 This is a schematic flow chart of step S1 of a gear shaft post-welding calibration method proposed in the present invention.

[0061] Figure 3 This is a schematic flow chart of step S2 of a gear shaft post-welding calibration method proposed in the present invention.

[0062] Figure 4 The figure is a schematic flow chart of step S3 of a gear shaft post-welding calibration method proposed in the present invention.

[0063] Figure 5 The figure is a schematic flow chart of step S4 of a gear shaft post-welding calibration method proposed in the present invention.

[0064] Figure 6 The figure is a schematic flow chart of step S5 of a gear shaft post-welding calibration method proposed by the present invention.

[0065] Figure 7 This is a schematic flow chart of step S6 of a gear shaft post-welding calibration method proposed in the present invention.

[0066] Figure 8 The figure is a schematic flow chart of step S7 of a gear shaft post-welding calibration method proposed in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0067] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application usually described and marked in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the application claimed for protection, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0068] The invention discloses a gear shaft calibration method after welding.

[0069] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, a method for calibrating a gear shaft after welding comprises the following steps;

[0070] S1. Use high-precision sensing equipment to conduct preliminary inspections on the shape and size of the gear shaft, identify deviations and deformations caused by welding, and provide data support for subsequent calibration;

[0071] The step S1 can be refined as follows:

[0072] S11. Use a laser measuring device or a high-precision optical sensor to perform preliminary measurement of the geometric dimensions of the gear shaft welding part;

[0073] S12. Compare the measured data with the tolerance standards on the gear shaft design drawing to identify the geometric deviation caused by welding;

[0074] S13. Use global scanning technology to generate a three-dimensional model after welding to clarify the deformation location and severity of the welding part;

[0075] S14, dividing the calibration area according to the deviation position and marking the key points that need to be corrected;

[0076] S15. Store the measurement results and design parameters in the calibration control system as reference data for subsequent calibration.

[0077] This embodiment: The post-welding shape of the gear shaft is initially inspected by high-precision sensing equipment to ensure that the geometric deformation and deviation caused by welding are captured. First, the precise dimensional data of the welded part is collected using laser measurement or optical sensors, and compared with the design standard to identify deviations. Then, a three-dimensional model is generated using global scanning technology to analyze the location and severity of the deformation in detail. Based on these data, the key points and areas of calibration are determined, and all test results are stored in the calibration system as a basis for subsequent calibration operations. This process based on precision measurement and data analysis ensures the accuracy and effectiveness of subsequent calibration.

[0078] S2. Determine the residual stress concentration area caused by welding through stress analysis, calculate the size and direction of the calibration force required to be applied to each calibration point, and optimize the force distribution to ensure that the force is applied evenly during the calibration process to avoid new deformation;

[0079] The step S2 can be refined as follows:

[0080] S21. Use finite element analysis (FEA) software to perform stress analysis on the gear shaft after welding to determine the residual stress concentration area caused by welding;

[0081] S22. Determine the magnitude and direction of the correction force to be applied to each calibration point according to the analysis results;

[0082] S23, determining the calibration priority of each calibration point, giving priority to the area with the most serious deformation;

[0083] S24, determining parameters such as temperature, time, and loading rate that need to be controlled during the calibration process to prevent over-correction or new deformation;

[0084] S25. Use simulation tools to optimize the distribution of calibration force to ensure uniform force application and avoid excessive local stress.

[0085] In this embodiment: stress analysis is performed on the gear shaft after welding through finite element analysis (FEA) software to identify areas of residual stress concentration. These areas are usually the main source of deformation during the welding process. Based on the analysis results, the size and direction of the correction force required to be applied to each calibration point are calculated to ensure that the force is sufficient and accurate. At the same time, priority is given to the areas with the most severe deformation, and a detailed calibration sequence is formulated. During the calibration process, parameters such as temperature, time, and loading rate are controlled to prevent over-correction or new deformation. The distribution of force is optimized through simulation tools to ensure that the force is applied evenly throughout the process and avoid the risk of additional deformation caused by excessive local stress.

[0086] S3. Use CNC equipment or robots to calibrate the welded gear shaft. Apply the calibration force point by point according to the calculated calibration force and direction, and monitor the deformation in real time during the application process to ensure that the shape and size of the gear shaft are accurately restored.

[0087] The step S3 can be refined as follows:

[0088] S31. Use numerical control equipment (such as a numerically controlled press) or robotic equipment to apply a calibration force in a pre-calculated force direction;

[0089] S32. The calibration process of each calibration point should be carried out under real-time monitoring to ensure the accuracy and controllability of the calibration;

[0090] S33, after each application of the calibration force, use the sensor to re-measure the deformation of the gear shaft and adjust the correction strategy in real time;

[0091] S34. During the correction process, the calibration order of each key point should be adjusted one by one according to the size of the deformation to ensure that the overall deformation is effectively restored;

[0092] S35. After all calibration points are completed, conduct a comprehensive review of the overall shape to confirm the calibration effect.

[0093] In this embodiment: a numerical control device or a robot system is used to calibrate the welded gear shaft point by point according to the pre-calculated calibration force and direction. In the process of applying the calibration force at each calibration point, real-time monitoring is performed through sensors to ensure the accuracy and controllability of the calibration. After each application of the calibration force, the deformation of the gear shaft is remeasured, and the correction strategy is adjusted according to the actual measurement results to gradually restore the standard shape and size of the gear shaft. The entire correction process is adjusted in an orderly manner according to the amount of deformation. Finally, after all the calibration points are completed, the overall shape of the gear shaft is comprehensively reviewed to ensure that the calibration effect meets expectations.

[0094] S4. Through multi-axis coordinate measurement technology, comprehensively detect each axis of the gear shaft to confirm the alignment and shape recovery of the axis. The purpose of multi-axis detection is to ensure that all key geometric parameters of the gear shaft in three-dimensional space meet the design requirements;

[0095] The step S4 can be refined as follows:

[0096] S41. Use a multi-axis coordinate measuring machine (CMM) to accurately align and measure the dimensions of each axis of the gear shaft;

[0097] S42. Compare the shape changes before welding and after calibration to ensure that the deviation of each axis is within the design tolerance range;

[0098] S43. Check the concentricity and verticality of the welding area to ensure that the rotational symmetry of the gear shaft is restored to normal after welding;

[0099] S44. Special measurements are made on the local stress concentration areas caused by welding to ensure that there is no permanent deformation caused by welding stress;

[0100] S45. If new deviations are found during multi-axis measurement, return to step 3 for local adjustment until all axes are aligned and qualified.

[0101] This embodiment: Use multi-axis coordinate measurement technology (CMM) to perform accurate three-dimensional inspection on the gear shaft after welding to ensure that the alignment of each axis meets the design requirements. By comparing the dimensional data before and after welding and after calibration, ensure that the deviation of each axis is within the design tolerance range. In particular, check the concentricity and verticality of the welding area to ensure that the welding process does not destroy the rotational symmetry of the gear shaft. In addition, special measurements are made on local stress concentration areas to ensure that there is no permanent deformation. If new deviations are found during the inspection, return to the correction step in time for local adjustments until all axes are fully aligned and meet the design standards.

[0102] S5. Use high-precision fine-tuning equipment to correct the slight deformation caused by welding, ensure that the shape and size of the welding area meet the design standards, and avoid new stress concentration or material damage;

[0103] The step S5 can be refined as follows:

[0104] S51. Detailed measurements of the weld joint area to identify small dimensional changes caused by the weld heat affected zone (HAZ);

[0105] S52. Use fine-tuning equipment (such as a micro hydraulic corrector) to accurately correct small deformations at welded joints;

[0106] S53. Detect the surface flatness of the welding joint area to ensure that the surface quality of the gear shaft after welding meets the requirements;

[0107] S54. Avoid applying excessive local stress during the calibration process to prevent microcracks or internal stress concentration in the welding area;

[0108] S55. After calibration, use high-precision measuring equipment to confirm the final size and shape of the weld joint area.

[0109] This embodiment: Use high-precision fine-tuning equipment to accurately correct the small deformations caused by welding, especially in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of welding, to ensure that the shape and size of the weld joint area meet the design standards. These small deformations are identified through detailed measurements, and equipment such as micro-hydraulic correctors are used for detailed adjustments. At the same time, the surface flatness of the welding area is tested to ensure that the surface quality is qualified. During the correction process, avoid applying excessive local stress to prevent microcracks or stress concentration from causing new material damage. After the correction is completed, use high-precision measuring equipment for final confirmation to ensure that the calibration effect meets the design requirements.

[0110] S6. Place the calibrated gear shaft on a dynamic test bench simulating actual working conditions and conduct a multi-axis loading test to verify its stability under actual working conditions. The test results are used to confirm the effectiveness of the calibration.

[0111] The step S6 can be refined as follows:

[0112] S61, placing the calibrated gear shaft on a dynamic test bench to simulate actual working conditions for a multi-axis loading test;

[0113] S62. Record the shape change of the gear shaft in real time during the test to ensure that it maintains the designed shape under load;

[0114] S63. Evaluate the calibration effect based on the test data, identify potential problems in the calibration process and make adjustments;

[0115] S64. If the dynamic test results show that the gear shaft still has deviation, perform a secondary local calibration to ensure the final accuracy;

[0116] S65. After the test, a complete calibration report is generated, recording all calibration steps and final results.

[0117] In this embodiment: a calibrated gear shaft is placed on a dynamic test bench that simulates actual working conditions, and its stability under actual operating conditions is verified through a multi-axis loading test. During the test, the shape changes of the gear shaft under different loads are recorded in real time to ensure that it maintains a shape that meets the design requirements under pressure. Based on the test data, the effect of the calibration is evaluated and potential problems that may arise during the calibration process are identified. If the test results show that there is still deviation in the gear shaft, a secondary local calibration is performed to ensure the final accuracy. After the test is completed, a complete calibration report is generated, recording all calibration steps and results to ensure the effectiveness and reliability of the calibration.

[0118] S7. Carry out a comprehensive final inspection on the calibrated gear shaft to ensure that all key dimensions, welding parts and internal structures meet the requirements, and check for internal defects through ultrasonic or X-ray technology to ensure that it meets the quality standards and is ready for use;

[0119] The step S7 can be refined as follows:

[0120] S71. Carry out final full-size inspection on the calibrated gear shaft to ensure that all key dimensions and shapes meet the design specifications;

[0121] S72. Use ultrasonic or X-ray testing technology to check for defects inside the weld joint to ensure there are no internal cracks or pores;

[0122] S73, comparing the final measurement data with the initial design data, and generating a qualified report of the gear shaft calibration;

[0123] S74. After calibration, the surface of the gear shaft is treated, such as stress removal and rust prevention, to ensure its stability in long-term use;

[0124] S75. After confirming that the gear shaft has passed all calibration and inspection steps, it enters the production or assembly process.

[0125] This embodiment: Ensure that the key dimensions, welding parts and internal structure of the gear shaft meet the design requirements through comprehensive final inspection. First, the calibrated gear shaft is measured in full size to verify the accuracy of all dimensions and shapes. Next, the weld joint is internally inspected using ultrasonic or X-ray detection technology to ensure that there are no defects such as cracks or pores. These final measurement data are compared with the design standards to generate a calibration qualification report. In order to ensure the long-term stability of the gear shaft, its surface is also treated, such as removing residual stress and rust prevention. After confirming that all calibration and inspection steps are qualified, the gear shaft can enter the production or assembly process to ensure that its quality meets the standards and is ready for use.

[0126] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The replacement may be a replacement of a part of the structure, device, method step, or a complete technical solution. Any equivalent replacement or change according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention shall be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gear shaft calibration method after welding, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Use high-precision sensing equipment to conduct preliminary inspections on the shape and size of the gear shaft, identify deviations and deformations caused by welding, and provide data support for subsequent calibration; S2. Determine the residual stress concentration area caused by welding through stress analysis, calculate the size and direction of the calibration force required to be applied to each calibration point, and optimize the force distribution to ensure that the force is applied evenly during the calibration process to avoid new deformation; S3. Use CNC equipment or robots to calibrate the welded gear shaft. Apply the calibration force point by point according to the calculated calibration force and direction, and monitor the deformation in real time during the application process to ensure that the shape and size of the gear shaft are accurately restored. S4. Through multi-axis coordinate measurement technology, comprehensively detect each axis of the gear shaft to confirm the alignment and shape recovery of the axis. The purpose of multi-axis detection is to ensure that all key geometric parameters of the gear shaft in three-dimensional space meet the design requirements; S5. Use high-precision fine-tuning equipment to correct the slight deformation caused by welding, ensure that the shape and size of the welding area meet the design standards, and avoid new stress concentration or material damage; S6. Place the calibrated gear shaft on a dynamic test bench that simulates actual working conditions and conduct a multi-axis loading test to verify its stability under actual working conditions. The test results are used to confirm the effectiveness of the calibration. S7. Carry out a comprehensive final inspection on the calibrated gear shaft to ensure that all key dimensions, welding parts and internal structures meet the requirements, and check for internal defects through ultrasonic or X-ray technology to ensure that it meets the quality standards and is ready for use.

2. The gear shaft post-welding calibration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1 can be refined as follows: S11. Use a laser measuring device or a high-precision optical sensor to perform preliminary measurement of the geometric dimensions of the gear shaft welding part; S12. Compare the measured data with the tolerance standards on the gear shaft design drawing to identify the geometric deviation caused by welding; S13. Use global scanning technology to generate a three-dimensional model after welding to clarify the deformation location and severity of the welding part; S14, dividing the calibration area according to the deviation position and marking the key points that need to be corrected; S15. Store the measurement results and design parameters in the calibration control system as reference data for subsequent calibration.

3. The gear shaft post-welding calibration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S2 can be refined as follows: S21. Use finite element analysis (FEA) software to perform stress analysis on the gear shaft after welding to determine the residual stress concentration area caused by welding; S22. Determine the magnitude and direction of the correction force to be applied to each calibration point according to the analysis results; S23, determining the calibration priority of each calibration point, giving priority to the area with the most serious deformation; S24, determining parameters such as temperature, time, and loading rate that need to be controlled during the calibration process to prevent over-correction or new deformation; S25. Use simulation tools to optimize the distribution of calibration force to ensure uniform force application and avoid excessive local stress.

4. The gear shaft post-welding calibration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S3 can be refined as follows: S31. Use numerical control equipment (such as a numerically controlled press) or robotic equipment to apply a calibration force in a pre-calculated force direction; S32. The calibration process of each calibration point should be carried out under real-time monitoring to ensure the accuracy and controllability of the calibration; S33, after each application of the calibration force, use the sensor to re-measure the deformation of the gear shaft and adjust the correction strategy in real time; S34. During the correction process, the calibration order of each key point should be adjusted one by one according to the size of the deformation to ensure that the overall deformation is effectively restored; S35. After all calibration points are completed, conduct a comprehensive review of the overall shape to confirm the calibration effect.

5. The gear shaft post-welding calibration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S4 can be refined as follows: S41. Use a multi-axis coordinate measuring machine (CMM) to accurately align and measure the dimensions of each axis of the gear shaft; S42. Compare the shape changes before welding and after calibration to ensure that the deviation of each axis is within the design tolerance range; S43. Check the concentricity and verticality of the welding area to ensure that the rotational symmetry of the gear shaft is restored to normal after welding; S44. Special measurements are made on the local stress concentration areas caused by welding to ensure that there is no permanent deformation caused by welding stress; S45. If new deviations are found during multi-axis measurement, return to step 3 for local adjustment until all axes are aligned and qualified.

6. The gear shaft calibration method after welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S5 can be refined as follows: S51. Detailed measurements of the weld joint area to identify small dimensional changes caused by the weld heat affected zone (HAZ); S52. Use fine-tuning equipment (such as a micro hydraulic corrector) to accurately correct small deformations at welded joints; S53. Detect the surface flatness of the welding joint area to ensure that the surface quality of the gear shaft after welding meets the requirements; S54. Avoid applying excessive local stress during the calibration process to prevent microcracks or internal stress concentration in the welding area; S55. After calibration, use high-precision measuring equipment to confirm the final size and shape of the weld joint area.

7. The gear shaft calibration method after welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S6 can be refined as follows: S61, placing the calibrated gear shaft on a dynamic test bench to simulate actual working conditions for a multi-axis loading test; S62. Record the shape change of the gear shaft in real time during the test to ensure that it maintains the designed shape under load; S63. Evaluate the calibration effect based on the test data, identify potential problems in the calibration process and make adjustments; S64. If the dynamic test results show that the gear shaft still has deviation, perform a secondary local calibration to ensure the final accuracy; S65. After the test, a complete calibration report is generated, recording all calibration steps and final results.

8. The gear shaft calibration method after welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S7 can be refined as follows: S71. Carry out final full-size inspection on the calibrated gear shaft to ensure that all key dimensions and shapes meet the design specifications; S72. Use ultrasonic or X-ray testing technology to check for defects inside the weld joint to ensure there are no internal cracks or pores; S73, comparing the final measurement data with the initial design data, and generating a qualified report of the gear shaft calibration; S74. After calibration, the surface of the gear shaft is treated, such as stress removal and rust prevention, to ensure its stability in long-term use; S75. After confirming that the gear shaft has passed all calibration and inspection steps, it enters the production or assembly process.

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