Self-adaptive optical fiber beam high-efficiency coupling system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to coupling of optical waveguides, in particular to a self-adaptive optical fiber beam high-efficiency coupling system and method, which are used for overcoming the defect that the optical fiber coupling efficiency cannot be further improved under the condition of transmission loss caused by various errors such as angle errors, position deviation and optical device aberration in the existing optical fiber coupling technology. The self-adaptive optical fiber beam high-efficiency coupling system comprises a transmitting unit, a receiving unit, a self-adaptive beam control unit and an optical power detection unit, different from a light beam coupling system under monitoring only through light beam intensity, the system compensates coupling loss caused by multiple degrees of freedom such as the radial direction, the axial direction, the angle and the like through the self-adaptive light beam control unit, has higher coupling efficiency and higher adaptability and stability, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. And the method is suitable for optical communication, optical fiber sensing and other application scenes requiring high-precision coupling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the coupling of optical waveguides, and in particular to an adaptive optical fiber light beam high-efficiency coupling system and method. Background Art

[0002] In today's high-tech field, the rapid development of technologies such as laser communication, fiber optic sensing, and semiconductors has put forward higher requirements for the fiber coupling efficiency in laser systems. Fiber coupling technology plays an extremely important role in improving the transmission capacity of optical communications, improving the accuracy of fiber optic sensing, and promoting the miniaturization and high performance of optoelectronic integration. However, the improvement of coupling efficiency faces many technical challenges, especially under the conditions of transmission loss caused by various errors such as angle error, position offset, and optical device aberration, which greatly reduces the coupling efficiency and becomes a key technical problem that needs to be solved urgently.

[0003] In the prior art, some solutions have been proposed to address these problems. For example, Chinese patent CN105406334A proposes to detect the feedback signal of the laser pulse through a spatial light detector, and to use an electric adjustment frame to automatically adjust the coaxiality of the collimation and focusing module and the optical fiber, thereby improving the coupling efficiency. However, this method is limited by the degree of freedom of the electric adjustment frame, and it is difficult to solve the transmission loss caused by the angle error and the aberration of the optical device. In addition, the range of coupling adjustment is limited, and it is not suitable for the case of large angle errors.

[0004] Chinese patent CN115603167A proposes a power detection technology based on an integrating sphere, which achieves the best coupling state by adjusting the displacement and angle of the collimator fixture. Although this method has improved the adjustment range and accuracy, due to its complex system and high cost, and being greatly affected by the accuracy of the fixture, the final improvement in coupling efficiency is limited by the accuracy of the fixture, making it difficult to achieve the true optimal coupling effect.

[0005] Another technical solution is that the liquid crystal phase controller proposed in Chinese patent CN102520557A adjusts the phase of the converging beam to achieve dynamic coupling. Although this method provides a certain degree of dynamic adjustment capability, the adjustment accuracy of the liquid crystal phase controller is not high, and it is difficult to effectively compensate for the beam loss. In addition, the liquid crystal phase controller also has the problem of inconvenient operation during use.

[0006] Chinese patent CN104503042A proposes to use fast reflector technology to overcome the beam drift caused by atmospheric turbulence, and to compensate for the wavefront distortion in combination with a phase controller, thereby improving the coupling efficiency to a certain extent. However, this method has weak adaptability in dealing with coupling losses caused by angle errors and position errors, and the optimization effect is limited.

[0007] In 2016, Gao Jianqiu used a fast reflector to perform the laser nutation method (see: Gao Jianqiu, Sun Jianfeng, Li Jiawei, et al. Coupling method of spatial light to single-mode fiber based on laser nutation [J]. Chinese Laser, 2016, 6(8): 19-26.) to couple spatial light to single-mode fiber. The control system automatically performs motion compensation based on the calculation accuracy of the miss-target amount. However, this method can only improve the coupling efficiency to a small extent, and the compensation effect for a larger range of errors is poor.

[0008] Based on these existing technical backgrounds, how to further improve the fiber coupling efficiency, especially under complex conditions such as angle errors and position offsets, is still a difficult problem that needs to be tackled. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the existing fiber coupling technology that the fiber coupling efficiency cannot be further improved under the conditions of transmission loss caused by various errors such as angle error, position offset and optical device aberration, and to provide an adaptive fiber beam high-efficiency coupling system and method.

[0010] In order to solve the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: An adaptive optical fiber beam high-efficiency coupling system, which is special in that it includes a transmitting unit, a receiving unit, an adaptive beam control unit and an optical power detection unit; The transmitting unit includes a transmitting optical fiber and a first collimating and focusing device; the receiving unit includes a receiving optical fiber and a second collimating and focusing device; The adaptive beam control unit comprises a beam splitter, two wedge-shaped prisms, a plane mirror, a detector, a first displacement device, a second displacement device, a driving device and a controller; the input ends of the driving device, the first displacement device and the second displacement device are all connected to the controller, the output ends of the driving device are respectively connected to the two wedge-shaped prisms, and the output ends of the first displacement device and the second displacement device are respectively connected to the plane mirror and the receiving optical fiber; The transmitting optical fiber is used to transmit a light beam, and the light beam is divided into reflected light and transmitted light by a beam splitter after passing through the first collimating and focusing device; The reflected light enters the detector, which is used to detect the spot shape and energy of the reflected light and output it to the controller; The transmitted light passes through two wedge-shaped prisms in sequence, is refracted by a plane mirror to a second collimating and focusing device, and then passes through a receiving optical fiber to enter an optical power detection unit, which is used to detect the beam power of the incident light and output it to a controller; The controller is used to obtain the offset and tilt angle of the reflected light relative to the center of the detector according to the spot shape and energy analysis of the reflected light, determine whether the beam power of the incident light of the optical power detection unit meets the preset requirements, control the driving device to adjust the rotation angle of the two wedge prisms to adjust the direction of the light beam according to the offset and the tilt angle, change the pitch angle of the plane mirror through the first displacement device according to the offset and the tilt angle to adjust the position of the refracted light beam, and move the receiving optical fiber through the second displacement device to change the distance between the receiving optical fiber and the second collimating and focusing device.

[0011] Furthermore, the drive device adopts a gear rack motion structure, which includes a driver, two racks and two zero backlash gears; the driver input end is connected to the controller, and the output end is respectively connected to the two racks, the two racks are respectively meshed with the two zero backlash gears, and the two zero backlash gears are respectively connected to the two wedge prism rotation axes; The wedge surfaces of the two wedge prisms are arranged opposite to each other, and the high point of one wedge surface is opposite to the low point of the other wedge surface.

[0012] Furthermore, the transmitting unit further comprises a ceramic sleeve, the transmitting optical fiber and the first collimating and focusing device are both arranged in the ceramic sleeve, and a ceramic ferrule is arranged between the transmitting optical fiber and the inner wall of the ceramic sleeve; The receiving unit further comprises a ceramic sleeve, the receiving optical fiber and the second collimating and focusing device are both arranged in the ceramic sleeve, and a ceramic ferrule is arranged between the receiving optical fiber and the inner wall of the ceramic sleeve.

[0013] Furthermore, the ratio of the transmitted light energy to the reflected light energy is greater than or equal to 9.

[0014] Furthermore, the first displacement device and the second displacement device both use piezoelectric ceramic micro-displacement sensors; the first collimating and focusing device and the second collimating and focusing device both use gradient refractive index lenses; The detector is a four-quadrant detector; the optical power detection unit is an optical power meter.

[0015] At the same time, the present invention also provides an adaptive optical fiber beam high-efficiency coupling method, which is special in that it adopts the above-mentioned adaptive optical fiber beam high-efficiency coupling system, including the following steps: Step 1, after turning the beam splitter 90° clockwise, a test beam is emitted from the receiving optical fiber, and the test beam passes through the second collimating and focusing device, the plane mirror, and two wedge-shaped prisms in sequence, and is then divided into a test reflected light and a test transmitted light by the beam splitter, and the test reflected light enters the detector, and the relative position of the detector and the receiving unit is adjusted, and the position of the receiving unit when the center of the reflected light coincides with the center of the detector is taken as the initial position of the receiving unit; then the beam splitter is reset; Step 2: A light beam is emitted from the transmitting optical fiber, and the spot shape and energy of the reflected light are detected by a detector, and the light beam is output to a controller, which analyzes and obtains the offset and tilt angle of the reflected light relative to the center of the detector; At the same time, the optical power detection unit detects the beam power of the incident light and outputs it to the controller; Step 3: The controller determines whether the beam power obtained in step 2 meets the preset requirements. If yes, execute step 6; otherwise, execute step 4. Step 4, the controller controls the driving device to adjust the rotation angle of the two wedge prisms to adjust the direction of the light beam according to the offset and tilt angle obtained in step 2, and the light power detection unit detects the beam power of the incident light, determines the beam direction when the beam power is maximum, and maintains the direction, and then executes step 5; Step 5, the controller changes the pitch angle of the plane mirror through the first displacement device according to the offset and tilt angle obtained in step 2 to adjust the position of the refracted light beam, and at the same time, the optical power detection unit detects the beam power of the incident light, determines the position of the light beam when the beam power is maximum, and maintains the position, and then returns to step 3; Step 6: The controller moves the receiving optical fiber through the second displacement device to change the distance between the receiving optical fiber and the second collimating and focusing device, determines the distance when the beam power is maximum, and maintains the distance to complete the adaptive optical fiber beam high-efficiency coupling.

[0016] Furthermore, the step 4 is specifically as follows: Step 4.1, the control driving device simultaneously adjusts the rotation angles of the two wedge-shaped prisms, and at the same time the optical power detection unit detects the beam power of the incident light, determines the beam direction when the beam power is maximum, and maintains the direction; Step 4.2, the control driving device adjusts the rotation angle of one of the wedge-shaped prisms, and at the same time the optical power detection unit detects the beam power of the incident light, determines the beam direction when the beam power is maximum, and maintains the direction; Step 4.3, control the driving device to adjust the rotation angle of another wedge-shaped prism, and at the same time, the optical power detection unit detects the beam power of the incident light, determines the beam direction when the beam power is maximum, and maintains the direction.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention discloses an adaptive optical fiber beam high-efficiency coupling system, comprising a transmitting unit, a receiving unit, an adaptive optical beam control unit and an optical power detection unit. Different from an optical beam coupling system that only monitors the intensity of the optical beam, the present invention compensates for coupling losses caused by multiple degrees of freedom, such as radial, axial and angular, through an adaptive optical beam control unit. The system not only has a higher coupling efficiency, but also has stronger adaptability and stability, and is suitable for application scenarios such as optical communication and optical fiber sensing that require high-precision coupling.

[0018] (2) The present invention uses a detector (four-quadrant detector) to detect and quantitatively analyze the beam energy, spot offset and tilt angle, and then decomposes the radial error, axial error and angular error, providing comprehensive and detailed analysis data for subsequent beam coupling compensation, greatly improving the stability and accuracy of the adaptive beam control unit.

[0019] (3) The present invention adopts a gear rack motion mechanism composed of zero backlash gears to change the rotation angle of two wedge prisms to achieve scanning of the incident light beam (when a pair of wedge prisms rotate around a specific axis, the angle of the wedge prism relative to the light beam is constantly changing. This change causes the refraction angle of the light beam to change according to a certain rule, thereby changing the emission direction of the light beam in space; the scanning angle of the light beam is related to parameters such as the wedge angle, refractive index and rotation angle of the wedge prism; by accurately controlling these parameters, accurate scanning of the laser beam in a two-dimensional plane or three-dimensional space can be achieved), compensate for the transmission loss caused by the angle error, thereby improving the stability and efficiency of the light beam transmission and ensuring the overall performance of the optical system.

[0020] (4) The present invention uses a first displacement device (piezoelectric ceramic micro-displacement sensor) to control the rotation angle of the plane reflector, thereby achieving a translation of the radial position of the light beam and compensating for the radial error of the light beam.

[0021] (5) The present invention uses a second displacement device (piezoelectric ceramic micro-displacement sensor) to control the distance between the receiving optical fiber and the second collimating and focusing device, compensate for the transmission loss and axial error caused by the aberration of the optical device, find the optimal position of the optical fiber coupling, and maximize the improvement of the light beam transmission efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The schematic diagram is a structural diagram of an embodiment of an adaptive optical fiber light beam high-efficiency coupling system of the present invention.

[0023] The reference numerals are as follows: 1-ceramic ferrule; 21-first collimating and focusing device, 22-second collimating and focusing device; 3-ceramic sleeve; 41-transmitting optical fiber, 42-receiving optical fiber; 5-detector; 6-gear rack motion structure, 61-zero backlash gear; 71-first displacement device, 72-second displacement device; 8-controller; 9-plane mirror; 10-wedge prism; 12-beam splitter; 13-optical power detection unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and exemplary embodiments.

[0025] Reference Figure 1 , an adaptive optical fiber beam high-efficiency coupling system, including a transmitting unit, a receiving unit, an adaptive beam control unit and an optical power detection unit 13.

[0026] The transmitting unit includes a ceramic ferrule 1, a first collimating and focusing device 21 (gradient refractive index lens), a ceramic sleeve 3, and a transmitting optical fiber 41; the transmitting optical fiber 41 and the first collimating and focusing device 21 are both arranged in the ceramic sleeve 3, and a ceramic ferrule 1 is arranged between the transmitting optical fiber 41 and the inner wall of the ceramic sleeve 3.

[0027] The receiving unit includes a ceramic ferrule 1, a second collimating and focusing device 22 (gradient refractive index lens), a ceramic sleeve 3, and a receiving optical fiber 42; the receiving optical fiber 42 and the second collimating and focusing device 22 are both arranged in the ceramic sleeve 3, and a ceramic ferrule 1 is arranged between the receiving optical fiber 42 and the inner wall of the ceramic sleeve 3.

[0028] The adaptive beam control unit includes a beam splitter 12, two wedge-shaped prisms 10, a plane mirror 9, a detector 5, a first displacement device 71, a second displacement device 72, a driving device and a controller 8; the input ends of the driving device, the first displacement device 71 and the second displacement device 72 are all connected to the controller 8, the output ends of the driving device are respectively connected to the two wedge-shaped prisms 10, and the output ends of the first displacement device 71 and the second displacement device 72 are respectively connected to the plane mirror 9 and the receiving optical fiber 42.

[0029] The transmitting optical fiber 41 is used to transmit a light beam, which passes through the first collimating and focusing device 21 and is divided into reflected light and transmitted light by the beam splitter 12; the reflected light enters the detector 5, which is used to detect the spot shape and energy of the reflected light, and outputs it to the controller 8; the transmitted light passes through two wedge-shaped prisms 10 in sequence, is refracted by the plane mirror 9 to the second collimating and focusing device 22, and then passes through the receiving optical fiber 42 to enter the optical power detection unit 13, which is used to detect the beam power of its incident light and output it to the controller 8.

[0030] The controller 8 is used to obtain the offset and tilt angle of the reflected light relative to the center of the detector 5 according to the spot shape and energy of the reflected light, determine whether the beam power of the incident light of the optical power detection unit 13 meets the preset requirements, control the driving device to adjust the rotation angle of the two wedge prisms 10 to adjust the direction of the light beam according to the offset and the tilt angle, change the pitch angle of the plane mirror 9 through the first displacement device 71 according to the offset and the tilt angle to adjust the position of the refracted light beam, and move the receiving optical fiber 42 through the second displacement device 72 to change the distance between the receiving optical fiber 42 and the second collimating and focusing device 22.

[0031] The driving device adopts a gear rack motion structure 6, which includes a driver, two racks and two zero backlash gears 61; the two zero backlash gears 61 are respectively connected to the rotation axes of the two wedge prisms 10, and the two racks are respectively meshed with the two zero backlash gears 61, and are respectively connected to the output ends of the driver, and the input end of the driver is connected to the controller 8; the movement of the rack is controlled by the command of the controller 8, and the precise adjustment of the rotation of the wedge prism 10 is achieved by adjusting the position and displacement of the rack; and the zero backlash gear 61, due to its tight meshing, has no idling or lag, which ensures fast and accurate transmission, reduces vibration and wear, and improves system stability and life; in addition, since the zero backlash gear 61 itself does not have a backlash problem, no complicated adjustment is required, which saves time and cost and improves installation efficiency.

[0032] The first displacement device 71 and the second displacement device 72 both use piezoelectric ceramic micro-displacement sensors; the detector 5 uses a four-quadrant detector, which can provide real-time feedback on the slight offset and tilt changes of the light beam in space by comparing the light intensity in each quadrant; the optical power detection unit 13 uses an optical power meter.

[0033] The wedge surfaces of the two wedge prisms 10 are arranged opposite to each other, and the high point of one wedge surface is opposite to the low point of the other wedge surface, in order to achieve symmetry adjustment of the light beam and reduce the position deviation and angle error of the light beam during the coupling process.

[0034] An adaptive optical fiber beam high-efficiency coupling method adopts the above-mentioned adaptive optical fiber beam high-efficiency coupling system, comprising the following steps: Step 1, after the beam splitter 12 is turned clockwise by 90°, a test beam is emitted from the receiving optical fiber 42, and the test beam passes through the second collimating and focusing device 22, the plane mirror 9, and the two wedge prisms 10 in sequence, and is then divided into a test reflected light and a test transmitted light by the beam splitter 12, and the test reflected light enters the detector 5, and the relative position of the detector 5 and the receiving unit is adjusted, and the position of the receiving unit when the center of the reflected light coincides with the center of the detector 5 is taken as the initial position of the receiving unit; then the beam splitter 12 is reset; Step 2, a light beam is emitted from the emitting optical fiber 41, and the light beam passes through the first collimating and focusing device 21 to form a collimated light beam, which is output to the beam splitter 12. The beam splitter 12 divides the collimated light beam into reflected light and transmitted light, wherein the transmitted light accounts for more than 90% of the total energy of the collimated light beam, and the reflected light accounts for less than 10% of the total energy of the collimated light beam; The reflected light enters the detector 5, and the detector 5 detects the spot shape and energy of the reflected light, and outputs it to the controller 8. The controller 8 analyzes and obtains the offset and tilt angle of the reflected light relative to the center of the detector 5; The transmitted light passes through two wedge-shaped prisms 10 in sequence, is refracted by the plane mirror 9 to the second collimating and focusing device 22, and then enters the optical power detection unit 13 after passing through the receiving optical fiber 42. The optical power detection unit 13 detects the beam power of the incident light and outputs it to the controller 8; Step 3, the controller 8 determines whether the beam power obtained in step 2 meets the preset requirements, if so, execute step 6, otherwise execute step 4; Step 4, the controller 8 controls the driving device to adjust the rotation angle of the two wedge prisms 10 to adjust the light beam direction according to the offset and tilt angle obtained in step 2, and the light power detection unit 13 detects the light beam power of the incident light, determines the light beam direction when the light beam power is maximum, and maintains the direction, and then executes step 5; Specifically: Step 4.1, the control driving device simultaneously adjusts the rotation angles of the two wedge-shaped prisms 10, and the optical power detection unit 13 detects the beam power of the incident light, determines the beam direction when the beam power is maximum, and maintains the direction; Step 4.2, the control driving device adjusts the rotation angle of one of the wedge-shaped prisms 10, and at the same time the optical power detection unit 13 detects the beam power of the incident light, determines the beam direction when the beam power is maximum, and maintains the direction; Step 4.3, the control driving device adjusts the rotation angle of the other wedge-shaped prism 10, and at the same time the optical power detection unit 13 detects the beam power of the incident light, determines the beam direction when the beam power is maximum, and maintains the direction; Combining the two methods of synchronous adjustment and sequential adjustment, first quickly adjust the rotation angle of the two wedge-shaped prisms 10 to find the best approximate position of the light beam, and then fine-tune each wedge-shaped prism 10 in turn to ensure that the coupling efficiency reaches the maximum value, taking into account both the efficiency and accuracy of the adjustment; Step 5, the controller 8 changes the pitch angle of the plane mirror 9 through the first displacement device 71 to adjust the position of the refracted light beam according to the offset and tilt angle obtained in step 2, and at the same time, the optical power detection unit 13 detects the beam power of the incident light, determines the position of the light beam when the beam power is maximum, and maintains the position, and then returns to step 3; The plane mirror 9 is used to refract the light beam. Since the pitch angle of the plane mirror 9 has a limited effect on the refraction, the position of the refracted light beam can be accurately adjusted by changing the pitch angle of the plane mirror 9. Step 6: The controller 8 moves the receiving optical fiber 42 through the second displacement device 72 to change the distance between the receiving optical fiber 42 and the second collimating and focusing device 22, determines the distance when the beam power is maximum, and maintains the distance to complete the adaptive fiber beam high-efficiency coupling.

Claims

1. An adaptive fiber beam high-efficiency coupling system, characterized by: It comprises a transmitting unit, a receiving unit, an adaptive light beam control unit and an optical power detection unit (13); The transmitting unit comprises a transmitting optical fiber (41) and a first collimating and focusing device (21); the receiving unit comprises a receiving optical fiber (42) and a second collimating and focusing device (22); The adaptive light beam control unit comprises a beam splitter (12), two wedge-shaped prisms (10), a plane mirror (9), a detector (5), a first displacement device (71), a second displacement device (72), a driving device and a controller (8); the input ends of the driving device, the first displacement device (71) and the second displacement device (72) are all connected to the controller (8), the output ends of the driving device are respectively connected to the two wedge-shaped prisms (10), and the output ends of the first displacement device (71) and the second displacement device (72) are respectively connected to the plane mirror (9) and the receiving optical fiber (42); The transmitting optical fiber (41) is used to transmit a light beam, and the light beam is divided into reflected light and transmitted light by a beam splitter (12) after passing through a first collimating and focusing device (21); The reflected light enters a detector (5), and the detector (5) is used to detect the spot shape and energy of the reflected light and output it to a controller (8); The transmitted light passes through two wedge-shaped prisms (10) in sequence, is refracted by a plane mirror (9) to a second collimating and focusing device (22), and then passes through a receiving optical fiber (42) to enter an optical power detection unit (13). The optical power detection unit (13) is used to detect the beam power of the incident light and output it to a controller (8); The controller (8) is used to obtain the offset and tilt angle of the reflected light relative to the center of the detector (5) according to the light spot shape and energy analysis of the reflected light, judge whether the beam power of the incident light of the optical power detection unit (13) meets the preset requirements, control the driving device to adjust the rotation angle of the two wedge prisms (10) according to the offset and the tilt angle to adjust the direction of the light beam, change the pitch angle of the plane mirror (9) through the first displacement device (71) according to the offset and the tilt angle to adjust the position of the refracted light beam, and move the receiving optical fiber (42) through the second displacement device (72) to change the distance between the receiving optical fiber (42) and the second collimating and focusing device (22).

2. The adaptive optical fiber beam high-efficiency coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving device adopts a gear rack motion structure (6), which comprises a driver, two racks and two zero backlash gears (61); the driver input end is connected to the controller (8), and the output end is respectively connected to the two racks, the two racks are respectively meshed with the two zero backlash gears (61), and the two zero backlash gears (61) are respectively connected to the rotation axes of two wedge prisms (10); The wedge-shaped surfaces of the two wedge-shaped prisms (10) are arranged opposite to each other, and the high point of one wedge-shaped surface is opposite to the low point of the other wedge-shaped surface.

3. The adaptive fiber beam high-efficiency coupling system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The transmitting unit further comprises a ceramic sleeve (3), the transmitting optical fiber (41) and the first collimating and focusing device (21) are both arranged in the ceramic sleeve (3), and a ceramic ferrule (1) is arranged between the transmitting optical fiber (41) and the inner wall of the ceramic sleeve (3); The receiving unit further comprises a ceramic sleeve (3), the receiving optical fiber (42) and the second collimating and focusing device (22) are both arranged in the ceramic sleeve (3), and a ceramic ferrule (1) is arranged between the receiving optical fiber (42) and the inner wall of the ceramic sleeve (3).

4. The adaptive optical fiber beam high-efficiency coupling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ratio of the transmitted light energy to the reflected light energy is greater than or equal to 9.

5. The adaptive optical fiber beam high-efficiency coupling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first displacement device (71) and the second displacement device (72) both use piezoelectric ceramic micro-displacement sensors; the first collimating and focusing device (21) and the second collimating and focusing device (22) both use gradient refractive index lenses; The detector (5) is a four-quadrant detector; the optical power detection unit (13) is an optical power meter.

6. An adaptive fiber beam high-efficiency coupling method, characterized in that: The adaptive optical fiber beam high-efficiency coupling system according to claim 1 comprises the following steps: Step 1, after the beam splitter (12) is turned 90 degrees clockwise, a test light beam is emitted from the receiving optical fiber (42), and the test light beam passes through the second collimating and focusing device (22), the plane mirror (9), and the two wedge prisms (10) in sequence, and is then divided into a test reflected light and a test transmitted light by the beam splitter (12), and the test reflected light enters the detector (5), and the relative position of the detector (5) and the receiving unit is adjusted, and the position of the receiving unit when the center of the reflected light coincides with the center of the detector (5) is used as the initial position of the receiving unit; then the beam splitter (12) is reset; Step 2: A light beam is emitted from the transmitting optical fiber (41), and the light spot shape and energy of the reflected light are detected by the detector (5), and the light spot shape and energy of the reflected light are output to the controller (8). The controller (8) analyzes and obtains the offset and tilt angle of the reflected light relative to the center of the detector (5); At the same time, the light beam power of the incident light is detected by the light power detection unit (13) and output to the controller (8); Step 3, the controller (8) determines whether the beam power obtained in step 2 meets the preset requirements, if so, execute step 6, otherwise execute step 4; Step 4, the controller (8) controls the driving device to adjust the rotation angle of the two wedge prisms (10) to adjust the direction of the light beam according to the offset and the tilt angle obtained in step 2, and at the same time, the light power detection unit (13) detects the beam power of the incident light, determines the beam direction when the beam power is maximum, and maintains the direction, and then executes step 5; Step 5, the controller (8) changes the pitch angle of the plane mirror (9) through the first displacement device (71) according to the offset and tilt angle obtained in step 2 to adjust the position of the refracted light beam, and at the same time, the light power detection unit (13) detects the beam power of the incident light, determines the position of the light beam when the beam power is maximum, and maintains the position, and then returns to step 3; Step 6: The controller (8) moves the receiving optical fiber (42) through the second displacement device (72) to change the distance between the receiving optical fiber (42) and the second collimating and focusing device (22), determine the distance when the beam power is maximum, and maintain the distance to complete the adaptive fiber beam high-efficiency coupling.

7. The method for high-efficiency adaptive optical fiber light beam coupling according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step 4 is specifically as follows: Step 4.1, controlling the driving device to simultaneously adjust the rotation angles of the two wedge-shaped prisms (10), and at the same time using the optical power detection unit (13) to detect the beam power of the incident light, determine the beam direction when the beam power is maximum, and maintain the direction; Step 4.2, controlling the driving device to adjust the rotation angle of one of the wedge-shaped prisms (10), and at the same time, the optical power detection unit (13) detects the beam power of the incident light, determines the beam direction when the beam power is maximum, and maintains the direction; Step 4.3, the control driving device adjusts the rotation angle of another wedge-shaped prism (10), and at the same time the optical power detection unit (13) detects the beam power of the incident light, determines the beam direction when the beam power is maximum, and maintains the direction.

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