Container ship temporary emergency power distribution system

Abstract

The invention discloses a temporary emergency power distribution system for a container ship. The temporary emergency power distribution system comprises a storage battery pack connected with a bus of a charging and discharging board and provided with a plurality of storage batteries connected in series; a main distribution board power supply for supplying power to the bus; the emergency distribution board power supply charges the storage battery pack through a charger and supplies power to the bus; the at least one photovoltaic module is respectively connected to the bus through each current converter and is connected with the storage battery pack; and the load is connected to the bus. The system is simple in structure, low in cost and flexible in configuration; voltage drop of a power supply loop is reduced, and the cross section of a power supply cable is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ships, and in particular to a temporary emergency power distribution system for a container ship. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the increasingly stringent requirements of carbon emission control regulations, the application of photovoltaic solar technology on ships has attracted more and more attention from shipowners. The space available for installing photovoltaic solar panels on container ships is very limited, and the power generation capacity of photovoltaic systems is affected by light conditions. Therefore, the power supply capacity of photovoltaic power generation systems that can be installed on container ships is too small compared to the capacity of ship power stations, and the output power is unstable, with low cost performance and difficulty in promotion and application.

[0003] In the prior art, the small-capacity solar photovoltaic system installed on the container ship is utilized in the following way: multiple photovoltaic arrays are connected in series and parallel and then connected to the photovoltaic controller, and then the direct current of the solar panels is converted into alternating current with the same frequency and phase as the ship's power grid through the grid-connected inverter and then fed into the ship's main power grid. At this time, the photovoltaic power generation system is equivalent to a small generator.

[0004] The second way to utilize the small-capacity solar photovoltaic system installed on container ships is to connect multiple photovoltaic arrays in series and parallel to form an off-grid photovoltaic system, which independently supplies power to non-critical loads such as ship lighting, ventilation, air conditioning, and kitchen equipment. When power is insufficient, it can be switched to the ship's main power grid for power supply.

[0005] The third way to utilize the small-capacity solar photovoltaic system installed on container ships is to add batteries to form a hybrid power system based on the above method 2, store excess electrical energy in the batteries, and use the batteries to supplement when the photovoltaic power generation power is insufficient.

[0006] In addition, container ships are generally equipped with temporary emergency power distribution systems, which are important power distribution systems in addition to the ship's main power supply and emergency power supply. They are mainly composed of charging and discharging panels and batteries. The charging and discharging panels manage the charging and discharging of batteries to provide DC power for some important loads such as the ship's navigation system, fire alarm system, voice telephone, broadcast general alarm system, temporary emergency lighting, etc. At the same time, as a backup power supply, they supply power to important loads in the event of a power outage on the ship, ensuring temporary emergency power supply for the safety of the ship and personnel.

[0007] In addition, there are cargo hold passages between cargo holds of container ships, which are mainly used for equipment maintenance, cargo hold inspection, refrigerated container maintenance, etc. The cargo hold passages are divided into semi-enclosed spaces by the deck layer and longitudinal partitions. Conventional container ship cargo hold passage lighting is powered by the main lighting system and the emergency lighting system. Each space needs to be equipped with main lighting or emergency lighting, with a large number of lamps and high power.

[0008] However, the common disadvantages of the above-mentioned container ship photovoltaic system utilization methods one, two, and three are that they all require multiple photovoltaic arrays to be connected in series and parallel to boost the voltage close to the ship's power grid voltage level before they can be connected to the photovoltaic controller. Most container ships have insufficient area for installing photovoltaic panels and do not have the conditions for installing conventional photovoltaic systems.

[0009] Another disadvantage of the above-mentioned method of utilizing the photovoltaic system on container ships is that the output power of the installable photovoltaic system is unstable, the time required to be connected to the grid is short, and the power generation capacity is too small compared to the main power grid. The grid connection function is complex to implement, the cost is high, and the cost-effectiveness ratio is too high.

[0010] Another disadvantage of the independent off-grid independent power supply method in the above-mentioned container ship photovoltaic system utilization method 2 is that the power supply reliability is low. When the light intensity is insufficient, the photovoltaic power generation system outputs insufficient power and will automatically switch to the ship power grid. There is no battery buffer during the switching process, so the non-important loads such as ship lighting, ventilation, air conditioning, kitchen equipment, etc. will have a power outage process. Although it does not affect the safety of the ship, it affects the crew experience.

[0011] The main disadvantage of the hybrid power system composed of batteries in the above-mentioned container ship photovoltaic system utilization method three is: high cost. In addition to the additional cost of batteries and their charging circuits, the batteries also need to be equipped with special cabinets, ventilation, fire protection, fire detection, temperature detection, etc. Summary of the invention

[0012] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art and provide a temporary emergency power distribution system for a container ship.

[0013] The present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical solutions:

[0014] A temporary emergency power distribution system for a container ship, comprising: a battery pack connected to a busbar of a charging and discharging board and having a plurality of batteries connected in series; a main switchboard power supply supplying power to the busbar; an emergency switchboard power supply charging the battery pack through a charger and supplying power to the busbar; at least one photovoltaic module connected to the busbar and to the battery pack through converters; and a load connected to the busbar.

[0015] Therefore, the present invention improves the technical solution of the hybrid power system composed of photovoltaic power generation system and battery in the prior art, omitting the controller and inverter of the conventional photovoltaic power generation system, and the system application threshold is low. Moreover, since at least one photovoltaic module is connected to the busbar and connected to the battery pack through each inverter, the busbar can be powered while the battery pack is floating charged. The number of photovoltaic modules (i.e., photovoltaic panels) can be configured according to the actual situation of the target ship, and even one photovoltaic panel can be connected to the temporary emergency power distribution system. At the same time, the battery charging and discharging system of the temporary emergency power distribution system is used to ensure the stability of the power supply load of the photovoltaic power generation system, and the structure is simple and the cost is low.

[0016] Furthermore, the battery pack includes four batteries connected in series. Thus, the present invention can achieve that the total capacity of the battery pack remains unchanged and the total volume is almost the same.

[0017] Furthermore, the main switchboard power supply supplies power to the busbar via a rectifier, so that the rectifier in the present invention can play a role in power balancing.

[0018] Furthermore, the emergency switchboard power supply charges the battery pack through the charger via a fuse, and supplies power to the busbar in a unidirectional manner via a diode.

[0019] Furthermore, the load includes important load and non-important load; the important load is connected to the busbar through a converter. Thus, the voltage level of the temporary emergency power distribution system of the present invention is increased, the voltage of the power supply line is reduced, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the power supply cable can be greatly reduced.

[0020] Furthermore, the non-important loads are connected to the busbar through a tripper. Thus, when the main power supply and emergency power supply of the entire ship are both out of power due to a fault, the tripper can be activated to cut off the non-important loads of the ship, and the battery pack can supply power to the important loads required by the specification through the busbar.

[0021] Furthermore, the non-essential load includes a plurality of lighting devices arranged on a lighting branch of a cargo hold passage of the container ship.

[0022] Furthermore, the lighting device is a low-voltage DC LED lamp. The present invention uses the electric energy provided by the photovoltaic power generation system mainly for lighting the cargo hold passage, because each semi-enclosed space in the cargo hold passage is small and requires low illumination, and only low-voltage DC low-power LED lamps need to be installed, which is low-cost and energy-saving compared with conventional lighting designs.

[0023] Furthermore, the battery is a 12V / 100Ah lead-acid battery.

[0024] Furthermore, the main distribution board power supply and the emergency distribution board power supply are AC380V power supplies.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the system structure of the present invention is simple and low in cost. It does not require a photovoltaic controller, a photovoltaic inverter, a battery and its supporting systems. It only requires a simple modification of the conventional temporary emergency power distribution system. In addition, the present invention is flexible in configuration and does not require multiple photovoltaic arrays to be connected in series for voltage boosting. A single photovoltaic panel can be directly connected to the system via an inverter. In addition, the present invention can also achieve the advantages of reduced voltage drop in the power supply circuit and reduced cross-section of the power supply cable. The cargo hold channel lighting branch uses low-voltage DC LED lamps, which can be improved from the traditional main lighting system and emergency lighting system power supply to the temporary emergency power distribution system power supply, thereby reducing costs and reducing power consumption. In addition, the present invention automatically cuts off when the main power supply and emergency power supply of the ship are cut off, without affecting the temporary emergency power supply of important loads. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 The figure is a schematic structural diagram of a battery box according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 The figure is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of lights in a cargo hold passage of a container ship to which a preferred embodiment of the present invention is applied. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] A preferred embodiment is given below, and the present invention is described more clearly and completely in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0030] The temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships of the present invention is mainly an improvement on the third method in the above-mentioned prior art, that is, an improvement on the conventional temporary emergency power distribution system, which is combined with a photovoltaic power generation system to form a hybrid power distribution system.

[0031] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships of this embodiment mainly includes a charging and discharging board CHP and a battery group GB. The battery group GB has a plurality of batteries connected in series and is connected to the busbar of the charging and discharging board CHP. The power supply of the main distribution board MSB supplies power to the busbar on the charging and discharging board CHP. The power supply of the emergency distribution board ESB charges the battery group GB through the charger and also supplies power to the busbar. The temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships of this embodiment also includes loads connected to the busbar, and the loads include important loads L1~LN and non-important loads. In addition, at least one photovoltaic module is connected to the busbar through each inverter and is connected to the battery group GB.

[0032] Therefore, the present invention improves the technical solution of the photovoltaic power generation system and the battery forming a hybrid power system in the prior art, improves the temporary emergency power distribution system conventionally configured on ships, and combines it with the photovoltaic power generation system to form a hybrid power distribution system. Furthermore, the present invention eliminates the controller and inverter of the conventional photovoltaic power generation system, and the system application threshold is low. Since at least one photovoltaic module is respectively connected to the bus and connected to the battery pack through each converter, it can supply power to the bus while floating the battery pack. The number of photovoltaic modules (i.e., photovoltaic panels) can be configured according to the actual situation of the target ship, and even one photovoltaic panel can be connected to the temporary emergency power distribution system. At the same time, the battery charging and discharging system of the temporary emergency power distribution system is used to ensure the stability of the power supply load of the photovoltaic power generation system, and the structure is simple and the cost is low.

[0033] Specifically, Figure 1 The temporary emergency power distribution system of the container ship shown in the figure is connected to multiple photovoltaic modules PV1~PVN. Each photovoltaic module PV1~PVN is connected to the bus through its corresponding inverter A1~AN and is connected to the aforementioned battery group GB. As mentioned above, the specific number of photovoltaic modules can be configured according to the actual situation of the target ship.

[0034] Also like Figure 1 As shown, the power supply of the main switchboard MSB can also supply power to the busbar through a rectifier, and the rectifier can play a role in power balancing. In addition, the power supply of the emergency switchboard ESB can charge the battery group GB through a charger via a fuse, and can supply power to the busbar unidirectionally through a diode.

[0035] On the other hand, the voltage level of the conventional ship temporary emergency power distribution system is 24V, which is realized by connecting two 12V / 200Ah batteries (such as lead-acid batteries) in series, and the output voltage of a single photovoltaic panel is generally between 18V and 50V. Considering the difficulty of realization and voltage drop, the present invention further increases the number of batteries compared to conventional battery packs.

[0036] Specifically, Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the battery box of the temporary emergency power distribution system of the container ship according to the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2As shown, in the battery box of the temporary emergency power distribution system of the container ship in the embodiment of the present invention, there is a battery pack consisting of four batteries connected in series, and the batteries can be, for example, four 12V / 100Ah lead-acid batteries (the four lead-acid batteries are lead-acid battery 1, lead-acid battery 2, lead-acid battery 3 and lead-acid battery 4). That is to say, the present invention further improves the conventional two 12V / 200Ah lead-acid battery pack into four 12V / 100Ah lead-acid batteries connected in series, and its voltage level can be determined to be 48V, thereby, the total capacity of the battery pack remains unchanged, and the total volume is almost the same. In addition, in this embodiment, the power supply of the main switchboard MSB and the power supply of the emergency switchboard ESB can be AC380V power supply, and the busbar can be DC48V busbar.

[0037] Also like Figure 1 As shown, the above-mentioned important loads L1~LN, for example, can be a navigation system, a fire alarm system, a voice telephone, a broadcast general alarm system, temporary emergency lighting, etc., which can be further connected to the above-mentioned DC48V bus through each converter B1~BN respectively. The converter B1~BN can convert DC48V into conventional DC24V. Therefore, although the cost of the converter is increased, the voltage level of the temporary emergency power distribution system is increased by 1 times, and the voltage drop of the power supply line is reduced to 1 / 4 of the original, which can greatly reduce the cross-sectional area of ​​the power supply cable.

[0038] Further Figure 1 As shown, the above non-critical loads can be cargo hold passage lighting branches S1~SN, each branch is respectively connected with a plurality of photo devices, the lighting devices can be low-voltage DC LED lamps PV1-1~PV1-n...PVN-1~PVN-n, and each branch can be further connected to the above DC48V bus through releases SHT1~SHTN. Therefore, the present invention uses the electric energy provided by the photovoltaic power generation system mainly for lighting the cargo hold passage, because each semi-enclosed space in the cargo hold passage is small and requires low illumination, and only low-voltage DC low-power LED lamps need to be installed, which has low cost and less energy consumption compared with conventional lighting designs. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and can also be applied to other non-critical ship loads, such as ship lighting, ventilation, air conditioning, kitchen equipment, etc.

[0039] According to the above embodiment, the battery is in a floating charge state under normal circumstances, that is, the charger and photovoltaic module powered by the emergency switchboard perform floating charge on the battery group, and the remaining power is supplied to the load on the busbar through the diode, and the insufficient part is supplemented by the main switchboard through the rectifier. When the main power supply and emergency power supply of the whole ship are faulty and power is cut off, the tripper of the cargo hold passage lighting branch, which is a non-important load, is actuated to cut off the non-important load of the ship, and the battery group supplies power to the important loads required by the specification through the busbar.

[0040] Figure 3 : is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of lights in the cargo hold passage of a container ship to which the temporary emergency power distribution system of the container ship of this embodiment is applied, which shows the cross section of the cargo hold passage, and specifically, schematically shows the structures of the lashing platform, upper deck, second deck and inner bottom of the container ship from top to bottom. Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the cargo hold passage is divided into three areas, left, middle and right, which are entered through three rows of straight ladders. Each area is further divided into multiple semi-enclosed spaces by decks and longitudinal partitions.

[0041] More specifically, if Figure 3 As shown, the power supply voltage of each lighting branch in the cargo hold passage is less than 50V. According to the specification, the number of lamp points shall not exceed 10. Low-voltage DC LED lamps are distributed in each semi-enclosed space in the cargo hold passage, and switches with indicator lights are arranged near the entrance of the cargo hold passage. Specifically, Figure 3 As shown, there are five photovoltaic modules, namely PV1 to PV5, and each cargo hold channel lighting branch is correspondingly arranged with a plurality of low-voltage DC LED lamps PV1-1 to PV1-10, PV2-1 to PV2-9, PV3-1 to PV3-7, PV4-1 to PV4-10, PV5-1 to PV5-9. Of course, the above photovoltaic modules and cargo hold channel lighting branch are only examples and can be changed according to the actual situation of the hull.

[0042] In summary, the improvements of the present invention may include: first, each photovoltaic module is connected to the charging and discharging board through the inverter, and the busbar is powered while the battery pack is float charged. Second, the conventional two lead-acid batteries are improved to four lead-acid batteries in series to increase the voltage of the temporary emergency power distribution system. Third, the cargo hold channel lighting branch adopts low-voltage DC LED lights, etc.

[0043] Therefore, the system of the present invention can achieve a simple structure and low cost. It does not require a photovoltaic controller, a photovoltaic inverter, a battery and its supporting systems. It only needs to make a simple modification to the conventional temporary emergency power distribution system. In addition, the present invention is flexible in configuration and does not require multiple photovoltaic arrays to be connected in series for voltage boosting. A single photovoltaic panel can be directly connected to the system through an inverter. In addition, as mentioned above, the present invention can also achieve the advantages of reduced voltage drop in the power supply circuit and reduced cross-section of the power supply cable. The cargo hold channel lighting branch uses low-voltage DC LED lamps, which can be improved from the traditional main lighting system and emergency lighting system power supply to the temporary emergency power distribution system power supply, thereby reducing costs and reducing power consumption. In addition, the present invention automatically cuts off when the main power supply and emergency power supply of the ship are cut off, without affecting the temporary emergency power supply of important loads.

[0044] Although the specific embodiments of the present invention are described above, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that this is only for illustration and the protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims. Those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications to these embodiments without departing from the principles and essence of the present invention, but these changes and modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A temporary emergency power distribution system for a container ship, characterized in that: It includes: A battery pack connected to the busbar of the charge and discharge board and having a plurality of batteries connected in series; a main switchboard power supply supplying power to said busbar; An emergency switchboard power supply for charging the battery bank through a charger and supplying power to the busbar; At least one photovoltaic module connected to the busbar and connected to the battery pack through each inverter; A load connected to the busbar.

2. The temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery pack includes four batteries connected in series.

3. The temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main switchboard power supply supplies power to the busbar through a rectifier.

4. The temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emergency switchboard power supply charges the battery pack through the charger via a fuse, and supplies power to the busbar in a unidirectional manner via a diode.

5. The temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loads include important loads and non-important loads; the important loads are connected to the busbar via a converter.

6. The temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships according to claim 5, characterized in that: The non-important load is connected to the busbar through a release.

7. The temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships according to claim 6, characterized in that: The non-essential loads include a plurality of lighting devices arranged on a lighting branch of a cargo hold passage of a container ship.

8. The temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships according to claim 7, characterized in that: The lighting device is a low-voltage DC LED lamp.

9. The temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The battery is a 12V / 100Ah lead-acid battery.

10. The temporary emergency power distribution system for container ships according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The main distribution board power supply and the emergency distribution board power supply are AC380V power supplies.

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