A solar greenhouse for mechanized cultivation of vegetables

Abstract

A solar greenhouse for mechanized cultivation of vegetables, relating to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, comprises a sunken cultivation bed, a front roof and a rear wall, the top of the rear wall is inclined with a rear slope, the cultivation bed is provided with cultivation ridges along the east-west direction, and a steel wire for hanging vines is provided directly above each cultivation ridge; the angle A between the virtual line between the upper edge of the rear slope and the upper edge of the front elevation of the cultivation bed and the ground plane is ‑10.5°, the geographical latitude of the greenhouse. The present invention solves the problem that the east-west cultivation ridges in the traditional technology, due to the obstruction between the canopies, will cause uneven light distribution within and between the ridges, uneven light distribution on the leaves of the plants on the north and south sides of the same ridge, and the light intensity on the north side is generally weaker than that on the south side; and the light distribution between different ridges is uneven, and the light intensity on the north ridge is weaker.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and in particular to a solar greenhouse for mechanized cultivation of vegetables. Background Art

[0002] The mechanized production of solar greenhouses has a small north-south span, which leads to a conflict with the size of the machinery. The current solution is to change the north-south planting to east-west planting. Changing the cultivation in solar greenhouses from the traditional north-south direction to the east-west direction can facilitate agricultural machinery operations, reduce labor intensity, and become an effective way to improve the efficiency of mechanical operations.

[0003] The prior art discloses a patent with the announcement number CN211881308U, which discloses a mechanized solar greenhouse, which is set to plant crops in an east-west direction and an east-west ridge direction, and is equipped with an entry and exit door for agricultural machinery to enter and exit. It uses polystyrene board walls, and the front roof is covered with a scattering light film with a haze of 30-55%. It is suitable for various modern agricultural machinery to operate, solving the problems of small greenhouse working space and low mechanization level.

[0004] The existing technologies including the above patents and documents have gradually exposed their shortcomings as they are used, mainly in the following aspects:

[0005] First, most studies focus on how to resolve the contradiction between agricultural machinery and agronomy, but fail to completely solve the problem of efficient use of light energy. At the same time, east-west cultivation ridges are set based on experience, resulting in ridge spacing that is too large or too small. When the ridge spacing is too large, it will lead to low land utilization. When the ridge spacing is too small, the ground between the rows cannot fully receive light due to shading between the canopies, affecting the heat storage of the cultivation bed.

[0006] Second, when adopting the east-west ridge cultivation, the light distribution within and between the ridges will be uneven due to the shading between the canopies, which is mainly reflected in two aspects: the light intensity on the leaves on the north and south sides of the plants in the same ridge is uneven, and the light intensity on the north side is generally weaker than that on the south side; the light distribution between different ridges is uneven, especially the light intensity on the north ridge is weaker.

[0007] In summary, the prior art obviously has inconveniences and defects in practical use, so it is necessary to improve it. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a solar greenhouse for mechanized cultivation of vegetables, which is used to solve the problems of uneven light distribution within and between ridges in the traditional technology due to the obstruction between the canopies, uneven light distribution on the leaves on the north and south sides of the plants on the same ridge, and the light intensity on the north side is generally weaker than that on the south side; as well as uneven light distribution between different ridges, and weak light intensity on the ridge on the north side.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] A mechanized vegetable cultivation solar greenhouse, comprising a sunken cultivation bed, a front roof and a rear wall, wherein the top of the rear wall is inclined to provide a rear slope, the cultivation bed is provided with cultivation ridges in an east-west direction, and a vine hanging steel wire is provided directly above each cultivation ridge;

[0011] The angle A between the virtual line between the upper edge of the rear slope and the upper edge of the front elevation of the cultivation bed and the ground plane is -10.5°, the geographical latitude of the greenhouse.

[0012] As an optimized solution, the vertical projection of the intersection line of the rear slope and the front roof is located on the cultivation bed, and the vertical distance from the rear facade of the cultivation bed is not greater than 0.5m.

[0013] As an optimized solution, the relationship between the width L of the greenhouse and the height H of the greenhouse is:

[0014] L=H / tan (the geographical latitude of the greenhouse is -10.5°).

[0015] As an optimized solution, the vertical distance between the cultivation ridge close to the rear facade of the cultivation bed and the rear facade of the cultivation bed is 0.5m.

[0016] As an optimized solution, the vertical distance between the cultivation ridge close to the front facade of the cultivation bed and the front facade of the cultivation bed is h1 / tan (66.5°-geographical latitude).

[0017] As an optimized solution, the spacing between adjacent cultivation ridges is h2 / tan(66.5°-geographical latitude)×2 / 3.

[0018] As an optimized solution, the relationship between the number of cultivation ridges N, the greenhouse height H, the cultivation bed sinking depth h1 and the vine hanging wire height h2 is:

[0019] N=[H / tan(geographic latitude of the greenhouse - 10.5°)-h1 / tan(66.5°-geographic latitude)-0.5] / [h2 / tan(66.5°-geographic latitude)×2 / 3]+1.

[0020] As an optimized solution, the vertical projection of the intersection line of the rear slope and the front roof is located on the rear facade of the cultivation bed.

[0021] As an optimized solution, the sinking depth h1 of the cultivation bed is 0.5 m, and the height h2 of the hanging wire is 1.8 m.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) The present invention solves the problem of uneven light distribution within and between ridges and low light energy utilization rate caused by canopy shading when the traditional solar greenhouse adopts east-west ridge cultivation. The plants on the south side of the cultivation ridge do not affect the uniform distribution of light intensity of the plants on the adjacent cultivation ridge on the north side of the ridge. The light distribution and light intensity within and between ridges tend to be uniform and consistent. The light intensity of the entire room is increased by 20.8% compared with the traditional greenhouse.

[0024] (2) The present invention is conducive to realizing the transformation of the solar greenhouse from north-south ridge cultivation to east-west ridge cultivation, breaking through the integration of "facility-agricultural machinery-agronomy"; in the solar greenhouse designed according to the present invention, the number and distribution of east-west cultivation ridges are coordinated with the width of the greenhouse, and the ridge spacing will not be too large or too small, which will not affect the uniform distribution of indoor light and can maximize the land utilization rate.

[0025] (3) The present invention gives full play to the heat storage function of the cultivated layer soil (cultivation bed), and the heat storage and heat preservation performance of the greenhouse is better. The heat storage and heat preservation performance of the greenhouse is represented by the lowest temperature at night. When the outdoor night temperature on the day of the Great Cold is -15.8°C, the lowest night temperature of the greenhouse of the present invention is 13.2°C, while that of the traditional greenhouse is 12.7°C. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn according to the actual scale.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure and parameters of the present invention.

[0028] In the figure: 1-rear wall; 2-rear slope; 3-front roof; 4-cultivation bed; 5-rear facade of cultivation bed; 6-front facade of cultivation bed; 7-cultivation ridge; 8-hanging wire. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] Embodiment 1,

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, a mechanized vegetable cultivation solar greenhouse comprises a sunken cultivation bed 4, a front roof 3 and a rear wall 1, the top of the rear wall 1 is inclined with a rear slope 2, the cultivation bed 4 is provided with cultivation ridges 7 along the east-west direction, and a vine hanging wire 8 is provided directly above each cultivation ridge 7;

[0032] The angle A between the virtual line between the upper edge of the rear slope 2 and the upper edge of the front elevation 6 of the cultivation bed and the ground plane is -10.5°, the geographical latitude of the greenhouse.

[0033] The vertical projection of the intersection line of the rear slope 2 and the front roof 3 is located on the cultivation bed 4, and the vertical distance from the rear facade 5 of the cultivation bed is not greater than 0.5m.

[0034] The relationship between the width L of the greenhouse and the height H of the greenhouse is:

[0035] L=H / tan (the geographical latitude of the greenhouse is -10.5°).

[0036] The vertical distance between the cultivation ridge 7 close to the rear vertical surface 5 of the cultivation bed and the rear vertical surface 5 of the cultivation bed is 0.5m.

[0037] The vertical distance between the cultivation ridge 7 close to the front elevation 6 of the cultivation bed and the front elevation 6 of the cultivation bed is h1 / tan (66.5°-geographical latitude).

[0038] The spacing between adjacent cultivation ridges 7 is h2 / tan(66.5°-geographical latitude)×2 / 3.

[0039] The relationship between the number N of the cultivation ridges 7, the height H of the greenhouse, the sinking depth h1 of the cultivation bed 4, and the height h2 of the hanging wire 8 is:

[0040] N=[H / tan(geographical latitude of the greenhouse - 10.5°) - h1 / tan(66.5° - geographical latitude) - 0.5] / [h2 / tan(66.5° - geographical latitude) × 2 / 3]+1, and N is an integer.

[0041] The vertical projection of the intersection line of the rear slope 2 and the front roof 3 is located on the rear facade 5 of the cultivation bed.

[0042] The sinking depth h1 of the cultivation bed 4 is 0.5 m, and the height h2 of the hanging wire 8 is 1.8 m.

[0043] Embodiment 2,

[0044] A solar greenhouse with an interior length of 200 m from south to east is built at a place located at 37° north latitude according to the scheme of Example 1. The greenhouse includes a rear wall 1 and a sunken cultivation bed 4. The rear wall 1 is provided with a rear slope 2. The cultivation bed 4 is provided with 6 east-west cultivation ridges 7, which are respectively as follows from south to north: , cultivation ridge , cultivation ridge , cultivation ridge , cultivation ridge and cultivation ridges , a vine hanging wire 8 is provided just above each cultivation ridge 7 for hanging vines, and the cultivation ridge width is 40cm;

[0045] The vertical projection of the intersection of the rear slope 2 and the front roof 3 is located at the rear elevation 5 of the cultivation bed; the angle A between the virtual line between the upper edge of the rear slope 2 and the upper edge of the front elevation 6 of the cultivation bed and the ground plane is 26.5°;

[0046] The sinking depth h1 of the cultivation bed 4 is 0.5m; the vertical distance h2 between the hanging wire 8 and the 4 surfaces of the cultivation bed is 1.8m;

[0047] The width of the greenhouse is 12.03m and the height H is 6m; the vertical distance between the cultivation ridge VI and the rear facade 5 of the cultivation bed is 0.5m; the vertical distance between the cultivation ridge I and the front facade 6 of the cultivation bed is 0.88m; the spacing between adjacent cultivation ridges 7 is 2.12m.

[0048] Comparative Example 1,

[0049] A solar greenhouse substantially the same as that in Example 2 was built at a location at 37° north latitude. The interior of the greenhouse is 200 m long from south to east, the width L of the greenhouse is 12 m, and the height is 5.9 m. The width L of the greenhouse and the height H of the greenhouse do not meet the requirement of L=H / tan (the geographical latitude of the greenhouse - 10.5°); there are 6 cultivation ridges, which are arranged in an east-west direction and evenly distributed according to experience, and the number of cultivation ridges (integer) does not meet the requirement of N=[H / tan (the geographical latitude of the greenhouse - 10.5°) -h1 / tan(66.5° - the geographical latitude) -0.5] / [h2 / tan(66.5° - the geographical latitude) × 2 / 3]+1, where H is the height of the greenhouse, h1 is the depth of the greenhouse sinking, and h2 is the height of the hanging wire, h1 is 0.5 m, and h2 is 1.8 m. The cultivation ridges from south to north are: cultivation ridge I, cultivation ridge II, cultivation ridge III, cultivation ridge IV, cultivation ridge V and cultivation ridge VI, and the cultivation ridge width is 40 cm. The solar greenhouse is adjacent to the solar greenhouse shown in Example 2 on the left and right.

[0050] Test Example 1,

[0051] In the solar greenhouses shown in Example 2 and Comparative Example 1, experiments were conducted on measuring the light environment of the cultivation beds and plant canopies and determining the minimum indoor temperature. Tomatoes were planted in two solar greenhouses, with a single row planted in each ridge. The varieties and cultivation methods were exactly the same. Within 10 days before and after the winter solstice, the height of the plant's growing point was controlled by dropping vines, and the height of the growing point from the ground was controlled to be no higher than 1.2 m.

[0052] Light environment measurement: One test plant was selected for each ridge from south to north in the middle of the two greenhouses, and three test points were determined for each plant, namely: a. the junction between the plant and the ground, b. the middle of the plant (i.e. 0.6m from the ground), and c. the growth point of the plant. The light intensity was measured using a ST-80C portable illuminometer (accuracy: ±3%); the light intensity at each monitoring point was measured at noon (12:00) on the winter solstice. The monitoring results are shown in Table 1.

[0053] Determination of minimum temperature: Detect the minimum indoor temperature at night on the Great Cold Day; use RC-5+ temperature recorder (resolution 0.1 degrees) to automatically measure and record; hang the temperature recorder in the middle of each greenhouse, closest to the growth point of the plants on the front ridge; and hang a temperature recorder at the same height outdoors to monitor the outdoor temperature.

[0054] Table 1 Light environment measurement results

[0055]

[0056] From Table 1, the light intensity monitoring results at the junction of the plant and the ground in the six cultivation ridges a of the greenhouse in Example 2 are consistent, with an average value of 313.5 μmol / (m 2 b The light intensity monitoring results in the middle of the plant (i.e. 0.6 m above the ground) were consistent, with an average value of 315.3 μmol / (m 2 ·s); the light intensity monitoring results at the plant growth point were consistent, with an average value of 315.2μmol / (m 2 ·s), and there is no difference in the average values ​​of the three, indicating that there is no canopy shading problem in the greenhouse of Example 2, the light intensity is evenly distributed, the whole plant can evenly receive light, the light energy utilization rate is high, especially the cultivation bed receives sufficient light, and the soil can fully store heat.

[0057] The light intensity monitoring results at the junction of the plant and the ground in the six cultivation ridges a of the greenhouse of comparative example 1 were consistent, with an average value of 188.4 μmol / (m 2 b The light intensity monitoring results in the middle of the plant (i.e. 0.6 m above the ground) were consistent, with an average value of 277.7 μmol / (m 2 ·s); the light intensity monitoring results at the plant growth point were consistent, with an average value of 315.3μmol / (m 2 ·s), the average values ​​of the three were significantly different, indicating that there was a canopy shading problem in the greenhouse of Comparative Example 1, and the light intensity distribution was uneven, especially the cultivation bed received insufficient light, which seriously affected the soil heat storage.

[0058] Example 2 The average light intensity at each monitoring point in the greenhouse is 314.6 μmol / (m 2 ·s), the coefficient of variation was 0.6%, and the light intensity was evenly distributed; the average light intensity at each monitoring point in the greenhouse of comparative example 1 was 260.4μmol / (m2 ·s), the coefficient of variation is 21.3%, and the light intensity distribution is uneven. Example 2 is 20.8% higher than that of Comparative Example 1. The coefficient of variation of light intensity at the monitoring point in Example 2 is much smaller than that in Comparative Example 1, indicating that the present invention effectively improves the problem of light blocking between the canopies of the solar greenhouse, and the light distribution and light intensity within and between ridges tend to be uniform.

[0059] Example 2 The average light intensity at the junction of the plant and the ground in greenhouse a is 313.5 μmol / (m 2 ·s), the average light intensity at the junction of the plant and the ground in greenhouse a of comparative example 1 was 188.4μmol / (m 2 ·s), Example 2 is improved by 66.4% compared with Comparative Example 1.

[0060] Example 2 The average light intensity in the middle of the plant in greenhouse b (i.e. 0.6 m above the ground) was 315.3 μmol / (m 2 ·s), the average light intensity in the middle of the plant in greenhouse b of comparative example 1 (i.e. 0.6m from the ground) was 277.7μmol / (m 2 ·s), Example 2 is improved by 13.5% compared with Comparative Example 1.

[0061] Example 2 The average light intensity at the plant growth point in greenhouse c was 315.2 μmol / (m 2 ·s), the average light intensity at the plant growth point in greenhouse c of comparative example 1 was 315.3 μmol / (m 2 ·s), there is no difference between the two.

[0062] The outdoor night temperature on the day of the Great Cold is -15.8°C, the lowest night temperature of the greenhouse of the present invention is 13.2°C, and that of the traditional greenhouse is 12.7°C. The present invention is 0.5°C higher than the traditional greenhouse, indicating that the present invention gives full play to the heat storage function of the cultivated layer soil (cultivation bed), and the greenhouse has better heat storage and insulation performance.

[0063] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents. These modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechanized vegetable cultivation solar greenhouse, comprising a sunken cultivation bed (4), a front roof (3) and a rear wall (1), wherein the top of the rear wall (1) is inclined and provided with a rear slope (2), the cultivation bed (4) is provided with cultivation ridges (7) in the east-west direction, and a vine hanging steel wire (8) is provided directly above each cultivation ridge (7), characterized in that: The angle A between the virtual line between the upper edge of the rear slope (2) and the upper edge of the front elevation (6) of the cultivation bed and the ground plane is -10.5°, the geographical latitude of the greenhouse. The relationship between the number N of the cultivation ridges (7), the height H of the greenhouse, the sinking depth h1 of the cultivation bed (4), and the height h2 of the hanging wire (8) is as follows: N=[H / tan (geographic latitude of the greenhouse - 10.5°) - h1 / tan (66.5° - geographical latitude) - 0.5] / [h2 / tan (66.5° - geographical latitude) × 2 / 3] + 1, The vertical distance between the cultivation ridge (7) on one side of the cultivation bed front elevation (6) and the cultivation bed front elevation (6) is h1 / tan (66.5°-geographic latitude), The spacing between adjacent cultivation ridges (7) is h2 / tan(66.5°-geographical latitude)×2 / 3.

2. A vegetable mechanized cultivation solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical projection of the intersection line of the rear slope (2) and the front roof (3) is located on the cultivation bed (4), and the vertical distance from the rear facade (5) of the cultivation bed is no more than 0.5 m.

3. The vegetable mechanized cultivation solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relationship between the width L of the greenhouse and the height H of the greenhouse is: L=H / tan (the geographical latitude of the greenhouse is -10.5°).

4. The vegetable mechanized cultivation solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical distance between the cultivation ridge (7) close to the rear vertical surface (5) of the cultivation bed and the rear vertical surface (5) of the cultivation bed is 0.5m.

5. The vegetable mechanized cultivation solar greenhouse according to claim 2, characterized in that: The vertical projection of the intersection line of the rear slope (2) and the front roof (3) is located on the rear facade (5) of the cultivation bed.

6. The vegetable mechanized cultivation solar greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sinking depth h1 of the cultivation bed (4) is 0.5 m, and the height h2 of the vine hanging wire (8) is 1.8 m.

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