Multifunctional colorful chemical fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, in particular to a multifunctional colorful chemical fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.The multifunctional colorful chemical fertilizer is formed by mixing five components and can meet the nutritional requirements of crops in different growth periods, the coating liquid A wraps the fertilizer core particles A and the fertilizer core particles B respectively to obtain fertilizer particles A and fertilizer particles B, and the coating liquid B wraps the fertilizer core particles B to obtain fertilizer particles C. The fertilizer particles A are large in particle size and good in stability of the coating liquid, so that the fertilizer can play a role durably; the particle size of the fertilizer particles B is small, and the fertilization effect can be achieved in a short time; the fertilizer particles C are easy to break, but the contained compound microbial inoculants can synergistically play a nitrogen fixation role, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is increased. The chemical fertilizer prepared by the invention not only can achieve the effect of rapid fertilization, but also can delay the service time of the fertilizer, and the used materials are all degradable materials, so that the chemical fertilizer has wide application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, in particular to a multifunctional multicolored fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Chemical fertilizers are made by chemical methods and contain one or more nutrients required for the growth of crops. The macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil are usually not enough to meet the needs of crop growth, and they need to be supplemented by chemical fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Among the micronutrients, except for chlorine, which is not lacking in the soil, the other micronutrients require the application of trace element fertilizers. Chemical fertilizers are generally inorganic compounds, and only urea is an organic compound. Fertilizers that contain only one nutrient element with a definite content are called unit fertilizers, such as nitrogen fertilizers, phosphorus fertilizers, and potassium fertilizers. Fertilizers that contain two or more of the three nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and whose content can be indicated are called compound fertilizers or mixed fertilizers. They can meet the normal growth needs of crops and have the advantages of being easy to use, low cost, and good effect. They are being used more and more widely in agricultural production.

[0003] Conventional fertilizers are sprayed by mixing with water or in powder form. When sprayed once, it is usually difficult to maintain the effect for more than 20 days. This is because the fertilizer components are washed away by rain or penetrate deeply into the ground, making it difficult for crops to absorb the fertilizer components. Therefore, fertilizers must be sprayed frequently during the growth period of crops. In order to solve the problem of excessive fertilizer use, people have developed slow-release fertilizers. Slow-release fertilizers mainly refer to fertilizers that release nutrients at a slower rate and have a longer release cycle, which is much less than the release rate of instant fertilizers in the soil. The nutrients in slow-release fertilizers can be slowly released over time through chemical compounding or physical effects.

[0004] Several patents have reported on slow-release fertilizers. For example, patent document CN103319252B discloses a polyurethane-coated controlled-release fertilizer containing a herbicide and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: placing fertilizer granules in a sugar coating machine, starting the sugar coating machine to preheat the machine, heating polyurethane coating liquid A and polyurethane coating liquid B containing the herbicide separately, spraying the heated coating liquids A and B onto the surface of the fertilizer granules, and repeating the coating process 2-6 times after the polyurethane coating liquids containing the herbicide react and solidify, thereby obtaining a polyurethane-coated controlled-release fertilizer containing the herbicide. The fertilizer prepared by this invention can effectively eliminate weeds in the field and prolong the fertilizer's action time. However, the coating material used is polyurethane, which is not easily degradable and can easily cause environmental pollution.

[0005] Therefore, according to the above-mentioned related technologies, it is urgent to develop a multifunctional colorful fertilizer that can delay the action time and is easily degradable and a preparation method thereof. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional colorful fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems of short action time and difficulty in degradation of fertilizers in the prior art.

[0007] Based on the above objectives, the present invention provides a multifunctional colorful fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The multifunctional colorful fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components, 4-5 parts of potassium fulvic acid components, 4-5 parts of alginic acid components, 1-2 parts of trace elements components, and 3-4 parts of polyglutamic acid components; The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components are obtained by mixing fertilizer particles A, fertilizer particles B and fertilizer particles C in a mass ratio of 30-40:10-15:5-10; 30-40 parts of fertilizer granules A, 10-15 parts of fertilizer granules B, and 5-10 parts of fertilizer granules C; The fertilizer particles A are prepared from fertilizer core particles A and coating liquid A; The fertilizer particles B are prepared from fertilizer core particles B and coating liquid A; The fertilizer particles C are prepared from fertilizer core particles B and coating liquid B; The particle size of the fertilizer core particle A is 4-4.5 mm; The particle size of the fertilizer core particle B is 1.5-2 mm; The coating liquid A is an ethyl cellulose ethanol solution; The coating solution B is obtained by mixing chitosan acetate solution and microbial composite bacterial agent; The active ingredients of the fertilizer core particles A and B are urea, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide.

[0008] Preferably, the preparation method of the fertilizer core particle A is as follows: Mix urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water and clay evenly, and pour into a fully automatic pelletizing machine A to obtain fertilizer core particles A; The mass ratio of urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water and clay is 30-40:15-20:15-20:1-2:3-4:1.5-2.5; The speed of the fully automatic pill making machine A is set to 30-40 r / min; The preparation method of the fertilizer core particle B is as follows: Mix urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water and clay evenly, and pour into a fully automatic pelletizing machine B to obtain fertilizer core particles B; The mass ratio of urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water and clay is 30-40:15-20:15-20:1-2:3-4:1.5-2.5; The rotation speed of the fully automatic pill making machine B is set to 45-55r / min.

[0009] Preferably, the preparation method of the coating solution A is as follows: Add ethyl cellulose to the flask containing the ethanol solution and stir at 35-45°C until it is completely dissolved to obtain coating solution A; The ratio of ethanol to ethyl cellulose is 10-20 mL: 0.4-0.5 g; The preparation method of the coating solution B is as follows: Add chitosan to a flask containing a 2% by mass dilute acetic acid solution, stir at 35-45°C until completely dissolved, then add the microbial composite agent, mix well, and obtain coating solution B; The usage ratio of the dilute acetic acid solution, chitosan, and microbial composite agent is 10-15 mL: 0.5-0.8 g: 0.03-0.08 g; The microbial composite agent is obtained by mixing Flavobacterium brevis, Bacillus subtilis and Actinomyces naeslundii in a mass ratio of 0.5-1:2:1-2.

[0010] Preferably, the preparation method of the fertilizer granules A is as follows: The fertilizer core particles A are placed in a water chestnut-type coating machine and preheated at 100-110°C for 10-15 minutes. After preheating, the drum is started at a speed of 70-80 r / min, and the coating liquid A is added to the drum for a mixing and heat curing reaction for 30-40 minutes. After repeating this coating process 3 times, the fertilizer particles are dried at 70-80°C for 3-4 hours to obtain fertilizer particles A. The preparation method of the fertilizer granules B is as follows: The fertilizer core particles B are placed in a water chestnut-type coating machine and preheated at 100-110°C for 10-15 minutes. After preheating, the drum is started at a speed of 70-80 r / min, and the coating liquid A is added to the drum for a mixing and heat curing reaction for 30-40 minutes. After repeating this coating process 3 times, the fertilizer particles are dried at 70-80°C for 3-4 hours to obtain fertilizer particles B. The preparation method of the fertilizer granules C is as follows: The fertilizer core particles B are placed in a water chestnut-type coating machine and preheated at 50-65°C for 10-15 minutes. After preheating, the drum is started at a speed of 70-80 r / min, and the coating liquid B is added to the drum for a mixing and heat curing reaction for 50-70 minutes. After repeating this coating process 3 times, the fertilizer particles are dried at 50-60°C for 4-5 hours to obtain fertilizer particles C. The mass ratio of the fertilizer core particles A to the coating liquid A in the fertilizer particles A is 10-20:1-3; The mass ratio of the fertilizer core particles B to the coating liquid A in the fertilizer particles B is 10-20:0.5-2; The mass ratio of the fertilizer core particles B to the coating liquid B in the fertilizer particles C is 10-20:0.5-2.

[0011] Preferably, the preparation method of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium component is as follows: Fertilizer granules A, fertilizer granules B, and fertilizer granules C are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 30-40:10-15:5-10 to obtain nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium components.

[0012] Preferably, the preparation method of the potassium fulvic acid component is as follows: Potassium fulvic acid, deionized water and clay are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 8-10:2-3:1.5-2.5, poured into a fully automatic pill making machine, and set the speed to 45-55r / min to obtain a potassium fulvic acid component.

[0013] Preferably, the preparation method of the alginic acid component is as follows: Alginic acid, citric acid, deionized water and clay are evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 8-10:5-8:3-4:2-3, poured into a fully automatic pelletizing machine, and set the speed to 45-55 r / min to obtain an alginate component.

[0014] Preferably, the preparation method of the trace element component is as follows: Zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate, boric acid, deionized water and clay are evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 2-3:2-3:2-3:4-5:3-4:2-3:3-4, poured into a fully automatic pelletizing machine, and set the speed to 45-55 r / min to obtain trace element components.

[0015] Preferably, the preparation method of the polyglutamic acid component is as follows: Polyglutamic acid, deionized water and clay were mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 7-8:2-3:2-3, poured into a fully automatic pelletizing machine, and set the speed to 45-55 r / min to obtain a polyglutamic acid component.

[0016] A method for preparing a multifunctional colorful fertilizer comprises the following steps: The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components, the potassium humate component, the alginic acid component, the trace element component and the polyglutamic acid component are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 25-30:4-5:4-5:1-2:3-4 to obtain a multifunctional colorful fertilizer.

[0017] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention provides a multifunctional multicolored fertilizer and its preparation method. The fertilizer is composed of a mixture of five colored components, which can meet the nutritional needs of crops at different growth stages and also allow fertilizer utilization to be monitored during fertilization. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium components are obtained by mixing three fertilizer particles. Coating liquid A coats fertilizer core particles A and B, respectively, to obtain fertilizer particles A and B. Coating liquid B coats fertilizer core particles B to obtain fertilizer particles C.

[0018] In the present invention, fertilizer granules A have a large particle size, high content, and good coating liquid stability, allowing the fertilizer to function continuously and stably. Fertilizer granules B have a smaller particle size and can achieve fertilization results in a shorter time than fertilizer granules A. Fertilizer granules C have coating liquid B that easily breaks, but its content is low, and the microbial composite agent contained in the small particle size can better contact the soil, synergistically exerting a nitrogen-fixing effect and increasing fertilizer utilization. The fertilizer produced by the present invention can achieve rapid fertilization effects, delay fertilizer use time, and improve fertilizer utilization. Furthermore, the materials used are all biodegradable, reducing soil pollution. Compared with existing technologies, it has broad application prospects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0020] The sources and properties of some of the raw materials used in the present invention are as follows: Urea was purchased from Zhongshan Dixin Chemical Co., Ltd.; phosphorus pentoxide was purchased from Shandong Xiju Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; potassium oxide was purchased from Shanghai Hanhong Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.; zinc sulfate was purchased from Jiangsu Aofu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; manganese sulfate was purchased from Zhongshan Dixin Chemical Co., Ltd.; citric acid was purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.; butachlor was purchased from Hubei Supu Chemical Co., Ltd.; ethyl cellulose was purchased from Shijiazhuang Chenxu Cellulose Co., Ltd.; chitosan was purchased from Shanghai Zhongfeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis was deposited in the General Microbiology Center of China Culture Collection Administration, with the deposit number CGMCC No. 21826.

[0021] Example 1: A method for preparing a multifunctional colorful fertilizer, comprising the following steps: S1. Urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water, and clay were mixed in a mass ratio of 30:15:15:1:3:1.5 and poured into an automatic pelletizer A at a speed of 30 rpm to obtain fertilizer core pellets A. S2. Urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water, and clay were mixed in a mass ratio of 30:15:15:1:3:1.5 and poured into an automatic pelletizer B at a speed of 45 rpm to obtain fertilizer core pellets B. S3. Add 0.4 g of ethyl cellulose to a flask containing 10 mL of ethanol solution and stir at 35°C until completely dissolved to obtain coating solution A. S4. Add 0.5 g of chitosan to 10 mL of 2% dilute acetic acid solution in a flask and stir at 35°C until completely dissolved. Then add 0.03 g of a microbial composite agent, wherein the microbial composite agent is a mixture of Flavobacterium breve, Bacillus subtilis, and Actinomyces naeslundii in a mass ratio of 0.5:2:1, to obtain coating solution B. S5. Place 10 g of fertilizer core particles A in a water chestnut-type coating machine and preheat at 100°C for 15 min. After preheating, start the drum at 70 rpm and add 1 g of coating solution A to the drum for a 40-min mixing and heat curing reaction. Repeat this coating process three times and then dry at 70°C for 4 h to obtain fertilizer particles A. S6. Place 10 g of fertilizer core particles B in a water chestnut-type coating machine and preheat at 100°C for 15 min. After preheating, start the drum at 70 rpm and add 0.5 g of coating solution A to the drum for a 40-min mixing and heat curing reaction. Repeat this coating process three times and then dry at 70°C for 4 h to obtain fertilizer particles B. S7. Place 10 g of fertilizer core particles B in a water chestnut-type coating machine and preheat at 50°C for 15 min. After preheating, start the drum at 70 rpm and add 0.5 g of coating solution B to the drum for 70 min of mixing and heat curing. Repeat this coating process three times and then dry at 50°C for 5 h to obtain fertilizer particles C. S8. The fertilizer granules A, B, and C are mixed in a mass ratio of 30:10:5 to obtain a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium component; S9. Potassium fulvic acid, deionized water, and clay were mixed in a mass ratio of 8:2:1.5, poured into an automatic pelletizing machine, and set the speed to 45 rpm to obtain a potassium fulvic acid component; S10. Alginic acid, citric acid, deionized water, and clay were mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 8:5:3:2, poured into an automatic pelletizing machine, and set the speed to 45 rpm to obtain an alginate component; S11. Zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate, boric acid, deionized water, and clay were mixed in a mass ratio of 2:2:2:4:3:2:3 and poured into an automatic pelletizing machine at a speed of 45 rpm to obtain a trace element component; S12. Polyglutamic acid, deionized water, and clay were mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 7:2:2 and poured into an automatic pelletizing machine at a speed of 45 rpm to obtain a polyglutamic acid component; S13. Evenly mix the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components, the potassium humate component, the alginic acid component, the trace element component and the polyglutamic acid component in a mass ratio of 25:4:4:1:3 to obtain a multifunctional colorful fertilizer.

[0022] Example 2: A method for preparing a multifunctional colorful fertilizer, comprising the following steps: S1. Urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water, and clay were mixed in a mass ratio of 35:18:18:1.5:3.5:2. The mixture was poured into an automatic pelletizer A at a speed of 35 rpm to obtain fertilizer core pellets A. S2. Urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water, and clay were mixed in a mass ratio of 35:18:18:1.5:3.5:2 and poured into an automatic pelletizer B at a speed of 50 rpm to obtain fertilizer core pellets B. S3. Add 0.45 g of ethyl cellulose to a flask containing 15 mL of ethanol solution and stir at 40°C until completely dissolved to obtain coating solution A. S4. Add 0.6 g of chitosan to 12 mL of 2% dilute acetic acid solution in a flask and stir at 40°C until completely dissolved. Then add 0.05 g of a microbial composite agent, wherein the microbial composite agent is a mixture of Flavobacterium brevis, Bacillus subtilis, and Actinomyces naeslundii in a mass ratio of 0.8:2:1.5, to obtain coating solution B. S5. 15 g of fertilizer core particles A were placed in a water chestnut-type coating machine and preheated at 105°C for 13 min. After preheating, the drum was started at 75 rpm and 2 g of coating solution A was added to the drum for a 35 min mixing and heat curing reaction. This coating process was repeated three times and then dried at 75°C for 3.5 h to obtain fertilizer particles A. S6. Place 15 g of fertilizer core particles B in a water chestnut-type coating machine and preheat at 105°C for 13 min. After preheating, start the drum at 75 rpm and add 1 g of coating solution A to the drum for a 35-min mixing and heat curing reaction. Repeat this coating process three times and then dry at 75°C for 3.5 h to obtain fertilizer particles B. S7. Place 15 g of fertilizer core particles B in a water chestnut-type coating machine and preheat at 60°C for 13 min. After preheating, start the drum at 75 rpm and add 1 g of coating solution B to the drum for a 60-min mixing and heat curing reaction. Repeat this coating process three times and then dry at 55°C for 4.5 h to obtain fertilizer particles C. S8. The fertilizer granules A, B, and C are mixed in a mass ratio of 35:13:8 to obtain nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium components; S9. Potassium fulvic acid, deionized water, and clay were mixed in a mass ratio of 9:2.5:2 and poured into an automatic pelletizing machine at a speed of 50 rpm to obtain a potassium fulvic acid component; S10. Alginic acid, citric acid, deionized water, and clay were mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 9:6:3.5:2.5, and the mixture was poured into an automatic pelletizing machine at a speed of 50 rpm to obtain an alginate component. S11. Zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate, boric acid, deionized water, and clay were mixed in a mass ratio of 2.5:2.5:2.5:4.5:3.5:2.5:3.4 and poured into an automatic pelletizing machine at a speed of 50 r / min to obtain trace element components; S12. Polyglutamic acid, deionized water, and clay were mixed in a mass ratio of 7.8:2.5:2.5 and poured into an automatic pelletizing machine at a speed of 50 rpm to obtain a polyglutamic acid component. S13. Evenly mix the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components, the potassium humate component, the alginic acid component, the trace element component and the polyglutamic acid component in a mass ratio of 28:4.5:4.5:1.5:3.5 to obtain a multifunctional colorful fertilizer.

[0023] Example 3: A method for preparing a multifunctional colorful fertilizer, comprising the following steps: S1. Urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water, and clay were mixed in a mass ratio of 40:20:20:2:4:2.5 and poured into an automatic pelletizer A at a speed of 40 rpm to obtain fertilizer core pellets A. S2. Urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water, and clay were mixed in a mass ratio of 40:20:20:2:4:2.5 and poured into an automatic pelletizer B at a speed of 55 rpm to obtain fertilizer core pellets B. S3. Add 0.5 g of ethyl cellulose to a flask containing 20 mL of ethanol solution and stir at 45°C until completely dissolved to obtain coating solution A. S4. Add 0.8 g of chitosan to 15 mL of 2% dilute acetic acid solution in a flask and stir at 45°C until completely dissolved. Then add 0.08 g of a microbial composite agent, wherein the microbial composite agent is a mixture of Flavobacterium brevis, Bacillus subtilis, and Actinomyces naeslundii in a mass ratio of 1:2:2, to obtain coating solution B. S5. Place 20 g of fertilizer core particles A in a water chestnut-type coating machine and preheat at 110°C for 10 min. After preheating, start the drum at 80 rpm and add 3 g of coating solution A to the drum for 30 min of mixing and heat curing. Repeat this coating process three times and then dry at 80°C for 3 h to obtain fertilizer particles A. S6. Place 20 g of fertilizer core particles B in a water chestnut-type coating machine and preheat at 110°C for 10 min. After preheating, start the drum at 80 rpm and add 2 g of coating solution A to the drum for a 30-min mixing and heat curing reaction. Repeat this coating process three times and then dry at 80°C for 3 h to obtain fertilizer particles B. S7. Place 20 g of fertilizer core particles B in a water chestnut-type coating machine and preheat at 65°C for 10 min. After preheating, start the drum at 80 rpm and add 2 g of coating solution B to the drum for a 50-min mixing and heat curing reaction. Repeat this coating process three times and then dry at 60°C for 4 h to obtain fertilizer particles C. S8. The fertilizer granules A, B, and C are mixed in a mass ratio of 40:15:10 to obtain nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium components; S9. Potassium fulvic acid, deionized water, and clay were mixed in a mass ratio of 10:3:2.5, poured into an automatic pelletizing machine, and set the speed to 55 rpm to obtain a potassium fulvic acid component; S10. Alginic acid, citric acid, deionized water, and clay were mixed in a mass ratio of 10:8:4:3, poured into an automatic pelletizing machine, and set the speed to 55 rpm to obtain an alginate component; S11. Zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate, boric acid, deionized water, and clay were mixed in a mass ratio of 3:3:3:5:4:3:4 and poured into an automatic pelletizing machine at a speed of 55 rpm to obtain a trace element component. S12. Polyglutamic acid, deionized water, and clay were mixed in a mass ratio of 8:3:3 and poured into an automatic pelletizing machine at a speed of 55 rpm to obtain a polyglutamic acid component. S13. Evenly mix the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components, the potassium humate component, the alginic acid component, the trace element component and the polyglutamic acid component in a mass ratio of 30:5:5:2:4 to obtain a multifunctional colorful fertilizer.

[0024] Comparative Example 1: Compared with Example 1, this comparative example only replaces "fertilizer particles A" with "an equal amount of fertilizer particles B", and the remaining steps and parameters are the same, which will not be repeated in this comparative example. Finally, a multifunctional colorful fertilizer is obtained.

[0025] Comparative Example 2: Compared with Example 1, this comparative example only replaces "fertilizer particles A" with "an equal amount of fertilizer particles C", and the remaining steps and parameters are the same, which will not be repeated in this comparative example. Finally, a multifunctional colorful fertilizer is obtained.

[0026] Comparative Example 3: Compared with Example 1, this comparative example only replaces "fertilizer particles B" with "an equal amount of fertilizer particles A", and the remaining steps and parameters are the same, which will not be repeated in this comparative example. Finally, a multifunctional colorful fertilizer is obtained.

[0027] Comparative Example 4: Compared with Example 1, this comparative example only replaces "fertilizer particles B" with "an equal amount of fertilizer particles C", and the remaining steps and parameters are the same, which will not be repeated in this comparative example. Finally, a multifunctional colorful fertilizer is obtained.

[0028] Comparative Example 5: Compared with Example 1, this comparative example only replaces "fertilizer particles C" with "an equal amount of fertilizer particles B", and the remaining steps and parameters are the same, which will not be repeated in this comparative example. Finally, a multifunctional colorful fertilizer is obtained.

[0029] Comparative Example 6: Compared with Example 1, this comparative example only replaces "fertilizer particles C" with "an equal amount of fertilizer particles A", and the remaining steps and parameters are the same, which will not be repeated in this comparative example. Finally, a multifunctional colorful fertilizer is obtained.

[0030] Comparative Example 7: Compared with Example 1, this comparative example only replaces "fertilizer particles A, fertilizer particles B, and fertilizer particles C are evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 30:10:5" with "fertilizer particles A, fertilizer particles B, and fertilizer particles C are evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 10:10:10". The remaining steps and parameters are the same and will not be repeated in this comparative example. Finally, a multifunctional colorful fertilizer is obtained.

[0031] Comparative Example 8: Compared with Example 1, this comparative example only replaces "fertilizer particles A, fertilizer particles B, and fertilizer particles C are evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 30:10:5" with "fertilizer particles A, fertilizer particles B, and fertilizer particles C are evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 5:10:30". The remaining steps and parameters are the same and will not be repeated in this comparative example. Finally, a multifunctional colorful fertilizer is obtained.

[0032] Performance testing: Sustained release performance: With reference to the standard of "GB / T23348-2009 Slow-release Fertilizer", 5.0 g of the multifunctional colorful fertilizer prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-8 were weighed and placed in a nylon mesh bag, which was placed in a beaker containing 1000 mL of deionized water and allowed to stand, covered and sealed, and placed in an electrically heated constant temperature incubator at 25 ± 0.5 ° C. Before each sampling, the nylon bag was taken out and the solution was stirred evenly. After sampling, the excess solution was poured out and 1000 mL of new deionized water was poured again. The solution sample was stored in a 10 mL centrifuge tube. The initial nutrient release rate and 28d cumulative nutrient release rate of the multifunctional colorful fertilizer nitrogen element prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-8 were measured; The calculation formula for initial nutrient release rate is: Initial nutrient release rate (%) = (amount of nitrogen released from fertilizer within 24 hours / total nitrogen content in fertilizer) × 100% Calculation formula for 28-day accumulated nutrient release rate: 28-day accumulated nutrient release rate (%) = (28-day accumulated nutrient release of fertilizer nitrogen / total nitrogen content in fertilizer) × 100% Referring to the standard "HJ636-2012 Determination of Total Nitrogen in Water - Alkaline Potassium Persulfate Digestion Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry", 2.0 g of the multifunctional colorful fertilizer prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-8 were weighed and evenly mixed with 200 g of dried soil. The mixture was placed in a 25°C constant temperature incubation container, and 100 mL of deionized water was added to the soil weekly. The soil leachate was collected and stored in a centrifuge tube. The total nitrogen content of the extract was measured after 5 weeks to obtain the nitrogen leaching rate of the fertilizer. Calculation formula for nitrogen leaching rate: Nitrogen leaching rate (%) = (total nitrogen content in the extract / total nitrogen content applied to the soil) × 100% Biodegradability: The coating solutions A and B prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 were evenly spread on a glass plate and scraped with a 1000 μm thick scraper. After air-drying for half an hour, 2 g of the solution was buried in soil at a depth of 3 cm to 5 cm. After 100 days of burial, the film was removed, washed, and dried, and the film mass was measured to obtain the degradation rate of the coating solution A and the coating solution B. Degradation rate (%) = (mass of film after 100 days of landfill / initial mass of film) × 100% Table 1 Summary of experimental data in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 project Initial nutrient release rate / % 28d accumulated nutrient release rate / % Nitrogen leaching rate / % Degradation rate / % Example 1 6.25 63.44 56.2 7.45 Example 2 6.79 61.97 52.4 7.63 Example 3 6.34 64.26 55.7 7.52 Comparative Example 1 9.46 69.46 58.8 7.53 Comparative Example 2 14.25 73.26 63.3 8.32 Comparative Example 3 5.43 63.55 53.7 6.37 Comparative Example 4 9.73 69.94 60.2 7.86 Comparative Example 5 6.21 64.35 55.4 6.82 Comparative Example 6 5.12 64.29 55.2 5.33 Comparative Example 7 10.67 68.63 57.1 7.55 Comparative Example 8 13.25 70.25 61.4 8.13 Data Analysis: As can be seen from Table 1, the multifunctional colorful fertilizer prepared by the present invention has better slow-release performance and biodegradability. This may be because the fertilizer particles A have a large particle size, high content and good coating liquid stability, which makes the fertilizer 28d cumulative nutrient release rate and nitrogen leaching rate low, which meets the reference standard; the fertilizer particles B have a smaller particle size and can take effect faster than the fertilizer particles A after fertilization, which not only meets the initial nutrient release rate of the reference standard, but also can quickly fertilize the soil; the fertilizer particles C have a small particle size and a large specific surface area of ​​the particles, so the microbial composite agent can better contact with the soil, mineralize organic nitrogen into inorganic nitrogen for plant use, and increase the fertilizer utilization rate; the coating liquids used are ethyl cellulose ethanol solution and chitosan acetic acid solution, both of which are degradable materials, which makes the biodegradability of the fertilizer better.

[0033] In Comparative Example 1, since "fertilizer granules A" are replaced with "an equal amount of fertilizer granules B", it can be seen from Table 1 that its slow-release performance is poor and its biodegradability is good. This may be because the particle size of fertilizer granules B is smaller, which takes effect faster in the early stage of fertilization, but has a poor slow-release effect. In addition, the coating liquid content in fertilizer granules B is relatively low, and the lower the film content, the easier it is to degrade. Therefore, the slow-release performance of Comparative Example 1 is worse than that of Example 1, but its biodegradability is good. Comparative Example 2, in which "fertilizer granules A" are replaced with "an equal amount of fertilizer granules C", shows poor slow-release performance and good biodegradability as can be seen from Table 1. This may be because the fertilizer granules C have a smaller particle size and are easily broken, resulting in a faster nutrient release rate and a poor slow-release effect. The fertilizer granules C contain a smaller coating liquid content and a small amount of microbial composite agent that can promote easy degradation of the film by producing enzymes. Therefore, the slow-release performance of Comparative Example 2 is worse than that of Example 1, but the biodegradability is good. Comparative Example 3, in which "fertilizer granules B" are replaced with "an equal amount of fertilizer granules A", has poor biodegradability and good sustained-release effect, as can be seen from Table 1. This may be because fertilizer granules A have a large particle size and a high content, which slows down their effect in the early stages of fertilization, but has a good sustained-release effect. In addition, fertilizer granules A contain a high content of coating liquid, and the higher the film content, the less likely it is to degrade. Therefore, Comparative Example 3 exhibits poor biodegradability compared to Example 1, but a good sustained-release effect. Comparative Example 4 replaces "fertilizer granules B" with "an equal amount of fertilizer granules C". As can be seen from Table 1, its slow-release performance is poor and its biodegradability is good. This may be because fertilizer granules C are easily broken, the nutrient release rate is faster, and the slow-release effect is poor. In addition, the coating liquid content in fertilizer granules C is small, and a small amount of microbial composite agent is contained, which can promote film degradation by producing enzymes. Therefore, the slow-release performance of Comparative Example 4 is worse than that of Example 1, and the biodegradability is good. Comparative Example 5, in which "fertilizer granules C" are replaced with "an equal amount of fertilizer granules B", has poor biodegradability and good sustained-release effect, as can be seen from Table 1. This may be because the coating liquid used for fertilizer granules B is more stable and not easy to break. In the initial stage of fertilization, the nutrient supply is relatively small, but the sustained-release effect is good. In addition, since the chitosan acetate film contains a microbial composite agent, it is easier to degrade. Therefore, the biodegradability of Comparative Example 5 is worse than that of Example 1, but the sustained-release effect is good. Comparative Example 6 replaces "fertilizer granules C" with "an equal amount of fertilizer granules A". As can be seen from Table 1, its biodegradability is poor, but the sustained-release effect is good. This may be because the fertilizer granules A have a larger particle size, the coating liquid used is more stable, and are not easy to break. In the initial stage of fertilization, less nutrients are provided, but the sustained-release effect is better. In addition, when containing the microbial composite agent, the chitosan acetate film is more easily degraded. Therefore, the biodegradability of Comparative Example 6 is worse than that of Example 1, but the sustained-release effect is good. Comparative Example 7 replaces "fertilizer granules A, fertilizer granules B, and fertilizer granules C are uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 30:10:5" with "fertilizer granules A, fertilizer granules B, and fertilizer granules C are uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 10:10:10". As can be seen from Table 1, its slow-release performance is poor and its biodegradability is good. This may be because the content of fertilizer granules A is reduced and the content of fertilizer granules C is increased, which can provide more nutrients in the initial stage of fertilization, but the slow-release effect is poor. Therefore, the slow-release performance of Comparative Example 7 is worse than that of Example 1, and its biodegradability is good; In Comparative Example 8, since "fertilizer granules A, fertilizer granules B, and fertilizer granules C are evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 30:10:5" is replaced by "fertilizer granules A, fertilizer granules B, and fertilizer granules C are evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 5:10:30", it can be seen from Table 1 that its slow-release performance is poor and its biodegradability is good. This may be because the proportion of fertilizer granules C in the fertilizer is too high and the content of fertilizer granules A, which mainly play a slow-release role, is too small. Therefore, the slow-release performance exhibited by Comparative Example 8 is worse than that of Example 1, and its biodegradability is good.

[0034] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present invention is limited to these examples. Within the scope of the present invention, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the present invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.

[0035] The present invention is intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional colorful fertilizer, characterized in that: It is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components, 4-5 parts of potassium humate components, 4-5 parts of alginic acid components, 1-2 parts of trace elements components, and 3-4 parts of polyglutamic acid components; The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components are obtained by mixing fertilizer particles A, fertilizer particles B and fertilizer particles C in a mass ratio of 30-40:10-15:5-10; The fertilizer particles A are prepared from fertilizer core particles A and coating liquid A; The fertilizer particles B are prepared from fertilizer core particles B and coating liquid A; The fertilizer particles C are prepared from fertilizer core particles B and coating liquid B; The particle size of the fertilizer core particle A is 4-4.5 mm; The particle size of the fertilizer core particle B is 1.5-2 mm; The coating solution A is an ethyl cellulose ethanol solution; The coating solution B is obtained by mixing chitosan acetic acid solution and microbial composite bacterial agent; The active ingredients of the fertilizer core particles A and B are urea, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide.

2. The multifunctional colorful fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the fertilizer core particle A is as follows: Mix urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water and clay evenly, and pour them into a fully automatic pelletizing machine A to obtain fertilizer core particles A; The mass ratio of urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water and clay is 30-40: 15-20: 15-20: 1-2: 3-4: 1.5-2.5; The speed of the fully automatic pill making machine A is set to 30-40r / min; The preparation method of the fertilizer core particle B is as follows: Mix urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water and clay evenly, and pour into a fully automatic pelletizing machine B to obtain fertilizer core particles B with a particle size of; The mass ratio of urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water and clay is 30-40: 15-20: 15-20: 1-2: 3-4: 1.5-2.5; The rotation speed of the fully automatic pill making machine B is set to 45-55r / min.

3. The multifunctional colorful fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the coating solution A is as follows: Add ethyl cellulose to the flask containing the ethanol solution, and stir at 35-45°C until it is completely dissolved to obtain coating solution A; The dosage ratio of the ethanol to the ethyl cellulose is 10-20 mL: 0.4-0.5 g; The preparation method of the coating solution B is as follows: Add chitosan to a flask containing a 2% by mass dilute acetic acid solution, stir at 35-45°C until completely dissolved, then add the microbial composite agent, mix well, and obtain coating solution B; The usage ratio of the dilute acetic acid solution, chitosan, and the microbial composite agent is 10-15 mL: 0.5-0.8 g: 0.03-0.08 g; The microbial composite bacterial agent is obtained by mixing Flavobacterium brevis, Bacillus subtilis and Actinomyces naeslundii in a mass ratio of 0.5-1:2:1-2.

4. The multifunctional colorful fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the fertilizer granules A is as follows: Put the fertilizer core particles A into a water chestnut-type coating machine, preheat at 100-110°C for 10-15 minutes, start the drum at a speed of 70-80r / min after preheating, add the coating liquid A into the drum for 30-40 minutes of mixed heat curing reaction, repeat this coating process 3 times, and dry at 70-80°C for 3-4 hours to obtain fertilizer particles A; The preparation method of the fertilizer granules B is as follows: The fertilizer core particles B are placed in a water chestnut-type coating machine, preheated at 100-110°C for 10-15 minutes, and after preheating, the drum is started at a speed of 70-80r / min, and the coating liquid A is added to the drum for a mixed heat curing reaction for 30-40 minutes. After repeating this coating process 3 times, the fertilizer particles are dried at 70-80°C for 3-4 hours to obtain fertilizer particles B; The preparation method of the fertilizer granules C is as follows: Put the fertilizer core particles B into a water chestnut-type coating machine, preheat at 50-65°C for 10-15 minutes, start the drum at a speed of 70-80r / min after preheating, add the coating liquid B into the drum for 50-70 minutes of mixed heat curing reaction, repeat this coating process 3 times, and dry at 50-60°C for 4-5 hours to obtain fertilizer particles C; The mass ratio of the fertilizer core particles A to the coating liquid A in the fertilizer particles A is 10-20:1-3; The mass ratio of the fertilizer core particle B to the coating liquid A in the fertilizer particle B is 10-20:0.5-2; The mass ratio of the fertilizer core particles B to the coating liquid B in the fertilizer particles C is 10-20:0.5-2.

5. The multifunctional colorful fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium component is as follows: Fertilizer granules A, fertilizer granules B and fertilizer granules C are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 30-40:10-15:5-10 to obtain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components.

6. The multifunctional colorful fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the potassium humate component is as follows: Potassium humate, deionized water and clay are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 8-10:2-3:1.5-2.5, poured into a fully automatic pill making machine, and the speed is set to 45-55r / min to obtain a potassium humate component.

7. The multifunctional colorful fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the alginic acid component is as follows: Alginic acid, citric acid, deionized water and clay are evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 8-10:5-8:3-4:2-3, poured into a fully automatic pill making machine, and the speed is set to 45-55r / min to obtain an alginate component.

8. The multifunctional colorful fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the trace element component is as follows: Zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate, boric acid, deionized water and clay are evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 2-3:2-3:2-3:4-5:3-4:2-3:3-4, poured into a fully automatic pill-making machine, set the speed to 45-55r / min, and obtain trace element components.

9. The multifunctional colorful fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the polyglutamic acid component is as follows: The polyglutamic acid, deionized water and clay were mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 7-8:2-3:2-3, poured into a fully automatic pill making machine, and the speed was set to 45-55 r / min to obtain a polyglutamic acid component.

10. A method for preparing the multifunctional colorful fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components, the potassium humate component, the alginic acid component, the trace element component and the polyglutamic acid component are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 25-30:4-5:4-5:1-2:3-4 to obtain a multifunctional colorful fertilizer.