Dam leak water outlet emergency disposal device and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a dam leak water outlet emergency disposal device and a use method thereof.The device comprises a drainage inserter, an inverted filter mechanism and a water storage mechanism which are detachably connected in sequence, the inverted filter mechanism comprises an inverted filter material box, and the interior of the inverted filter material box is divided into a plurality of inverted filter material bins through a plurality of partition plates with holes; the inverted filter material bin is filled with an inverted filter material, and a cover plate is arranged on the inverted filter material bin; the water storage mechanism comprises a water storage tank and a water storage well, the water storage well is arranged at the top of the water storage tank, and a plurality of water outlets are formed in the water storage well at intervals in the height direction of the water storage well. According to the emergency disposal device for the dam vulnerability water outlet, an inverted filtration trunk method is applied to emergency rescue of the dam vulnerability water outlet, the device adopts modular design, is light, convenient, detachable and convenient to assemble, can reduce input of manpower and material resources, can improve the emergency rescue efficiency and can be repeatedly used.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of emergency rescue treatment of dam leakage, and in particular to an emergency treatment device for a dam leakage outlet and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Leakage is a common leakage hazard in dams and one of the most dangerous ones. When a leakage occurs, it is accompanied by concentrated leakage, with large leakage and high flow velocity of water in the holes, making it difficult to seal. When a leakage occurs in a dam, sealing the leakage is an important means of emergency treatment. The treatment concept of "cutting in front and guiding in the back, and dealing with it at the same time" is often adopted, that is, blocking the water inlet of the upstream leakage and doing a good job of anti-filtration and seepage at the water outlet of the downstream leakage.

[0003] For the emergency treatment of the leak outlet, it is not possible to completely block the water, but it is necessary to filter and guide the seepage. On the one hand, the water level of the outlet is raised to reduce the hydraulic gradient and reduce the dynamic water pressure. On the other hand, it is necessary to prevent the loss of soil and materials in the embankment and dam body to prevent the danger from continuing to expand. The emergency treatment measures commonly used for leak dangers mainly include the moon dike on the back water side and the filter pressure cover. The construction of the moon dike on the back water side requires temporary on-site masonry and requires a lot of manpower and material resources, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive; the filter pressure cover can play a filtering role, but it cannot raise the water level at the leak outlet.

[0004] The anti-filtration well method is a common method for emergency disposal of pipe burst hazards in dams. Its core is to filter and guide seepage, while raising the outlet water level and reducing the hydraulic gradient. The type of prefabricated wells currently available on the market also have the advantages of easy operation, high efficiency and speed. However, this method is still rarely used in leak outlet hazards, mainly because the location and water flow direction of leak hazards are significantly different from those of pipe bursts. For pipe burst hazards, the pipe burst outlet generally occurs on the ground near the foot of the backwater dam slope or in a distant pond, and the water flow direction at the outlet is from underground to above ground; for leak hazards, the leak outlet generally occurs on the slope surface or near the foot of the backwater slope of the dam, and the water flow direction at the outlet is from the upstream side to the downstream side. Therefore, traditional anti-filtration wells are often not suitable for emergency disposal of leak hazards. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned background technology and to provide an emergency disposal device for a dam leak outlet and a method of using the same. The device applies the reverse filtration well method to the emergency rescue of the dam leak outlet. The device adopts a modular design, is lightweight and detachable, and is easy to assemble. It can reduce the investment in manpower and material resources, improve the efficiency of emergency rescue, and can be reused repeatedly.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides an emergency disposal device for a water outlet of a dam leak, comprising a drainage inserter, a filter mechanism and a water storage mechanism which are detachably connected in sequence, the filter mechanism comprising a filter material box, the filter material box is divided into a plurality of filter material bins by a plurality of perforated partitions, the filter material bins are filled with filter material, and a cover plate is arranged on the filter material box; the water storage mechanism comprises a water storage tank and a water storage well, the water storage well is arranged at the top of the water storage tank, and the water storage well is provided with a plurality of drainage outlets at intervals along its height direction.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment, the drainage insert has a drainage inlet and a discharge outlet at both ends, and the opening size of the drainage insert gradually decreases from the drainage inlet to the discharge outlet.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the cross-section of the drainage inserter is a trapezoidal structure, the opening shape of the drainage inlet is square, the opening shape of the discharge outlet is circular, and a first interface is provided at the discharge outlet.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment, the two ends of the reverse filter material box have an inlet and an outlet, the inlet is provided with a first connector for connecting to the first interface, and the outlet is provided with a second connector.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the water tank has a water inlet and an overflow port, the water inlet is provided with a second interface connected to the second joint, the overflow port is arranged at the top of the water tank, and the water storage well is arranged above the overflow port and connected thereto.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, a third interface is provided at the overflow port of the water storage tank, and a third joint connected to the third interface is provided at the bottom of the water storage well.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the first filter material bin, the second filter material bin and the third filter material bin are sequentially arranged in the water flow direction in the filter material box, the first filter material bin is filled with fine aggregate, the second filter material bin is filled with medium aggregate, the third filter material bin is filled with coarse aggregate, the particle size of the fine aggregate is smaller than that of the medium aggregate, and the particle size of the medium aggregate is smaller than that of the coarse aggregate.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, a permeable geotextile is provided at the inlet and / or outlet of the filter material box.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for using the above-mentioned dam leak outlet emergency disposal device, comprising the following steps:

[0015] S1: Fill the outlet of the dam hole to form a temporary platform;

[0016] S2: Connecting the drainage inserter, the filter mechanism and the water storage mechanism in sequence on the temporary platform to form an integrated device;

[0017] S3: Open the cover plate on the filter material box, and sequentially fill the filter material into the third filter material bin, the second filter material bin and the first filter material bin of the filter material box in the reverse direction of the water flow;

[0018] S4: After the filter material is loaded, cover and tighten the cover plate on the filter material box, then align the drainage inserter with the outlet of the dam leak, preferably align the middle of the drainage inserter with the middle of the outlet of the dam leak, and slowly push the entire device into the dam from the back until the drainage inserter can no longer be pushed forward;

[0019] S5: The junction of the drainage inserter and the dam is sealed around the periphery, and weights are piled on both sides and the rear of the entire device to provide restraint;

[0020] S6: The water flowing out of the outlet of the dam leak gradually accumulates in the water tank and the water well. The water level in the water well gradually rises. When it rises to the drain outlet, it flows out or is led to other areas through the drainage pipe.

[0021] As a preferred implementation, in step S6, if the water level in the water storage well needs to be further raised, a plug is used to plug the drainage outlet located at the lower part of the water storage well.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0023] Firstly, compared with the traditional anti-filtration wells and assembled wells, the emergency disposal device for the dam leak outlet of the present invention can be used for the emergency disposal of the leak outlets of dams or embankments, especially the leak outlets on the downstream slope, providing an effective emergency disposal device for the leak outlets.

[0024] Secondly, the present invention applies the reverse filtration well enclosure method to the emergency treatment of leaky dangerous water outlets, which can simultaneously play the role of reverse filtration and seepage guidance and raising the water level of the water outlet to reduce the hydraulic gradient.

[0025] Thirdly, the device of the present invention adopts a modular split design, and the modules are small in size and light in weight. It has the advantages of being easy to carry, quick to assemble, simple to operate, detachable, and easy to store. It does not require the use of a large amount of local earth and stone materials, and can save a lot of manpower and material resources, thereby improving the efficiency of emergency disposal. At the same time, the device has a low manufacturing cost and low operating requirements, is easy to promote in the industry, and can be reused repeatedly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an emergency disposal device for a water outlet of a dam leak of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The main structural schematic diagram of the dam leak outlet emergency disposal device is shown;

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the emergency disposal device for the water outlet of the dam leak is shown;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the anti-filtration mechanism;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an emergency disposal device for a dam leak outlet of the present invention;

[0031] In the figure, drainage inserter 1, drainage inlet 11, discharge outlet 12, first interface 13, anti-filtration mechanism 2, anti-filter material box 21, box inlet 211, box outlet 212, perforated partition plate 22, anti-filter material bin 23, first anti-filter material bin 231, second anti-filter material bin 232, third anti-filter material bin 233, cover plate 24, first joint 25, second joint 26, water storage mechanism 3, water storage tank 31, water inlet 311, overflow port 312, water storage well 32, discharge port 33, second interface 34, third interface 35, third joint 36, leakage channel 4, temporary platform 5, downstream slope 6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following embodiments are used to describe the implementation of the present invention in detail, but they do not limit the present invention and are only used as examples. At the same time, the advantages of the present invention will become clearer and easier to understand.

[0033] like Figure 1 to Figure 3 As shown, an emergency disposal device for the outlet of a dam leak comprises a drainage inserter 1, a filter mechanism 2 and a water storage mechanism 3 which are detachably connected in sequence. The two ends of the drainage inserter 1 have a drainage inlet 11 and a discharge outlet 12, and the opening size of the drainage inserter 1 gradually decreases from the drainage inlet 11 to the discharge outlet 12. The cross section of the drainage inserter 1 is a trapezoidal structure, the opening shape of the drainage inlet 11 is square, the opening shape of the discharge outlet 12 is circular, and a first interface 13 is provided at the discharge outlet 12. In this embodiment, the drainage inserter is a thin-walled structure with a right-angled trapezoidal side and closed on all sides. The front and rear sides of the drainage inserter along the water flow direction are not closed, the front opening is the outline shape of the thin-walled structure, and the rear opening is circular. An interface is provided at the circular opening for connection with the filter box. The module is used to connect the outlet of the dam leak with the device so that the concentrated leakage water from the leak flows into the filter box.

[0034] like Figure 4As shown, the filter mechanism 2 includes a filter material box 21, which is divided into a plurality of filter material bins 23 by a plurality of perforated partitions 22. The filter material bins 23 are filled with filter material, and a cover plate 24 is provided on the filter material box 21. The filter material box 21 has an inlet 211 and an outlet 212 at both ends. The inlet 211 is provided with a first connector 25 for connecting with the first interface 13, and the outlet 212 is provided with a second connector 26. The filter material box 21 is provided with a first filter material bin 231, a second filter material bin 232 and a third filter material bin 233 in sequence along the water flow direction. The first filter material bin 231 is filled with fine particles, the second filter material bin 232 is filled with medium particles, and the third filter material bin 233 is filled with coarse particles. The particle size of the fine particles is smaller than that of the medium particles, and the particle size of the medium particles is smaller than that of the coarse particles. A permeable geotextile is provided at the box inlet 211 and / or the box outlet 212 of the filter material box 21 .

[0035] In this embodiment, the shape of the filter box is shown in Figure 4. The main body is a box-shaped thin-walled structure with a circular opening on the front and rear sides along the water flow direction. Joints are provided at the circular openings. The front joint is used to connect to the drainage inserter, and the rear joint is used to connect to the booster well. The module functions to filter and guide seepage, intercept soil particles brought out by the leaking water flow, and discharge the leaking water flow into the booster well. Three filter bins are arranged inside the filter box. The filter bins are determined according to the filter criteria. The filter bins are separated from each other by a partition with dense holes. An openable cover is provided on the top of the filter box. After the cover is opened, filter material can be loaded. There are sealing strips around the cover. After the cover is closed, the sealing strips are watertight to prevent the water flowing through the filter box from flowing out from the top.

[0036] The water storage mechanism 3 includes a water storage tank 31 and a water storage well 32. The water storage well 32 is arranged at the top of the water storage tank 31. The water storage well 32 is provided with a plurality of drainage ports 33 at intervals along its height direction. The water storage tank 31 has a water inlet 311 and an overflow port 312. A second interface 34 connected to the second joint 26 is arranged at the water inlet 311. The overflow port 312 is arranged at the top of the water storage tank 31. The water storage well 32 is arranged above the overflow port 312 and is connected thereto. A third interface 35 is arranged at the overflow port 312 of the water storage tank 31. A third joint 36 connected to the third interface 35 is arranged at the bottom of the water storage well 32. In this embodiment, the water storage mechanism consists of a water storage tank at the bottom and a water storage well at the top. The water storage tank is a box-shaped thin-walled structure with two openings. Joints are arranged at both openings. The joint at one opening is used to connect to the anti-filter material box, and the joint at the other opening is used to connect to the water storage well. The water storage well is a columnar thin-walled structure with a joint at the bottom for connecting to the water storage tank. There are drainage outlets at different heights of the water storage well. The drainage outlets can be closed with plugs or connected to drainage pipes to drain water at different elevations according to the needs of the rescue site. The function of this module is to raise the water level of the water outlet to reduce the hydraulic gradient and reduce the dynamic water pressure in the leakage channel.

[0037] The method for using the above-mentioned dam leak outlet emergency disposal device of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0038] S1: Temporarily fill the water outlet of the dam hole with soil and rocks, and fill and repair to form a temporary platform. The elevation of the temporary platform should be slightly lower than the bottom of the hole, such as Figure 5 As shown;

[0039] S2: Connecting the drainage inserter 1, the filter mechanism 2 and the water storage mechanism 3 in sequence on the temporary platform to form an integrated device;

[0040] S3: Open the cover plate 24 on the filter material box 21, and sequentially fill the coarse, medium and fine particles of filter material into the third filter material bin 233, the second filter material bin 232 and the first filter material bin 231 of the filter material box 21 in the reverse direction of the water flow. The coarse particles are generally crushed stone with a particle size of 5 to 20 mm; the medium particles are generally fine stones or small gravels with a particle size of 1 to 5 mm; the fine particles are generally fine sand with a particle size of 0.25 to 1 mm; when filling the fine particles, a layer of permeable geotextile needs to be placed on the upstream side of the bin to prevent the fine particles from flowing out from the joint.

[0041] S4: After the reverse filter material is loaded, the cover plate 24 on the reverse filter material box 21 is covered and pressed, and then the drainage inserter 1 is aligned with the water outlet of the dam leak, preferably with the middle of the drainage inserter aligned with the middle of the leak outlet, and slowly pushed into the dam from the rear of the entire device until the drainage inserter 1 can no longer be pushed forward;

[0042] S5: Use clay to seal the surroundings of the junction between the drainage inserter 1 and the dam, and pile up loads such as sandbags on both sides and the rear side of the entire device to provide restraint;

[0043] S6: After a certain period of time after completing the above operations, the water flowing out of the outlet of the dam leak gradually accumulates in the water tank 31 and the water well 32, and the water level in the water well 32 gradually rises. When it rises to the drain outlet 33, it flows out. If the water level in the water well 32 needs to be further raised, a plug is used to block the drain outlet 33 located at the lower part of the water well 32; in order to prevent the water flowing out of the drain outlet from impacting the temporary platform, a hose can be connected to the drain outlet to lead the leaking water to other areas.

[0044] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with the field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention are covered by the protection scope of the present invention, and the rest not described in detail belong to the prior art.

Claims

1. An emergency disposal device for a water outlet of a dam leak, characterized in that: The invention comprises a drainage inserter (1), a filter mechanism (2) and a water storage mechanism (3) which are detachably connected in sequence, wherein the filter mechanism (2) comprises a filter material box (21), wherein the filter material box (21) is divided into a plurality of filter material bins (23) by a plurality of perforated partitions (22), wherein the filter material bins (23) are filled with filter material, and a cover plate (24) is arranged on the filter material box (21); The water storage mechanism (3) comprises a water storage tank (31) and a water storage well (32). The water storage well (32) is arranged at the top of the water storage tank (31). The water storage well (32) is provided with a plurality of drainage openings (33) at intervals along its height direction.

2. The device for emergency disposal of dam leak outlet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage insert (1) has a drainage inlet (11) and a discharge outlet (12) at both ends, and the opening size of the drainage insert (1) gradually decreases from the drainage inlet (11) to the discharge outlet (12).

3. The device for emergency disposal of water outlet of dam leak according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cross section of the drainage inserter (1) is a trapezoidal structure, the opening shape of the drainage inlet (11) is square, the opening shape of the discharge outlet (12) is circular, and a first interface (13) is provided at the discharge outlet (12).

4. The device for emergency disposal of water outlet of dam leak according to claim 3, characterized in that: The two ends of the reverse filter material box (21) are provided with a box inlet (211) and a box outlet (212); the box inlet (211) is provided with a first connector (25) for connecting to a first interface (13); and the box outlet (212) is provided with a second connector (26).

5. The device for emergency disposal of water outlet of dam leak according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water storage tank (31) has a water inlet (311) and an overflow port (312); a second interface (34) connected to a second joint (26) is provided at the water inlet (311); the overflow port (312) is provided at the top of the water storage tank (31); and the water storage well (32) is provided above the overflow port (312) and is in communication with the overflow port (312).

6. The device for emergency disposal of water outlet of dam leak according to claim 5, characterized in that: A third interface (35) is provided at the overflow port (312) of the water storage tank (31), and a third joint (36) connected to the third interface (35) is provided at the bottom of the water storage well (32).

7. The device for emergency disposal of water outlet of dam leak according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: A first filter material bin (231), a second filter material bin (232) and a third filter material bin (233) are sequentially arranged in the filter material box (21) along the water flow direction; the first filter material bin (231) is filled with fine particles; the second filter material bin (232) is filled with medium particles; the third filter material bin (233) is filled with coarse particles; the particle size of the fine particles is smaller than that of the medium particles; and the particle size of the medium particles is smaller than that of the coarse particles.

8. The device for emergency disposal of water outlet of dam leak according to claim 7, characterized in that: A permeable geotextile is provided at the box inlet (211) and / or the box outlet (212) of the filter material box (21).

9. A method for using the dam leak outlet emergency disposal device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Fill the outlet of the dam hole to form a temporary platform; S2: connecting the drainage inserter (1), the filter mechanism (2) and the water storage mechanism (3) in sequence on a temporary platform to form an integrated device; S3: opening the cover plate (24) on the filter material box (21), and sequentially filling filter material into the third filter material bin (233), the second filter material bin (232), and the first filter material bin (231) of the filter material box (21) in the reverse direction of water flow; S4: After the filter material is loaded, the cover plate (24) on the filter material box (21) is closed and pressed tightly, and then the drainage inserter (1) is aligned with the water outlet of the dam hole and slowly pushed into the dam from the rear of the entire device until the drainage inserter (1) can no longer be pushed forward; S5: The drainage inserter (1) is sealed around the junction with the dam, and weights are piled on both sides and the rear side of the entire device to provide restraint; S6: The water flowing out of the water outlet of the dam leak gradually accumulates in the water storage tank (31) and the water storage well (32), and the water level in the water storage well (32) gradually rises. When it rises to the drain outlet (33), the leaked water flows out or is led to other areas through the drainage pipe.

10. The method of use according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S6, if the water level in the water storage well (32) needs to be further raised, a plug is used to block the drainage outlet (33) located at the lower part of the water storage well (32).

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