Fabricated concrete face rockfill dam anti-freezing structure and using method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a fabricated concrete face rock-fill dam anti-freezing structure and a using method thereof, a water stop structure is arranged in a face plate vertical seam between two adjacent concrete face plates, and the anti-freezing structure is arranged between the lowest water level of a water level amplitude variation area and the highest water level of the water level amplitude variation area; comprising a plurality of ice crushing structures which are arranged in parallel in the gradient direction of a concrete panel, the ice crushing structures are detachably connected to the surface of the concrete panel, and the ice crushing structures are arranged between the lowest water level of a water level amplitude variation area and the highest water level of the water level amplitude variation area to form a near-dam ice crushing area so as to promote crushing of an ice layer in the near-dam area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and in particular to an anti-freezing structure of an assembled concrete panel rockfill dam and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Concrete panel rockfill dams have been widely used in water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction in recent decades due to the advantages of using local materials, saving investment, and convenient construction. Engineering practice shows that in the northern cold or cold areas, under the action of freezing in winter, the concrete panel and vertical seam water-stopping structure are easily damaged locally, which leads to reduced durability. In severe cases, it even causes damage to the anti-seepage body, affecting the long-term safe operation of the power station. Solving the panel anti-freezing problem by improving the strength of the concrete panel or adopting improved panel structure seam water-stopping surface structure is not only limited in effect, but also expensive and costly. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art and provide an anti-freezing structure for an assembled concrete panel rockfill dam, which can solve the problem that the concrete panel and the vertical seam water-stopping structure are easily damaged locally in severe cold.

[0004] To this end, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: An anti-freezing structure for an assembled concrete panel rockfill dam, wherein a water-stop structure is provided in a vertical seam between two adjacent concrete panels, the anti-freezing structure is arranged between the lowest water level in a water level variation zone and the highest water level in the water level variation zone, and comprises a plurality of ice-crushing structures arranged in parallel along the slope direction of the concrete panels, the ice-crushing structures being detachably connected to the surface of the concrete panels.

[0005] On the basis of adopting the above technical solutions, the present invention may also adopt the following further technical solutions, or use these further technical solutions in combination: A protective cover is arranged between the several ice crushing structures on two adjacent concrete panels, the water stop structure is located inside the protective cover, the protective cover is detachably connected to the surface of the concrete panel, and both ends of the protective cover are fixed by edge sealing agent.

[0006] One end of the ice crushing structure on the same horizontal line is adjacent to the protection cover.

[0007] The front side of the ice crushing structure faces the lowest water level in the water level variation zone. The front side of the ice crushing structure is set as an arc plate, the lower end of the arc plate is attached to the concrete panel, and the upper end of the arc plate is tilted away from the concrete panel.

[0008] The ice crushing structure is a "factory"-shaped structure. The upper side of the ice crushing structure is a horizontally arranged plane plate. A folded angle is formed between the plane plate and the arc-shaped plate. One end of the plane plate is attached to the concrete panel.

[0009] A plurality of reinforcing ribs are fixed to the rear side of the arc-shaped plate.

[0010] The protective cover, the ice crushing structure and the reinforcing ribs are all made of stainless steel.

[0011] The lower end of the protective cover is located below the lowest water level in the water level variation zone, and the upper end of the protective cover is located above the highest water level in the water level variation zone.

[0012] The ice crushing structure is fixed on the concrete panel by countersunk bolts.

[0013] The purpose of the present invention is also to overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a method for using an anti-freezing structure of an assembled concrete panel rockfill dam, which can solve the problem that the concrete panel and the vertical seam water-stopping structure are easily damaged locally in severe cold.

[0014] To this end, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A method for using an assembled concrete panel rockfill dam anti-freezing structure comprises the following steps: 1. Prefabricate the protective cover. The size of the protective cover is designed according to the size of the water stop structure and the height between the lowest water level in the water level variation zone and the highest water level in the water level variation zone. The width of the protective cover must be greater than the width of the water stop structure, and the length of the protective cover must be greater than the length and height of the concrete panel (4) between the lowest water level in the water level variation zone and the highest water level in the water level variation zone. Second, prefabricate the crushed ice structure. Design the size of the crushed ice structure according to the lateral width of the protective cover and the concrete panel. The "factory"-shaped crushed ice structure is processed and formed in advance, and a number of reinforcing ribs are welded on the rear side of the curved plate of the crushed ice structure; 3. According to the height between the lowest water level in the water level fluctuation zone and the highest water level in the water level fluctuation zone, several crushed ice structures are arranged between the two. The crushed ice structures are arranged in parallel along the slope direction of the concrete panel. The distance between the upper and lower crushed ice structures is greater than or equal to 1.5 meters. The crushed ice structures are fixed on the concrete panel with countersunk bolts; 4. Install a protective cover on the top of the water stop structure. The protective cover is fixed on the concrete panel with bolts, and the two ends of the protective cover are fixed with edge sealing agent; 5. Operation of anti-freezing structure: When the water level changes in cold periods, the ice-breaking structure closest to the water level line will come into play. When it encounters water and freezes, the ice layer only climbs to the ice-breaking structure near the water level line, forming an ice-breaking area near the dam. The angle formed between the flat plate and the curved plate of the ice-breaking structure enhances the ice-breaking effect. The arrangement of the ice-breaking structure can be dynamically adjusted according to the ice-breaking effect during operation. If there are too many structures, they will be removed; if there are insufficient structures, they will be added.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: by setting an ice crushing structure between the lowest water level in the water level variation zone and the highest water level in the water level variation zone, an ice crushing zone near the dam is formed, thereby promoting the crushing of the ice layer in the area near the dam. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross section of AA.

[0018] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross section of BB.

[0019] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of point C in the middle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the preferred implementation scheme of the present invention is described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent elements with the same or similar functions. However, it should be understood that the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention. In order to better illustrate the present embodiment, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of the actual product. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted, and the positional relationship described in the drawings is only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0021] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0022] The present invention provides an anti-freezing structure for an assembled concrete panel rockfill dam, in which a water-stop structure 6 is provided in a vertical joint 5 between two adjacent concrete panels 4. The anti-freezing structure is arranged between a minimum water level 10 in a water level variation zone and a maximum water level 11 in the water level variation zone, and includes a plurality of ice-crushing structures 2 arranged in parallel along the slope direction of the concrete panel 4. The ice-crushing structures 2 are detachably connected to the surface of the concrete panel 4.

[0023] Generally, several rows of ice crushing structures 2 (for example, 3 to 5 rows) are arranged between the lowest water level 10 in the water level fluctuation zone and the highest water level 11 in the water level fluctuation zone. In the present embodiment, 4 rows of ice crushing structures 2 are arranged along the slope direction of the concrete surface. If the water level fluctuation of the reservoir is large, one more row can be added according to the height difference of about 2m.

[0024] When the water level changes in winter, the ice layer encounters the stainless steel anti-freeze structure, which can promote the breakage of the ice layer in the area near the dam, thus forming a "near-dam broken ice area" with a width greater than 50 cm.

[0025] A protective cover 1 is provided between the several ice crushing structures 2 on two adjacent concrete panels 4. The water stop structure 6 is located inside the protective cover 1. The protective cover 1 is detachably connected to the surface of the concrete panel 4. Both ends of the protective cover 1 are fixed with edge sealing agents.

[0026] The protective cover 1 has a more obvious "sinking" effect, which greatly reduces the ice pull-out force and ice thrust of the ice layer at the vertical seam.

[0027] The protective cover 1 and the ice crushing structure 2 are both independent structures and can better adapt to the deformation of the vertical seam.

[0028] In this embodiment, the protective cover 1 is fixed on the concrete panel 4 by bolts, and the bolt spacing is 0.3-0.5m.

[0029] One end of the crushed ice structure 2 on the same horizontal line is adjacent to the protective cover 1, that is, the sum of the lengths of several crushed ice structures 2 and the widths of several protective covers 1 on the same horizontal line is equal to the sum of the widths of several concrete panels 4, the width of the protective cover 1 is 0.6m, and the length of the crushed ice structure 2 between two protective covers 1 is the width of the concrete panel 4 minus 0.6m, and the width of the concrete panel 4 is 9~12m.

[0030] The front side of the ice crushing structure 2 faces the lowest water level 10 in the water level variation area. The front side of the ice crushing structure 2 is set as an arc plate, the lower end of the arc plate is attached to the concrete panel 4, and the upper end of the arc plate is tilted away from the concrete panel 4.

[0031] In this embodiment, the arc plate is an arc plate with a radius ranging from 0.7 to 1.1 m.

[0032] The ice crushing structure 2 is a "factory"-shaped structure. The upper side of the ice crushing structure 2 is a horizontally arranged plane plate. An angle is formed between the plane plate and the arc plate. One end of the plane plate is attached to the concrete panel 4.

[0033] When the water level rises, the anti-icing structure's anti-arc steel plate makes it easier for the ice to climb up, and the angle between the anti-arc and the horizontal section enhances the ice-breaking effect.

[0034] In this embodiment, the length of the plane plate is 0.5-1 m.

[0035] A number of reinforcing ribs 3 are fixed to the rear side of the arc-shaped plate.

[0036] In this embodiment, the reinforcing ribs 3 are perpendicular to the plane plate of the ice crushing structure 2 and are located below the plane plate. The reinforcing ribs 3 are welded to the ice crushing structure 2. Each ice crushing structure 2 can be welded with 4 to 6 reinforcing ribs 3, and the distance between two adjacent reinforcing ribs 3 is about 2m.

[0037] The protective cover 1, the ice crushing structure 2, and the reinforcing ribs 3 are all made of stainless steel, which can prevent rust and improve durability.

[0038] In this embodiment, the thickness of the stainless steel plate used for the protective cover 1 is 0.5~1mm; the thickness of the stainless steel plate used for the ice crushing structure 2 is 0.8~2mm, which can be adjusted according to the degree of freezing; the thickness of the stainless steel plate used for the reinforcing rib 3 is 0.8~2mm.

[0039] The lower end of the protective cover 1 is located below the lowest water level 10 in the water level variation zone, and the upper end of the protective cover 1 is located above the highest water level 11 in the water level variation zone.

[0040] In this embodiment, the lower end of the protective cover 1 is located 0.5 m below the lowest water level 10 of the water level variation zone, and the upper end of the protective cover 1 is located 0.5 m above the highest water level 11 of the water level variation zone.

[0041] The ice crushing structure 2 is fixed on the concrete panel 4 by countersunk bolts, and the distance between two adjacent countersunk bolts is 0.3m~0.5m.

[0042] Anchoring with countersunk bolts can reduce the resistance to ice surface lifting, prevent the joint anchors from being pulled out by ice and causing the anti-freeze structure to become unstable, and enhance the reliability of the anti-freeze structure.

[0043] A method for using an assembled concrete panel rockfill dam anti-freezing structure comprises the following steps: 1. Prefabricate the protective cover 1. The size of the protective cover 1 is designed according to the size of the water stop structure 6 and the height between the lowest water level 10 of the water level variation zone and the highest water level 11 of the water level variation zone. The width of the protective cover 1 needs to be greater than the width of the water stop structure 6. The length of the protective cover 1 needs to be greater than the length of the concrete panel (4) between the lowest water level 10 of the water level variation zone and the highest water level 11 of the water level variation zone. 2. Prefabricate the crushed ice structure 2. Design the size of the crushed ice structure 2 according to the lateral width of the protective cover 1 and the concrete panel 4. The "factory"-shaped crushed ice structure 2 is processed and formed in advance, and a number of reinforcing ribs 3 are welded on the rear side of the arc-shaped plate of the crushed ice structure 2. 3. According to the height between the lowest water level 10 and the highest water level 11 in the water level fluctuation zone, a plurality of ice crushing structures 2 are arranged between the two. The ice crushing structures 2 are arranged in parallel along the slope direction of the concrete panel 4. The distance between the upper and lower ice crushing structures 2 is greater than or equal to 1.5 meters. The ice crushing structures 2 are fixed on the concrete panel 4 with countersunk bolts. 4. Install the protective cover 1 on the water stop structure 6. The protective cover 1 is fixed on the concrete panel 4 with bolts. Both ends of the protective cover 1 are fixed with edge sealing agent. 5. Operation of the anti-freezing structure: When the water level changes in cold periods, the ice-breaking structure 2 closest to the water level line comes into play. When it freezes in contact with water, the ice layer only climbs to the ice-breaking structure 2 near the water level line, forming an ice-breaking area near the dam. The angle formed between the flat plate and the curved plate of the ice-breaking structure 2 enhances the ice-breaking effect. The arrangement of the ice-breaking structures 2 can be dynamically adjusted according to the ice-breaking effect during operation. If there are too many of them, they will be removed; if there are insufficient of them, they will be added.

[0044] In this embodiment, the concrete panel 4 is a reinforced concrete anti-seepage structure located on the upstream side of the rockfill. Generally, the slope ratio along the water flow direction is 1:1.4-1:1.5. It is cast with concrete not lower than C25. The thickness is designed according to the water head it can withstand, and is generally 0.3-1m.

[0045] The vertical joint 5 of the panel is the vertical joint between the concrete panels 4, the width is generally 9-12m, and a water stop structure 6 is provided in the joint; The water-stop structure 6 is a plastic water-stop structure on the surface of the vertical seam of the panel. Generally, the bottom of the vertical seam is a copper water-stop sheet, and the top of the vertical seam is made into a V-shaped groove. The groove is filled with plastic anti-seepage filler, and the surface is closed with an anti-seepage protective cover sheet. The two ends are fixed with angle steel or flat steel + bolts; Below the concrete panel 4 are the cushion layer 7, the transition zone 8, and the upstream rockfill zone 8 in sequence; The cushion layer 7 is the direct support of the concrete panel 4, which evenly transmits water pressure to the rockfill and plays a role in seepage control. It has a width of 1 to 4 meters and is generally made of weak and slightly weathered materials. The maximum particle size is generally not more than 8 cm and is continuously graded. The transition zone 8 is located between the cushion layer 7 and the upstream rockfill area 9, and plays a protective and transitional role in the dam body. It has a width of 2 to 5 meters and is generally made of weakly or slightly weathered blasting excavated stones with continuous grading. Among them, for the upstream rockfill area 9, the rockfill dam body located in the upstream part of the dam is the main support body for bearing water loads, which is generally made of weak and slightly weathered blasting excavated stones with continuous gradation; The lowest water level in the water level fluctuation area is 10, the lowest elevation of the reservoir water level change; The highest water level in the water level variation zone is 11, which is the highest elevation of the reservoir water level change.

[0046] It should be noted that the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. The terms "installed", "set", "provided with", "connected", "connected", and "socketed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; it can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be internally connected between two mechanisms, elements, or components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0047] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "one end", "the other end", "outside", "inside", "horizontal", "end", "length", "outer end", "left", "right" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the mechanism or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. The terms "first" and "second" are also used only for simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply relative importance.

[0048] Furthermore, in practicing the claims of the present invention, those skilled in the art can understand and effect variations to the disclosed embodiments by studying the drawings, the disclosure and the appended claims. In addition, in the claims and the specification, the words "comprise", "contain" and the like do not exclude other elements or steps, and non-plural nouns do not exclude their plural forms.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. That is, all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the present invention are covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention and will not be listed one by one here.

Claims

1. An anti-freezing structure of an assembled concrete panel rockfill dam, wherein a water-stop structure (6) is provided in a vertical seam (5) between two adjacent concrete panels (4), characterized in that: The anti-freezing structure is arranged between the lowest water level (10) and the highest water level (11) in the water level variation zone, and comprises a plurality of ice crushing structures (2) arranged in parallel along the slope direction of the concrete panel (4). The ice crushing structures (2) are detachably connected to the surface of the concrete panel (4).

2. The anti-freezing structure of the assembled concrete panel rockfill dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: A protective cover (1) is provided between a plurality of ice crushing structures (2) on two adjacent concrete panels (4); a water-stop structure (6) is located within the protective cover (1); the protective cover (1) is detachably connected to the surface of the concrete panel (4); and both ends of the protective cover (1) are fixed with an edge sealant.

3. The anti-freezing structure of the assembled concrete panel rockfill dam according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the ice crushing structure (2) on the same horizontal line is adjacent to the protective cover (1).

4. The anti-freezing structure of the assembled concrete panel rockfill dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front side of the ice crushing structure (2) faces the lowest water level (10) in the water level variation zone, and the front side of the ice crushing structure (2) is configured as an arc-shaped plate, the lower end of the arc-shaped plate is attached to the concrete panel (4), and the upper end of the arc-shaped plate is tilted in a direction away from the concrete panel (4).

5. The anti-freezing structure of the assembled concrete panel rockfill dam according to claim 4, characterized in that: The ice crushing structure (2) is a "factory"-shaped structure. The upper side of the ice crushing structure (2) is a horizontally arranged flat plate. A folded angle is formed between the flat plate and the curved plate. One end of the flat plate is attached to the concrete panel (4).

6. The anti-freezing structure of the assembled concrete panel rockfill dam according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of reinforcing ribs (3) are fixed to the rear side of the arc-shaped plate.

7. The anti-freezing structure of the assembled concrete panel rockfill dam according to claim 6, characterized in that: The protective cover (1), the ice crushing structure (2), and the reinforcing ribs (3) are all made of stainless steel.

8. The anti-freezing structure of the assembled concrete panel rockfill dam according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lower end of the protective cover (1) is located below the lowest water level (10) in the water level variation zone, and the upper end of the protective cover (1) is located above the highest water level (11) in the water level variation zone.

9. The anti-freezing structure of the assembled concrete panel rockfill dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ice crushing structure (2) is fixed on the concrete panel (4) using countersunk bolts.

10. A method for using an assembled concrete panel rockfill dam anti-freezing structure, characterized in that: The following steps are involved:

1. Prefabricating the protective cover (1). Designing the size of the protective cover (1) according to the size of the water-stop structure (6) and the height between the lowest water level (10) and the highest water level (11) of the water-level variation zone. The width of the protective cover (1) needs to be greater than the width of the water-stop structure (6). The length of the protective cover (1) needs to be greater than the length of the concrete panel (4) between the lowest water level (10) and the highest water level (11) of the water-level variation zone.

2. Prefabricating the crushed ice structure ((2), designing the size of the crushed ice structure (2) according to the transverse width of the protective cover (1) and the concrete panel (4), processing and forming the "factory"-shaped crushed ice structure (2) in advance, and welding a number of reinforcing ribs (3) on the rear side of the arc-shaped plate of the crushed ice structure (2); 3. According to the height between the lowest water level (10) and the highest water level (11) in the water level variation zone, a plurality of crushed ice structures (2) are arranged between the two. The crushed ice structures (2) are arranged parallel to the slope direction of the concrete panel (4). The spacing between the upper and lower crushed ice structures (2) is greater than or equal to 1.5 meters. The crushed ice structures (2) are fixed to the concrete panel (4) with countersunk bolts.

4. Install a protective cover (1) above the water-stop structure (6). The protective cover (1) is fixed to the concrete panel (4) with bolts, and both ends of the protective cover (1) are fixed with edge sealing agents; 5. Operation of the anti-freezing structure: During cold periods, when the water level changes, the ice crushing structure (2) closest to the water level line comes into play. When the water freezes, the ice layer only climbs to the ice crushing structure (2) near the water level line, forming an ice crushing area near the dam. The angle formed between the flat plate and the curved plate of the ice crushing structure (2) enhances the ice crushing effect. According to the ice crushing effect during operation, the arrangement of the ice crushing structure (2) can be dynamically adjusted. If there are too many, they will be removed; if there are not enough, they will be added.

Images