A method and system for monitoring underground rock burst pressure

Abstract

The present invention provides a method and system for monitoring underground rock burst pressure, and relates to the technical field of rock burst pressure monitoring. The method comprises: setting an ultrasonic transceiver; obtaining a second amplitude; determining a score of internal changes in the ore layer according to the first amplitude and the second amplitude; determining a first distance measured by a first laser rangefinder and a second distance measured by a second laser rangefinder; determining a score of external changes in the ore layer according to the first distance and the second distance; determining an underground rock burst pressure score according to a weighted sum of the score of internal changes in the ore layer and the score of external changes in the ore layer; obtaining temperature data, humidity data, and harmful gas concentration data at multiple moments in the current monitoring cycle; determining an environmental score; and determining an underground rock burst pressure hazard level according to the underground rock burst pressure score and the environmental score. According to the present invention, the dangerous situation of rock burst pressure can be comprehensively and accurately monitored, and the reliability of early warning can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rock burst monitoring, and in particular to an underground rock burst monitoring method and system. Background Art

[0002] In the related art, CN116006266A discloses a monitoring device and method for rock burst in a coal mine, wherein the monitoring device for rock burst in a coal mine is deployed underground in a coal mine, and the device includes a data acquisition module, a data analysis module and a data visualization module. The data acquisition module is installed in a working area underground in the coal mine, and is used to collect microseismic signals generated in the working area. The data analysis module is connected to the data acquisition module, and is used to perform a risk assessment of rock burst on the microseismic signals to obtain first rock burst risk information corresponding to the microseismic signals. The data visualization module is connected to the data analysis module, and is used to display the first rock burst risk information and issue an early warning. Thus, based on the risk assessment of rock burst on the microseismic signals generated in the working area underground in the coal mine, an underground early warning of rock burst in the coal mine is realized, the real-time performance of the rock burst risk information corresponding to the rock burst is ensured, and the safety of workers in the underground working area of ​​the coal mine is improved.

[0003] CN114017121A discloses a real-time monitoring system and early warning method for rock burst based on strain field, the system includes optical fiber sensors, optical cables, optical fiber strain testers, monitoring centers, and user terminals. The optical fiber sensors are arranged in arrays in the surrounding rock mass of the underground mining space of the coal mine to form an optical fiber sensing network covering the monitoring area, and the strain data of each fiber grating sensor or each monitoring optical fiber is collected and processed in real time, and the change law of each monitoring indicator of the strain field inside the coal rock mass is analyzed, and the specific sensitive monitoring indicators are determined according to the degree of response to the rock burst danger; the rock burst danger is identified and early warning is issued according to the change law of each monitoring sensitive indicator over time and space, forming a real-time monitoring and early warning method for rock burst danger based on strain field. This scheme is less affected by the field conditions because the sensor is buried inside the coal rock mass, and the fine perception of the temporal and spatial changes of the strain field in the mining space is achieved through grid-type online monitoring, and the test accuracy and test space resolution are high. It can timely and accurately identify the risk of rock burst disasters in coal mines, and innovate and improve the existing rock burst prevention technology system.

[0004] Therefore, although the relevant technology can identify the risk of rock burst disasters, it does not comprehensively monitor the rock burst based on the internal and external conditions of the mine layer, nor does it issue early warnings for the dangerous level of rock burst based on the underground environmental conditions, making it difficult to comprehensively and accurately monitor the dangerous situation of rock burst.

[0005] The information disclosed in the background technology section of this application is only intended to deepen the understanding of the general background technology of this application, and should not be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention provides an underground rock burst monitoring method and system, which can solve the technical problem that the related technology is difficult to comprehensively and accurately monitor the dangerous situation of rock burst.

[0007] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for monitoring underground rock burst pressure, comprising: dividing an underground ore layer area into a plurality of monitoring areas, and setting an ultrasonic transceiver at a middle position of each monitoring area, wherein the ultrasonic transceiver is used to send a test sound wave of a first amplitude to the ore layer, and receive a sound wave signal reflected by the test sound wave, and record the amplitude of the sound wave signal; at a plurality of moments in the current monitoring cycle, obtaining a second amplitude of the sound wave signal reflected by the test sound wave received by the ultrasonic transceiver in each monitoring area; determining a score of internal changes in the ore layer according to the first amplitude and the second amplitude; setting a plurality of first laser rangefinders at a middle height position of the right rock wall in the rock walls on both sides of each tunnel, and determining a first distance measured by the first laser rangefinder at the end moment of the current monitoring cycle, and recording the amplitude of the sound wave signal at the bottom of each tunnel; A plurality of second laser rangefinders are arranged at the longitudinal middle position of the plate, and the second distance measured by the second laser rangefinder at the end time of the current monitoring cycle is determined, wherein the laser emission directions of the first laser rangefinder and the second laser rangefinder are perpendicular to the plane where the installation position is located; the external change score of the ore layer is determined according to the first distance and the second distance; the underground rock burst score is determined according to the result of the weighted sum of the internal change score of the ore layer and the external change score of the ore layer; the temperature data, humidity data and harmful gas concentration data at multiple times of the current monitoring cycle are obtained through the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor and the harmful gas sensor; the environmental score is determined according to the temperature data, the humidity data and the harmful gas concentration data; the underground rock burst hazard level is determined according to the underground rock burst score and the environmental score.

[0008] Furthermore, based on the first amplitude and the second amplitude, the internal change score of the mineral layer is determined, including: fitting the second amplitude and the moment in the current monitoring cycle to obtain the second amplitude change function in the current monitoring cycle; determining the second amplitude change derivative function based on the second amplitude change function; determining the second amplitude change rate at multiple moments in the current monitoring cycle based on the second amplitude change derivative function; determining the internal change score of the mineral layer based on the second amplitude change rate, the first amplitude and the second amplitude.

[0009] Further, determining the internal change score of the ore layer according to the second amplitude change rate, the first amplitude and the second amplitude includes: according to the formula Determine the internal variation score of the ore layer ,in, is the first amplitude, is the second amplitude of the ith monitoring area at the kth moment of the current monitoring cycle, is the second amplitude change rate of the ith monitoring area at the kth moment of the current monitoring cycle, is the second amplitude change rate threshold, is the number of monitoring areas, is the number of moments in the monitoring cycle, i≤ , k≤ , and i, k, and They are all positive integers, and min is the minimum value function.

[0010] Further, the external change score of the mineral layer is determined based on the first distance and the second distance, including: averaging multiple first distances measured by multiple first laser rangefinders to obtain an average first distance; averaging multiple second distances measured by multiple second laser rangefinders to obtain an average second distance; obtaining the historical first distance measured by the first laser rangefinder at the end of the last historical monitoring cycle; averaging multiple historical first distances measured by multiple first laser rangefinders to obtain an average historical first distance; obtaining the historical second distance measured by the second laser rangefinder at the end of the last historical monitoring cycle; averaging multiple historical second distances measured by multiple second laser rangefinders to obtain an average historical second distance; and determining the external change score of the mineral layer based on the average first distance, the average second distance, the average historical first distance and the average historical second distance.

[0011] Further, determining the external change score of the ore layer according to the average first distance, the average second distance, the average historical first distance and the average historical second distance includes: according to the formula , Determine the external change score of the mineral layer ,in, Score the external change of the ore layer in the jth tunnel, is the average first distance of the j-th lane, is the average second distance of the j-th lane, is the average historical first distance of the j-th lane, is the average historical second distance of the j-th lane, is the first distance threshold, is the second distance threshold, and is the preset weight, and , is the number of lanes, j≤ , and j and All are positive integers.

[0012] Further, determining the environmental score according to the temperature data, the humidity data and the harmful gas concentration data includes: according to the formula Determining the Environmental Score ,in, is the temperature data at the kth moment of the current monitoring cycle, is the standard temperature at the kth moment of the current monitoring cycle, is the humidity data at the kth moment of the current monitoring cycle, is the standard humidity at the kth moment of the current monitoring period, is the temperature and humidity state vector at the kth moment of the current monitoring period, is the standard temperature and humidity state vector, is the modulus of the temperature and humidity state vector at the kth moment of the current monitoring period, is the modulus of the standard temperature and humidity state vector, is the harmful gas concentration data at the kth moment of the current monitoring cycle, is the concentration threshold of harmful gases, and is the preset weight, and , is the number of moments in the monitoring cycle, k≤ , and k and All are positive integers.

[0013] Furthermore, based on the downhole rock pressure shock score and the environmental score, the downhole rock pressure shock hazard level is determined, including: when the downhole rock pressure shock score is greater than or equal to the set downhole rock pressure shock score threshold, and the environmental score is less than the set environmental score threshold, the downhole rock pressure shock hazard level is determined to be high; when the downhole rock pressure shock score is greater than or equal to the set score threshold, and the environmental score is greater than or equal to the set environmental score threshold, the downhole rock pressure shock hazard level is determined to be medium; when the downhole rock pressure shock score is less than the set score threshold, the downhole rock pressure shock hazard level is determined to be low.

[0014] According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an underground rock burst monitoring system, comprising: an ultrasonic transceiver module, for dividing the underground ore layer area into a plurality of monitoring areas, and arranging an ultrasonic transceiver at the middle position of each monitoring area, wherein the ultrasonic transceiver is used to send a test sound wave of a first amplitude to the ore layer, and receive a sound wave signal reflected by the test sound wave, and record the amplitude of the sound wave signal; a second amplitude module, for obtaining, at a plurality of moments in the current monitoring cycle, a second amplitude of the sound wave signal reflected by the test sound wave received by the ultrasonic transceiver in each monitoring area; a ore layer internal change scoring module, for determining an ore layer internal change score according to the first amplitude and the second amplitude; a first distance and a second distance module, for arranging a plurality of first laser rangefinders at the middle height position of the right rock wall in the rock walls on both sides of each tunnel, and determining the first distance measured by the first laser rangefinder at the end moment of the current monitoring cycle, in the longitudinal center of the bottom plate of each tunnel; A plurality of second laser rangefinders are arranged at the intermediate position, and the second distance measured by the second laser rangefinder at the end time of the current monitoring cycle is determined, wherein the laser emission directions of the first laser rangefinder and the second laser rangefinder are perpendicular to the plane where the installation position is located; a mine layer external change scoring module is used to determine the mine layer external change score according to the first distance and the second distance; an underground rock burst scoring module is used to determine the underground rock burst score according to the weighted sum of the mine layer internal change score and the mine layer external change score; a data module is used to obtain temperature data, humidity data and harmful gas concentration data at multiple times of the current monitoring cycle through a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a harmful gas sensor; an environmental scoring module is used to determine the environmental score according to the temperature data, the humidity data and the harmful gas concentration data; an underground rock burst hazard level module is used to determine the underground rock burst hazard level according to the underground rock burst score and the environmental score.

[0015] Technical effect: According to the present invention, by monitoring the changes inside the ore layer through an ultrasonic transceiver, the changes in the stress state inside the ore layer can be discovered in time, thereby evaluating the stability inside the ore layer. Using a laser rangefinder to monitor the changes in the tunnel can accurately reflect the deformation of the external structure of the ore layer, thereby evaluating the stability of the tunnel. By monitoring the environmental conditions underground in the coal mine, early warning of the dangerous level of rock burst can be issued. By real-time monitoring of multiple data underground, the dangerous situation of rock burst can be monitored comprehensively and accurately, the reliability of early warning can be improved, and potential changes in the ore layer can be discovered in time, providing a scientific basis for preventing rock burst. When determining the score of changes inside the ore layer, the score of changes inside the ore layer can be determined by the second amplitude change rate, the first amplitude and the second amplitude. From the two aspects of the average stress change degree inside the ore layer and the average stress stability degree, the overall stability of the ore layer and the risk of rock burst can be accurately and objectively described, and the comprehensiveness, accuracy and reliability of the score of changes inside the ore layer can be improved. When determining the external change score of the ore layer, the score of the external change of the ore layer can be determined by the average first distance, the average second distance, the average historical first distance and the average historical second distance, so as to accurately and objectively describe the external change degree of the ore layer, that is, the stability of the tunnel, timely discover and eliminate safety hazards, reduce the probability of accidents, and improve the accuracy and reliability of the external change score of the ore layer. When determining the environmental score, the environmental score can be determined by temperature data, humidity data and harmful gas concentration data. Considering the three important factors of temperature, humidity and harmful concentration, the actual condition of the underground environment can be fully reflected, thereby improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the environmental score.

[0016] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and do not limit the present invention. Other features and aspects of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other embodiments can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a process flow of a method for monitoring underground rock burst pressure according to an embodiment of the present invention is exemplarily shown;

[0019] Figure 2 A block diagram of a downhole rock burst monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention is exemplarily shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail with specific embodiments below. The following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described in detail in some embodiments.

[0022] Figure 1 The flowchart of the underground rock burst monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention is exemplarily shown, and the method comprises: step S101, dividing the underground ore layer area into multiple monitoring areas, and setting an ultrasonic transceiver at the middle position of each monitoring area, wherein the ultrasonic transceiver is used to send a test sound wave of a first amplitude to the ore layer, receive the sound wave signal reflected by the test sound wave, and record the amplitude of the sound wave signal; step S102, at multiple moments in the current monitoring cycle, obtaining the second amplitude of the sound wave signal reflected by the test sound wave received by the ultrasonic transceiver in each monitoring area; step S103, determining the internal change score of the ore layer according to the first amplitude and the second amplitude; step S104, setting multiple first laser rangefinders at the middle height position of the right rock wall in the rock walls on both sides of each tunnel, and determining the first distance measured by the first laser rangefinder at the end moment of the current monitoring cycle, in each tunnel A plurality of second laser rangefinders are arranged at the longitudinal middle position of the road bottom plate, and the second distance measured by the second laser rangefinder at the end time of the current monitoring cycle is determined, wherein the laser emission directions of the first laser rangefinder and the second laser rangefinder are perpendicular to the plane where the installation position is located; step S105, determining the external change score of the ore layer according to the first distance and the second distance; step S106, determining the underground rock burst score according to the result of the weighted sum of the internal change score of the ore layer and the external change score of the ore layer; step S107, obtaining the temperature data, humidity data and harmful gas concentration data at multiple times of the current monitoring cycle through the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor and the harmful gas sensor; step S108, determining the environmental score according to the temperature data, the humidity data and the harmful gas concentration data; step S109, determining the underground rock burst hazard level according to the underground rock burst score and the environmental score.

[0023] According to the underground rock burst monitoring method of an embodiment of the present invention, by monitoring the changes inside the ore layer with an ultrasonic transceiver, the changes in the stress state inside the ore layer can be discovered in time, thereby evaluating the stability inside the ore layer. Using a laser rangefinder to monitor the changes in the tunnel can accurately reflect the deformation of the external structure of the ore layer, thereby evaluating the stability of the tunnel. By monitoring the environmental conditions underground in the coal mine, early warnings can be issued for the dangerous level of rock burst. By real-time monitoring of various data underground, the dangerous situation of rock burst can be comprehensively and accurately monitored, improving the reliability of early warnings, helping to timely discover potential changes in the ore layer, and providing a scientific basis for preventing rock burst.

[0024] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step S101, the underground ore layer area is divided into a plurality of independent monitoring areas, and each monitoring area can be monitored and evaluated separately. The ultrasonic transceiver is installed at the center of each monitoring area, and the sound wave signal can cover the monitoring area, which is helpful to effectively monitor the overall situation of the area. When the ultrasonic transceiver transmits a test sound wave of the first amplitude to the ore layer, the test sound wave propagates inside the ore layer and interacts with different medium interfaces (for example, rock particles, cracks, faults, etc.), resulting in reflection, refraction, scattering and other phenomena of the test sound wave. If the stress state inside the ore layer changes, the change will directly affect the attenuation characteristics of the test sound wave, thereby changing the amplitude of the sound wave signal reflected by the test sound wave. By receiving the sound wave signal reflected by the test sound wave by the ultrasonic transceiver and recording the amplitude of the sound wave signal, information about the stress state inside the ore layer can be extracted. For example, if the amplitude of the sound wave signal decreases, it means that there is a large stress concentration inside the ore layer. If the amplitude does not change much, it means that the ore layer is in a relatively stable stress state.

[0025] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S102, each monitoring cycle can be set to half an hour, one hour, etc., and the interval between adjacent moments can be set to 1 minute, 2 minutes, etc., which is not limited by the present invention. Using an ultrasonic transceiver that has been set in the monitoring area, a second amplitude of a sound wave signal received by the ultrasonic transceiver is obtained, wherein the sound wave signal is a sound wave signal reflected by the test sound wave.

[0026] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S103, the internal variation score of the ore layer is determined according to the first amplitude and the second amplitude.

[0027] According to one embodiment of the present invention, step S103 includes: fitting the second amplitude and the moments in the current monitoring cycle to obtain the second amplitude change function in the current monitoring cycle; determining the second amplitude change derivative function based on the second amplitude change function; determining the second amplitude change rate at multiple moments in the current monitoring cycle based on the second amplitude change derivative function; determining the internal change score of the mineral layer based on the second amplitude change rate, the first amplitude and the second amplitude.

[0028] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second amplitude and the moment in the current monitoring cycle are fitted to obtain a second amplitude variation function for describing the second amplitude variation over time in the current monitoring cycle, the second amplitude variation function is derived to obtain a second amplitude variation derivative function, and multiple second amplitudes are substituted into the second amplitude variation derivative function to determine the second amplitude variation rate over time. The second amplitude is the signal strength reflected back by the test sound wave after a period of interaction with the mineral layer structure. Compared with the amplitude (first amplitude) when the test sound wave is sent, the second amplitude can provide important information about the stress change inside the mineral layer.

[0029] According to one embodiment of the present invention, determining the internal change score of the ore layer according to the second amplitude change rate, the first amplitude and the second amplitude includes: determining the internal change score of the ore layer according to formula (1): ,

[0030] (1),

[0031] in, is the first amplitude, is the second amplitude of the ith monitoring area at the kth moment of the current monitoring cycle, is the second amplitude change rate of the ith monitoring area at the kth moment of the current monitoring cycle, is the second amplitude change rate threshold, is the number of monitoring areas, is the number of moments in the monitoring cycle, i≤ , k≤ , and i, k, and All are positive integers, and min is the minimum value function.

[0032] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in formula (1), It is the relative difference between the minimum value of the second amplitude and the first amplitude corresponding to multiple moments of the current monitoring cycle in the i-th monitoring area. The larger the relative difference, the greater the stress change inside the ore layer and the higher the potential risk of rock burst. It means that by averaging the relative differences in all monitoring areas, the average stress change degree inside the mineral layer in all monitoring areas can be obtained. It is the relative difference between the second amplitude change rate of the i-th monitoring area at the k-th moment in the current monitoring cycle and the second amplitude change rate threshold. The larger the relative difference is, the more unstable the internal stress state of the ore layer is, and there is a higher risk of rock burst. It means that the relative difference of all monitoring areas at multiple moments in the current monitoring cycle is averaged to obtain the average stress stability inside the ore layer in all monitoring areas. The above average stress change degree and average stress stability are multiplied to obtain the internal change score of the ore layer. The higher the internal change score of the ore layer, the greater and more unstable the stress change inside the ore layer, which leads to the occurrence of rock burst.

[0033] In this way, the internal change score of the mineral layer can be determined by the second amplitude change rate, the first amplitude and the second amplitude. From the two aspects of the average stress change degree and the average stress stability degree inside the mineral layer, the overall stability of the mineral layer and the risk of rock burst can be accurately and objectively described, thereby improving the comprehensiveness, accuracy and reliability of the internal change score of the mineral layer.

[0034] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step S104, among the rock walls on both sides of each tunnel, the middle height position of the right rock wall is selected, and a plurality of first laser rangefinders are installed to measure the distance between the rock walls on both sides of the tunnel, i.e., the first distance, wherein if the tunnel height is uniform, the middle height is half of the distance between the top and the bottom of the tunnel. If the tunnel height varies, an average height is selected as the middle height. A plurality of second laser rangefinders are installed at the longitudinal middle position of each tunnel floor to measure the distance between the tunnel floor and the rock layer above, i.e., the second distance, wherein the longitudinal middle position is the position located in the middle of the rock walls on both sides along the length direction of the tunnel (i.e., the extension direction of the tunnel or the main passage direction). The laser emission direction of the first laser rangefinder and the second laser rangefinder is perpendicular to the plane where the installation position is located, which can reduce the error caused by improper measurement angle, for example, the laser emission direction of the first laser rangefinder is perpendicular to the right rock wall, and the laser emission direction of the second laser rangefinder is perpendicular to the tunnel floor.

[0035] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S105, the external change score of the mineral layer is determined according to the first distance and the second distance.

[0036] According to one embodiment of the present invention, step S105 includes: averaging multiple first distances measured by multiple first laser rangefinders to obtain an average first distance; averaging multiple second distances measured by multiple second laser rangefinders to obtain an average second distance; obtaining the historical first distance measured by the first laser rangefinder at the end of the last historical monitoring cycle; averaging multiple historical first distances measured by multiple first laser rangefinders to obtain an average historical first distance; obtaining the historical second distance measured by the second laser rangefinder at the end of the last historical monitoring cycle; averaging multiple historical second distances measured by multiple second laser rangefinders to obtain an average historical second distance; determining the external change score of the mineral layer based on the average first distance, the average second distance, the average historical first distance and the average historical second distance.

[0037] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first distances measured by multiple first laser rangefinders are summed and divided by the number of rangefinders to obtain an average first distance, and the second distances measured by multiple second laser rangefinders are summed and divided by the number of rangefinders to obtain an average second distance, thereby improving the accuracy of the measurement result. The historical first distances measured by multiple first laser rangefinders in the previous historical monitoring cycle are summed and divided by the number of rangefinders to obtain an average historical first distance, which is helpful to evaluate the change trend of the rock wall. The historical second distances measured by multiple second laser rangefinders in the previous historical monitoring cycle are summed and divided by the number of rangefinders to obtain an average historical second distance, which is helpful to evaluate the change of the floor. The external change score of the mine layer reflects the degree of change of the rock wall and the floor in the tunnel.

[0038] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the external change score of the ore layer is determined according to the average first distance, the average second distance, the average historical first distance and the average historical second distance, including: determining the external change score of the ore layer according to formulas (2) and (3): ,

[0039] (2),

[0040] (3),

[0041] in, Score the external change of the ore layer in the jth tunnel, is the average first distance of the j-th lane, is the average second distance of the j-th lane, is the average historical first distance of the j-th lane, is the average historical second distance of the j-th lane, is the first distance threshold, is the second distance threshold, and is the preset weight, and , is the number of lanes, j≤ , and j and All are positive integers.

[0042] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in formula (2), when and , that is, when the average first distance of the j-th lane is greater than or equal to the first distance threshold, and the average second distance of the j-th lane is greater than or equal to the second distance threshold, the external change score of the ore layer of the j-th lane is . It is the relative difference between the average first distance of the j-th lane and the average historical first distance of the j-th lane. The larger the relative difference is, the greater the change in the distance between the rock walls on both sides of the lane, and the more serious the displacement of the rock walls on both sides of the lane. is the relative difference between the average second distance of the jth lane and the average historical second distance of the jth lane. The larger the relative difference, the greater the change in the distance between the lane floor and the upper rock layer, and the more serious the displacement between the lane floor and the upper rock layer. The weighted sum of the above two items can be obtained to obtain the external change score of the ore layer of the jth lane. The larger the external change score of the ore layer of the jth lane, the more serious the displacement of the lane and the more unstable the lane. or That is, when the average first distance of the jth tunnel is less than the first distance threshold, and the average second distance of the jth tunnel is less than the second distance threshold, the mine layer external change score of the jth tunnel is 1, indicating that the distance between the rock walls on both sides of the tunnel is less than the threshold, the width of the tunnel is insufficient, and there is a risk of rock wall collapse or falling, or the distance between the bottom plate and the upper rock layer is less than the threshold, the spacing between the bottom plate and the upper rock layer is insufficient, resulting in insufficient support for the roof, further increasing the risk of roof falling. In formula (3), It is the average value of the external change scores of the ore layers of multiple tunnels, that is, the external change score of the ore layer. The higher the external change score of the ore layer, the more serious the displacement change of the external ore layer, the higher the danger level of the tunnel, and the more likely rock burst will occur.

[0043] In this way, the external change score of the mine layer can be determined by averaging the first distance, the average second distance, the average historical first distance and the average historical second distance, so as to accurately and objectively describe the external change degree of the mine layer, that is, the stability status of the tunnel, timely discover and eliminate safety hazards, reduce the probability of accidents, and improve the accuracy and reliability of the external change score of the mine layer.

[0044] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step S106, after determining the internal change score of the ore layer and the external change score of the ore layer, the underground rock burst score can be obtained by weighted summing the internal change score of the ore layer and the external change score of the ore layer. The higher the underground rock burst score, the greater the risk of underground rock burst.

[0045] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step S107, the temperature sensor is used to measure the underground environment temperature, the humidity sensor is used to measure the water vapor content in the underground air, and the harmful gas sensor is used to detect the concentration of harmful gases (e.g., methane) in the underground. By analyzing the changes in temperature, humidity, and harmful gas concentration, the safety of the underground environment can be evaluated.

[0046] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S108, an environmental score is determined based on the temperature data, the humidity data and the harmful gas concentration data.

[0047] According to an embodiment of the present invention, determining the environmental score according to the temperature data, the humidity data and the harmful gas concentration data includes: determining the environmental score according to formula (4): ,

[0048] (4),

[0049] in, is the temperature data at the kth moment of the current monitoring cycle, is the standard temperature at the kth moment of the current monitoring cycle, is the humidity data at the kth moment of the current monitoring cycle, is the standard humidity at the kth moment of the current monitoring period, is the temperature and humidity state vector at the kth moment of the current monitoring period, is the standard temperature and humidity state vector, is the modulus of the temperature and humidity state vector at the kth moment of the current monitoring period, is the modulus of the standard temperature and humidity state vector, is the harmful gas concentration data at the kth moment of the current monitoring cycle, is the concentration threshold of harmful gases, and is the preset weight, and , is the number of moments in the monitoring cycle, k≤ , and k and All are positive integers.

[0050] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in formula (4), It is the cosine similarity between the temperature and humidity state vector at the kth moment of the current monitoring period and the standard temperature and humidity state vector. The closer the cosine similarity is to 1, the more suitable the underground temperature and humidity are. It is the average value of the cosine similarity at multiple moments in the current monitoring cycle. The larger the average value, the more suitable the underground temperature and humidity. Indicates that when the harmful gas concentration data at the kth moment of the current monitoring period is greater than or equal to the harmful gas concentration threshold, the conditional function value is , otherwise, the conditional function value is 1. It is the relative difference between the harmful gas concentration data at the kth moment of the current monitoring cycle and the harmful gas concentration threshold. The larger the relative difference, the higher the concentration of harmful gases in the well and the less safe the well environment. The result of 1 minus the relative difference can be obtained. The larger the result, the safer the well environment. It means that the conditional functions corresponding to multiple moments in the current monitoring cycle are averaged to obtain the severity of the underground harmful gas concentration in the current monitoring cycle. The above two items are weighted and summed to obtain the environmental score. The higher the environmental score, the more suitable the temperature and humidity in the well, the lower the concentration of harmful gases, and the smaller the impact on the underground rock pressure.

[0051] In this way, the environmental score can be determined through temperature data, humidity data and harmful gas concentration data. Considering the three important factors of temperature, humidity and harmful concentration can fully reflect the actual conditions of the underground environment, thereby improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the environmental score.

[0052] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S109, the underground rock pressure hazard level is determined according to the underground rock pressure score and the environment score.

[0053] According to one embodiment of the present invention, step S109 includes: when the downhole rock pressure impact score is greater than or equal to the set downhole rock pressure impact score threshold, and the environmental score is less than the set environmental score threshold, determining that the downhole rock pressure impact hazard level is high; when the downhole rock pressure impact score is greater than or equal to the set score threshold, and the environmental score is greater than or equal to the set environmental score threshold, determining that the downhole rock pressure impact hazard level is medium; when the downhole rock pressure impact score is less than the set score threshold, determining that the downhole rock pressure impact hazard level is low.

[0054] According to one embodiment of the present invention, when the underground rock burst pressure score is greater than or equal to the set underground rock burst pressure score threshold, it indicates that the rock burst pressure phenomenon is more severe. At this time, if the environmental score is less than the set environmental score threshold, that is, the underground working environment is relatively poor, which will aggravate the impact of rock burst pressure and cause serious safety accidents, then the danger level of underground rock burst pressure is determined to be high, indicating that the current situation is very serious and emergency measures need to be taken immediately to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment. When the underground rock burst pressure score is greater than or equal to the set underground rock burst pressure score threshold, but the environmental score is greater than or equal to the set environmental score threshold at this time, that is, the underground working environment is relatively good, and the impact on rock burst pressure is small, then the danger level of underground rock burst pressure is determined to be medium. In this case, it is still necessary to be highly vigilant and take corresponding measures, but the urgency and risk level are slightly lower than the high-level danger level. When the underground rock burst pressure score is less than the set underground rock burst pressure score threshold, regardless of the environmental score, it indicates that the current rock burst pressure phenomenon is relatively weak or not easy to occur. Therefore, the danger level of underground rock burst pressure is determined to be low, indicating that the current situation is relatively safe.

[0055] According to the underground rock burst monitoring method of the embodiment of the present invention, by monitoring the changes inside the ore layer through an ultrasonic transceiver, the changes in the stress state inside the ore layer can be timely discovered, thereby evaluating the stability inside the ore layer. Using a laser rangefinder to monitor the changes in the tunnel can accurately reflect the deformation of the external structure of the ore layer, thereby evaluating the stability of the tunnel. By monitoring the environmental conditions underground in the coal mine, the dangerous level of rock burst can be warned. By real-time monitoring of multiple data underground, the dangerous situation of rock burst can be monitored comprehensively and accurately, the reliability of early warning can be improved, and potential changes in the ore layer can be discovered in time, providing a scientific basis for preventing rock burst. When determining the score of the internal change of the ore layer, the score of the internal change of the ore layer can be determined by the second amplitude change rate, the first amplitude and the second amplitude. From the two aspects of the average stress change degree and the average stress stability degree inside the ore layer, the overall stability of the ore layer and the rock burst risk can be accurately and objectively described, and the comprehensiveness, accuracy and reliability of the score of the internal change of the ore layer can be improved. When determining the external change score of the ore layer, the score of the external change of the ore layer can be determined by the average first distance, the average second distance, the average historical first distance and the average historical second distance, so as to accurately and objectively describe the external change degree of the ore layer, that is, the stability of the tunnel, timely discover and eliminate safety hazards, reduce the probability of accidents, and improve the accuracy and reliability of the external change score of the ore layer. When determining the environmental score, the environmental score can be determined by temperature data, humidity data and harmful gas concentration data. Considering the three important factors of temperature, humidity and harmful concentration, the actual condition of the underground environment can be fully reflected, thereby improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the environmental score.

[0056] Figure 2A block diagram of an underground rock burst monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention is exemplarily shown, the system comprising: an ultrasonic transceiver module, used to divide the underground ore layer area into multiple monitoring areas, and to set an ultrasonic transceiver at the middle position of each monitoring area, wherein the ultrasonic transceiver is used to send a test sound wave of a first amplitude to the ore layer, receive the sound wave signal reflected by the test sound wave, and record the amplitude of the sound wave signal; a second amplitude module, used to obtain the second amplitude of the sound wave signal reflected by the test sound wave received by the ultrasonic transceiver in each monitoring area at multiple moments in the current monitoring cycle; a ore layer internal change scoring module, used to determine the ore layer internal change score according to the first amplitude and the second amplitude; a first distance and a second distance module, used to set multiple first laser rangefinders at the middle height position of the right rock wall in the rock walls on both sides of each tunnel, and determine the first distance measured by the first laser rangefinder at the end moment of the current monitoring cycle, and record the first distance measured by the first laser rangefinder at the bottom plate of each tunnel. A plurality of second laser rangefinders are arranged at the longitudinal middle position, and the second distance measured by the second laser rangefinder at the end time of the current monitoring cycle is determined, wherein the laser emission directions of the first laser rangefinder and the second laser rangefinder are perpendicular to the plane where the installation position is located; a mine layer external change scoring module is used to determine the mine layer external change score according to the first distance and the second distance; an underground rock burst scoring module is used to determine the underground rock burst score according to the weighted sum of the mine layer internal change score and the mine layer external change score; a data module is used to obtain temperature data, humidity data and harmful gas concentration data at multiple times of the current monitoring cycle through a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a harmful gas sensor; an environmental scoring module is used to determine the environmental score according to the temperature data, the humidity data and the harmful gas concentration data; an underground rock burst hazard level module is used to determine the underground rock burst hazard level according to the underground rock burst score and the environmental score.

[0057] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present invention described above and shown in the accompanying drawings are only examples and do not limit the present invention. The purpose of the present invention has been fully and effectively achieved. The functional and structural principles of the present invention have been demonstrated and explained in the embodiments, and the embodiments of the present invention may be deformed or modified in any way without departing from the principles.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring underground rock burst pressure, characterized in that: include: The underground ore layer area is divided into multiple monitoring areas, and an ultrasonic transceiver is set at the middle position of each monitoring area, wherein the ultrasonic transceiver is used to send a test sound wave of a first amplitude to the ore layer, receive the sound wave signal reflected by the test sound wave, and record the amplitude of the sound wave signal; at multiple times in the current monitoring cycle, the second amplitude of the sound wave signal reflected by the test sound wave received by the ultrasonic transceiver in each monitoring area is obtained; according to the first amplitude and the second amplitude, the internal change score of the ore layer is determined; a plurality of first laser rangefinders are set at the middle height position of the right rock wall on both sides of each tunnel, and the first distance measured by the first laser rangefinder at the end time of the current monitoring cycle is determined; a plurality of second laser rangefinders are set at the longitudinal middle position of the bottom plate of each tunnel, and the second distance measured by the second laser rangefinder at the end time of the current monitoring cycle is determined, wherein the laser emission directions of the first laser rangefinder and the second laser rangefinder are perpendicular to the plane where the installation position is located; according to the first distance and the second distance, the external change score of the ore layer is determined; according to the ore layer The result of weighted summation of the internal change score and the external change score of the ore layer is used to determine the underground rock burst score; the temperature data, humidity data and harmful gas concentration data at multiple moments in the current monitoring period are obtained through temperature sensors, humidity sensors and harmful gas sensors; the environmental score is determined according to the temperature data, humidity data and harmful gas concentration data; the underground rock burst hazard level is determined according to the underground rock burst score and the environmental score; the internal change score of the ore layer is determined according to the first amplitude and the second amplitude, including: fitting the second amplitude and the moment in the current monitoring period to obtain the second amplitude change function in the current monitoring period; determining the second amplitude change derivative function according to the second amplitude change function; determining the second amplitude change rate at multiple moments in the current monitoring period according to the second amplitude change derivative function; determining the internal change score of the ore layer according to the second amplitude change rate, the first amplitude and the second amplitude; determining the internal change score of the ore layer according to the second amplitude change rate, the first amplitude and the second amplitude, including: according to the formula Determine the internal variation score of the ore layer ,in, is the first amplitude, is the second amplitude of the ith monitoring area at the kth moment of the current monitoring cycle, is the second amplitude change rate of the ith monitoring area at the kth moment of the current monitoring cycle, is the second amplitude change rate threshold, is the number of monitoring areas, is the number of moments in the monitoring cycle, i≤ , k≤ , and i, k, and are all positive integers, and min is a minimum value function; according to the first distance and the second distance, determining the external change score of the ore layer, including: averaging multiple first distances measured by multiple first laser rangefinders to obtain an average first distance; averaging multiple second distances measured by multiple second laser rangefinders to obtain an average second distance; obtaining the historical first distance measured by the first laser rangefinder at the end of the last historical monitoring cycle; averaging multiple historical first distances measured by multiple first laser rangefinders to obtain an average historical first distance; obtaining the historical second distance measured by the second laser rangefinder at the end of the last historical monitoring cycle; averaging multiple historical second distances measured by multiple second laser rangefinders to obtain an average historical second distance; determining the external change score of the ore layer according to the average first distance, the average second distance, the average historical first distance and the average historical second distance; determining the external change score of the ore layer according to the average first distance, the average second distance, the average historical first distance and the average historical second distance, including: according to the formula , Determine the external change score of the mineral layer ,in, Score the external change of the ore layer in the jth tunnel, is the average first distance of the j-th lane, is the average second distance of the j-th lane, is the average historical first distance of the j-th lane, is the average historical second distance of the j-th lane, is the first distance threshold, is the second distance threshold, and is the preset weight, and , is the number of lanes, j≤ , and j and All are positive integers.

2. The underground rock burst monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining an environmental score according to the temperature data, the humidity data and the harmful gas concentration data includes: according to the formula Determining the Environmental Score ,in, is the temperature data at the kth moment of the current monitoring cycle, is the standard temperature at the kth moment of the current monitoring cycle, is the humidity data at the kth moment of the current monitoring cycle, is the standard humidity at the kth moment of the current monitoring period, is the temperature and humidity state vector at the kth moment of the current monitoring period, is the standard temperature and humidity state vector, is the modulus of the temperature and humidity state vector at the kth moment of the current monitoring period, is the modulus of the standard temperature and humidity state vector, is the harmful gas concentration data at the kth moment of the current monitoring cycle, is the concentration threshold of harmful gases, and is the preset weight, and , is the number of moments in the monitoring cycle, k≤ , and k and All are positive integers.

3. The underground rock burst monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The downhole rock pressure impact hazard level is determined according to the downhole rock pressure impact score and the environmental score, including: when the downhole rock pressure impact score is greater than or equal to a set downhole rock pressure impact score threshold, and the environmental score is less than the set environmental score threshold, the downhole rock pressure impact hazard level is determined to be high; when the downhole rock pressure impact score is greater than or equal to the set score threshold, and the environmental score is greater than or equal to the set environmental score threshold, the downhole rock pressure impact hazard level is determined to be medium; when the downhole rock pressure impact score is less than the set score threshold, the downhole rock pressure impact hazard level is determined to be low.

4. A downhole rock burst monitoring system, characterized in that: include: An ultrasonic transceiver module is used to divide the underground ore layer area into multiple monitoring areas, and an ultrasonic transceiver is set at the middle position of each monitoring area, wherein the ultrasonic transceiver is used to send a test sound wave of a first amplitude to the ore layer, receive the sound wave signal reflected by the test sound wave, and record the amplitude of the sound wave signal; a second amplitude module is used to obtain the second amplitude of the sound wave signal reflected by the test sound wave received by the ultrasonic transceiver in each monitoring area at multiple times in the current monitoring cycle; a ore layer internal change scoring module is used to determine the ore layer internal change score based on the first amplitude and the second amplitude; a first distance and a second distance module is used to set a plurality of first laser rangefinders at the middle height position of the right rock wall in the rock walls on both sides of each tunnel, and determine the first distance measured by the first laser rangefinder at the end time of the current monitoring cycle, and set a plurality of second laser rangefinders at the longitudinal middle position of the bottom plate of each tunnel. an instrument, and determines the second distance measured by the second laser rangefinder at the end time of the current monitoring cycle, wherein the laser emission directions of the first laser rangefinder and the second laser rangefinder are perpendicular to the plane where the installation position is located; a mine layer external change scoring module, for determining the mine layer external change score according to the first distance and the second distance; an underground rock burst scoring module, for determining the underground rock burst score according to the result of the weighted sum of the mine layer internal change score and the mine layer external change score; a data module, for obtaining temperature data, humidity data and harmful gas concentration data at multiple times of the current monitoring cycle through a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a harmful gas sensor; an environmental scoring module, for determining the environmental score according to the temperature data, the humidity data and the harmful gas concentration data; an underground rock burst hazard level module, for determining the underground rock burst hazard level according to the underground rock burst score and the environmental score.

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