Rail-mounted impact overload loading and recovery device, system and test method

Abstract

The invention discloses a rail-mounted impact overload loading and recovery device, system and test method, and the device comprises an impact structure which comprises an impact vehicle head; the buffer assembly comprises at least one buffer which is horizontally arranged, at least one buffer front end mounting position is arranged on the end face of the rear end of the impact vehicle head, and the front end of the buffer is detachably connected with the buffer front end mounting position; the end face of the front end of the load platform is provided with at least one buffer rear end installation position, the rear ends of the buffers are detachably connected with the buffer rear end installation positions, the arrangement positions of the buffer front end installation positions correspond to the arrangement positions of the buffer rear end installation positions one to one, and the load platform is used for product installation; and the sliding structures are arranged at the bottoms of the impact vehicle head and the load platform correspondingly, and the sliding structures are used for being in sliding connection with the rails. According to the invention, impact overload loading simulation of ton-level large-mass products can be realized, and adjustment of impact overload platform values and pulse widths of the products can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of impact overload simulation test, and in particular to a track-type impact overload loading and recovery device, system and test method. Background Art

[0002] The impact overload environment is a common mechanical environment for product structures in high-speed loading scenarios such as penetration, vehicle collision, and falling. For products that need to experience the impact overload environment, it is necessary to study their ability to resist the impact overload. In the existing technology, the impact overload test methods mainly include split Hopkinson rod loading, piston and hydraulic system loading, Taylor impact loading, etc.

[0003] At present, the above-mentioned prior art mainly targets products with a mass below the kilogram level, and cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of high platform value and long pulse width impact overload loading and reliable recovery of large mass products of the ton level. The above-mentioned prior art defects are specifically reflected in the following aspects: (1) The mass of the targeted products is small: Due to the limitations of driving methods such as air guns and drop hammers, the mass of products targeted by the existing impact overload loading devices is usually in the kilogram level or below, and the mass is small; (2) The loading waveform is similar to a semi-sine shape, without an obvious platform value: The loading waveform of the existing impact overload loading device is similar to a semi-sine shape, and the Taylor impact of the truncated cone bullet can form a platform value of hundreds of microseconds, and the platform value is maintained for a short time, which is not conducive to distinguishing the maximum amplitude of the product's impact overload resistance; (3) The platform value pulse width is short: The loading waveform pulse width of the existing impact overload loading device is usually below 1ms, and it is impossible to achieve long pulse width loading of several milliseconds; (4) It is difficult to recover the product after loading: After impact loading, the existing impact overload loading device is usually accompanied by free rebound of the product after impact, and the product has the problem of secondary impact overload loading with a high amplitude such as falling and collision, and it is impossible to ensure the reliable recovery of the loaded product.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention develops a track-type impact overload loading and recovery device, system and test method to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to design a track-type impact overload loading and recovery device, system and test method in order to solve the above problems.

[0006] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned purpose through the following technical solutions: A track-type impact overload loading and recovery device, comprising: An impact structure, the impact structure comprising an impact vehicle head; A buffer assembly, the buffer assembly comprising at least one buffer arranged horizontally, at least one buffer front end mounting position being arranged on the rear end surface of the impact vehicle head, and the front end of the buffer being detachably connected to the buffer front end mounting position; A load platform, wherein at least one buffer rear end mounting position is provided on the front end surface of the load platform, the rear end of the buffer is detachably connected to the buffer rear end mounting position, the buffer front end mounting position corresponds to the buffer rear end mounting position in a one-to-one manner, and the load platform is used for product installation; A sliding structure is provided at the bottom of the impact vehicle head and the bottom of the load platform respectively, and the sliding structure is used for sliding connection with the track.

[0007] Preferably, the impact structure also includes a waveform shaper, which is connected to the front end face of the impact vehicle head, and the waveform shaper includes an arc structure made of elastic-plastic material, and the arc structure protrudes forward from the front end face of the impact vehicle head. When the waveform shaper is hit head-on, the arc structure is deformed into a flattened structure.

[0008] Preferably, the waveform shaper includes an arc plate and a straight flat plate, a slot is provided on the front end face of the impact vehicle head, the straight flat plates are respectively connected to the left and right sides of the arc plate, both straight flat plates are slidably clamped in the slot, the arc plate protrudes forward from the front end face of the impact vehicle head, a flattening space is left between the straight flat plate and the two ends of the slot, and in the process of the arc plate being deformed from the arc structure to the straight structure, the two straight flat plates slide toward the corresponding flattening space.

[0009] Specifically, the buffer includes an expansion tube and an expansion rod, the expansion tube includes a first circular tube, a frustum tube and a second circular tube, the first circular tube, the frustum tube and the second circular tube are coaxially connected end to end in sequence, the first circular tube has a smaller diameter end consistent with the diameter of the frustum tube, and the second circular tube has a larger diameter end consistent with the diameter of the frustum tube, the expansion rod includes a frustum column, a first cylinder and a second cylinder, the frustum column, the first cylinder and the second cylinder are coaxially connected end to end in sequence, the larger diameter end of the frustum column has a diameter consistent with the diameter of the first cylinder, and the frustum column is embedded in the frustum tube and is coaxially pre-tightenedly connected to the frustum tube, the first cylinder is embedded in the second cylinder and is coaxially pre-tightenedly connected to the second cylinder, the first cylinder is connected to the rear end mounting position of the buffer as the rear end of the buffer, the second cylinder is connected to the front end mounting position of the buffer as the front end of the buffer, the diameter of the smaller end of the frustum column is consistent with the inner diameter of the first cylinder, the diameter of the larger end of the frustum column is consistent with the inner diameter of the second cylinder, the lengths of the first cylinder and the second cylinder are consistent, and the inner wall of the expanded tube can be coated with a lubricant.

[0010] Specifically, the front end mounting position of the buffer includes a first blind hole and a first threaded hole, and the first threaded holes are distributed around the first blind hole. The front end of the expansion rod is provided with a first flange and a first anti-cutting opening, and the first anti-cutting opening corresponds to the position of the first blind hole and is adapted to be installed in the first blind hole. The cylindrical through hole on the first flange corresponds one-to-one to the position of the first threaded hole and is connected to the first threaded hole through a first bolt. The rear end mounting position of the buffer includes a second blind hole and a second threaded hole, and the second threaded holes are distributed around the second blind hole. The rear end of the expansion tube is provided with a second flange and a second anti-cutting opening, and the second anti-cutting opening corresponds to the position of the second blind hole and is adapted to be installed in the second blind hole. The cylindrical through hole on the second flange corresponds one-to-one to the position of the second threaded hole and is connected to the second threaded hole through a second bolt.

[0011] Preferably, the expansion rod is made of 30CrMoA steel, and the expansion tube is made of 304 stainless steel.

[0012] Specifically, the load platform includes an upper mounting plate and a lower base, the mounting plate and the base together constitute a convex structure, the rear end mounting position of the buffer is arranged on the front end surface of the mounting plate, and the sliding structure includes sliding shoes respectively arranged at the bottom of both sides of the base.

[0013] Preferably, the impact vehicle head includes a box-shaped outer shell and a plurality of first reinforcing ribs arranged inside the box-shaped outer shell, the box-shaped outer shell is made of aluminum alloy, and / or the load platform includes a convex outer shell and a plurality of second reinforcing ribs arranged inside the convex outer shell, the convex outer shell is made of Q890 steel.

[0014] Preferably, an acceleration acquisition device is provided on the load platform, and a collection end of the acceleration acquisition device is used to connect with a product installation position and a product on the load platform.

[0015] The present invention also provides a track-type impact overload loading and recovery system, comprising: A loading and recovery device, wherein the loading and recovery device is the aforementioned track-type impact overload loading and recovery device; A track, wherein the track is a horizontally arranged straight track, and a launch start position, a braking position and a target wall setting position are sequentially arranged on the straight track; The target wall, the sliding structure of the loading and recovery device is slidably connected to the track, the target wall is fixed at the target wall setting site, and the target wall is set toward the front end of the impact vehicle head of the loading and recovery device.

[0016] A track-type impact overload loading and recovery test method comprises the following steps: Acquiring target load data of the product, wherein the target load data includes a platform value and a pulse width required for impact overload; Calculating the design parameters of the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 according to the target load data; The track-type impact overload loading and recovery device is manufactured according to the design parameters and tested. The test steps are as follows: Installing the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device on a horizontally arranged straight track, and adjusting the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device to the launch starting position of the straight track; Install the product to be tested on the load platform of the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device, and ensure that the impact structure, buffer assembly, load platform and the center of mass of the product in the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device are at the same height; Driving the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device to perform accelerated motion on the straight track and reach a preset target speed at a braking position on the straight track; The driving of the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device is stopped at the braking point, so that the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device loses driving force and continues to move along the straight track under the action of inertia until the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device collides with the target wall, slowly decelerates and finally stops on the track, and the response data of the product under the target load data is obtained to complete the test.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: A track-type impact overload loading and recovery device, system and test method have been invented. Through the detachable buffer, the structural size and layout of the buffer can be changed, thereby realizing the impact overload loading simulation of tons of large-mass products and realizing the adjustment of the product impact overload platform value and pulse width. The track-type structure can achieve smooth recovery of the device and product after impact overload loading. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a side view of a track-type impact overload loading and recovery device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A top view of a track-type impact overload loading and recovery device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a front view of a track-type impact overload loading and recovery device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A rear view of a vehicle head impacting an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a front view of the impact vehicle head in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 A top view of the impact vehicle head in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 A side view of a vehicle head impacting an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a front view of the load platform in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 9 is a top view of a load platform in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the load platform in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.11 is a cross-sectional view of a buffer according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.12 This is a working state diagram of a track-type impact overload loading and recovery system of the present invention; Fig.13 Schematic diagram of the structure of a waveform shaper in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.14 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the impact vehicle head in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.15 Schematic diagram of the track-type impact overload loading and recovery test process in an embodiment of the present invention ( Fig.15 15a indicates that the loading and recovery device collides with the target wall, 15b indicates that the loading and recovery device is deformed after colliding with the target wall, and 15c indicates that the loading and recovery device rebounds after colliding with the target wall); Fig.16 It is a load curve diagram after the impact of the impact vehicle head and the target wall in the embodiment of the present invention; Fig.17 is a load curve diagram of the load platform after being acted upon by the buffer in the embodiment of the present invention; Fig.18 It is an acceleration curve diagram of numerical simulation data and actual test data in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] In the figure: 1-load platform; 110-mounting plate; 111-second reinforcement rib; 120-base; 130-second threaded hole; 140-second blind hole; 150-product installation threaded hole; 2-buffer; 21-expanding rod; 211-second cylinder; 212-first cylinder; 213-cone column; 214-first anti-cutting opening; 215-first flange; 22-expanding tube; 221-second tube; 222-cone tube; 223-first tube; 224-second anti-cutting opening; 225-second flange; 3-impact head; 310-rib plate; 320-first threaded hole; 330-first blind hole; 340-first reinforcement rib; 4-waveform shaper; 41-arc plate; 410-slot; 42-straight plate; 5-straight track; 6-target wall; 7-shoe; 8-product. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0021] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", "left", "right", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are directions or positional relationships in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use, or are directions or positional relationships commonly understood by those skilled in the art. These directions or positional relationships are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0024] Furthermore, the terms “first”, “second”, etc. are merely used for distinguishing descriptions and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0025] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms such as "setting" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0026] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0027] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, a track-type impact overload loading and recovery device comprises: An impact structure, the impact structure comprising an impact vehicle head 3; A buffer assembly, the buffer assembly comprising at least one buffer 2 arranged horizontally, at least one buffer front end mounting position being arranged on the rear end surface of the impact vehicle head 3, and the front end of the buffer 2 being detachably connected to the buffer front end mounting position; A load platform 1, wherein at least one buffer rear end mounting position is provided on the front end surface of the load platform 1, the rear end of the buffer 2 is detachably connected to the buffer rear end mounting position, the buffer front end mounting position corresponds to the buffer rear end mounting position in a one-to-one manner, and the load platform 1 is used for product installation; A sliding structure is provided at the bottom of the impact vehicle head 3 and the bottom of the load platform respectively, and the sliding structure is used for sliding connection with the track.

[0028] like Fig.12 As shown, in some embodiments, the present invention further provides a track-type impact overload loading and recovery system, comprising: A loading and recovery device, wherein the loading and recovery device is the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device; Track, the track is a horizontally arranged straight track 5, on which a launch start position, a braking position and a target wall 6 setting position are arranged in sequence; The target wall 6, the sliding structure of the loading and recovery device is slidably connected with the track, the target wall 6 is fixed at the setting position of the target wall 6, and the target wall 6 is set toward the front end of the impact head 3 of the loading and recovery device. The raised cylindrical surface faces the target wall.

[0029] Combination Figure 1-3 and Figure 5-6 As shown, in some embodiments, the waveform shaper 4 is preferably connected to the front end face of the impact vehicle head 3, and the waveform shaper 4 includes an arc structure made of elastic-plastic material, the arc structure protrudes forward from the front end face of the impact vehicle head 3, and when the waveform shaper 4 is hit head-on, the arc structure is deformed into a flattened structure. Fig.13As shown, the waveform shaper 4 includes an arc plate 41 and a straight flat plate 42. A slot 410 is provided on the front end face of the impact vehicle head 3. The left and right sides of the arc plate 41 are respectively connected to the straight flat plates 42. Both straight flat plates 42 are clamped in the slot 410. The arc plate 41 protrudes forward from the front end face of the impact vehicle head 3. A flattening space is left between the straight flat plate 42 and the two ends of the slot 410. In the process of the arc plate 41 being plastically deformed from the arc structure to the straight structure, the two straight flat plates 42 slide toward the corresponding flattening space. After the arc plate 41 is hit head-on, the arc plate 41 is flattened into a rectangular parallelepiped along the slot as a whole. The width of the slot 410 on the impact vehicle head 3 is sufficient to accommodate the flattened arc plate 41. The axial direction of the arc plate 41 is perpendicular to the track surface of the track.

[0030] In addition to the above-mentioned slot 410 realizing the flattening of the waveform shaper 4, the waveform shaper 4 can also be connected to the front end face of the impact vehicle head by means of weak bolts.

[0031] like Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments, the impact head 3 is preferably a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and a rib plate 310 is designed on each of the two sides, and the rib plate 310 is an open hollow triangular prism connecting rib plate. The rib plate 310 is made of Q890 structural steel, and the rib plate 310 and the impact head 3 are fixedly installed through a connecting piece, and the two sliding shoes 7 are respectively fixedly installed at the bottom of the connecting rib plate 310 through the connecting piece.

[0032] It is preferred that the waveform shaper 4 is made of 304 stainless steel.

[0033] like Fig.11As shown, the buffer 2 includes an expansion tube 22 and an expansion rod 21, the expansion tube 22 includes a first circular tube 223, a frustum tube 222 and a second circular tube 221, the first circular tube 223, the frustum tube 222 and the second circular tube 221 are coaxially connected end to end in sequence, the first circular tube 223 and the frustum tube 222 have the same diameter at the smaller end, the second circular tube 221 and the frustum tube 222 have the same diameter at the larger end, the expansion rod 21 includes a frustum column 213, a first cylinder 212 and a second cylinder 211, the frustum column 213, the first cylinder 212 and the second cylinder 211 are coaxially connected end to end in sequence, the larger end of the frustum column 213 and the first cylinder 212 have the same diameter. The frustum column 213 is embedded in the frustum tube 222 and is coaxially pre-tightened with the frustum tube 222, the first cylinder 212 is embedded in the second cylinder 221 and is coaxially pre-tightened with the second cylinder 221, the first cylinder 223 is connected to the rear end of the buffer 2 as the rear end, the second cylinder 211 is connected to the front end of the buffer as the front end, the diameter of the smaller end of the frustum column 213 is consistent with the inner diameter of the first cylinder 223, the diameter of the larger end of the frustum column 213 is consistent with the inner diameter of the second cylinder 221, and the lengths of the first cylinder 223 and the second cylinder 211 are consistent. The outer profile of the frustum column 213 matches the inner profile of the frustum tube 222.

[0034] The expanded diameter tube 22 is a hollow tube with a uniform wall thickness.

[0035] Among them, it is preferred that the inner wall of the expanded tube 22 is coated with a high temperature resistant lubricant.

[0036] Among them, the coaxial pre-tightening connection of a single buffer can resist the static suspension tension of an object not less than 500 kg.

[0037] During the operation of the buffer 2 , the pushing force of the expansion rod 21 on the expansion tube 22 is transmitted to the load platform 1 , causing the load platform 1 to move under the designed overload.

[0038] Combination Figure 4 and Fig.11 As shown, in some embodiments, the front end mounting position of the buffer includes a first blind hole 330 and a first threaded hole 320, the first threaded holes 320 are distributed around the first blind hole 330, the front end of the expansion rod 21 is provided with a first flange 215 and a first anti-cutting notch 214, the first anti-cutting notch 214 corresponds to the position of the first blind hole 330 and is adapted to be installed in the first blind hole 330, the cylindrical through hole on the first flange 215 corresponds to the position of the first threaded hole 320 and is connected to the first threaded hole 320 through a first bolt. Figure 8 and Fig.11 As shown, the rear end mounting position of the buffer includes a second blind hole 140 and a second threaded hole 130, the second threaded holes 130 are distributed around the second blind hole 140, the rear end of the expansion tube 22 is provided with a second flange 225 and a second cut-prevention notch 224, the second cut-prevention notch 224 corresponds to the position of the second blind hole 140 and is adapted to be installed in the second blind hole 140, the cylindrical through hole on the second flange 225 corresponds to the position of the second threaded hole 130 and is connected to the second threaded hole 130 through a second bolt. Figure 8 As shown, product mounting positions are installed at the front and rear of the mounting plate 110, and the product mounting positions include a plurality of product mounting threaded holes 150 evenly distributed in the middle of the front end surface and the middle of the rear end surface of the mounting plate 110, and the plurality of product mounting threaded holes 150 are diffusely arranged layer by layer from the inside to the outside.

[0039] In some embodiments, it is preferred to set a row of buffer front end mounting positions on the left and right sides of the rear end face of the impact vehicle head 3, and one row includes three buffer front end mounting positions arranged at intervals, and the buffer front end mounting position includes six circular first blind holes 330 distributed in a "2×3" state, that is, three circular first blind holes 330 are distributed on each side, and the three first blind holes 330 are distributed at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction. Eight first threaded holes 320 are distributed evenly around each blind hole.

[0040] In some embodiments, the surface of the load platform 1 facing the target wall and parallel to the target wall is provided with six circular second blind holes 140, the distribution pattern of which is consistent with the six circular first blind holes 330 of the impact vehicle head 3, and eight second threaded holes 130 are evenly distributed around each blind hole, which is consistent with the corresponding bumper mounting surface on the impact vehicle head. The surface of the load platform 1 facing away from the target wall and parallel to the target wall provides an installation interface for the product 8, and the product is usually fixedly mounted on this surface of the load platform 1 through a connector. In addition, the plane of the load platform 1 with six second blind holes 140 can also be used to install smaller products, and the maximum size of the product that can be installed is subject to the boundary constraint condition of not causing geometric interference with the working bumper.

[0041] It is worth noting that the present invention can increase the number of available buffers by increasing the structural size and changing the layout of the buffers. For example, under the condition that six buffer front mounting positions are provided on the impact vehicle head 3 and six buffer rear mounting positions are provided on the load platform 1, when two groups of buffers are used, one group should be distributed on the left and right and located in the middle of the buffer front mounting positions and buffer rear mounting positions of the impact vehicle head 3 and the load platform 1; when four groups of buffers are used, two groups should be distributed on the left and right and located at the upper and lower ends of the six mounting positions respectively; when six groups of buffers are used, all six mounting positions are used.

[0042] In some embodiments, it is preferred that the diameter-expanding rod 21 is made of 30CrMoA steel, and the diameter-expanding tube 22 is made of 304 stainless steel.

[0043] As Figure 8 and Fig. 9 shown, in some embodiments, the load platform 1 includes an upper mounting plate 110 and a lower base 120. The mounting plate 110 and the base 120 together form a convex structure. The rear mounting position of the buffer is provided on the front end face of the mounting plate 110. The sliding structure includes sliding shoes 7 respectively arranged at the bottoms of both sides of the base 120.

[0044] The sliding shoes are connected to the straight track 5 in a "U" - shaped snap connection. Before impact, the sliding shoes 7 restrict the movement direction of the whole device to be parallel to the length direction of the straight track 5. After the impact, the device rebounds, and the load platform 1 and the sliding shoes 7 still maintain a fixed connection. The sliding shoes 7 will restrict the movement direction of the rebounding device to still be parallel to the track length direction, and through the friction between the sliding shoes 7 and the track plane of the straight track 5, the device is made to slow down slowly, realizing the stable recovery of the device.

[0045] As Fig.10 and Fig.14 shown, in some embodiments, the impact head 3 includes a box - shaped outer shell and a number of first reinforcing ribs 340 arranged inside the box - shaped outer shell. The box - shaped outer shell is made of aluminum alloy.

[0046] As Fig.10 and Fig.14 shown, in some embodiments, the load platform 1 includes a convex - shaped outer shell and a number of second reinforcing ribs 111 arranged inside the convex - shaped outer shell. The convex - shaped outer shell is made of Q890 steel.

[0047] Through the above - mentioned structure, the lightweight design of the load platform 1 is realized. Below the "convex" character is a cuboid box - type structure with a height of about 120 mm and a width spanning the track width. A sliding shoe 7 is fixedly installed at each of the lower parts on both sides and is connected to the track. The length of the cuboid box - type structure is slightly greater than the width of the sliding shoe 7. Above the "convex" character is a cuboid box - type structure with a height of about 1 m, and the width and length are respectively smaller than the width and length of the cuboid box - type structure below the "convex" character.

[0048] The total mass of the above - mentioned lightweight impact head 3, sliding shoes 7 and waveform shaper does not exceed 20% of the total mass of the device, ensuring that more energy is used for the impact overload loading of the product.

[0049] In some embodiments, preferably, an acceleration acquisition device is provided on the load platform 1. The acquisition end of the acceleration acquisition device is used to connect with the product mounting position and the product 8 on the load platform 1.

[0050] A track-type impact overload loading and recovery test method comprises the following steps: Acquiring target load data of the product, wherein the target load data includes a platform value and a pulse width required for impact overload; Calculating the design parameters of the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 according to the target load data; The track-type impact overload loading and recovery device is manufactured according to the design parameters and tested. The test steps are as follows: Installing the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device on a horizontally arranged straight track, and adjusting the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device to the launch starting position of the straight track; Install the product to be tested on the load platform of the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device, and ensure that the impact structure, buffer assembly, load platform and the center of mass of the product in the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device are at the same height; Driving the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device to perform accelerated motion on the straight track and reach a preset target speed at a braking position on the straight track; The driving of the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device is stopped at the braking point, so that the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device loses driving force and continues to move along the straight track under the action of inertia until the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device collides with the target wall, slowly decelerates and finally stops on the track, and the response data of the product under the target load data is obtained to complete the test.

[0051] Combination Fig.12 He Ru Fig.15 As shown in the figure, at time t0, the device collides with the target wall 6, and the impact force between the two has a high amplitude and a short pulse width, which causes the impact vehicle head to quickly (~2ms, the specific time is related to the loading speed) decelerate to 0m / s. Under the action of inertia, the buffer 2 and the load platform 1 still move toward the target wall 6, driving the length of the buffer 2 to shorten. At the same time, the buffer 2 provides a small amplitude support reaction force to the load platform 1, and the pulse width of the support reaction force becomes longer, causing the product on the load platform 1 to experience the designed high platform value long pulse width impact overload environment. After time t1, the length of the buffer 2 is shortened to the target length, the overall speed of the device drops to zero, and it starts to rebound in the reverse direction. During the reverse rebound, the device is still constrained to move along the track under the action of the sliding shoe 7 buckle, and there is a small friction between the sliding shoe 7 and the track, which will cause the device to rebound and decelerate. After time t2, due to the friction deceleration effect, the device slowly decelerates and finally stops on the track, realizing the reliable recovery of the device and the product after the collision.

[0052] like Fig.16 and Fig.17It can be seen that the buffering effect of the buffer on the load platform 1 and the time sequence of the load generation of the load platform 1 and the impact head 3, the load amplitude of the load platform 1 and the impact head 3 are quite different.

[0053] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The thick-walled conical reducing and expanding tube has a large thrust, which can realize the impact overload loading of large mass products. The ratio of the wall thickness to the diameter of the thick-walled expanded tube is above 0.1. When the expansion rod 21 expands, the expanded tube 22 produces controllable plastic deformation and provides thrust for the load platform 1. The thrust of a single expanded tube 22 can reach more than 4500kN. Six buffers 2 are used to achieve an impact overload loading of about 1300g for large-mass products of ton level (effective mass of about 2 tons).

[0054] (2) The present invention makes it easy to adjust and design the platform value and pulse width of the impact overload The invention also discloses a method for easily adjusting a platform value and a pulse width, which can be used for a track-type impact overload loading and recovery test method.

[0055] The track-type impact overload loading and recovery device (hereinafter referred to as the device) of the present invention can realize the conversion of kinetic energy into impact overload of the load platform and the product. The effective mass of the device refers to the sum of the mass of the expansion tube, the load platform (including the sliding shoe) and the product of the device; the total mass of the device includes the total mass of the device itself and the installed product.

[0056] The feasibility of the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device and the test method of the present invention is verified as follows: Acquiring target load data of the product, wherein the target load data includes a platform value and a pulse width required for impact overload; Calculating the design parameters of the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 according to the target load data; The track-type impact overload loading and recovery device is manufactured according to the design parameters and tested. The test steps are as follows: Installing the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device on a horizontally arranged straight track, and adjusting the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device to the launch starting position of the straight track; Install the product to be tested on the load platform of the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device, and ensure that the impact structure, buffer assembly, load platform and the center of mass of the product in the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device are at the same height; Driving the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device to perform accelerated motion on the straight track and reach a preset target speed at a braking position on the straight track; Stop driving the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device at the braking position, so that the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device loses driving force and continues to move along the straight track under the action of inertia, until the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device collides with the target wall, slowly decelerates, and finally stops on the track; Collecting actual test data of the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device from the start to the stop, wherein the actual test data includes acceleration data of the product and acceleration data of the mounting plate during the actual test; Performing numerical simulation on the impact overload process of the product according to the design parameters to obtain numerical simulation data, wherein the numerical simulation data includes acceleration data of the mounting plate during the numerical simulation process; The numerical simulation data and the actual test data are compared to determine whether the two are consistent. If so, it means that the product has been correctly impact-overloaded, indicating that the track-type impact-overload loading and recovery device of the present invention is feasible.

[0057] like Fig.18 As shown, it is the acceleration curve diagram of numerical simulation data and actual test data, and products are installed before and after the mounting plate. Fig.18 Mounting plate 1 and mounting plate 2 represent the acceleration curves of two different positions close to the product installation position obtained by numerical simulation, cp1 represents the acceleration curve of the product installed in front of the mounting plate in the actual test data, cp2 represents the acceleration curve of the product installed behind the mounting plate in the actual test data, and mounting plate represents the acceleration curve of the mounting plate in the actual test data. Fig.18 It can be seen that the present invention performs correct impact overload loading on the product.

[0058] The design parameter calculation principle is as follows: Impact overload platform value adjustment: The expansion force of the expansion rod 21 on the expansion tube 22 causes the effective mass of the device to decelerate. Assuming that the expansion force of the expansion rod 21 on the expansion tube 22 is F, according to Newton's second law:

[0059] In the formula, M is the effective mass of the device, a It is the impact overload platform value of the load. Therefore, by changing the buffer configuration design and quantity and adjusting the expansion force, the impact overload platform value of the product can be adjusted.

[0060] Impact overload pulse width modulation: After the device hits the target wall, the speed will be reduced to zero. According to the law of conservation of energy, assuming that the kinetic energy of the device is completely converted into the deformation energy of the buffer, then:

[0061] In the formula, lis the sliding distance of the expansion rod 21 relative to the expansion tube 22 ( l should be smaller than the length of the first circular tube 223). M total is the total mass of the device, V 0 is the speed at which the device hits the target wall 6. From this, the sliding distance of the expansion rod 21 relative to the expansion tube 22 can be determined. Assuming that the expansion rod 21 moves at a uniform deceleration, the impact overload pulse width is:

[0062] It can be seen that, for a specific orbital impact overload loading and recovery device, the impact overload pulse width can be adjusted by adjusting the speed at which the orbital impact overload loading and recovery device impacts the target wall 6.

[0063] Conversely, the design parameters of the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device can be obtained according to the platform value and pulse width under the target load.

[0064] (3) Double shaping design of waveform shaper and buffer to maintain the stability of impact overload When the device hits the target wall 6, the busbar of the arc surface of the waveform shaper 4 first contacts the target wall, and the arc surface begins to deform and gradually flatten. As the impact progresses, the contact area between the waveform shaper 4 and the target wall 6 gradually changes from the line contact of the busbar to the surface contact, and the impact force gradually increases. The structure of the waveform shaper 4 increases the rising edge time of the impact force between the device and the target wall 6, weakens the high-frequency component of the impact force, and realizes mechanical filtering. If there is no waveform shaper, the target wall 6 directly contacts the plane of the impact vehicle head 3, and the impact force of the two will quickly reach the maximum value. The impact force has a short rising edge time and many high-frequency components, which will increase the load oscillation of the buffer and the load platform 1, which is not conducive to the stability of the platform under impact overload.

[0065] Buffer 2 can further shape the impact force by converting the impact force of high amplitude and short pulse width into a trapezoidal-shaped impact overload waveform with higher platform value and long pulse width.

[0066] Through the dual shaping design of the waveform shaper and the buffer, the platform value stability of the product impact overload is achieved, and the impact overload load environment experienced by the product can be determined more accurately.

[0067] (4) The components of the device are designed to be at the same height as the center of mass of the product to maintain structural stability during impact Adjust the center of mass height of the impact vehicle head 3, buffer 2, load platform 1 and the carried product 8 to ensure that the center of mass of the impact vehicle head 3, buffer 2, load platform 1 and the carried product 8 is at the same height from the track surface, so that no additional torque is generated when the device hits the target wall 6, and the overall structural stability of the device can be maintained during the impact. If the center of mass of the components is not at the same height, a torque will be generated that deviates from the track surface, and the device components will move in a direction perpendicular to the track plane, which is not conducive to the overall structural stability of the device.

[0068] (5) Sliding shoe buckle design and track-type constraint to achieve smooth recovery of the device after loading The whole device is connected to the track 5 in a "U" shape by a sliding shoe 7, and the track extends to the target wall 6 to ensure that the device moves on the track during the launch, acceleration, target collision, and rebound stages. The snap connection between the sliding shoe 7 and the track not only constrains the movement direction of the device from the launch point to the target collision, but also constrains the movement direction of the device when rebounding after the target collision, and uses the small friction between the sliding shoe 7 and the track surface to decelerate the rebound device, thereby achieving smooth recovery of the device and the product.

[0069] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A track-type impact overload loading and recovery device, characterized in that: include: An impact structure, the impact structure comprising an impact vehicle head (3); A buffer assembly, the buffer assembly comprising at least one buffer (2) arranged horizontally, at least one buffer front end mounting position being provided on the rear end surface of the impact vehicle head (3), the front end of the buffer (2) being detachably connected to the buffer front end mounting position; A load platform (1), wherein at least one buffer rear end mounting position is provided on a front end surface of the load platform (1), the rear end of the buffer (2) is detachably connected to the buffer rear end mounting position, the buffer front end mounting position and the buffer rear end mounting position are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and the load platform (1) is used for product installation; A sliding structure is provided at the bottom of the impact vehicle head (3) and the bottom of the load platform (1), respectively, and the sliding structure is used for sliding connection with a track.

2. The track-type impact overload loading and recovery device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The impact structure further comprises a waveform shaper (4), the waveform shaper (4) being connected to the front end face of the impact vehicle head (3), the waveform shaper (4) comprising an arc structure made of elastic-plastic material, the arc structure protruding forward from the front end face of the impact vehicle head (3), and when the waveform shaper (4) is subjected to a head-on impact, the arc structure is deformed into a flattened structure.

3. The track-type impact overload loading and recovery device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The waveform shaper (4) comprises an arc plate (41) and a straight flat plate (42); a slot (410) is provided on the front end surface of the impact vehicle head (3); the straight flat plates (42) are connected to the left and right sides of the arc plate (41) respectively; the two straight flat plates (42) are both locked in the slot (410); the arc plate (41) protrudes forward from the front end surface of the impact vehicle head (3); a flattening space is left between the straight flat plate (42) and the two ends of the slot (410); and in the process of the arc plate (41) deforming from an arc structure to a straight structure, the two straight flat plates (42) slide towards the corresponding flattening space.

4. The track-type impact overload loading and recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer (2) comprises an expansion tube (22) and an expansion rod (21); the expansion tube (22) comprises a first circular tube (223), a frustum tube (222) and a second circular tube (221); the first circular tube (223), the frustum tube (222) and the second circular tube (221) are coaxially connected end to end in sequence; the first circular tube (223) and the frustum tube (222) have the same diameter at the smaller end; the second circular tube (221) and the frustum tube (222) have the same diameter at the larger end; the expansion rod (21) comprises a frustum column (213), a first circular cylinder (212) and a second circular cylinder (211); the frustum column (213), the first circular cylinder (212) and the second circular cylinder (211) are coaxially connected end to end in sequence; the larger end of the frustum column (213) and the first circular cylinder (211) are coaxially connected end to end; 12) have the same diameter, the frustum column (213) is embedded in the frustum tube (222) and is coaxially pre-tightened with the frustum tube (222), the first cylinder (212) is embedded in the second cylinder (221) and is coaxially pre-tightened with the second cylinder (221), the first cylinder (223) is connected to the rear end mounting position of the buffer as the rear end of the buffer, the second cylinder (211) is connected to the front end mounting position of the buffer as the front end of the buffer (2), the diameter of the smaller end of the frustum column (213) is consistent with the inner diameter of the first cylinder (223), the diameter of the larger end of the frustum column (213) is consistent with the inner diameter of the second cylinder (221), and the lengths of the first cylinder (223) and the second cylinder (211) are consistent.

5. The track-type impact overload loading and recovery device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The front end mounting position of the buffer comprises a first blind hole (330) and a first threaded hole (320), wherein the first threaded holes (320) are distributed around the first blind hole (330), and the front end of the expansion rod (21) is provided with a first flange (215) and a first anti-shearing opening (214), wherein the first anti-shearing opening (214) corresponds to the position of the first blind hole (330) and is adapted to be installed in the first blind hole (330), and the cylindrical through hole on the first flange (215) corresponds to the position of the first threaded hole (320) one by one and is connected to the first threaded hole (320) through a first bolt, The rear end mounting position of the buffer comprises a second blind hole (140) and a second threaded hole (130), wherein the second threaded holes (130) are distributed around the second blind hole (140), and the rear end of the expanded tube (22) is provided with a second flange (225) and a second anti-shearing opening (224), wherein the second anti-shearing opening (224) corresponds to the position of the second blind hole (140) and is adapted to be installed in the second blind hole (140), and the cylindrical through hole on the second flange (225) corresponds to the position of the second threaded hole (130) one by one and is connected to the second threaded hole (130) via a second bolt.

6. The track-type impact overload loading and recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The load platform (1) comprises an upper mounting plate (110) and a lower base (120), wherein the mounting plate (110) and the base (120) together form a convex structure, the rear end mounting position of the buffer is arranged on the front end surface of the mounting plate (110), and the sliding structure comprises sliding shoes (7) respectively arranged at the bottom of both sides of the base (120).

7. The track-type impact overload loading and recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impact vehicle head (3) comprises a box-shaped outer shell and a plurality of first reinforcing ribs (340) arranged inside the box-shaped outer shell, the box-shaped outer shell is made of aluminum alloy, and / or the load platform (1) comprises a convex outer shell and a plurality of second reinforcing ribs (111) arranged inside the convex outer shell, the convex outer shell is made of Q890 steel.

8. The track-type impact overload loading and recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An acceleration acquisition device is provided on the load platform (1), and an acquisition end of the acceleration acquisition device is used to connect with a product installation position and a product (8) on the load platform (1).

9. A track-type impact overload loading and recovery system, characterized in that: include: A loading and recovery device, wherein the loading and recovery device is a track-type impact overload loading and recovery device as described in any one of claims 1 to 8; A track, wherein the track is a horizontally arranged straight track (5), and a launch start position, a braking position, and a target wall (6) setting position are sequentially arranged on the straight track (5); A target wall (6), the sliding structure of the loading and recovery device is slidably connected to the track, the target wall (6) is fixed at the target wall (6) setting position, and the target wall (6) is set towards the front end of the impact vehicle head (3) of the loading and recovery device.

10. A track-type impact overload loading and recovery test method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Acquiring target load data of the product, wherein the target load data includes a platform value and a pulse width required for impact overload; Calculating the design parameters of the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 according to the target load data; The track-type impact overload loading and recovery device is manufactured according to the design parameters and tested. The test steps are as follows: Installing the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device on a horizontally arranged straight track, and adjusting the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device to the launch starting position of the straight track; Install the product to be tested on the load platform of the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device, and ensure that the impact structure, buffer assembly, load platform and the center of mass of the product in the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device are at the same height; Driving the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device to perform accelerated motion on the straight track and reach a preset target speed at a braking position on the straight track; The driving of the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device is stopped at the braking point, so that the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device loses driving force and continues to move along the straight track under the action of inertia until the track-type impact overload loading and recovery device collides with the target wall, slowly decelerates and finally stops on the track, and the response data of the product under the target load data is obtained to complete the test.

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