Device for testing mechanical property of rack rail type large-gradient ballast track bed

Abstract

The invention discloses a rack rail type large-gradient ballast track bed mechanical property test device, which belongs to the technical field of rail traffic tests, and comprises a ballast box placed on a base, eight sleepers are laid on a ballast bed in a railway ballast box at equal intervals, and two parallel steel rails and a rack are vertically laid on the sleepers. An equipment platform for simulating a bogie is arranged above the two steel rails; and an adjustable downward pressure device is arranged on the end wall of the railway ballast box, is positioned above the equipment platform and provides vertical loading force for the equipment platform. The test device has the advantages of being reasonable in structure, easy and convenient to operate, wide in application range, accurate and reliable in test result and the like, and important test data and technical support can be provided for large-scale mass production of rack rail trains and mountain rail traffic construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of rail transit tests, and in particular relates to a mechanical property test device for a large-slope ballasted track bed in the form of a rack track. Background Art

[0002] Most of the existing railways in my country are built in relatively flat areas, and there is relatively little experience in building railways with steep slopes. However, my country has a vast territory and rich terrain. The western region is mountainous and steep, and railway construction inevitably passes through steep slope sections. With the planning and construction of the Sichuan-Tibet Line and the Dusi Line (cog railway), the mechanical behavior of ballasted trackbeds on steep slopes has become a focus of urgent research. In the Dusi Line cog railway, under the drive form of gear racks, the racks transmit a large longitudinal force to the trackbed, and the large longitudinal force will affect the stability of the trackbed, such as deformation of the track structure and decreased stability of the trackbed. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the evolution of the mechanical behavior of ballasted trackbeds on steep slopes.

[0003] Existing research on the mechanical properties of ballasted track bed generally starts from the transmission of vertical and lateral forces, and there is little research on the transmission of its longitudinal force, lacking theoretical and experimental basis. In view of the insufficiency of existing test experience and equipment, a mechanical properties test device for ballasted track bed of rack railway is built to test the longitudinal force of the track under vertical ballast, the vertical longitudinal displacement of the sleeper, the stress of the crushed stone ballast, the change of the longitudinal force under long-term load, and the change of the longitudinal resistance of the track bed, which is of great significance for the design and performance evaluation of the rack railway with a large slope. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a test device for the mechanical properties of a large-slope ballasted track bed in the form of a rack track in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, so as to solve the problems of insufficient research, test experience and equipment on the mechanical properties of the ballasted track bed.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A mechanical property test device for a large-slope ballasted track bed in the form of a rack track, comprising a ballast box placed on a base; eight sleepers with the same spacing are laid on the ballast bed in the ballast box, and two parallel rails and a rack are vertically laid on the sleepers; an equipment platform simulating a bogie is provided above the two rails; an adjustable down-pressure device is provided on the end wall of the ballast box, and the adjustable down-pressure device is located above the equipment platform and provides a vertical loading force for the equipment platform.

[0007] Preferably, the ballast box is filled with a plurality of crushed stone ballasts, and the plurality of crushed stone ballasts constitute a ballast bed.

[0008] Preferably, the equipment platform comprises an equipment platform frame; a loading plate is provided above the equipment platform frame; two pairs of wheels and a motor are provided below the equipment platform frame, and the wheels are rollingly connected to the two rails;

[0009] A small sprocket is provided on the motor shaft of the motor; a driving gear and a large sprocket are installed on the rear wheel pair; the driving gear is meshed and connected with the rack; the large sprocket and the driving gear are connected by a coupling; the small sprocket and the large sprocket are connected by a chain.

[0010] Preferably, the motor is inverted on the lower surface plate of the equipment platform frame through a motor fixing seat.

[0011] Preferably, a first hydraulic cylinder is provided above the equipment platform frame; the first hydraulic cylinder is connected to one end of the loading plate.

[0012] Preferably, the adjustable down pressure device includes a gantry fixedly mounted on the end wall of the ballast box; a guide wheel is provided along the length direction of the gantry, a second hydraulic cylinder is provided on the guide wheel, and the second hydraulic cylinder is connected to the loading block through a rotating mechanism; the loading block loads force on the loading plate.

[0013] Preferably, the gantry includes four longitudinal beams and two transverse beams; the four longitudinal beams are fixed to the end wall of the ballast box by bolts; the two transverse beams are respectively installed between the two longitudinal beams, and a guide rail is installed between the two transverse beams; the guide wheel is embedded in the guide rail.

[0014] Preferably, a testing device is also included; the testing device includes a displacement sensor for measuring the longitudinal vertical displacement of the sleeper and the longitudinal displacement of the rail, a pressure sensor for measuring the longitudinal force of the rail, and an acceleration sensor for measuring the acceleration and stress of the ballast.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes a slope adjustment device; the slope adjustment device includes two identical third hydraulic cylinders; the third hydraulic cylinder is installed at one end of the base, and a slider is provided at the end of the third hydraulic cylinder, and the slider is embedded in the base guide rail on the ballast box; the other end of the base is connected to the lower end of the ballast box by a hinge.

[0016] The present invention provides a large-slope ballasted track bed mechanical performance test device, which has the following features:

[0017] Beneficial effects:

[0018] The test device of the present invention has the advantages of reasonable structure, simple operation, wide application range, accurate and reliable test results, etc., and can provide important test data and technical support for the large-scale mass production of rack railway trains and the construction of mountain rail transit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a mechanical property test device for a large-slope ballasted track bed in the rack track form of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ballast box and its internal components of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of sensor arrangement of the present invention

[0022] Figure 4 It is a side view of the equipment platform of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 It is a top view of the equipment platform of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustable down pressure device of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ramp adjustment device of the present invention.

[0026] Among them, 1. base; 2. ballast box; 3. crushed stone ballast; 4. sleeper; 5. rail; 6. rack; 7. displacement sensor; 8. pressure sensor; 9. acceleration sensor; 10. equipment platform; 11. adjustable down pressure device; 12. equipment platform frame; 13. wheelset; 14. driving gear; 15. motor; 16. motor fixing seat; 17. small sprocket; 18. large sprocket; 19. chain; 20. loading plate; 21. first hydraulic cylinder; 22. coupling; 23. longitudinal beam; 24. cross beam; 25. loading block; 26. second hydraulic cylinder; 27. guide rail; 28. guide wheel; 29. ​​driving motor; 30. third hydraulic cylinder; 31. slider; 32. base guide rail; 33. rotating mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] This embodiment provides a mechanical property test device for a large-slope ballasted track bed in the form of a rack track. This embodiment has strong reliability, can be applied to different slopes, is simple to operate, has good repeatability, and can reflect the actual large-slope track bed conditions. Figure 1 and Figure 2 , which specifically include:

[0030] A ballast box 2 is placed on a base 1, and is filled with a number of crushed stone ballasts 3. The crushed stone ballasts 3 form a ballast bed, and eight sleepers 4 with the same spacing are laid on the ballast bed. Two parallel rails 5 and a rack 6 are vertically laid on the sleepers 4. The rack 6 is located between the two rails 5. An equipment platform 10 simulating a bogie is provided above the two rails 5. An adjustable down-pressure device 11 is provided on the end wall of the ballast box 2. The adjustable down-pressure device 11 is located above the equipment platform 10 and provides a vertical loading force for the equipment platform 10.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, two steel rails 5 with a gauge of 1000 mm are installed on the steel sleeper 4 using spring clip fasteners, and the rack 6 is installed using special fasteners for the rack 6.

[0032] refer to Figure 7 A slope adjustment device is installed between the base 1 and the ballast box 2 for actively adjusting the angle between the ballast box 2 and the ground. The slope adjustment device includes two identical third hydraulic cylinders 30. The third hydraulic cylinder 30 is installed at one end of the base 1. A slider 31 is provided at the end of the third hydraulic cylinder 30. The slider 31 is embedded in a base guide rail 32 on the ballast box 2. The other end of the base 1 is connected to the lower end of the ballast box 2 by a hinge, and is connected to the bottom of the ballast box 2 through the slider 31 and the base guide rail 32, so as to actively adjust the angle between the ballast box 2 and the ground.

[0033] refer to Figure 3 The ballast box 2 is provided with a test device, which mainly includes: a pressure sensor 8 and a displacement sensor 7 installed on the end of the track and the wall of the ballast box 2, which are used to test the longitudinal force and displacement of the track; a longitudinal resistance test assembly of the ballast bed installed between the lower end of the ballast box 2 and the sleeper 4, including a displacement sensor 7 and a pressure sensor 8 for testing the longitudinal displacement and longitudinal resistance of the ballast bed; a sensor installed at the center of the end of the ballast box 2 that is the same as the rail 5 test assembly, which is used to test the longitudinal force and displacement of the rack 6 and the intelligent ballast particles buried in the gravel roadbed, and an acceleration sensor 9 for testing the acceleration and stress of the ballast.

[0034] Device platform 10;

[0035] refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 It specifically includes an equipment platform frame 12, a wheelset 13, a driving gear 14 connected to the wheelset 13, a motor 15, a motor fixing seat 16, a small sprocket 17, a large sprocket 18, a chain 19, a loading plate 20, a first hydraulic cylinder 21 and a coupling 22.

[0036] Specifically, a loading plate 20 is provided above the equipment platform frame 12 , and two sets of wheel sets 13 and a motor 15 are provided below the equipment platform frame 12 . The wheel sets 13 are rollingly connected to the two rails 5 .

[0037] The motor 15 is inverted on the equipment platform frame 12 through the motor fixing seat 16. The driving gear 14 and the large sprocket 18 are installed on the wheel set 13 at the rear. The driving gear 14 is meshed and connected with the rack 6 to simulate the driving method of a real rack train on a ramp.

[0038] The small sprocket 17 is connected to the shaft of the motor 15, and the power is transmitted to the large sprocket 18 through the chain 19. The large sprocket 18 and the driving gear 14 are connected by a coupling 22, and the driving gear 14 and the wheelset 13 are connected by bearings. In this embodiment, the driving motor 29 and the driving gear 14 on the wheelset 13 are driven by the chain 19, so that the equipment platform 10 can run on the track.

[0039] A first hydraulic cylinder 21 is provided above the equipment platform frame 12 and is connected to one end of the loading plate 20 . By adjusting the first hydraulic cylinder 21 , the angle of the loading plate 20 can be adjusted in real time to ensure that the loading plate 20 is level with the ground.

[0040] Adjustable down pressure device 11;

[0041] refer to Figure 6 The adjustable downforce device 11 can move longitudinally (in the direction of the track) together with the equipment platform 10, applying vertical downforce (perpendicular to the ground) to the equipment platform 10 to simulate the pressure of trains with different axle weights.

[0042] The adjustable down pressure device 11 includes a circular steel longitudinal beam 23 , a cross beam 24 , a loading block 25 , a second hydraulic cylinder 26 , a guide rail 27 , a guide wheel 28 and a driving motor 29 .

[0043] Specifically, four longitudinal beams 23 are fixed to the end wall of the ballast box 2 by bolts, two cross beams 24 are respectively installed between the two longitudinal beams 23, a guide rail 27 is installed between the two cross beams 24, a guide wheel 28 is embedded in the guide rail 27, and the guide wheel 28 is connected to the driving motor 29, so that the adjustable down pressure device 11 can move in the longitudinal direction;

[0044] The loading block 25 loads the force on the loading plate 20. The loading block 25 of the adjustable down pressure device 11 is connected to the hydraulic cylinder by a rotating mechanism 33. The rotating mechanism is composed of two steel plates welded on the hydraulic cylinder and T-shaped cylindrical section steel welded on the loading block 25. The steel plates and the T-shaped cylindrical section steel maintain rotational freedom, so that the lower surface of the loading block 25 is always horizontal, which is used to vertically load the force provided by the hydraulic cylinder onto the equipment platform 10.

[0045] The vertical force generated by the entire ballast in this embodiment mainly comes from the loading block 25 suspended parallel to the ground. The loading force can be adjusted by the hydraulic cylinder to generate a force perpendicular to the ground to simulate the impact of different axle load trains on the track when ballasted. The longitudinal force comes from the traction motor 15 installed on the equipment platform 10, which transmits power to the drive gear 14 through the chain 19. The drive gear 14 transmits the force to the rack 6 and then to the ballast. At the same time, the inclination angle of the ballast will also have a great impact on the longitudinal force inside the ballast. By adjusting the hydraulic cylinder pressure, the inclination angle of the ballast and the torque of the motor 15, the parameters such as the longitudinal force and displacement inside the ballast under different slopes, different axle loads, different traction forces, and different rack rail systems are tested.

[0046] When the test device of the present invention is used, it specifically comprises the following steps:

[0047] S1. The crushed stone ballast 3 in the ballast box 2 must be pre-processed (manually renovated) according to railway standards to achieve a standard ballast bed gradation range, ballast bed mechanical properties, etc.

[0048] S2. After the test equipment is installed, set the required roadbed slope, adjust the third hydraulic cylinder 30 between the bottom plate of the base 1 and the bottom plate of the ballast box 2 so that the ballast box 2 is at a certain angle to the horizontal plane. Adjust the first hydraulic cylinder 21 on the equipment platform 1010 to keep the loading plate 20 horizontal. Adjust the angle of the loading block 25 of the adjustable downforce device 11 so that its bottom surface is horizontal to the ground, lower the loading block 25, load the vertical downforce on the loading plate 20, and adjust the pressure of the second hydraulic cylinder 26 to simulate different axle weights of trains.

[0049] S3, setting the torque of the motor 15, starting the motor 15, and moving the equipment platform 10; synchronously starting the adjustable down pressure device 11 to drive the motor 29, so that it moves along the guide rail 27 and remains relatively still with the equipment platform 10.

[0050] S4. After the setting is completed, data collection can be started. After the test is completed, the motor 15 of the equipment platform 10 and the drive motor 29 on the adjustable down pressure device 11 are turned off, the down pressure is unloaded, and the ballast box 2 is lowered.

[0051] According to different slopes, motor 15 torque, and downward force, the influence and degree of the rack rail vehicle on the vertical longitudinal displacement of the sleeper 4, the vertical force of the rail 5 and the sleeper 4, and the ballast stress are analyzed.

[0052] Although the specific implementation of the invention is described in detail in conjunction with the drawings, it should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of this patent. Within the scope described in the claims, various modifications and variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative work still fall within the scope of protection of this patent.

Claims

1. A mechanical properties test device for a large-slope ballasted track bed in the form of a rack track, characterized in that: It comprises a ballast box placed on a base; eight sleepers with the same spacing are laid on the ballast bed in the ballast box, two parallel rails and a rack are vertically laid on the sleepers; an equipment platform simulating a bogie is arranged above the two rails; an adjustable down-pressure device is arranged on the end wall of the ballast box, the adjustable down-pressure device is located above the equipment platform, and provides vertical loading force for the equipment platform.

2. The mechanical properties testing device for a large-slope ballasted track bed in the rack track form according to claim 1 is characterized by: The ballast box is filled with a plurality of crushed stone ballasts, and the plurality of crushed stone ballasts constitute a ballast bed.

3. The mechanical properties testing device for a large-slope ballasted track bed in the rack track form according to claim 1 is characterized by: The equipment platform comprises an equipment platform frame; a loading plate is arranged above the equipment platform frame; two pairs of wheels and a motor are arranged below the equipment platform frame, and the wheels are rollingly connected to the two rails; A small sprocket is provided on the motor shaft of the motor; a driving gear and a large sprocket are installed on the rear wheel pair; the driving gear is meshed and connected with the rack; the large sprocket and the driving gear are connected by a coupling; the small sprocket and the large sprocket are connected by a chain.

4. The mechanical properties testing device for a large-slope ballasted track bed in the rack track form according to claim 3 is characterized by: The motor is buckled onto the lower surface plate of the equipment platform frame through a motor fixing seat.

5. The mechanical properties testing device for a large-slope ballasted track bed in the rack track form according to claim 3 is characterized by: A first hydraulic cylinder is provided above the equipment platform frame; the first hydraulic cylinder is connected to one end of the loading plate.

6. The mechanical properties testing device for a large-slope ballasted track bed in the rack track form according to claim 1 is characterized by: The adjustable down pressure device includes a gantry fixedly mounted on the end wall of the ballast box; a guide wheel is provided along the length direction of the gantry, a second hydraulic cylinder is provided on the guide wheel, and the second hydraulic cylinder is connected to the loading block through a rotating mechanism; the loading block loads force on the loading plate.

7. The mechanical properties testing device for a large-slope ballasted track bed in the rack track form according to claim 6 is characterized by: The gantry comprises four longitudinal beams and two transverse beams; the four longitudinal beams are fixed to the end wall of the ballast box by bolts; the two transverse beams are respectively installed between the two longitudinal beams, and a guide rail is installed between the two transverse beams; the guide wheel is embedded in the guide rail.

8. The mechanical properties testing device for a large-slope ballasted track bed in the rack track form according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It also includes a testing device; the testing device includes a displacement sensor for measuring the longitudinal vertical displacement of the sleeper and the longitudinal displacement of the rail, a pressure sensor for measuring the longitudinal force of the rail, and an acceleration sensor for measuring the acceleration and stress of the ballast.

9. The mechanical properties testing device for a large-slope ballasted track bed in the rack track form according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It also includes a slope adjustment device; the slope adjustment device includes two identical third hydraulic cylinders; the third hydraulic cylinder is installed at one end of the base, and a slider is provided at the end of the third hydraulic cylinder, and the slider is embedded in the base guide rail on the ballast box; the other end of the base is connected to the lower end of the ballast box by a hinge.

Images