Equipment and method for evaluating soil erosion

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil erosion, and particularly relates to equipment and method for evaluating soil erosion, and the equipment comprises a steel frame, supporting columns are fixed at four corners of the bottom of the steel frame, a plurality of uniformly distributed square pipes are arranged in an inner cavity of the steel frame, the bottoms of the square pipes are connected with a plurality of uniformly distributed nozzle assemblies, and a liquid pump is fixedly mounted on one side wall of the steel frame. One end of the liquid pump fixedly communicates with a water supply pipe, the other end of the liquid pump communicates with the multiple evenly-distributed square pipes through guide pipes, and two same bearing assemblies are arranged on the lower side of the steel frame. Water is sprayed through the spray head assembly, so that the rainy weather can be simulated, wind power can be simulated through air outlet of holes of a hollow rod, a test is carried out under the condition of simulating wind and rain by utilizing the bearing assembly to bear soil, the soil erosion degree can be rapidly evaluated, and the bearing box can be driven to incline through a first electric push rod; different gradients are simulated, so that the trueness of soil simulation is improved, and the evaluation accuracy is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil erosion, and in particular to a device and a method for evaluating soil erosion. Background Art

[0002] Soil erosion refers to the process in which soil and its parent material are destroyed, eroded, transported and deposited under the action of external forces such as water, wind, freeze-thaw or gravity. The amount of soil displaced under the action of external forces is called soil erosion, and the amount of erosion per unit area per unit time is called soil erosion velocity (or soil erosion rate). The amount of sediment transported out of a specific area in the soil erosion is called soil loss, and the total amount of sediment passing through a certain observation section at the outlet of a small watershed in a specific period of time is called the watershed sediment yield. The widely used term "soil and water loss" refers to the process in which the soil surface and its parent material are eroded, washed and transported under the action of water.

[0003] In the existing evaluation of soil erosion, it is often necessary to use corresponding evaluation equipment. Most of the equipment currently used is to install corresponding monitoring instruments outdoors, wait for rainy weather and then monitor various data to achieve evaluation, which greatly reduces the efficiency of soil erosion evaluation. In addition, the equipment is easily damaged when placed in the outside world, which leads to many unstable factors. Therefore, a new technical solution needs to be designed to solve the problem. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a device and method for evaluating soil erosion, which solves the problems raised in the background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a soil erosion assessment device, comprising a steel frame, pillars are fixed at the four corners of the bottom of the steel frame, a plurality of evenly distributed square tubes are arranged in the inner cavity of the steel frame, a plurality of evenly distributed nozzle assemblies are connected to the bottom of the square tubes, a liquid pump is fixedly installed on one side wall of the steel frame, one end of the liquid pump is fixedly connected to a water supply pipe, and the other end of the liquid pump is respectively connected to the plurality of evenly distributed square tubes through a conduit;

[0006] Two identical bearing components are arranged on the lower side of the steel frame, and the bearing components include a base, a movable plate is connected to the top of the base, a bearing box is arranged on the upper side of the movable plate, support plates are fixed on both sides of the top of the movable plate, and the two ends of the bearing box are rotatably connected to the inner walls of the two support plates respectively, and a third servo motor is fixed to the outer wall of one of the support plates, and the transmission shaft of the third servo motor movably passes through the support plate and is fixedly connected to the end of the bearing box.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the sampled soil is first filled in the carrying box, and then when evaluation is required, the liquid pump is started to pump water, and then the water is introduced into the square tube, and then the nozzle assembly is used for spraying, thereby simulating a rainy scene, and the soil on the carrying box is flushed with water sprayed by the nozzle assembly, and the soil loss is measured after flushing, thereby realizing the evaluation of soil erosion, thereby enabling a rapid evaluation of soil erosion.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first servo motor is fixed at the end of the square tube corresponding to one side wall of the steel frame, and a transmission shaft of the first servo motor movably passes through the steel frame and is fixedly connected to one end of the square tube.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the square tube can be driven to rotate by the first servo motor, so that the angle of the sprinkler assembly during the water spraying process can be adjusted, thereby improving the accuracy of simulated rainwater.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a support plate is fixed on one side of the top of the base, the top of the support plate and one side of the bottom of the movable plate are hinged, and a first electric push rod is hinged on the other side of the top of the base, and the outer end of the push rod of the first electric push rod is hinged to the bottom of the movable plate.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the first electric push rod can push the carrying box to tilt, so that the carrying box forms a certain tilt angle, thereby simulating the soil slope, thereby further improving the accuracy of the simulation and further improving the accuracy of the evaluation.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inner cavity of the carrying box is provided with a carrying plate, and second electric push rods are fixed on both sides of the bottom of the carrying box. The push rods of the second electric push rods move through the carrying box and are fixedly connected to the bottom of the carrying plate. Support blocks are fixed on both side walls of the inner cavity of the carrying box, and the carrying plate is located on the top of the support blocks.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the second electric push rod can drive the carrier plate to rise, so that when the carrying box rotates to one side, the carrier plate is pushed out, so that the soil in the carrying box can be quickly pushed out, thereby improving the convenience of loading and unloading.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, movable wheels are fixed at the four corners of the bottom of the base.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution and setting of the moving wheels, the bearing assembly can be easily moved, thereby facilitating its transfer to the simulation test area for loading and unloading soil.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, both sides of one end of the carrying box are detachably connected with conduits.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution and setting the conduit, it is possible to guide the lost soil and rainwater out when simulating rainwater flushing the soil.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, hollow rods are fixed above and below two adjacent pillars, the inner wall of the hollow rod is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed holes, and the outer wall of the hollow rod is fixedly connected to an air duct.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the air duct is provided to blow air into the hollow rod under the action of an external fan, so that the air can be discharged through the hole to simulate windy and rainy weather, thereby improving the realism of the simulated environment and further improving the accuracy of the evaluation.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a mounting plate is fixedly mounted on the rear end of the support, and mounting holes are provided at four corners of the surface of the mounting plate.

[0021] The present invention also relates to a method for assessing soil erosion, comprising the following method steps:

[0022] Step 1: First, fill the bearing box with soil, and then transfer the bearing assembly as a whole to the lower side of the steel frame;

[0023] Step 2: Start the first electric push rod to drive one end of the movable plate to lift, so that the carrying box can be tilted as a whole, and at the same time the third servo motor can drive the carrying box to rotate a certain angle, so as to simulate the soil inclination to a certain extent;

[0024] Step 3: Start the liquid pump to draw water into the square tube, and then use the nozzle assembly to spray, so as to simulate rainwater flushing the soil. At the same time, the square tube is driven to rotate by the first servo motor, so that the angle of the nozzle assembly can be preliminarily adjusted to spray water, and then the second servo motor is used to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, so as to drive the nozzle to adjust again in the vertical direction of the first adjustment direction, so as to achieve all-round adjustment of the nozzle direction, so as to simulate rainwater under different conditions;

[0025] Step 4: Provide air through the air duct to allow air to enter the hollow rod under the action of an external fan, so that it can be discharged through the hole to simulate windy and rainy weather;

[0026] Step 5: After simulating the impact of wind and rain on the soil, measure the soil to obtain the amount of soil loss, and then calculate the soil erosion degree.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] The present invention sprays water through the nozzle assembly to simulate rainy weather, and the holes in the hollow rod emit wind to simulate wind force, so that the bearing assembly is used to carry soil to perform tests under simulated wind and rain conditions, thereby enabling rapid assessment of soil erosion.

[0029] The square tube can be driven by the first servo motor to make a preliminary rotation, thereby realizing a preliminary adjustment of the direction of the sprinkler head, and then the second servo motor can drive the sprinkler head to adjust again in a direction perpendicular to the first adjustment direction, thereby realizing a full range of adjustment of the direction of the sprinkler head, so that rainwater in different situations can be simulated, the authenticity of the simulation is improved, and then the accuracy of the evaluation is improved;

[0030] The second servo motor can drive the carrying box to rotate, so as to adjust the direction of the soil. At the same time, the first electric push rod can drive the carrying box to tilt, so as to simulate different slopes, thereby improving the realism of soil simulation, which is conducive to improving the accuracy of evaluation.

[0031] The second servo motor drives the carrying box to rotate so that the direction is changed, which is also beneficial to the soil discharge. The second electric push rod drives the carrier plate to move, thereby assisting the discharge and improving the efficiency of the discharge. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a device for evaluating soil erosion according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a bearing assembly of a device for assessing soil erosion according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a nozzle assembly of a device for evaluating soil erosion according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a bearing box of a device for evaluating soil erosion.

[0037] In the figure:

[0038] 1. Steel frame; 11. Pillar; 12. Mounting plate; 13. Hollow rod; 14. Square tube; 15. Liquid pump; 16. First servo motor; 17. Hole; 18. Second servo motor; 19. Sprinkler;

[0039] 2. Carrying assembly; 21. Base; 22. Movable plate; 23. Support plate; 24. First electric push rod; 25. Carrying box; 26. Support plate; 27. Third servo motor; 28. Guide tube; 29. ​​Support block;

[0040] 3. Carrier plate; 31. Second electric push rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0042] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0043] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "set" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they can be fixedly connected or set, or detachably connected or set, or connected or set in one piece. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. The models of electrical appliances provided in the present invention are only for reference, and different models of electrical appliances with the same functions can be replaced according to actual usage.

[0044] See also Figure 1-4 The present invention provides a technical solution: a soil erosion assessment device, comprising a steel frame 1, pillars 11 are fixed at the four corners of the bottom of the steel frame 1, a plurality of evenly distributed square tubes 14 are arranged in the inner cavity of the steel frame 1, a plurality of evenly distributed sprinkler assemblies are connected to the bottom of the square tubes 14, a liquid pump 15 is fixedly installed on one side wall of the steel frame 1, one end of the liquid pump 15 is fixedly connected to a water supply pipe, and the other end of the liquid pump 15 is respectively connected to the plurality of evenly distributed square tubes 14 through a conduit;

[0045] Two identical bearing components 2 are arranged on the lower side of the steel frame 1. The bearing components 2 include a base 21. A movable plate 22 is connected to the top of the base 21. A bearing box 25 is arranged on the upper side of the movable plate 22. Support plates 26 are fixed to both sides of the top of the movable plate 22. The two ends of the bearing box 25 are rotatably connected to the inner side walls of the two support plates 26 respectively. A third servo motor 27 is fixed to the outer wall of one of the support plates 26. The transmission shaft of the third servo motor 27 movably penetrates the support plate 26 and is fixedly connected to the end of the bearing box 25.

[0046] In actual use, the sampled soil is first filled into the carrying box 25, and then when evaluation is required, the liquid pump 15 is started to pump water, which is then introduced into the square tube 14, and then sprayed using the nozzle assembly to simulate a rainy scene. The soil on the carrying box 25 is flushed with water sprayed by the nozzle assembly, and the soil loss is measured after flushing, thereby realizing the evaluation of soil erosion, thereby enabling a rapid evaluation of soil erosion.

[0047] Furthermore, a mounting plate 12 is fixedly mounted on the rear end of the support 11, and mounting holes are provided at the four corners of the surface of the mounting plate 12. The arrangement of the mounting plate 12 facilitates the installation and fixation of the entire device.

[0048] Furthermore, hollow rods 13 are fixed above and below two adjacent pillars 11, and the inner wall of the hollow rod 13 is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed holes. The outer wall of the hollow rod 13 is fixedly connected with an air duct, which provides air to be blown into the hollow rod 13 under the action of an external fan, and then discharged along the holes, thereby simulating windy and rainy weather, thereby improving the realism of the simulated environment and further improving the accuracy of the evaluation.

[0049] It is worth mentioning that a first servo motor 16 is fixed at the end of the square tube 14 corresponding to one side wall of the steel frame 1. The transmission shaft of the first servo motor 16 movably penetrates the steel frame 1 and is fixedly connected to one end of the square tube 14. The square tube 14 can be driven to rotate by the first servo motor 16, so as to adjust the angle of the sprinkler assembly during the spraying process, thereby improving the accuracy of simulated rainwater.

[0050] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown; a support plate 23 is fixed to one side of the top of the base 21, the top of the support plate 23 is hinged to one side of the bottom of the movable plate 22, and a first electric push rod 24 is hinged to the other side of the top of the base 21, and the outer end of the push rod of the first electric push rod 24 is hinged to the bottom of the movable plate 22;

[0051] In actual use, the first electric push rod 24 can push the carrying box 25 to tilt, so that the carrying box 25 forms a certain tilt angle, thereby simulating the soil slope, thereby further improving the accuracy of the simulation and further improving the accuracy of the evaluation.

[0052] Furthermore, both sides of one end of the carrying box 25 are detachably connected with a conduit 28, and the arrangement of the conduit 28 enables the lost soil and rainwater to be discharged when simulating rainwater flushing the soil.

[0053] Furthermore, movable wheels are fixed at the four corners of the bottom of the base 21. The arrangement of the movable wheels makes it easy to move the bearing assembly 2, thereby facilitating its transfer to the simulated test area for loading and unloading soil.

[0054] like Figure 1 and 3 As shown; a plurality of evenly distributed frames 17 are fixed at the bottom of the square tube 14, a rotating shaft is rotatably installed in the inner cavity of the frame 17, a nozzle 19 is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the rotating shaft, the nozzle 19 is connected to the square tube 14, a second servo motor 18 is fixed to one side wall of the frame 17, and a transmission shaft of the second servo motor 18 movably penetrates the frame 17 and is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft;

[0055] The second servo motor 18 can drive the rotating shaft to rotate, thereby driving the nozzle 19 to rotate, so as to cooperate with the first servo motor 16 to drive the square tube 14 to rotate and adjust the angle. At the same time, the second servo motor 18 drives the nozzle 19 to rotate, so that the angle of the nozzle 19 can be adjusted in all directions, thereby improving the accuracy of simulating rainy weather, which is beneficial to improving the accuracy of the evaluation.

[0056] like Figure 1 and 2 , 4; the inner cavity of the carrying box 25 is provided with a carrying plate 3, and the bottom sides of the carrying box 25 are fixed with second electric push rods 31, the push rods of the second electric push rods 31 are movable through the carrying box 25 and are fixedly connected to the bottom of the carrying plate 3, and the inner cavity walls of the carrying box 25 are fixed with support blocks 29, and the carrying plate 3 is at the top of the support blocks 29;

[0057] The second electric push rod 31 can drive the carrier plate 3 to be lifted, so that when the carrying box 25 rotates to one side, the carrier plate 3 is pushed out, so that the soil in the carrying box 25 can be quickly pushed out, thereby improving the convenience of loading and unloading.

[0058] A method for assessing soil erosion, specifically operating as follows:

[0059] Step 1: First, fill the bearing box 25 with soil, and then transfer the bearing assembly 2 as a whole to the lower side of the steel frame 1;

[0060] Step 2: Start the first electric push rod 24 to drive the movable plate 22 to lift one end, so that the carrying box 25 can be tilted as a whole, and the third servo motor 27 can drive the carrying box 25 to rotate a certain angle, so as to simulate the soil inclination to a certain extent;

[0061] Step 3: Start the liquid pump 15 to draw water into the square tube 14, and then use the nozzle assembly to spray, so as to simulate rainwater flushing the soil. At the same time, the square tube 14 is driven to rotate by the first servo motor 16, so that the angle of the nozzle assembly can be preliminarily adjusted to spray water, and then the second servo motor 18 is used to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, so as to drive the nozzle 19 to be adjusted again in the vertical direction of the first adjustment direction, so as to achieve omnidirectional adjustment of the direction of the nozzle 19, so as to simulate rainwater under different conditions;

[0062] Step 4: Provide air through the air duct to allow air to enter the hollow rod 13 under the action of an external fan, so that air can be guided out through the hole, thereby simulating windy and rainy weather;

[0063] Step 5: After simulating the impact of wind and rain on the soil, measure the soil to obtain the amount of soil loss, and then calculate the soil erosion degree.

[0064] In addition, the components included in the equipment and method for evaluating soil erosion of the present invention are all universal standard parts or components known to those skilled in the art, and their structures and principles can be known to those skilled in the art through technical manuals or conventional experimental methods. In the idle part of the device, all the above-mentioned electrical components, which refer to power elements, electrical components, and adapted monitoring computers and power supplies, are connected through wires. The specific connection means should refer to the following working principle, and the electrical connection is completed in the working order of each electrical component. The detailed connection means are well-known technologies in the art. The following mainly introduces the working principle and process, and no longer explains the electrical control.

[0065] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention. Any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0066] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A device for assessing soil erosion, comprising a steel frame (1), characterized in that: Support pillars (11) are fixed at the four corners of the bottom of the steel frame (1), a plurality of evenly distributed square tubes (14) are arranged in the inner cavity of the steel frame (1), a plurality of evenly distributed spray head assemblies are connected to the bottom of the square tubes (14), a liquid pump (15) is fixedly installed on one side wall of the steel frame (1), one end of the liquid pump (15) is fixedly connected to a water supply pipe, and the other end of the liquid pump (15) is respectively connected to the plurality of evenly distributed square tubes (14) through a conduit; Two identical bearing assemblies (2) are arranged on the lower side of the steel frame (1), and the bearing assemblies (2) include a base (21), the top of the base (21) is connected to a movable plate (22), a bearing box (25) is arranged on the upper side of the movable plate (22), support plates (26) are fixed on both sides of the top of the movable plate (22), and the two ends of the bearing box (25) are rotatably connected to the inner walls of the two support plates (26), and a third servo motor (27) is fixed to the outer wall of one of the support plates (26), and the transmission shaft of the third servo motor (27) movably passes through the support plate (26) and is fixedly connected to the end of the bearing box (25).

2. A soil erosion assessment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first servo motor (16) is fixed at the end of the square tube (14) corresponding to one side wall of the steel frame (1); a transmission shaft of the first servo motor (16) movably passes through the steel frame (1) and is fixedly connected to one end of the square tube (14).

3. A soil erosion assessment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A support plate (23) is fixed to one side of the top of the base (21), the top of the support plate (23) is hinged to one side of the bottom of the movable plate (22), and a first electric push rod (24) is hinged to the other side of the top of the base (21), the outer end of the push rod of the first electric push rod (24) is hinged to the bottom of the movable plate (22).

4. A soil erosion assessment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of evenly distributed frames (17) are fixed at the bottom of the square tube (14); a rotating shaft is rotatably mounted in the inner cavity of the frame (17); a nozzle (19) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the rotating shaft; the nozzle (19) is connected to the square tube (14); a second servo motor (18) is fixed to one side wall of the frame (17); a transmission shaft of the second servo motor (18) movably passes through the frame (17) and is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft.

5. The device for assessing soil erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the carrying box (25) is provided with a carrying plate (3), and second electric push rods (31) are fixed on both sides of the bottom of the carrying box (25). The push rods of the second electric push rods (31) movably penetrate the carrying box (25) and are fixedly connected to the bottom of the carrying plate (3). Support blocks (29) are fixed on both side walls of the inner cavity of the carrying box (25), and the carrying plate (3) is at the top of the support blocks (29).

6. A soil erosion assessment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Moving wheels are fixed at the four corners of the bottom of the base (21).

7. A soil erosion assessment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the carrying box (25) is detachably connected to a conduit (28) on both sides.

8. The device for assessing soil erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hollow rod (13) is fixed above and below two adjacent pillars (11), the inner wall of the hollow rod (13) is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed holes, and the outer wall of the hollow rod (13) is fixedly connected to a wind duct.

9. The device for assessing soil erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: A mounting plate (12) is fixedly mounted on the rear end of the support (11), and mounting holes are provided at the four corners of the surface of the mounting plate (12).

10. A method for assessing soil erosion, applicable to the device for assessing soil erosion according to claims 1-9, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: first fill the bearing box (25) with soil, and then transfer the bearing assembly (2) as a whole to the lower side of the steel frame (1); Step 2: Start the first electric push rod (24) to drive the movable plate (22) to lift one end, so that the carrying box (25) can be tilted as a whole, and at the same time the third servo motor (27) can drive the carrying box (25) to rotate a certain angle, so as to simulate the soil inclination to a certain extent; Step 3: Start the liquid pump (15) to draw water into the square tube (14), and then use the nozzle assembly to spray, thereby simulating rainwater to flush the soil. At the same time, the square tube (14) is driven to rotate by the first servo motor (16), so that the angle of the nozzle assembly can be preliminarily adjusted to spray water, and then the second servo motor (18) drives the rotating shaft to rotate, so as to drive the nozzle (19) to adjust again in the vertical direction of the first adjustment direction, so as to achieve omnidirectional adjustment of the direction of the nozzle (19), so as to simulate rainwater under different conditions; Step 4: Provide air through the air duct to allow air to enter the hollow rod (13) under the action of an external fan, so that air can be discharged through the hole, thereby simulating windy and rainy weather; Step 5: After simulating the impact of wind and rain on the soil, measure the soil to obtain the amount of soil loss, and then calculate the soil erosion degree.

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