Optical computing device, optical computing method, processor chip and computing equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses an optical computing device, an optical computing method, a processor chip and computing equipment. The optical computing device comprises an input module, an optical feed-forward module, an optical feedback module and an output module. The input module is used for performing beam splitting operation, first linear modulation operation and first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on an input signal to obtain a first group of optical signals, and inputting the first group of optical signals into the optical feed-forward module; the optical feed-forward module is used for performing optical aliasing on the first group of optical signals and the first group of feedback optical signals to obtain a second group of optical signals; the optical feedback module is used for executing a second all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the second group of optical signals to obtain a first group of feedback optical signals and inputting the first group of feedback optical signals into the optical feedforward module; and the output module is used for executing a second linear modulation operation and a beam combination operation on the second group of optical signals to obtain an output signal. According to the scheme, the calculation rate of the optical reservoir network can be improved, and the hardware implementation cost can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of artificial intelligence technology, and in particular to an optical computing device, an optical computing method, a processor chip, and a computing device. Background Art

[0002] The structure of artificial neural networks can usually be divided into feedforward neural networks and recurrent neural networks (RNN). The characteristic of feedforward neural networks is that the data flow is transmitted unidirectionally in the network, so that the input data at different times can be processed independently. Therefore, it is mainly used for the calculation and processing of static (non-time series) data. Compared with feedforward neural networks, the RNN network adds a feedback loop, which makes the RNN network have a certain memory effect, so that it can calculate and process time-dependent data (such as dynamic time series data).

[0003] The reservoir compute (RC) network is an artificial neural network computing architecture derived from the traditional RNN network, including an input layer, a reservoir layer, and an output layer. The reservoir layer includes a feedforward part and a feedback loop. The RC network is characterized by fixed weights in the input layer and the reservoir layer, and only the weights of the output layer need to be trained and adjusted. Therefore, it has the characteristics of low training cost and easy hardware implementation. Due to the existence of the feedback part, the RC network has a certain short-term memory capacity, which makes it suitable for scenarios such as classification and prediction of time series data.

[0004] An existing optoelectronic hybrid RC computing device uses "spatial optical path + scattering crystal" to construct the feedforward part in the RC network (the optical signal is transmitted forward in the feedforward part), and uses a digital electrical signal link of "acquisition camera + processing computer + spatial light modulator" to construct the feedback loop in the RC network. Since the above feedback loop is a digital electrical signal link, the optical signal output by the feedforward part needs to be converted between analog optical signals and digital electrical signals when entering and exiting the feedback loop, and thus requires analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog converters (DACs) equal to the number of output nodes of the feedforward part. On the one hand, this leads to high power consumption and cost of the computing device, and on the other hand, the computing rate of the computing device is limited by the data throughput rate of some electrical devices in the digital electrical signal link (such as the limited conversion rate of ADCs and DACs), which can only achieve a rate of KHz at most, and cannot reach a rate of GHz or higher. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides an optical computing device, an optical computing method, a processor chip and a computing equipment, which can improve the computing rate of an optical RC network and reduce the hardware implementation cost.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides an optical computing device, comprising an input module, an optical feedforward module, an optical feedback module, and an output module. The input module is used to perform a beam splitting operation, a first linear modulation operation, and a first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on an input signal to obtain a first group of optical signals, and is also used to input the first group of optical signals into the optical feedforward module, wherein the input signal is used to carry data to be calculated. The optical feedforward module is used to perform optical aliasing on the first group of optical signals and the first group of feedback optical signals to obtain a second group of optical signals. The optical feedback module is used to perform a second all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the second group of optical signals to obtain a first group of feedback optical signals, and is also used to input the first group of feedback optical signals into the optical feedforward module, wherein the first group of feedback optical signals at the tkth moment and the first group of optical signals at the tth moment are simultaneously input into the optical feedforward module, t and k are both positive integers, and t is greater than k. The output module is used to perform a second linear modulation operation and a beam combining operation on the second group of optical signals to obtain an output signal, wherein the output signal is used to represent the calculation result of the data to be calculated.

[0007] It is understandable that when the feedback loop of the RC network is implemented using a digital electrical signal link, more active devices (such as photoelectric converters and electro-optical converters) will be required, resulting in higher overall power consumption and hardware implementation costs of the RC network. In addition, the data throughput rate of the digital electrical signal link is low (because the conversion rate of electrical devices such as ADC and DAC is limited), which makes it impossible for the RC network based on the digital electrical signal link to achieve a high calculation rate. When the feedback loop of the RC network is implemented using an analog electrical signal link, the parallel transmission of multiple analog signals in the feedback loop may cause greater crosstalk, thereby affecting the accuracy of the feedback signal output by the feedback loop, causing the calculation accuracy of the RC network to decrease.

[0008] The optical computing device provided in the present application is used to implement an RC network, and the optical feedback module in the optical computing device is used to implement the feedback part in the RC network. Since the optical feedback module performs optical signal processing internally and does not rely on electrical devices for implementation, the demand for active devices can be reduced, and the advantages of photons in the computing field, such as large bandwidth, low energy consumption, and parallelism, can be fully utilized. Compared with the above-mentioned implementation scheme using a digital electrical signal link or an analog electrical signal link, the optical computing device of the present application can provide a higher computing rate and computing accuracy, and can also reduce power consumption and hardware implementation costs.

[0009] Based on the first aspect, in a possible implementation, the input module includes a first signal separator, a plurality of first modulators and a plurality of first optical nonlinear devices, and the input signal of the input module can be an optical signal. The first signal separator is used to perform a beam splitting operation on the input signal (to achieve dimensionality-upgrading processing of the input signal), thereby obtaining a plurality of first beam splitting optical signals. The plurality of first modulators and the plurality of first optical nonlinear devices are used to perform a first linear modulation operation and a first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the plurality of first beam splitting optical signals, thereby obtaining a first group of optical signals.

[0010] This solution does not specifically limit the execution order of the above-mentioned first linear modulation operation and the first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation. The first linear modulation operation can be performed by the above-mentioned multiple first modulators first, and then the first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation can be performed by the above-mentioned multiple first optical nonlinear devices. Alternatively, the first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation can be performed by the above-mentioned multiple first optical nonlinear devices first, and then the first linear modulation operation can be performed by the above-mentioned multiple first modulators.

[0011] Based on the first aspect, in a possible implementation, the input signal includes a plurality of optical signals of different wavelengths.

[0012] In other words, the input module supports the input of multiple optical signals of different wavelengths, thereby utilizing the parallelism of optical information processing to achieve parallel computing of multiple wavelength signals in the optical computing device, thereby improving the performance of the optical computing device.

[0013] Based on the first aspect, in a possible implementation scheme, the input module includes an electro-optical converter, a first signal separator, a plurality of first modulators and a plurality of first optical nonlinear devices, and the input signal of the input module can be an electrical signal. The electro-optical converter is used to perform electro-optical conversion on the input signal to obtain a first optical signal. The first signal separator is used to perform a beam splitting operation on the first optical signal to obtain a plurality of first beam splitting optical signals. The plurality of first modulators and the plurality of first optical nonlinear devices are used to perform a first linear modulation operation and a first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the plurality of first beam splitting optical signals, thereby obtaining a first group of optical signals.

[0014] Based on the first aspect, in a possible implementation scheme, the optical feedforward module includes K input ports and P output ports, the first group of optical signals and the first group of feedback optical signals include K optical signals, and the second group of optical signals includes P optical signals. Wherein, K and P are both positive integers greater than 1. The above-mentioned K optical signals correspond one-to-one to the above-mentioned K input ports, and the above-mentioned K optical signals are respectively input into the optical feedforward module through the corresponding input ports. The above-mentioned P optical signals correspond one-to-one to the above-mentioned P output ports, and the above-mentioned P optical signals are respectively output from the optical feedforward module through the corresponding output ports.

[0015] That is to say, K optical signals can enter the optical feedforward module through K input ports, and then complete the second operation inside the optical feedforward, thereby realizing the spatial dimension upgrading and matrix multiplication and addition processing of the signal, and then output P optical signals from P output ports.

[0016] Based on the first aspect, in a possible implementation scheme, the optical feedback module includes a plurality of second optical nonlinear devices, and the plurality of second optical nonlinear devices are used to perform a second all-optical nonlinear modulation operation.

[0017] That is to say, the optical feedback module realizes the first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation with nearly zero power consumption in the optical feedback module by utilizing the nonlinear coefficient of the optical nonlinear device, thereby providing the required nonlinear response for the optical computing device and improving the computing performance of the optical computing device. Compared with other optical computing devices that use electrical signal links to build feedback loops, this solution can not only improve the computing speed of the RC network, but also reduce its power consumption and hardware implementation cost.

[0018] Based on the first aspect, in a possible implementation scheme, the optical feedback module also includes multiple delay adjusters, which are used to control the time when the first group of feedback light signals at time tk are input into the optical feedforward module, so that the first group of feedback light signals at time tk and the first group of light signals at time t are input into the optical feedforward module at the same time.

[0019] For example, the above-mentioned multiple delay adjusters can be optical devices such as optical fiber arrays, on-chip delay line arrays, or multiple optical waveguides that can adjust the transmission delay of optical signals, and this application does not make specific limitations. If multiple optical waveguides are used, the transmission lengths of the above-mentioned multiple optical waveguides need to ensure that the first group of feedback optical signals at time tk can be input into the optical feedforward module at the same time as the first group of optical signals at time t.

[0020] Based on the first aspect, in a possible implementation, the output module includes a plurality of photodetectors and an electrical multiplier. The plurality of photodetectors are used to perform photoelectric conversion on the second group of optical signals to obtain a plurality of first electrical signals, and then the electrical multiplier is used to perform a second linear modulation operation and a beam combining operation (electrical domain beam combining) on ​​the plurality of first electrical signals, thereby obtaining an output signal in the electrical domain.

[0021] Based on the first aspect, in a possible implementation scheme, the output module includes a plurality of second modulators, a plurality of photodetectors, and an electrical adder. The plurality of second modulators are used to perform a second linear modulation operation on the second group of optical signals to achieve the assignment of output weights, thereby obtaining a plurality of modulated optical signals. Then, the plurality of photodetectors are used to perform photoelectric conversion on the plurality of modulated optical signals to obtain a plurality of second electrical signals, wherein the plurality of modulated optical signals correspond one to one to the plurality of second electrical signals. The electrical adder is used to perform a beam combining operation (electrical domain beam combining) on ​​the plurality of second electrical signals, thereby obtaining an output signal in the electrical domain.

[0022] Based on the first aspect, in a possible implementation, the output module includes a plurality of third modulators and an optical combiner. The plurality of third modulators are used to perform a second linear modulation operation on the second group of optical signals to achieve the assignment of output weights, thereby obtaining a plurality of modulated optical signals. The optical combiner is used to perform a beam combining operation (optical domain beam combining) on ​​the plurality of modulated optical signals, thereby obtaining an output signal in the optical domain.

[0023] Based on the first aspect, in a possible implementation scheme, the output module further includes a photodetector, which is used to perform photoelectric conversion on the output signal (which is an optical signal) to obtain a second output signal in the form of an analog electrical signal.

[0024] Based on the first aspect, in a possible implementation scheme, the output module further includes an analog-to-digital converter, and the analog-to-digital converter is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the second output signal to obtain a third output signal in the form of a digital electrical signal.

[0025] In a second aspect, the present application also provides an optical computing method for an optical computing device, wherein the optical computing device includes an input module, an optical feedforward module, an optical feedback module, and an output module. The input module performs a beam splitting operation, a first linear modulation operation, and a first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the input signal to obtain a first group of optical signals, and inputs the first group of optical signals into the optical feedforward module, wherein the input signal is used to carry the data to be calculated. The optical feedforward module in the optical computing device performs optical aliasing on the first group of optical signals and the first group of feedback optical signals to obtain a second group of optical signals. The optical feedback module in the optical computing device performs a second all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the second group of optical signals to obtain a first group of feedback optical signals, and inputs the first group of feedback optical signals into the optical feedforward module, wherein the first group of feedback optical signals at the tkth moment and the first group of optical signals at the tth moment are simultaneously input into the optical feedforward module, t and k are both positive integers, and t is greater than k. The output module in the optical computing device performs a second linear modulation operation and a beam combining operation on the second group of optical signals to obtain an output signal, wherein the output signal is used to represent the calculation result of the data to be calculated.

[0026] For other contents of the optical computing method, please refer to any implementation scheme in the first aspect and will not be elaborated here.

[0027] In a third aspect, the present application further provides a processor chip, including a driving circuit and an optical computing device in any one of the embodiments of the first aspect. The processor chip herein may also be referred to as an optical computing engine, a chip system, etc., which is not specifically limited in the present application. The driving circuit is used to drive the optical computing device. For example, the driving circuit can provide the required driving signal for the active devices (such as photodetectors, electro-optical converters, etc.) in the optical computing device, so that the active devices can work normally in the optical computing device.

[0028] In a fourth aspect, the present application further provides a computing device, comprising the processor chip and a memory in the third aspect. The memory can be used to store the data to be calculated and / or the calculation results of the data to be calculated of the optical computing device in the processor chip. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for describing the embodiments are briefly introduced below.

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical computing device 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 2 is a structural diagram of an input module 120 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 3 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical feedforward module 140 and an optical feedback module 160 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of an output module 180 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another output module 180 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another output module 180 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 7 is a specific implementation structure diagram of an optical computing device 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 8 It is a data flow diagram provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Fig. 9 is a flowchart of an optical computing method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a processor chip 300 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Fig.11 It is a structural diagram of a computing device 1100 provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, some terms and concepts involved in the embodiments of the present application are briefly introduced below.

[0042] 1. Optical computing:

[0043] Optical computing, also known as optical computing, uses the optical properties of optical devices to perform signal processing in the optical domain, thereby realizing the corresponding mathematical calculation process.

[0044] 2. All-optical Nonlinearity:

[0045] The process in which the output signal light is not a linear function of the amplitude of the input signal light under the action of pump light with the help of the nonlinear coefficient of the optical device is called the all-optical nonlinear process. Among them, the pump light is the pump source in the laser, which can be used to provide energy to excite particles at lower energy levels to higher energy levels. In the above process, both the pump light and the input signal light are optical signals, so it is called the "all-optical effect". The process may include the amplitude / light intensity of the output signal light showing a nonlinear response compared to the amplitude / light intensity of the input signal light, and may also include the phenomenon that the frequency, phase, etc. of the output signal light changes compared to the input signal light. The pump light and the input signal light in this process can be the same beam of light or two different optical signals.

[0046] 3. Reservoir compute (RC):

[0047] Reservoir computing, also known as reservoir computing or reserve pool computing, is a simplified RNN network computing architecture. The RC network includes an input layer, a reservoir layer, and an output layer. The reservoir layer includes a feedforward part and a feedback loop. On the one hand, the RC network does not need to train the input layer and the reservoir layer during the training process, making it feasible for hardware implementation. On the other hand, the existence of the feedback part gives the RC network a certain short-term memory capacity, making it suitable for scenarios such as classification and prediction of time series data.

[0048] The optical computing device 100 involved in an embodiment of the present application is introduced below.

[0049] See also Figure 1 , Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical computing device 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The optical computing device 100 is used to implement an RC network, including an input module 120, an optical feedforward module 140, an optical feedback module 160 and an output module 180, which are described in detail below.

[0050] 1. Input module 120

[0051] The input module 120 is used to implement the input layer of the RC network, and has N input ports (or output nodes) and M output ports (or output nodes). M and N are both positive integers, and are not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application. Specifically, the input module 120 is used to perform a first operation on the input signal to obtain a first group of optical signals, which are the output signals of the input module 120. The input module 120 is also used to input the above-mentioned first group of optical signals into the optical feedforward module 140.

[0052] The above-mentioned first operation includes a beam splitting operation, a first linear modulation operation and a first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation. Specifically, the input module 120 performs a beam splitting operation on the input signal, thereby realizing spatial dimension upgrading of the input signal, and then performs a first linear operation and a first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the input signal after dimension upgrading, thereby giving a weight to the input layer of the RC network and introducing a nonlinear response (providing a nonlinear response for the RC network). Among them, the first linear modulation operation refers to linear modulation of the amplitude of the optical signal. For example, assuming that the first optical signal obtains the second optical signal after the first linear modulation operation, the amplitude of the second optical signal presents a linear response (linear relationship) compared with the amplitude of the first optical signal. The first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation refers to nonlinear modulation of the amplitude of the optical signal based on an optical device. For example, assuming that the third optical signal obtains the fourth optical signal after the first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation, the amplitude of the fourth optical signal presents a nonlinear response (nonlinear relationship) compared with the amplitude of the first optical signal.

[0053] The above input signal is used to carry the data to be calculated. The input signal of the input module 120 can be an optical signal or an electrical signal, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.

[0054] For example, suppose that the input signal at a certain moment is called the first signal, and the first signal is used to carry the first data (i.e., a certain data to be calculated). The first data can be an N-dimensional time series data. At this time, the first signal carrying the first data includes N optical signals, and the N optical signals correspond to data of different dimensions in the first data. The above-mentioned N optical signals correspond one-to-one to the N input ports of the input module 120, and each optical signal is input into the input module 120 through the corresponding input port. After the input module 120 processes the first signal, a first group of optical signals including M optical signals is obtained, and the M optical signals correspond one-to-one to the M output ports of the input module 120, and each optical signal is output from the corresponding output port in the input module 120.

[0055] Optionally, the optical computing device 100 may first obtain the first data, then generate the first signal according to the first data, and then input the first signal into the input module 120, so as to complete the RC calculation process of the first data through the optical computing device 100. For example, the optical computing device 100 may include a light source device (such as a laser, a light source array, etc.), which may receive the first data, and then (amplitude) modulate the optical signal generated by the light source device based on the first data, so as to load the first data onto the optical signal to obtain the first signal, and then input the first signal into the input module 120. Alternatively, the optical computing device 100 may directly obtain the first signal from other computing devices / computing equipment / processor chips, and then use the first signal to implement the RC calculation process of the first data in the optical computing device 100.

[0056] Optionally, the optical computing device 100 supports processing optical signals of multiple wavelengths. Assuming that the input signal includes multiple optical signals of different wavelengths, when the input signal is input into the input module 120, the optical computing device 100 can utilize the parallelism of optical information processing to realize parallel computing of multi-wavelength signals, thereby expanding the computing power and value of the optical computing device 100.

[0057] In a possible embodiment, the input module 120 includes a first signal separator, M first modulators, and M first optical nonlinear devices.

[0058] The first signal separator is used to perform a beam splitting operation on the input signal of the input module 120, thereby obtaining M first split light signals. Optionally, the first signal separator can be a beam splitting device of the type of a power divider, a beam splitter or a coupler, and the first signal separator can divide the input signal equally or unequally, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.

[0059] For example, the first signal separator may include beam splitting devices such as a Y-branch beam splitter, a directional coupler and / or a multi-mode interferometer (MMI). By arranging the above-mentioned beam splitting devices based on a tree-like structure, the optical signal input into the first signal separator can be beam splitted, thereby realizing the first dimensionality increase operation.

[0060] The above-mentioned M first modulators and M first optical nonlinear devices are used to perform the first linear modulation operation and the first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the above-mentioned M first split light signals, and then output the first group of optical signals. Regarding the execution order of the above-mentioned first linear modulation operation and the first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation, this scheme does not make any specific limitation. The first linear modulation operation can be performed by the above-mentioned M first modulators first, and then the first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation can be performed by the above-mentioned M first optical nonlinear devices. Alternatively, the first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation can be performed by the above-mentioned M first optical nonlinear devices first, and then the first linear modulation operation can be performed by the above-mentioned M first modulators.

[0061] The embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the type and specific structure of the first modulator. For example, the first modulator can be a silicon-based modulator based on free carrier dispersion effect, a silicon-based modulator based on thermo-optic effect, a lithium niobate modulator based on thermo-optic effect, a lithium niobate modulator based on linear electro-optic effect, a III-V semiconductor modulator based on electroabsorption effect, a modulator based on non-volatile phase change material, and other types of optical devices. The specific structure of the first modulator can be a straight waveguide type, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration, a micro-ring configuration, a photonic crystal configuration, or a Bragg grating configuration. Optionally, the above-mentioned M first modulators can use the same type of optical devices, or different types of optical devices.

[0062] The first optical nonlinear device is an optical device with an optical nonlinear response, which can be used to perform a first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation. The embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the type of the first optical nonlinear device. For example, the first optical nonlinear device can be a directional coupler based on the absorption effect of germanium material or two-dimensional semiconductor material, a periodically polarized lithium niobate waveguide device based on the up-down cascade conversion of the second-order nonlinear wavelength of lithium niobate film, a waveguide attenuator based on the third-order saturated absorption response of graphene, or a semiconductor optical amplifier constructed of III-V materials with a gain saturation effect, etc.

[0063] For example, the M first modulators perform a first linear modulation operation on the M first split optical signals, thereby obtaining M first modulated optical signals. The M first modulators correspond one-to-one to the M first split optical signals, and the M first modulated optical signals correspond one-to-one to the M first split optical signals. Each first modulator is used to modulate the corresponding first split optical signal, thereby obtaining a corresponding first modulated optical signal. Then, the M first optical nonlinear devices perform a first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the M first modulated optical signals, thereby obtaining a first group of optical signals (including M optical signals). The M first optical nonlinear devices correspond one-to-one to the M first modulated optical signals, and the M first modulated optical signals correspond one-to-one to the M optical signals. Each first optical nonlinear device is used to process a corresponding first modulated optical signal, thereby obtaining a corresponding optical signal.

[0064] For example, Figure 2 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an input module 120 provided in an embodiment of the present application, including a first signal separator, M first modulators and M first optical nonlinear devices (assuming N=1, M=4 in the figure). The first signal separator has N input ports and M output ports, the M output ports are respectively connected to a first modulator, and each first modulator is connected to a first optical nonlinear device. Wherein, N and M are both positive integers, and M is greater than N.

[0065] like Figure 2 As shown, the input signal in the form of an optical signal can enter the input module 120 through one input port of the signal separator, and after the beam splitting operation of the first signal separator, four first beam split optical signals can be obtained, and then each first beam split optical signal can be sent to the corresponding first modulator from an output port of the first signal separator. The four first modulators (including M1, M2, M3 and M4) respectively perform a first linear modulation operation on the first beam split optical signal input to themselves, and each first modulator can process to obtain a first modulated optical signal, and then send the obtained first modulated optical signal to the connected first optical nonlinear device. The four first optical nonlinear devices (including F1, F2, F3 and F4) respectively perform a first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the first modulated optical signal input to themselves, and each first optical nonlinear device can process to obtain one optical signal, and then output from the input module 120 through the corresponding output port, and the four output ports output a total of four optical signals. It should be understood that the above-mentioned four optical signals are the first group of optical signals obtained after the input signal passes through the input module 120.

[0066] In a possible embodiment, the input module 120 also includes an electro-optical converter. Assuming that the input signal of the input module 120 is an electrical signal, the electro-optical converter can perform electro-optical conversion on the input signal to obtain a first optical signal, and then the first optical signal is input into other optical devices (including a first signal separator, M first modulators, and M first optical nonlinear devices) in the input module 120 for processing. The processing process can be referred to the above description and will not be repeated here. It should be understood that since the input module 120 includes an electro-optical converter, the input signal of the optical computing device 100 is not limited to an optical signal, but can also be an electrical signal. After the electrical signal is processed by the electro-optical converter to obtain a corresponding optical signal, a water reservoir calculation in the optical domain can be performed in the optical computing device 100.

[0067] 2. Optical feedforward module 140 and optical feedback module 160

[0068] See also Figure 3 , Figure 3 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical feedforward module 140 and an optical feedback module 160 provided in an embodiment of the present application, which are used together to construct a reservoir layer in an RC network. The optical feedforward module 140 is used to construct the feedforward part in the reservoir layer and to construct the feedback loop in the reservoir layer.

[0069] Specifically, the optical feedforward module 140 is used to perform optical aliasing on the first group of optical signals and the first group of feedback optical signals to obtain the second group of optical signals, and the optical feedback module 160 is used to perform a second all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the second group of optical signals to obtain the first group of feedback optical signals. The first group of optical signals is the output signal of the input module 120, which is denoted as I for ease of description. A , the input module 120 is used to convert I A The first set of feedback optical signals is the output signal of the optical feedback module 160, which is denoted as I B The optical feedback module 160 is used to B Input optical feedforward module 140. That is, the input signal of optical feedforward module 140 includes I A and I B Two parts.

[0070] Optionally, the structure of the optical feedforward module 140 can be a Mach-Zehnder interferometer array, a multi-layer diffraction plane based on an optical nano-antenna array, a multi-layer optical phase plate, an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) based on a star coupler, an optical interconnector based on an optical cross structure component, etc. The above optical devices are used as the optical feedforward module 140, and I A and I BThe optical feedforward module 140 is input for transmission, so that the interference, diffraction, heat dissipation and other effects naturally existing in the transmission process of light can be used to realize I in the optical feedforward module 140. A and I B of optical aliasing.

[0071] Optionally, the optical feedforward module includes K input ports and P output ports, where K and P are both positive integers greater than 1. A and the first feedback optical signal I B A total of K optical signals are included, and the second group of optical signals includes P optical signals. The K optical signals correspond one-to-one to the K input ports, and the K optical signals are respectively input into the optical feedforward module 140 through the corresponding input ports. The P optical signals correspond one-to-one to the P output ports, and the P optical signals are respectively output from the optical feedforward module 140 through the corresponding output ports.

[0072] For example, Figure 3 As shown, the optical feedforward module 140 includes K input ports, P output ports and an optical transmission region, and the optical feedback module 160 has P input ports and P output ports. Wherein, K and P are both positive integers, and K=M+P( Figure 3 It is assumed that K=6, P=4). The M input ports of the optical feedforward module 140 are connected one by one to the M output ports of the input module 120. The first group of optical signals I output by the input module 120 A The optical feedforward module 140 can be injected through the N input ports. The other P input ports of the optical feedforward module 140 are connected one by one with the P output ports of the optical feedback module 160. The first group of feedback optical signals I output by the optical feedforward module 140 is B The optical feedforward module 140 can be injected into the optical feedforward module 140 for transmission through the above P input ports. The optical feedforward module 140 is based on the transmission of the optical transmission area inside it. A and I B Perform optical aliasing to obtain a second group of optical signals O C , O C That is, the output signal of the optical feedforward module 140. The optical propagation region can utilize the interference, diffraction and scattering effects naturally existing in the light transmission process to I A and I B The P output ports of the optical feedforward module 140 are connected one by one to the P input ports of the optical feedback module 160. The second optical signal O output by the optical feedforward module 140 is C The optical feedback module 160 can be injected into the optical feedback module 160 through the above P output ports. CPerform a second all-optical nonlinear modulation operation to output a first set of feedback optical signals I B .

[0073] In a possible embodiment, the optical feedback module 160 includes P second optical nonlinear devices, and the P second optical nonlinear devices are used to perform a second all-optical nonlinear modulation operation, thereby providing a nonlinear response for the optical computing device 100. The embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the type of the second optical nonlinear device. For example, the second optical nonlinear device can be a directional coupler based on the absorption effect of germanium material or two-dimensional semiconductor material, a periodically polarized lithium niobate waveguide device based on the up-down cascade conversion of the second-order nonlinear wavelength of lithium niobate film, a waveguide attenuator based on the third-order saturated absorption response of graphene, or a semiconductor optical amplifier constructed of III-V materials with a gain saturation effect, etc. The second optical nonlinear device can realize nonlinear processing of signals in the optical domain by using its own nonlinear coefficient, that is, realize the second all-optical nonlinear modulation operation.

[0074] In a possible embodiment, the optical feedback module 160 includes P delay regulators, and the P delay regulators are used to control the first group of feedback optical signals (denoted as I B (tk)) input time of the optical feedforward module 140, so that I B (tk) can be combined with the first group of optical signals at time t (denoted as I A (t)) are simultaneously input into the optical feedforward module 140. The embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the type of the above-mentioned P delay adjusters. For example, the above-mentioned P delay adjusters can be devices such as optical fiber arrays, on-chip delay line arrays, and P optical waveguides, so as to achieve delay-adjustable optical feedback. If P optical waveguides are used as the above-mentioned P delay adjusters, the transmission length (waveguide length) of the above-mentioned P optical waveguides needs to ensure that I B (tk) can be used with I A (t) and input to the optical feedforward module 140 at the same time. In a possible embodiment, the optical feedback module 160 includes P second signal separators, P time delay adjusters, and P second optical nonlinear devices. The P second signal separators are used to process the second group of optical signals O output by the optical feedforward module 140. C (including P optical signals) are split to obtain P second split optical signals. Among them, the P second signal separators correspond to the P optical signals one by one, and the P optical signals correspond to the P second split optical signals one by one. Each second signal separator is used to process the corresponding optical signal, thereby generating a corresponding second split optical signal. Then, the P second optical nonlinear devices are used to perform a second all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the P second split optical signals, thereby obtaining a first group of feedback optical signals I B P delay regulators are used to control IB (tk) is the time input into the optical feedforward module 140, so that I B (tk) can be used with I A (t) are simultaneously input into the optical feedforward module 140.

[0075] The second signal separator may be a beam splitter device of the type of a power splitter, a beam splitter or a coupler, and the present application embodiment does not make any specific limitation. For example, the second signal separator may be composed of an unequal power beam splitter combined with a waveguide crossover or a three-dimensional integrated multilayer waveguide structure, thereby realizing partial coupling of the output signal of the optical feedforward module 140. Assume that the output signal of the j-th output port of the optical feedforward module 140 at the time t-1 is O C (t-1,j),O C The power of (t-1,j) is 1w. Through the coupling effect of the second signal separator, O C (t-1,j) is divided into two parts (assuming the power is divided into two signals of 0.8w and 0.2w). The 0.8w part of the optical signal (i.e. the P second split optical signals mentioned above) is delivered to the optical feedforward module 140 to perform the subsequent second all-optical nonlinear modulation operation, and the other 0.2w part of the optical signal is sent to the output module 180 for processing.

[0076] Optionally, the second signal separation unit may also be provided in the optical feedforward module 140, which is used to implement the signal separation function, and a portion of the separated signal is input into the optical feedback module 160 for a second all-optical nonlinear modulation operation, and another portion of the separated signal is input into the output module 180 for processing. Alternatively, the second signal separation unit may be provided separately in the optical computing device 100 to implement the signal separation function.

[0077] 4. Output module 180

[0078] The output module 180 is used to realize the output layer of the RC network, which is output by the second group of optical signals O output by the optical feedforward module 140. C Perform a second linear modulation operation and a beam combining operation to obtain an output signal. The second linear modulation operation refers to linear modulation of the amplitude of the optical signal. For example, assuming that the first optical signal is subjected to the second linear modulation operation to obtain a second optical signal, the amplitude of the second optical signal presents a linear response (linear relationship) compared to the amplitude of the first optical signal. The second linear modulation operation is used to implement the assignment of output weights, that is, the weight assigned to the output layer of the RC network. The beam combining operation is used to achieve signal dimensionality reduction in order to obtain a calculation result. The above-mentioned output signal can be an electrical signal or an optical signal, which is used to represent the calculation result of the data to be calculated.

[0079] Optionally, the output module 180 includes P photodetectors and electrical multipliers, where P is a positive integer greater than 1. The P photodetectors are used to detect the second group of optical signals O output by the optical feedforward module 140. C Photoelectric conversion is performed to obtain P first electrical signals. The electrical multiplier is used to perform a second linear modulation operation and a beam combining operation (electrical domain beam combining in this case) on the P first electrical signals, thereby obtaining an output signal. The electrical multiplier can be implemented using electrical devices such as a central processing unit (CPU), a single-chip microcomputer, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an analog electrical multiplier, a digital circuit gate array, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not make specific limitations.

[0080] For example, Figure 4 As shown, the output module 180 includes P input ports, P photodetectors and an electrical multiplier, and the P input ports are connected to the P photodetectors one by one. Assume that the second optical signal O output by the optical feedforward module 140 C It includes P optical signals, and the P optical signals enter the output module 180 from an input port respectively, and then are transmitted to the connected photodetectors. Then, the P photodetectors respectively perform photoelectric conversion on the input optical signals, thereby obtaining P first electrical signals, and then the P first electrical signals are input into the electrical multiplier. Finally, the electrical multiplier performs multiplication and addition operations on the P first electrical signals in the electrical domain, thereby realizing the second linear modulation operation (equivalent to the multiplication operation) and the beam combining operation (equivalent to the addition operation), and finally obtaining the output signal in the form of an electrical signal.

[0081] Optionally, the output module 180 includes P second modulators, P photodetectors and an electrical adder, where P is a positive integer greater than 1. The P second modulators are used to modulate the second group of optical signals O output by the optical feedforward module 140. C A second linear modulation operation is performed to achieve the assignment of output weights, thereby obtaining P modulated optical signals. The P photodetectors are used to perform photoelectric conversion on the P modulated optical signals to obtain P second electrical signals, wherein the P modulated optical signals correspond one to one to the P second electrical signals. The electrical adder is used to perform a beam combining operation (in this case, electrical domain beam combining) on ​​the P second electrical signals to obtain an output signal in the form of an electrical signal.

[0082] The type and specific structure of the above-mentioned second modulator are not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application. For example, the second modulator can be a silicon-based modulator based on free carrier dispersion effect, a silicon-based modulator based on thermo-optic effect, a lithium niobate modulator based on thermo-optic effect, a lithium niobate modulator based on linear electro-optic effect, a III-V semiconductor modulator based on electroabsorption effect, a modulator based on non-volatile phase change material and other types of optical devices. The specific structure of the second modulator can be a straight waveguide type, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration, a micro-ring configuration, a photonic crystal configuration or a Bragg grating configuration. The above-mentioned P second modulators can use devices of the same type or different types. The above-mentioned electrical adder can be implemented by electrical devices such as CPU, single-chip microcomputer, ASIC, analog electrical multiplier, digital circuit gate array, etc., which is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0083] For example, Figure 5 As shown, the output module 180 includes P input ports, P second modulators and P photodetectors, the P input ports are connected to the P second modulators one by one, and the P second modulators are connected to the P photodetectors one by one. Assume that the second group of optical signals O output by the optical feedforward module 140 is C It includes P optical signals, and the above-mentioned P optical signals enter the output module 180 from different input ports respectively, and are then transmitted to the connected second modulator. The P second modulators respectively perform a second linear modulation operation on one input optical signal, thereby obtaining P first optical signals, and then input the above-mentioned P first optical signals into the connected photodetectors respectively. Then, the P photodetectors respectively perform photoelectric conversion on the first optical signals input to themselves, thereby obtaining P second electrical signals, and then input the P second electrical signals into the electrical adder. Among them, the P first optical signals correspond one to one with the P second electrical signals. Finally, the electrical adder performs addition operation on the above-mentioned P second electrical signals in the electrical domain, thereby realizing the above-mentioned beam combining operation and obtaining an output signal in the form of an electrical signal.

[0084] Optionally, the output module 180 includes P third modulators and an optical combiner, where P is a positive integer greater than 1. The P third modulators are used to perform a second linear modulation operation on the second group of optical signals to achieve the assignment of output weights, thereby obtaining P modulated optical signals. The optical combiner is used to perform a beam combining operation (in this case, optical domain beam combining) on ​​the P modulated optical signals, thereby obtaining an output signal in the optical domain. The type and specific structure of the third modulator can refer to the previous introduction to the second modulator, which will not be repeated here.

[0085] For example, Figure 6 As shown, the output module 180 includes P input ports, P third modulators and an optical combiner, and the P input ports and the P third modulators are connected one by one. Assume that the second group of optical signals O output by the optical feedforward module 140C The P optical signals are respectively input into the output module 180 from different input ports of the P input ports, and then transmitted to the connected third modulator. The P third modulators respectively perform a second linear modulation operation on one input optical signal, thereby obtaining P first optical signals, and then input the P first optical signals into the optical combiner. Finally, the optical combiner performs a beam combining operation on the P first optical signals, thereby obtaining an output signal in the form of an optical signal.

[0086] Optionally, in order to meet the electrical domain output requirements of the optical computing device 100, the output module 180 may further include a photodetector, which is used to perform photoelectric conversion on the output signal in the form of the optical signal to obtain a second output signal in the form of an analog electrical signal.

[0087] Optionally, the output module 180 may further include an analog-to-digital converter, which is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the second output signal to obtain a third output signal in the form of a digital electrical signal.

[0088] The specific implementation structure of the optical computing device 100 is described below by way of example.

[0089] See also Figure 7 , Figure 7 It is a specific implementation structure diagram of an optical computing device 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application, including an input module 120, an optical feedforward module 140, an optical feedback module 160 and an output module 180, which are introduced below respectively.

[0090] like Figure 7 As shown, the input module 120 includes a multi-mode interferometer (MMI), two modulators and two optical nonlinear devices. Among them, the multi-mode interferometer is used as the first signal separator in the input module 120, and the multi-mode interferometer includes an input waveguide and two output waveguides. The input waveguide is used as an input port of the input module 120 for inputting an input signal carrying data to be calculated. The multi-mode interferometer is used to perform a beam splitting operation on the input signal of the input module 120, and the two beams of light signals obtained by the beam splitting enter different output waveguides for transmission respectively. Each output waveguide is configured with a modulator and an optical nonlinear device, the modulator is used as the first modulator in the input module 120, and is used to perform a first linear modulation operation, and the optical nonlinear device is used as the first optical nonlinear device in the input module 120, and is used to perform a first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation. The two output waveguides are used as two output ports of the input module 120, connected to two input ports of the optical feedforward module 140, and are used to input the first group of optical signals I obtained by the input module 120 to the optical feedforward module 140. A.

[0091] Optionally, a section of Germanium AntimonyTellurium (GeSbTe / GST) phase change material can be covered on each output waveguide to serve as the first modulator in the input module 120. When the optical signal transmitted in the output waveguide passes through the area covered with the GST material, a first linear modulation operation of the optical signal can be implemented based on the absorption of the GST material. It should be understood that the GST material covered on the two output waveguides has different phases, and thus has different linear absorption coefficients, and thus can implement two different modulation states (reflecting different weights).

[0092] Optionally, a section of single-layer graphene material can be covered on each output waveguide to serve as the first optical nonlinear device in the input module 120. When the optical signal transmitted in the output waveguide passes through the area covered with the single-layer graphene material, the first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation can be completed based on the saturable absorption characteristics of the graphene material.

[0093] like Figure 7 As shown, the optical feedback module 160 has 32 feedback loops, including feedback loop 1 to feedback loop 32. Each feedback loop includes a beam splitter, an optical nonlinear device and a beam combiner. Therefore, the optical feedback module 160 has a total of 32 beam splitters, 32 optical nonlinear devices and 32 beam combiners.

[0094] The above 32 beam splitters are all used as the second signal separator in the optical feedback module 160, and they are connected one by one to the 32 output waveguides (as output ports) of the optical feedforward module 140. The input end of each beam splitter is connected to one output waveguide of the optical feedforward module 140, and the two output ends of each beam splitter are respectively connected to two waveguides located at different levels, where the upper waveguide is used to construct the corresponding feedback loop, and the lower waveguide is used to connect to the output module 180. Each beam splitter can split its own input signal according to a fixed ratio, thereby realizing a signal separation operation, wherein a part of the signal is coupled to the upper waveguide, so that it can enter the optical feedback module 160 to perform the subsequent second all-optical nonlinear modulation operation, and the other part of the signal is coupled to the lower waveguide, so that it can enter the output module 180 for processing. Optionally, Figure 7 The upper waveguide and the lower waveguide can be made of the same material or different materials, and the material type is not specifically limited. For example, the upper waveguide can be made of silicon nitride, and the lower waveguide can be made of silicon.

[0095] The above 32 optical nonlinear devices are all used as the second signal separator in the optical feedback module 160, and are respectively used to implement the second all-optical nonlinear modulation operation in the corresponding feedback loop. For each second optical nonlinear device, it is connected to an output end of the beam splitter in the feedback loop where it is located through the upper waveguide, and is connected to the beam combiner in the feedback loop where it is located through the upper waveguide. Each beam combiner is used to couple the signal at its input end to the connected lower waveguide, and then input into the optical feedforward module 140 through the lower waveguide.

[0096] Optionally, a section of a single layer of graphene material may be covered on the upper waveguide in each feedback loop to serve as a second optical nonlinear device in the optical feedback module 160. When the optical signal transmitted in the output waveguide passes through the area covered with the single layer of graphene material, based on the saturable absorption characteristics of the graphene material, a second all-optical nonlinear modulation operation may be performed to obtain an intermediate optical signal. Then, the intermediate optical signal is transmitted to the combiner in the same feedback loop through the upper waveguide, and the combiner couples the intermediate optical signal back to the lower waveguide. The optical signal in the lower waveguide is input into the optical feedforward module 140 as a feedback optical signal. Optionally, if the upper waveguide and the lower waveguide are made of different materials, a combiner may be used in the above manner to couple the corresponding optical signal from the upper waveguide to the lower waveguide; if the upper waveguide and the lower waveguide are made of the same material, the combiner in each feedback loop may be omitted.

[0097] Understandably, Figure 7 The feedback optical signals outputted by the 32 feedback loops in the optical feedback module 160 together constitute the first feedback optical signal I outputted by the optical feedback module 160. B Because each feedback loop is used to output a feedback optical signal, multiple optical signals are transmitted in parallel in the optical feedback module 160. Since optical signals have stronger anti-interference characteristics in transmission than analog electrical signals, the optical signals transmitted in parallel in the optical feedback module 160 will not interfere with each other, thereby ensuring that the first group of feedback optical signals I output by the optical feedback module 160 is consistent with each other. B The accuracy of the optical computing device 100 is thereby improved.

[0098] Optionally, the optical path length of each feedback loop in the optical feedback module 160 can be adjusted according to the symbol rate of the input signal of the optical computing device 100 to ensure that the first group of feedback optical signals I output by the optical feedback module 160 at the time tk is B (tk) can be connected to the first optical signal I output by the input module 120 at time t A (t) The optical feedforward module 140 is simultaneously input for aliasing, thereby completing the state update of the reservoir layer.

[0099] like Figure 7 As shown, the optical feedforward module 140 can be composed of an MMI device including 34 input ports and 32 output ports. Two of the input ports are connected to the two output waveguides of the input module 120 one by one, and are used to transmit the first group of optical signals I output by the input module 120 to the optical feedforward module 140. A The remaining 32 input ports are connected one by one to the 32 feedback loops of the optical feedback module 160, and are used to inject the first group of feedback optical signals I output by the optical feedback module 160 into the optical feedforward module 140. B The planar interference region of the MMI device is used as the optical propagation region in the optical feedforward module 140. A and I B When transmitted through the flat plate interference region, based on the optical interference effect of the flat plate interference region, the above two groups of optical signals can be optically aliased, and then the second group of optical signals can be output through the 32 output ports of the optical feedforward module 140. C .

[0100] like Figure 7 As shown, the output module 180 includes 32 modulators (such as high-speed silicon-based carrier modulators), an optical beam combiner and a photodetector. Among them, the 32 modulators correspond to one beam splitter in the optical feedback module 160 respectively, and the second output end of each beam splitter is connected to the corresponding modulator through the lower waveguide. Each beam splitter couples one output signal portion of the optical feedforward module 140 to the corresponding lower waveguide, and then inputs it into the corresponding modulator. The above 32 modulators are all used as the third modulator in the output module 180, which is used to perform the second linear modulation operation to assign the output weight value. Then, the output signals of the 32 modulators are input to the optical beam combiner through the lower waveguide. For example, the optical beam combiner can be an MMI device with 32 input ports and 1 output port, and the MMI device is used to perform a beam combining operation on the output signals of the 32 modulators (at this time, the beam combining is performed in the optical domain), and the optical signal obtained after the beam combining is input to the photodetector, and the photodetector performs photoelectric conversion to obtain an output signal in the form of an electrical signal.

[0101] The following describes a mathematical calculation process that can be implemented by the optical computing device 100 in an embodiment of the present application.

[0102] See also Figure 8 , Figure 8 It is a data flow diagram provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0103] Assume that u(t) is the input signal of the optical computing device 100 at time t, and the input signal carries some data to be calculated. Figure 8After being processed by the input module 120, the input module 120 outputs the first group of optical signals I at the tth moment. A (t), the first group of optical signals I A (t) represents the following mathematical calculation result: u1(t)*f1*W in1 Wherein, f1 is the nonlinear response provided by the input module 120, and the nonlinear response is realized by the M first optical nonlinear devices in the input module 120. in1 is the input weight, which is implemented by the M first modulators in the input module 120. It should be understood that the above input weight W in1 It is determined by the modulation state of the M first modulators in the input module 120, and represents the weight of the input layer of the RC network. Since the weight of the input layer in the RC network is fixed and does not need to be trained, the modulation state of the M first modulators may not be adjusted during the training process of the optical computing device 100.

[0104] For example, the first signal separator in the input module 120 first performs a beam splitting operation on u(t), thereby achieving spatial dimensionality upgrade of u(t) to obtain u1(t). Then, the M first optical nonlinear devices in the input module 120 use their optical nonlinear characteristics to perform a first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on u1(t). At this time, the mathematical calculation result represented by the M optical signals output by the M first optical nonlinear devices is: u1(t)*f1. Then, the M first modulators in the input module 120 perform a first linear modulation operation on the above-mentioned M optical signals, thereby assigning an input weight W in1 The M optical signals output by the M first modulators constitute a first group of optical signals I A (t), the mathematical calculation result represented by it is: u1(t)*f1*W in1 .

[0105] Alternatively, the M first modulators in the input module 120 may first perform a first linear modulation operation on u1(t), thereby assigning an input weight W in1 At this time, the mathematical calculation result represented by the M optical signals output by the M first modulators is: u1(t)*W in1 Then, the M first optical nonlinear devices in the input module 120 perform a first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the M optical signals, and the M optical signals output by the M first optical nonlinear devices constitute a first group of optical signals I A (t), the calculation result represented by it is: u1(t)*f1*W in1 .

[0106] like Figure 8As shown, the input signal of the optical feedforward module 140 at the tth moment includes two parts. One part is the first group of optical signals I output by the input module 120 at the tth moment. A (t), represents u1(t)*f1*W in1 The other part is the first group of feedback optical signals I outputted by the optical feedback module 160 at the tkth moment. B (tk), represents f2*O C (t-1)*(1-α). Wherein, t and k are both positive integers, and t is greater than k. The optical feedforward module 140 transmits I A (t) and I B (tk) performs optical aliasing, and then outputs the third group of optical signals O at time t C (t), the calculation result represented by it is: W in2 *u1(t)*f1*W in1 +W*f2*O C (tk)*(1-α). That is, I A (t) and I B The aliasing of (tk) is equivalent to the aliasing of I A (t) and I B (tk) performs weighted summation (matrix multiplication and addition operation), where the matrix W in2 I A (t) The corresponding weight, matrix W represents I B (tk) The corresponding weight.

[0107] The above W in2 The optical feedforward module 140 is A (t), W represents the linear transmission matrix of the optical feedforward module 140 to I B (tk) is the linear transfer matrix. It should be understood that W in2 and W are determined by the optical transmission characteristics of the optical transmission region in the optical feedforward module 140. These two linear transmission matrices represent the weights of the reservoir layer. Since the weights of the reservoir layer in the RC network are fixed and do not require training, there is no need to change W during the training process of the optical computing device 100. in2 and W, there is no need to adjust the optical transmission area.

[0108] Above I B (tk) is the third group of optical signals O outputted by the optical feedback module 160 based on the optical feedforward module 140 at the tkth moment. C Specifically, the third group of optical signals output by the optical feedforward module 140 at the tkth moment is O C (tk). C(tk) The first part of the signal obtained after being processed by the second signal separator, i.e., O C (tk)*(1-α) is input to the optical feedback module 160. C (tk) The second part of the signal obtained after being processed by the second signal separator, i.e., α*O C (tk), is input to the output module 180. α represents the leakage rate of the water reservoir layer, 0<α<1, the size of α is determined by the signal separation ratio of the second signal separator, which can be set as needed, and is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application. The specific type of the second signal separator can be found in the relevant introduction above, which will not be repeated here. The optical feedback module 160 performs a second all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the above-mentioned first part of the signal to obtain the first group of feedback optical signals I at the tkth moment B (tk),I B The mathematical calculation result represented by (tk) is: f2*O C (tk)*(1-α). Among them, O C (tk) is the third group of optical signals output by the optical feedforward module 140 at the tkth time, f2 is the nonlinear response provided by the optical feedback module 160, and the nonlinear response is realized by the P second optical nonlinear devices in the optical feedback module 160. The optical feedback module 160 can also control I B (tk) is the time input into the optical feedforward module 140, so that I B (tk) can be the same as the first group of optical signals I output by the input module 120 at time t A (t) are simultaneously input into the optical feedforward module 140.

[0109] like Figure 8 As shown, the third group of optical signals output by the optical feedforward module 140 at time t is O C (t). C (t) A part of the signal obtained after signal coupling, namely α*O C (t) is input to the output module 180. The output module 180 performs a second linear modulation operation on the second portion of the signal to obtain Y(t), which represents the mathematical calculation result: W out *O C (t)*α. Where W outis the output weight, which is implemented by the P second modulators / P third modulators / electrical multipliers in the output module 180. Since the output weights in the RC network need to be trained and adjusted, during the training process of the optical computing device 100, it is necessary to appropriately adjust the states of the corresponding devices in the output module 180 to obtain the corresponding output weights, and finally maintain the trained output weights. The optical feedforward module 140 can also perform a beam combining operation on Y(t) (which can be implemented by the electrical multiplier / electrical adder / optical combiner in the output module 180), thereby obtaining the output signal Y1(t) of the output module 180 at the tth moment, and Y1(t) can represent the calculation result of the data to be calculated.

[0110] Based on the optical computing device 100 introduced above, the application scenarios of the optical computing device 100 are illustrated below.

[0111] For example, assuming that the optical computing device 100 is used in a heartbeat prediction scenario, the first data is a 1-dimensional time series data, which is the heartbeat value of a certain user at time t. The first data is loaded onto an optical signal of a certain wavelength (different amplitudes can be specified to represent different heartbeat values), thereby obtaining an input signal at time t (referred to as the first signal), and the amplitude of the first signal can reflect the heartbeat value of the user at time t. The first signal is then input into the input module 120 in the optical computing device 100, thereby starting the calculation process of the first data.

[0112] First, the input module 120 performs a beam splitting operation, a first linear modulation operation, and a first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the first signal to obtain a first group of optical signals at time t, which is denoted as I A (t), and then I A (t) Input to the optical feedforward module 140 in the optical computing device 100 .

[0113] Then, the input port of the optical feedforward module 140 simultaneously inputs I A (t) and I B (tk), and it is assumed that k is 1. A (t) is the first group of optical signals output by the input module 120 at time t, I B (t-1) is the first feedback optical signal output by the optical feedback module 160 at the time t-1, and (t-1) is the second optical signal output by the optical feedback module 160 to the optical feedforward module 140 at the time t-1 (denoted as C A set of optical signals is obtained after performing the second all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on (t-1). C (t-1) is the optical feedforward module 140 to I A (t-1) and I B(t-2) is a group of optical signals outputted by optical aliasing. A (t-1) is the first group of optical signals output by the input module 120 at time t-1, I A (t-1) is a group of optical signals outputted by the input module 120 after performing the first operation (including the beam splitting operation, the first linear modulation operation and the first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation) based on the input signal at the t-1th moment (representing the heartbeat value of the user at the t-1th moment), I B (t-2) is the first feedback optical signal output by the optical feedback module 160 at the time t-2. The optical feedforward module 140 receives the two optical signals I A (t) and I B (t-1) performs optical aliasing, and then outputs the second group of optical signals O at time t C (t).

[0114] Finally, the output module 180 is based on O C (t) Perform the second linear modulation operation and the beam combining operation to obtain the output signal at time t, which represents the heartbeat prediction result of the user at time t+1 (i.e., the calculation result of the first data). At this point, the optical computing device 100 completes the calculation process of the first data.

[0115] Based on the optical computing device 100 introduced above, an embodiment of an optical computing method provided by the present application is introduced below.

[0116] See also Fig. 9 , Fig. 9 It is a flowchart of an optical computing method provided in an embodiment of the present application, including steps S901 to S904.

[0117] S901. The input module 120 in the optical computing device 100 performs a beam splitting operation, a first linear modulation operation, and a first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the input signal to obtain a first group of optical signals, and inputs the first group of optical signals into the optical feedforward module 140, wherein the input signal is used to carry data to be calculated.

[0118] Optionally, the input signal may be an optical signal or an electrical signal, that is, the optical computing device 100 may adopt electrical signal input or optical signal input to adapt to different computing scenarios.

[0119] Optionally, the input signal includes multiple optical signals with different wavelengths.

[0120] Optionally, the input module 120 includes a first signal separator, a plurality of first modulators, and a plurality of first optical nonlinear devices. First, the input signal separator performs a beam splitting operation on the input signal (in this case, an optical signal) to obtain a plurality of first beam splitting optical signals. Then, the plurality of first modulators and the plurality of first optical nonlinear devices perform a first linear modulation operation and a first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the plurality of first beam splitting optical signals to obtain a first group of optical signals.

[0121] Optionally, the input module 120 includes an electro-optical converter, a first signal separator, a plurality of first modulators, and a plurality of first optical nonlinear devices; first, the electro-optical converter performs electro-optical conversion on the input signal (in this case, an electrical signal) to obtain a first optical signal. Then, the first signal separator performs a beam splitting operation on the first optical signal to obtain a plurality of first beam splitting optical signals. Next, the plurality of first modulators and the plurality of first optical nonlinear devices perform a first linear modulation operation and a first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the plurality of first beam splitting optical signals to obtain a first group of optical signals.

[0122] For other contents of the input module 120, please refer to the previous Figures 1 to 8 The relevant introduction is not repeated here.

[0123] S902. The optical feedforward module 140 in the optical computing device 100 performs optical aliasing on the first group of optical signals and the first group of feedback optical signals to obtain a second group of optical signals.

[0124] Optionally, the optical feedforward module 140 includes K input ports and P output ports, the first group of optical signals and the first group of feedback optical signals include K optical signals in total, and the second group of optical signals includes P optical signals. Wherein, K and P are both positive integers greater than 1. The K optical signals correspond one-to-one to the K input ports, and the K optical signals are respectively input into the optical feedforward module 140 through the corresponding input ports. The P optical signals correspond one-to-one to the P output ports, and the P optical signals are respectively output from the optical feedforward module 140 through the corresponding output ports.

[0125] For more information about the optical feedforward module 140, please see Figures 1 to 8 The relevant introduction is not repeated here.

[0126] S903 . The optical feedback module 160 in the optical computing device 100 performs a second all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the second group of optical signals to obtain a first group of feedback optical signals, and inputs the first group of feedback optical signals into the optical feedforward module 140 .

[0127] Optionally, the optical feedback module 160 includes a plurality of second optical nonlinear devices, and the plurality of second optical nonlinear devices are used to perform a second all-optical nonlinear modulation operation.

[0128] Optionally, the optical feedback module 160 further includes a plurality of time delay regulators, which are used to control the time when the first group of feedback optical signals at the tkth moment are input into the optical feedforward module 140, so that the first group of feedback optical signals at the tkth moment and the first group of optical signals at the tth moment are simultaneously input into the optical feedforward module 140. Optionally, the optical feedback module 160 includes a plurality of second signal separators, a plurality of time delay regulators, and a plurality of second optical nonlinear devices. First, the plurality of second signal separators perform a beam splitting operation on the second group of optical signals to obtain a plurality of second beam splitting optical signals, and then the plurality of second optical nonlinear devices perform a second all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the plurality of second beam splitting optical signals to obtain a first group of feedback optical signals. The plurality of time delay regulators control the time when the first group of feedback optical signals at the tkth moment (there are first groups of feedback optical signals at different moments) are input into the optical feedforward module 140, so that the first group of feedback optical signals at the tkth moment can be simultaneously input into the optical feedforward module 140 with the first group of optical signals at the tth moment.

[0129] For other information about the optical feedback module 160, please refer to Figures 1 to 8 The relevant introduction is not repeated here.

[0130] S904. The output module 180 in the optical computing device 100 performs a second linear modulation operation and a beam combining operation on the second group of optical signals to obtain an output signal, wherein the output signal is used to represent a calculation result of the data to be calculated.

[0131] Optionally, the output module 180 includes a plurality of photodetectors and an electrical multiplier / adder. First, the plurality of photodetectors perform photoelectric conversion on the second group of optical signals to obtain a plurality of first electrical signals, and then the electrical multiplier / adder performs a second linear modulation operation and a beam combining operation on the plurality of first electrical signals, thereby obtaining an output signal of the output module 180.

[0132] Optionally, the output module 180 includes a plurality of second modulators, a plurality of photodetectors, and an electrical adder. First, the plurality of second modulators perform a second linear modulation operation on the second group of optical signals to obtain a plurality of first optical signals. Then, the plurality of photodetectors perform photoelectric conversion on the plurality of first optical signals to obtain a plurality of second electrical signals. Next, the electrical adder performs a beam combining operation on the plurality of second electrical signals to obtain an output signal. The plurality of first optical signals correspond one-to-one to the plurality of second electrical signals, and each second electrical signal is obtained by photoelectric conversion of the corresponding first optical signal.

[0133] Optionally, the output module 180 includes a plurality of third modulators and an optical combiner. First, the plurality of third modulators perform a second linear modulation operation on the fourth group of optical signals to obtain a plurality of first optical signals, and then the optical combiner performs a beam combining operation on the plurality of first optical signals to obtain an output signal.

[0134] Optionally, the output module 180 further includes a photodetector, which can perform photoelectric conversion on the output signal in the form of an optical signal, thereby obtaining a second output signal in the form of an analog electrical signal.

[0135] Optionally, the output module 180 may further include an analog-to-digital converter, which may perform analog-to-digital conversion on the second output signal to obtain a third output signal in the form of a digital electrical signal.

[0136] It should be understood that the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the order of steps S903 and S904. Steps S903 and S904 can be executed in parallel or one after the other. For example, step S903 can be executed before step S904, or step S904 can be executed before step S903.

[0137] For other information about output module 180, please refer to the previous Figures 1 to 8 The relevant introduction is not repeated here.

[0138] In summary, the optical computing device 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application is used to implement the RC network, and the optical feedback module 160 in the optical computing device 100 is used to implement the feedback loop in the RC network. It should be understood that since the above-mentioned optical feedback module 160 is implemented by an optical device (used to perform the corresponding all-optical nonlinear modulation operation), the signal does not need to be converted from photoelectric to electro-optical when entering and exiting the optical feedback module 160. The signal always exists in the form of light during the intermediate processing of the optical feedback module 160, that is, there is no electrical processing, so that the overall computing bandwidth of the optical computing device 100 is not limited by the bandwidth of the electrical signal link, so that the advantages of photons in the computing field, such as large bandwidth, low energy consumption, and parallelism, can be fully utilized, and the demand for active devices such as photoelectric converters and electro-optical converters of the optical computing device 100 can also be reduced, thereby reducing the power consumption and cost of the optical computing device 100.

[0139] Since the optical computing device 100 can provide high-performance computing, it can meet the computing needs of various new vertical application scenarios such as smart cities, smart transportation, smart manufacturing and smart homes in terms of high bandwidth, low energy consumption, etc.

[0140] like Fig.10As shown, the embodiment of the present application further provides a processor chip 300, including a driving circuit 200 and an optical computing device 100 in any of the previous embodiments. The driving circuit 200 is used to drive the optical computing device 100. For example, the driving circuit 200 can provide corresponding driving signals for active devices (such as photoelectric converters, electro-optical converters, photodetectors, lasers, analog-to-digital converters, etc.) in the optical computing device 100, so that the above active devices can work normally in the optical computing device 100. The optical computing device 100 is used to execute Fig. 9 For details on the light calculation method, please refer to the previous introduction and will not be repeated here.

[0141] like Fig.11 As shown, the embodiment of the present application further provides a computing device 1100, comprising the above-mentioned processor chip 300 and memory 400. The memory 400 can be used to store the data to be calculated and / or the calculation results of the data to be calculated of the optical computing device 100 in the processor chip 300.

[0142] Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiments can be implemented by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when the program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. The storage medium can be a disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM) or a random access memory (RAM), etc.

[0143] What is disclosed above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and it certainly cannot be used to limit the scope of rights of the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand that all or part of the processes of the above embodiment and equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present application are still within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An optical computing device, characterized in that: include: An input module, used to perform a beam splitting operation, a first linear modulation operation and a first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on an input signal to obtain a first group of optical signals, and also used to input the first group of optical signals into an optical feedforward module, wherein the input signal is used to carry data to be calculated; The optical feedforward module is used to perform optical aliasing on the first group of optical signals and the first group of feedback optical signals to obtain a second group of optical signals; an optical feedback module, configured to perform a second all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the second group of optical signals to obtain the first group of feedback optical signals, and further configured to input the first group of feedback optical signals into the optical feedforward module, wherein the first group of feedback optical signals at the tkth moment and the first group of optical signals at the tth moment are simultaneously input into the optical feedforward module, wherein t and k are both positive integers, and t is greater than k; An output module is used to perform a second linear modulation operation and a beam combining operation on the second group of optical signals to obtain an output signal, wherein the output signal is used to represent a calculation result of the data to be calculated.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The input signal is an optical signal, and the input module includes a first signal separator, a plurality of first modulators and a plurality of first optical nonlinear devices; The first signal separator is used to perform the beam splitting operation on the input signal to obtain a plurality of first split light signals; The plurality of first modulators and the plurality of first optical nonlinear devices are used to perform the first linear modulation operation and the first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the plurality of first split-beam optical signals to obtain the first group of optical signals.

3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The input signal includes a plurality of optical signals of different wavelengths.

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The input signal is an electrical signal, and the input module includes an electro-optical converter, a first signal separator, a plurality of first modulators and a plurality of first optical nonlinear devices; The electro-optical converter is used to perform electro-optical conversion on the input signal to obtain a first optical signal; The first signal separator is used to perform the splitting operation on the first optical signal to obtain a plurality of first split optical signals; The plurality of first modulators and the plurality of first optical nonlinear devices are used to perform the first linear modulation operation and the first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the plurality of first split-beam optical signals to obtain the first group of optical signals.

5. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The optical feedforward module includes K input ports and P output ports, the first group of optical signals and the first group of feedback optical signals include K optical signals, the second group of optical signals includes P optical signals, the K optical signals correspond one-to-one to the K input ports, the K optical signals are respectively input into the optical feedforward module through the corresponding input ports, the P optical signals correspond one-to-one to the P output ports, the P optical signals are respectively output from the optical feedforward module through the corresponding output ports, and both K and P are positive integers greater than 1.

6. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The optical feedback module includes a plurality of second optical nonlinear devices, and the plurality of second optical nonlinear devices are used to perform the second all-optical nonlinear modulation operation.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that The optical feedback module also includes a plurality of delay regulators; The multiple delay adjusters are used to control the time when the first group of feedback optical signals at the tkth time are input into the optical feedforward module, so that the first group of feedback optical signals at the tkth time and the first group of optical signals at the tth time are input into the optical feedforward module at the same time.

8. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The output module includes a plurality of photoelectric detectors and an electrical multiplier and adder; The plurality of photodetectors are used to perform photoelectric conversion on the second group of optical signals to obtain a plurality of first electrical signals; The electrical multiplier and adder is used to perform the second linear modulation operation and the beam combining operation on the plurality of first electrical signals to obtain the output signal.

9. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The output module includes a plurality of second modulators, a plurality of photodetectors and an electrical adder; The plurality of second modulators are used to perform the second linear modulation operation on the second group of optical signals to obtain a plurality of modulated optical signals; The plurality of photodetectors are used to perform photoelectric conversion on the plurality of modulated optical signals to obtain a plurality of second electrical signals, wherein the plurality of modulated optical signals correspond one to one to the plurality of second electrical signals; The electrical adder is used to perform the beam combining operation on the plurality of second electrical signals to obtain the output signal.

10. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The output module includes a plurality of third modulators and an optical combiner; The plurality of third modulators are used to perform the second linear modulation operation on the second group of optical signals to obtain a plurality of modulated optical signals; The optical beam combiner is used to perform the beam combining operation on the multiple modulated optical signals to obtain the output signal.

11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that The output signal is an optical signal, and the output module further includes a photoelectric detector, which is used to perform photoelectric conversion on the output signal to obtain a second output signal in the form of an analog electrical signal.

12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that The output module also includes an analog-to-digital converter, which is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the second output signal to obtain a third output signal in the form of a digital electrical signal.

13. A method of optical computing, characterized in that: For an optical computing device, the method comprises: The input module in the optical computing device performs a beam splitting operation, a first linear modulation operation and a first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the input signal to obtain a first group of optical signals, and inputs the first group of optical signals into the optical feedforward module, wherein the input signal is used to carry data to be calculated; The optical feedforward module in the optical computing device performs optical aliasing on the first group of optical signals and the first group of feedback optical signals to obtain a second group of optical signals; The optical feedback module in the optical computing device performs a second all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the second group of optical signals to obtain the first group of feedback optical signals, and inputs the first group of feedback optical signals into the optical feedforward module, wherein the first group of feedback optical signals at the tkth moment and the first group of optical signals at the tth moment are simultaneously input into the optical feedforward module, and both t and k are positive integers, and t is greater than k; The output module in the optical computing device performs a second linear modulation operation and a beam combining operation on the second group of optical signals to obtain an output signal, wherein the output signal is used to represent a calculation result of the data to be calculated.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that The input signal is an optical signal, the input module includes a first signal separator, a plurality of first modulators and a plurality of first optical nonlinear devices, and the input module in the optical computing device performs a beam splitting operation, a first linear modulation operation and a first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the input signal to obtain a first group of optical signals, including: The first signal separator performs the beam splitting operation on the input signal to obtain a plurality of first split light signals; The plurality of first modulators and the plurality of first optical nonlinear devices perform the first linear modulation operations and the first all-optical nonlinear modulation operations on the plurality of first split optical signals to obtain the first group of optical signals.

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that The input signal includes a plurality of optical signals of different wavelengths.

16. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that The input signal is an electrical signal, the input module includes an electro-optical converter, a first signal separator, a plurality of first modulators and a plurality of first optical nonlinear devices, and the input module in the optical computing device performs a beam splitting operation, a first linear modulation operation and a first all-optical nonlinear modulation operation on the input signal to obtain a first group of optical signals, including: The electro-optical converter performs electro-optical conversion on the input signal to obtain a first optical signal; The first signal separator performs the splitting operation on the first optical signal to obtain a plurality of first split optical signals; The plurality of first modulators and the plurality of first optical nonlinear devices perform the first linear modulation operations and the first all-optical nonlinear modulation operations on the plurality of first split optical signals to obtain the first group of optical signals.

17. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that The optical feedforward module includes K input ports and P output ports, the first group of optical signals and the first group of feedback optical signals include K optical signals, the second group of optical signals includes P optical signals, the K optical signals correspond one-to-one to the K input ports, the K optical signals are respectively input into the optical feedforward module through the corresponding input ports, the P optical signals correspond one-to-one to the P output ports, the P optical signals are respectively output from the optical feedforward module through the corresponding output ports, and both K and P are positive integers greater than 1.

18. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that The optical feedback module includes a plurality of second optical nonlinear devices, and the plurality of second optical nonlinear devices are used to perform the second all-optical nonlinear modulation operation.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that The optical feedback module further includes a plurality of delay regulators, and the step of inputting the first group of feedback optical signals into the optical feedforward module includes: The multiple delay adjusters control the time when the first group of feedback optical signals at the tkth time are input into the optical feedforward module, so that the first group of feedback optical signals at the tkth time and the first group of optical signals at the tth time are input into the optical feedforward module at the same time.

20. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that The output module includes a plurality of photodetectors and an electrical multiplier and adder. The output module in the optical computing device performs a second linear modulation operation and a beam combining operation on the second group of optical signals to obtain an output signal, including: The plurality of photodetectors perform photoelectric conversion on the second group of optical signals to obtain a plurality of first electrical signals; The electrical multiplier performs the linear modulation operation and the beam combining operation on the plurality of first electrical signals to obtain the output signal.

21. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that The output module includes a plurality of second modulators, a plurality of photodetectors and an electrical adder. The output module in the optical computing device performs a second linear modulation operation and a beam combining operation on the second group of optical signals to obtain an output signal, including: The plurality of second modulators perform the second linear modulation operation on the second group of optical signals to obtain a plurality of modulated optical signals; The multiple photodetectors perform photoelectric conversion on the multiple modulated light signals to obtain multiple second electrical signals, wherein the multiple modulated light signals correspond to the multiple second electrical signals one by one; The electrical adder performs the beam combining operation on the plurality of second electrical signals to obtain the output signal.

22. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that The output module includes a plurality of third modulators and an optical combiner. The output module in the optical computing device performs a second linear modulation operation and a beam combining operation on the second group of optical signals to obtain an output signal, including: The plurality of third modulators perform the second linear modulation operation on the second group of optical signals to obtain a plurality of modulated optical signals; The optical beam combiner performs the beam combining operation on the multiple modulated optical signals to obtain the output signal.

23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that The output signal is an optical signal, the output module further includes a photoelectric detector, and the method further includes: The photodetector performs photoelectric conversion on the output signal to obtain a second output signal in the form of an analog electrical signal.

24. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that The output module further includes an analog-to-digital converter, and the method further includes: The analog-to-digital converter performs analog-to-digital conversion on the second output signal to obtain a third output signal in the form of a digital electrical signal.

25. A processor chip, characterized in that: The optical computing device comprises a driving circuit and the optical computing device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the driving circuit is used to drive the optical computing device.

26. A computing device, characterized in that Includes the processor chip and memory as described in claim 25.

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