Lightning protection equipment and process for water pile foundation fixed type photovoltaic power station

Abstract

The invention provides an overwater pile foundation fixed photovoltaic power station lightning protection device and process, and relates to the technical field of sea surface photovoltaic power station protection, and the device comprises a photovoltaic system which internally comprises a main power distribution cabinet, a main power supply, a power distribution cabinet and a photovoltaic terminal; the top of the lightning arrester is provided with a lightning rod which is used for guiding thunder and lightning for lightning protection; the bottom of the down lead is connected with a conductive net, and the top of the down lead is connected with the lightning arrester. According to the equipment and the technology, through systematic design of the lightning arrester, the grounding device, the anti-surge system and the protection device and a perfect lightning protection technological process, the safety and the stability of the water pile foundation fixed type photovoltaic power station in a lightning environment are effectively improved. The thunder and lightning protection equipment and the thunder and lightning protection process for the water pile foundation fixed type photovoltaic power station are described in detail. It is required to be described that the description order of the following embodiments is not defined as the preferred order of the embodiments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of protection of sea photovoltaic power stations, and in particular to lightning protection equipment and technology for a water-based pile-based fixed photovoltaic power station. Background Art

[0002] With the growing global demand for renewable energy, photovoltaic power generation technology has developed rapidly. As an innovative form of photovoltaic application, water-based pile-based photovoltaic power stations are being widely promoted around the world. This type of power station is usually installed in rivers, lakes, oceans and other water bodies. By fixing photovoltaic modules on pile foundations and using large areas of free water to generate solar power, it has the advantages of small footprint, environmental friendliness, and high power generation efficiency. However, due to its special installation environment, this type of photovoltaic power station faces a series of unique technical challenges, the most prominent of which is the problem of lightning protection.

[0003] Photovoltaic power stations operating in water areas are exposed to open environments, and lightning has become one of the main natural disasters. Lightning strikes can not only directly damage photovoltaic modules and electrical equipment, but can also cause serious electrical failures through lightning overvoltage, and even paralyze the entire power station. Therefore, how to effectively protect photovoltaic power stations from the impact of lightning strikes has become a key technical problem to ensure their safe operation.

[0004] Lightning protection is relatively mature in photovoltaic power stations on land, but in photovoltaic power stations with pile foundations on water, lightning protection technology faces new challenges. The conductivity of water makes it easier for lightning current to spread on the water surface, increasing the probability of equipment being struck by lightning. At the same time, factors such as salt, humidity, wind and waves in the marine and water environment also put forward higher requirements on the lightning protection capabilities of power station equipment. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve the shortcomings of the background technology, provide a lightning protection device and process for a photovoltaic power station fixed with pile foundation on water, and provide lightning protection for photovoltaic systems and photovoltaic power generation devices built on water.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a lightning protection device for a photovoltaic power station fixed with pile foundation on water, comprising: a photovoltaic system, wherein the photovoltaic system internally comprises a main distribution cabinet and a total power supply, a distribution cabinet and photovoltaic terminals; a lightning arrester, wherein a lightning rod is arranged on the top of the lightning arrester for guiding lightning for lightning protection; a down conductor, wherein a conductive mesh is connected to the bottom of the down conductor, and the top of the down conductor is connected to the lightning arrester; a grounding device, wherein the grounding device is arranged at the bottom of the conductive mesh for contacting the ground in the sea; a surge protection system, wherein the surge protection system is distributed at various components in the photovoltaic system for protecting the photovoltaic system from surge impact; and a protection device, wherein the protection device is arranged on the photovoltaic system element for performing conductive and waterproof protection on the outer shell.

[0007] Furthermore, the lightning protection device also includes: an upper sleeve, the lightning rod is arranged on the top of the upper sleeve, floating blocks are provided on both sides of the bottom of the upper sleeve, and the interior of the floating blocks is hollowed out; a lower sleeve, the lower sleeve is slidably connected to the bottom of the upper sleeve, a limiting groove is provided inside the upper sleeve, limiting blocks are provided on both sides of the lower sleeve, and the limiting blocks are slidably connected to the limiting grooves; the upper sleeve and the lower sleeve are both made of stainless steel.

[0008] Furthermore, the grounding device also includes: a sleeve, with multiple openings on both sides of the sleeve; two plug-in boards slidably connected to the inside of the sleeve, with multiple plug-in rods provided on the side of the plug-in board away from the sleeve, and an arc-shaped lower pressure plate provided on the top of the plug-in rod; a wiring head slidably connected to the inside of the sleeve, and the top of the wiring head is connected to the conductive mesh.

[0009] Furthermore, the surge protection system includes a first-level protection surge protector, a second-level protection surge protector and a third-level protection surge protector. The first-level protection surge protector is arranged at the connection end between the main distribution cabinet and the main power supply, the second-level protection surge protector is arranged at the connection end of the distribution cabinet, and the third-level protection surge protector is arranged at the connection end of the photovoltaic terminal.

[0010] Furthermore, the protection device includes a protection cover and a guide wire, the protection cover is mounted on the outer surface of each element in the photovoltaic system, the guide wire is arranged inside the protection cover, and the guide wire is made of copper material.

[0011] A lightning protection process for a photovoltaic power station fixed with pile foundation on water, using the lightning protection equipment for a photovoltaic power station fixed with pile foundation on water as described above, the process includes the following process:

[0012] Step S1. Enter the design stage, evaluate the surrounding lightning risks in the early stage of design, and select appropriate lightning arresters and grounding devices to form a lightning protection system;

[0013] Step S2, according to the number of lightning arresters determined in step S1, the lightning arresters are placed on the sea surface, and the characteristics of the floating blocks are used to enable them to rise and fall along the horizontal plane;

[0014] Step S3, laying a conductive net on the seabed, and connecting the lightning protection device to the conductive net by using a down conductor;

[0015] Step S4, according to the number of grounding devices determined in step S1, the grounding devices are fixed on the seabed, and fast plug-in connection is completed through the plug-in rods on both sides, and the fixing is completed;

[0016] Step S5, connecting the primary protection surge protector, the secondary protection surge protector and the tertiary protection surge protector to the main distribution cabinet and the main power supply, the distribution cabinet and the photovoltaic terminal respectively for protective connection;

[0017] Step S6, installing the protection device on the outside of each component in the photovoltaic system, and using the protection device to protect and conduct electricity to each component in the photovoltaic system, and guide a large amount of current to the conductive net;

[0018] Step S7: Regularly inspect and record the entire photovoltaic system and lightning protection device, grounding device, surge protection system and protection device to prevent them from being damaged.

[0019] Furthermore, the step S1 also includes:

[0020] Step S11, collecting historical lightning strike data, meteorological conditions and geographical environment information of a preset area of ​​a photovoltaic power station;

[0021] Step S12, analyzing the collected data, making statistics on the lightning strike intensity, cumulative frequency and distribution, and distinguishing high-frequency lightning strike areas, low-frequency lightning strike areas and no lightning strike areas;

[0022] Step S13, designing the multiple lightning strike zones divided in step S12, wherein a lightning arrester is designed for every 16 m2 in the high-frequency lightning strike zone, a lightning arrester is designed for every 64 m2 in the low-frequency lightning strike zone, and a lightning arrester is designed for every 256 m2 in the no-lightning strike zone;

[0023] Step S14, integrating and calculating the areas of multiple lightning protection devices, designing a conductive mesh that meets the overall distribution area of ​​the lightning protection devices, and designing a grounding device for every 32 square meters at the bottom of the conductive mesh.

[0024] Furthermore, the step S3 also includes:

[0025] Step S31, selecting a conductive mesh of appropriate length and width according to design requirements;

[0026] Step S32, laying the conductive mesh flat on the seabed to ensure that it is in close contact with the seabed to avoid loosening or displacement;

[0027] Step S33: Select a down conductor of appropriate length to ensure that the lightning protection device can be connected to the conductive net to complete the connection.

[0028] Furthermore, the step S5 also includes:

[0029] Step S51, select a suitable location between the main power distribution cabinet and the main power supply to install a primary protection surge protector;

[0030] Step S52, connecting the primary surge protector to the connection point between the main distribution cabinet and the main power supply to ensure that the initial lightning overvoltage can be effectively absorbed;

[0031] Step S53: Select a suitable location between the power distribution cabinets to install a secondary protection surge protector;

[0032] Step S54, connecting the secondary protection surge protector between each distribution cabinet to further reduce the lightning overvoltage;

[0033] Step S55, selecting a suitable location near the photovoltaic terminal to install a level 3 surge protector;

[0034] Step S56: Connect the third-level protection surge protector to the photovoltaic terminal to provide final overvoltage protection and ensure the safety of the photovoltaic system.

[0035] Furthermore, the step S7 also includes:

[0036] Step S71, design a regular inspection period, with a quick inspection once a week, a standard inspection once a month, an in-depth inspection once a quarter, and a thorough inspection once a year. The thorough inspection includes all the following processes, while the quick inspection, standard inspection, and in-depth inspection select key items for inspection;

[0037] Step S72: first inspect the lightning arrester, first check the physical characteristics of the lightning arrester, including whether there is physical damage and corrosion, and record them by taking photos;

[0038] Step S73: visually inspect the conductive mesh to determine the integrity of the conductive mesh, ensure that it is not broken or damaged, and take photos to record;

[0039] Step S74, check the surge protector, visually check the appearance of the primary, secondary and tertiary surge protectors to ensure that they are not burned, melted or otherwise obviously damaged, and check the connection terminals of the surge protectors to ensure that the connection is firm and not loose or falling off;

[0040] Step S75: Perform lightning withstand voltage monitoring, use a conduction tester to detect the conductivity of the lightning arrester to ensure that the lightning current can be smoothly transmitted to the conductive network, and use a surge protector tester to simulate lightning overvoltage, test the response capability and protection performance of the surge protector, and measure the residual voltage of the surge protector to ensure that it meets the design requirements and can effectively reduce overvoltage;

[0041] Step S76: Record each step in step S71-step S75, sign the identity record such as the name of the inspector, store it in an independent storage space, and effectively store and protect the record.

[0042] The present invention provides a lightning protection device and process for a photovoltaic power station fixed with pile foundation on water, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] The advantages of the present invention are: first, by precisely arranging lightning protection devices and grounding devices, combined with a multi-level surge protection system, comprehensive lightning protection for the photovoltaic system is achieved, effectively reducing the risk of equipment damage and downtime caused by lightning;

[0044] Secondly, the floating structure, sliding connection, adjustable grounding device and other designs are adopted to ensure the stable operation of the equipment in the complex offshore environment and improve the reliability and service life of the system;

[0045] Furthermore, by rationally designing the lightning protection system, we can avoid over-protection and waste of resources, and reduce the construction cost of the photovoltaic power station. At the same time, through regular inspections and maintenance plans, we can reduce the maintenance frequency and failure rate, and reduce operating costs;

[0046] Finally, by recording and storing the data of each inspection in detail, a reliable basis is provided for the management and maintenance of the system, improving the overall management level and ensuring that problems can be quickly traced and resolved when they arise. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of photovoltaic system protection according to the present invention.

[0049] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the lightning protection device of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the grounding device of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the protection device of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 1-5In: 1-lightning arrester; 101-upper casing; 102-lightning rod; 103-limiting groove; 104-floating block; 105-lower casing; 106-limiting block; 2-down conductor; 201-conductive grid; 3-grounding device; 301-sleeve; 302-plug board; 303-plug rod; 304-lower pressure plate; 305-connector; 4-surge protection system; 401-first-level protection surge protector; 402-second-level protection surge protector; 403-third-level protection surge protector; 5-protection device; 501-protective cover; 502-guide wire; 6-photovoltaic system; 601-main distribution cabinet and main power supply; 602-distribution cabinet; 603-photovoltaic terminal. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0054] The disclosure below provides many different embodiments or examples to realize the different structures of the present application. In order to simplify the disclosure of the present application, the parts and settings of specific examples are described below. Of course, they are only examples, and the purpose is not to limit the present application. In addition, the present application can repeat reference numbers and / or reference letters in different examples, and this repetition is for the purpose of simplification and clarity, which itself does not indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed. In addition, the various specific processes and material examples provided by the present application, but those of ordinary skill in the art can appreciate the application of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0055] The embodiment of the present application provides a lightning protection device and process for a photovoltaic power station fixed on a water pile foundation. The lightning protection device and process for a photovoltaic power station fixed on a water pile foundation can be realized through the systematic design of lightning protection devices, grounding devices, surge protection systems and protective devices, as well as a complete lightning protection process flow, which effectively improves the safety and stability of the photovoltaic power station fixed on a water pile foundation in a lightning environment. The lightning protection device and process for a photovoltaic power station fixed on a water pile foundation are described in detail below. It should be noted that the description order of the following embodiments is not intended to limit the preferred order of the embodiments.

[0056] The present application is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. Figure 1-5In the embodiment, a lightning protection device for a water pile-based fixed photovoltaic power station is provided, comprising: a photovoltaic system 6, wherein the photovoltaic system 6 comprises a main distribution cabinet and a total power supply 601, a distribution cabinet 602 and a photovoltaic terminal 603; a lightning arrester 1, wherein a lightning rod 102 is arranged on the top of the lightning arrester 1 for guiding lightning for lightning protection; a down conductor 2, wherein a conductive mesh 201 is connected to the bottom of the down conductor 2, and the top of the down conductor 2 is connected to the lightning arrester 1; a grounding device 3, wherein the grounding device 3 is arranged at the bottom of the conductive mesh 201 for contacting the ground in the sea; a surge protection system 4, wherein the surge protection system 4 is distributed at various components in the photovoltaic system 6 for protecting the photovoltaic system 6 from surge impact; a protection device 5, wherein the protection device 5 is arranged on an element of the photovoltaic system 6 for conducting the outer shell and waterproofing the outer shell.

[0057] Furthermore, the lightning protection device 1 also includes: an upper sleeve 101, a lightning rod 102 is arranged on the top of the upper sleeve 101, floating blocks 104 are provided on both sides of the bottom of the upper sleeve 101, and the interior of the floating block 104 is hollowed out; a lower sleeve 105, the lower sleeve 105 is slidably connected to the bottom of the upper sleeve 101, a limiting groove 103 is opened inside the upper sleeve 101, and limiting blocks 106 are provided on both sides of the lower sleeve 105, and the limiting blocks 106 are slidably connected to the limiting groove 103; the upper sleeve 101 and the lower sleeve 105 are both made of stainless steel.

[0058] During use, the lightning arrester 1 is installed at various designated locations of the photovoltaic power station. The lightning rod 102 is installed on the top of the upper casing 101 to guide the lightning current. During the installation process, the floating block 104 ensures that the lightning arrester can float up and down on the water surface, adapt to the water level changes, and always keep the lightning rod at the optimal height. The upper casing 101 and the lower casing 105 are slidably connected through the limit groove 103 and the limit block 106, allowing the upper and lower casings to slide relative to each other when the water surface fluctuates, ensuring that the lightning rod is always at the correct height. In this way, the design of the floating block 104 allows the lightning rod to always maintain the optimal height under different water level conditions, effectively guide the lightning current, and provide stable protection. At the same time, the sliding connection design of the upper and lower casings enhances the structural stability of the lightning arrester, so that it can operate stably for a long time in a complex marine environment, and the upper and lower casings made of stainless steel materials can have good corrosion resistance and conductivity.

[0059] Furthermore, the grounding device 3 further comprises: a sleeve 301, with multiple openings on both sides of the sleeve 301; two plug-in boards 302 slidably connected to the inside of the sleeve 301, with multiple plug-in rods 303 provided on the side of the plug-in board 302 away from the sleeve 301, and an arc-shaped lower pressing plate 304 provided on the top of the plug-in rod 303; a wiring head 305 slidably connected to the inside of the sleeve 301, and the top of the wiring head 305 is connected to the conductive mesh 201;

[0060] During use, the user can fix the sleeve 301 of the grounding device 3 on the seabed at the bottom of the conductive net 201, and at the same time connect the wiring head 305 to the top conductive net 201, push the bottom of the wiring head 305 into between the two plug-in boards 302, so that the connector will push the plug-in boards 302 on both sides to move toward both sides, and use the plug-in boards 302 inside the sliding connection sleeve to adjust their positions so that the plug-in rod 303 is inserted into the seabed soil to enhance the grounding effect, and the pressure of the soil on both sides will squeeze the arc-shaped lower pressure plate 304 downward to ensure grounding. The plug-in rod 303 is designed to ensure close contact with the seabed, enhance the stability of the grounding device, provide the ability to be deeply inserted into the seabed through the design of the plug-in rod 303, enhance the grounding effect of the grounding device 3, ensure that the lightning current can be quickly introduced into the seabed, and utilize the adjustable design of the grounding device 3 to enable it to be quickly fixed and connected and adapt to different seabed environments, ensuring that the equipment can perform at its best under various conditions. The connection between the terminal 305 and the conductive grid 201 ensures the stability of the electrical path of the entire grounding system, avoiding lightning protection failure due to poor connection.

[0061] Further, the surge protection system 4 includes a primary protection surge protector 401, a secondary protection surge protector 402 and a tertiary protection surge protector 403, the primary protection surge protector 401 is arranged at the connection end between the main power distribution cabinet and the main power supply 601, the secondary protection surge protector 402 is arranged at the connection end of the power distribution cabinet 602, and the tertiary protection surge protector 403 is arranged at the connection end of the photovoltaic terminal 603;

[0062] During use, a primary protection surge protector 401 is installed between the main distribution cabinet and the main power supply 601 to absorb the initial lightning overvoltage, and a secondary protection surge protector 402 is installed between each distribution cabinet 602 to further reduce the residual overvoltage after passing through the primary protector. Finally, a tertiary protection surge protector 403 is installed at the photovoltaic terminal 603 to provide final overvoltage protection for the photovoltaic system. By using the hierarchical setting of primary, secondary and tertiary surge protectors, a multi-level protection is formed to gradually reduce the lightning overvoltage and ensure the safety of the photovoltaic system. At the same time, the anti-surge system covers all key nodes of the power system, from the main power supply to the photovoltaic terminal, providing comprehensive lightning protection to prevent the overvoltage caused by lightning from damaging the equipment. The multi-level protection design effectively disperses the energy of the lightning overvoltage and improves the operating stability and reliability of the photovoltaic power station in lightning weather.

[0063] Furthermore, the protection device 5 includes a protective cover 501 and a guide wire 502. The protective cover 501 is sleeved on the outer surface of each component in the photovoltaic system 6, and the guide wire 502 is arranged inside the protective cover 501. The guide wire 502 is made of copper material. During use, the protective cover 501 is installed on the outer surface of each component in the photovoltaic system 6 to ensure that all exposed electronic components are covered. At the same time, the guide wire 502 is arranged inside the protective cover and connected to the conductive mesh 201 to ensure that the current can be safely guided to the ground through the guide wire, and to ensure that the protective cover fits tightly with each component of the photovoltaic system to prevent moisture from entering. At the same time, the protective cover has good conductivity. The protective cover not only provides waterproof protection, but also realizes the conductive function through the internal guide wire to prevent the current from concentrating on a certain point when lightning strikes, thereby reducing the risk of damage. The copper guide wire is used to ensure good conductivity, and the current can be quickly guided to the conductive mesh 201 when lightning strikes, thereby reducing the impact on the internal components of the equipment.

[0064] A lightning protection process for a photovoltaic power station fixed with pile foundation on water, using lightning protection equipment for a photovoltaic power station fixed with pile foundation on water, the process includes the following processes:

[0065] Step S1. Enter the design stage, evaluate the surrounding lightning risks in the early stage of design, and select an appropriate amount of lightning arresters 1 and grounding devices 3 to form a lightning protection system;

[0066] Step S2, according to the number of lightning arresters 1 determined in step S1, the lightning arresters 1 are placed on the sea surface, and the characteristics of the floating blocks 104 are utilized to enable them to rise and fall along the horizontal plane;

[0067] Step S3, laying the conductive mesh 201 on the seabed, and connecting the lightning protection device 1 to the conductive mesh 201 by using the down conductor 2;

[0068] Step S4, according to the number of grounding devices 3 determined in step S1, the grounding devices 3 are fixed on the seabed, and a quick plug connection is completed through the plug rods 303 on both sides, and the fixing is completed;

[0069] Step S5, connecting the primary protection surge protector 401, the secondary protection surge protector 402 and the tertiary protection surge protector 403 to the main distribution cabinet and the main power supply 601, the distribution cabinet 602 and the photovoltaic terminal 603 respectively for protective connection;

[0070] Step S6, the protection device 5 is installed on the outside of each component in the photovoltaic system 6, and the protection device 5 can be used to protect and conduct electricity to each component in the photovoltaic system 6, and guide a large amount of current to the conductive grid 201;

[0071] Step S7, regularly inspect and record the entire photovoltaic system 6, the lightning protection device 1, the grounding device 3, the surge protection system 4 and the protection device 5 to prevent them from being damaged.

[0072] Furthermore, step S1 also includes:

[0073] Step S11, collecting historical lightning strike data, meteorological conditions and geographical environment information of a preset area of ​​a photovoltaic power station;

[0074] Step S12, analyzing the collected data, making statistics on the lightning strike intensity, cumulative frequency and distribution, and distinguishing high-frequency lightning strike areas, low-frequency lightning strike areas and no lightning strike areas;

[0075] Step S13, designing the multiple lightning strike zones divided in step S12, wherein a lightning arrester 1 is designed for every 16 m2 in the high-frequency lightning strike zone, a lightning arrester 1 is designed for every 64 m2 in the low-frequency lightning strike zone, and a lightning arrester 1 is designed for every 256 m2 in the no-lightning strike zone;

[0076] Step S14 , integrating and calculating the areas of the plurality of lightning protection devices 1 , designing a conductive mesh 201 that matches the overall distribution area of ​​the lightning protection devices 1 , and designing a grounding device 3 for every 32 m2 at the bottom of the conductive mesh 201 .

[0077] Through the process of step S1 above, by collecting and analyzing historical lightning strike data as well as meteorological and geographical environment information, lightning protection devices can be accurately arranged according to lightning risks to optimize the protection effect. By distinguishing high-frequency lightning strike areas, low-frequency lightning strike areas and lightning-free areas, excessive protection is avoided, ensuring reasonable allocation of resources, and effectively reducing construction costs. Finally, lightning protection devices and grounding devices are densely arranged in high lightning strike frequency areas to ensure that lightning current can be quickly introduced into the underground and reduce the risk of equipment damage.

[0078] Furthermore, step S3 also includes:

[0079] Step S31, selecting a conductive mesh 201 of appropriate length and width according to design requirements;

[0080] Step S32, laying the conductive mesh flat on the seabed to ensure that it is in close contact with the seabed to avoid loosening or displacement;

[0081] Step S33, select a down conductor 2 of appropriate length to ensure that the lightning protection device 1 can be connected to the conductive grid 201 to complete the connection.

[0082] In the process of step S3 above, by selecting the appropriate length and width of the conductive mesh, ensuring that the conductive mesh is in close contact with the seabed, avoiding poor conductivity due to displacement or loosening, improving the overall stability and protection effect of the system, and by correctly connecting the down conductor with the lightning protection device and the conductive mesh, ensuring that the lightning current can be quickly and safely conducted to the ground, avoiding damage to other components of the photovoltaic system.

[0083] Furthermore, step S5 also includes:

[0084] Step S51, select a suitable position between the main power distribution cabinet and the main power supply 601 to install the primary protection surge protector 401;

[0085] Step S52, connecting the primary protection surge protector 401 to the connection point between the main power distribution cabinet and the main power supply 601 to ensure that the initial lightning overvoltage can be effectively absorbed;

[0086] Step S53, select a suitable location between the power distribution cabinets 602 to install the secondary protection surge protector 402;

[0087] Step S54, connecting the secondary protection surge protector 402 between each power distribution cabinet to further reduce the lightning overvoltage;

[0088] Step S55, selecting a suitable location near the photovoltaic terminal 603 to install the third-level protection surge protector 403;

[0089] Step S56: Connect the third-level protection surge protector 403 to the photovoltaic terminal 603 to provide final overvoltage protection and ensure the safety of the photovoltaic system.

[0090] Through the process of step S5 above, by installing primary, secondary and tertiary surge protectors at different locations, a multi-level protection system is formed, lightning overvoltage is gradually reduced, and sensitive equipment in the photovoltaic system is effectively protected. The design of the graded protector improves the lightning resistance of the entire system, ensuring that the photovoltaic system can operate safely and stably even in areas with frequent lightning activities. At the same time, through the precise layout of the surge protector, the impact of overvoltage on power equipment is reduced, the service life of the equipment is extended, and the maintenance and replacement costs are reduced.

[0091] Furthermore, step S7 also includes:

[0092] Step S71, design a regular inspection period, with a quick inspection once a week, a standard inspection once a month, an in-depth inspection once a quarter, and a thorough inspection once a year. The thorough inspection includes all the following processes, while the quick inspection, standard inspection, and in-depth inspection select key items for inspection;

[0093] Step S72: first inspect the lightning protection device 1, first check the physical characteristics of the lightning protection device 1, including whether there is physical damage and corrosion, and record them by taking photos;

[0094] Step S73, visually inspect the conductive mesh 201 to determine the integrity of the conductive mesh 201, ensure that it is not broken or damaged, and take photos to record;

[0095] Step S74, check the surge protector, visually check the appearance of the primary, secondary and tertiary surge protectors to ensure that they are not burned, melted or otherwise obviously damaged, and check the connection terminals of the surge protectors to ensure that the connection is firm and not loose or falling off;

[0096] Step S75: Perform lightning withstand voltage monitoring, use a conduction tester to detect the conductivity of the lightning arrester to ensure that the lightning current can be smoothly transmitted to the conductive network, and use a surge protector tester to simulate lightning overvoltage, test the response capability and protection performance of the surge protector, and measure the residual voltage of the surge protector to ensure that it meets the design requirements and can effectively reduce overvoltage;

[0097] Step S76: Record each step in step S71-step S75, sign the identity record such as the name of the inspector, store it in an independent storage space, and effectively store and protect the record.

[0098] After the process of step S7 above, by designing a regular inspection plan including quick inspection, standard inspection, in-depth inspection and thorough inspection, potential problems can be discovered in time, system failures can be prevented, and the stability and reliability of system operation can be improved. By regularly checking the physical state and performance of lightning arresters, conductive grids and surge protectors, it is ensured that all components are in the best working condition and the risks caused by equipment failure are reduced. Through lightning withstand voltage monitoring, the lightning protection capability of the system can be evaluated in real time to ensure that the lightning arresters and surge protectors can effectively cope with lightning shocks. Finally, by recording and storing the results of each inspection in detail, the integrity and traceability of the data can be ensured, providing a reliable basis for subsequent maintenance and improvement, and effectively improving the system management level.

[0099] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0100] The above is a detailed introduction to a lightning protection device and process for a water pile foundation fixed photovoltaic power station provided in an embodiment of the present application. This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the technical solution and its core idea of ​​the present application; ordinary technicians in this field should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solution deviate from the scope of the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A lightning protection device for a photovoltaic power station fixed with pile foundation on water, characterized in that: include: A photovoltaic system (6), wherein the photovoltaic system (6) internally comprises a main distribution cabinet and a main power supply (601), a distribution cabinet (602) and a photovoltaic terminal (603); A lightning protection device (1), wherein a lightning rod (102) is provided on the top of the lightning protection device (1) for guiding lightning for lightning protection; A down conductor (2), wherein the bottom of the down conductor (2) is connected to a conductive mesh (201), and the top of the down conductor (2) is connected to the lightning protection device (1); A grounding device (3), the grounding device (3) being arranged at the bottom of the conductive net (201) and used for contacting the ground in the sea; An anti-surge system (4), the anti-surge system (4) being distributed and arranged at various components in the photovoltaic system (6) and used for protecting the photovoltaic system (6) from surge impact; A protective device (5), the protective device (5) is arranged on the photovoltaic system (6) element and is used for providing conductive and waterproof protection for the outer shell.

2. The lightning protection device for a photovoltaic power station fixed with pile foundation on water according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The lightning protection device (1) further comprises: An upper casing (101), the lightning rod (102) is arranged on the top of the upper casing (101), floating blocks (104) are arranged on both sides of the bottom of the upper casing (101), and the interior of the floating block (104) is arranged in a hollow structure; A lower sleeve (105), wherein the lower sleeve (105) is slidably connected to the bottom of the upper sleeve (101), a limiting groove (103) is provided inside the upper sleeve (101), and limiting blocks (106) are provided on both sides of the lower sleeve (105), and the limiting blocks (106) are slidably connected to the limiting groove (103); The upper sleeve (101) and the lower sleeve (105) are both made of stainless steel.

3. The lightning protection device for a photovoltaic power station fixed with pile foundation on water according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The grounding device (3) further comprises: A sleeve (301), wherein a plurality of openings are formed on both sides of the sleeve (301); Two plug-in boards (302) are slidably connected to the inside of the sleeve (301); a plurality of plug-in rods (303) are provided on the side of the plug-in board (302) away from the sleeve (301); and an arc-shaped lower pressing plate (304) is provided on the top of the plug-in rods (303); A wiring head (305) is slidably connected to the inside of the sleeve (301), and the top of the wiring head (305) is connected to the conductive mesh (201).

4. The lightning protection device for a photovoltaic power station fixed with pile foundation on water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surge protection system (4) comprises a primary protection surge protector (401), a secondary protection surge protector (402) and a tertiary protection surge protector (403); the primary protection surge protector (401) is arranged at a connection end between the main power distribution cabinet and a main power supply (601); the secondary protection surge protector (402) is arranged at a connection end of the power distribution cabinet (602); and the tertiary protection surge protector (403) is arranged at a connection end of the photovoltaic terminal (603).

5. The lightning protection device for a photovoltaic power station fixed with pile foundation on water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection device (5) comprises a protection cover (501) and a guide wire (502); the protection cover (501) is sleeved on the outer surface of each element in the photovoltaic system (6); the guide wire (502) is arranged inside the protection cover (501); and the guide wire (502) is made of copper material.

6. A lightning protection process for a water-based pile-based fixed photovoltaic power station, characterized in that: The above-water pile-based fixed photovoltaic power station lightning protection device described in any one of claims 1 to 5 is adopted, and the process includes the following process: Step S1. Entering the design stage, the surrounding lightning risk is evaluated in the early stage of the design, and an appropriate amount of lightning arresters (1) and grounding devices (3) are selected to form a lightning protection system; Step S2, according to the number of lightning protection devices (1) determined in step S1, the lightning protection devices (1) are placed on the sea surface, and the characteristics of the floating blocks (104) are used to enable them to rise and fall along the horizontal plane; Step S3, laying the conductive net (201) on the seabed, and connecting the lightning protection device (1) to the conductive net (201) using the down conductor (2); Step S4, according to the number of grounding devices (3) determined in step S1, the grounding devices (3) are fixed on the seabed, and a quick plug-in connection is completed through the plug-in rods (303) on both sides, and the fixing is completed; Step S5, connecting the primary protection surge protector (401), the secondary protection surge protector (402) and the tertiary protection surge protector (403) to the main distribution cabinet and the main power supply (601), the distribution cabinet (602) and the photovoltaic terminal (603) respectively for protective connection; Step S6, fitting the protection device (5) on the outside of each component in the photovoltaic system (6), and utilizing the protection device (5) to protect and conduct electricity to each component in the photovoltaic system (6), and to guide a large amount of current to the conductive mesh (201); Step S7: Regularly inspect and record the entire photovoltaic system (6), the lightning protection device (1), the grounding device (3), the surge protection system (4) and the protection device (5) to prevent them from being damaged.

7. The lightning protection process for a water-based pile-based fixed photovoltaic power station according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The step S1 also includes: Step S11, collecting historical lightning strike data, meteorological conditions and geographical environment information of a preset area of ​​a photovoltaic power station; Step S12, analyzing the collected data, making statistics on the lightning strike intensity, cumulative frequency and distribution, and distinguishing high-frequency lightning strike areas, low-frequency lightning strike areas and no lightning strike areas; Step S13, designing the multiple lightning strike zones divided in step S12, wherein a lightning arrester (1) is designed for every 16 m2 in the high-frequency lightning strike zone, a lightning arrester (1) is designed for every 64 m2 in the low-frequency lightning strike zone, and a lightning arrester (1) is designed for every 256 m2 in the no-lightning strike zone; Step S14, integrating and calculating the areas of the plurality of lightning protection devices (1), designing a conductive mesh (201) that conforms to the overall distribution area of ​​the lightning protection devices (1), and designing a grounding device (3) for every 32 m2 at the bottom of the conductive mesh (201).

8. The lightning protection process for a water-based pile-based fixed photovoltaic power station according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step S3 also includes: Step S31, selecting a conductive mesh (201) of appropriate length and width according to design requirements; Step S32, laying the conductive mesh flat on the seabed to ensure that it is in close contact with the seabed to avoid loosening or displacement; Step S33, select a down conductor (2) of appropriate length to ensure that the lightning protection device (1) can be connected to the conductive grid (201), thereby completing the connection.

9. The lightning protection process for a water-based pile-based fixed photovoltaic power station according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step S5 also includes: Step S51, select a suitable position between the main power distribution cabinet and the main power supply (601) to install a primary protection surge protector (401); Step S52, connecting the primary protection surge protector (401) to the connection point between the main distribution cabinet and the main power supply (601) to ensure that the initial lightning overvoltage can be effectively absorbed; Step S53, selecting a suitable location between the power distribution cabinets (602) to install the secondary protection surge protector (402); Step S54, connecting the secondary protection surge protector (402) between each power distribution cabinet to further reduce the lightning overvoltage; Step S55, selecting a suitable location near the photovoltaic terminal (603) to install a third-level protection surge protector (403); Step S56: Connect the third-level protection surge protector (403) to the photovoltaic terminal (603) to provide final overvoltage protection.

10. The lightning protection process for a water-based pile-based fixed photovoltaic power station according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step S7 also includes: Step S71, design a regular inspection period, with a quick inspection once a week, a standard inspection once a month, an in-depth inspection once a quarter, and a thorough inspection once a year. The thorough inspection includes all the following processes, while the quick inspection, standard inspection, and in-depth inspection select key items for inspection; Step S72: first inspect the lightning protection device (1), first check the physical characteristics of the lightning protection device (1), including whether there is physical damage and corrosion, and record them by taking photos; Step S73, visually inspect the conductive mesh (201) to determine the integrity of the conductive mesh (201), ensure that it is not broken or damaged, and take photos to record; Step S74, inspecting the surge protector by visually inspecting the appearance of the primary, secondary and tertiary surge protectors; Step S75: Perform lightning withstand voltage monitoring, use a conduction tester to detect the conductivity of the lightning arrester to ensure that the lightning current can be smoothly transmitted to the conductive network, and use a surge protector tester to simulate lightning overvoltage, test the response capability and protection performance of the surge protector, and measure the residual voltage of the surge protector; Step S76: Record each step in step S71 to step S75, sign the identity record such as the name of the inspector, and store it in an independent storage space.

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