Multi-physical-quantity integrated sensor of power transmission line

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power grids, and provides a multi-physical-quantity integrated sensor of a power transmission line, which comprises an energy taking module, a voltage stabilizing module, an intelligent load switching module, a load, a microcontroller and an energy storage capacitor. The energy taking module is used for realizing one or more of photovoltaic energy taking, CT energy taking, electric field energy taking and vibration energy taking; a self-adaptive power consumption scheduling mechanism is built in the voltage stabilization module, and the voltage stabilization module is used for dynamically and intelligently adjusting an energy supply strategy according to the real-time power consumption requirement of the load, the current environment condition and the self-adaptive power consumption scheduling mechanism, generating a corresponding signal and sending the signal to the voltage stabilization module; the microcontroller is used for regulating and controlling the energy storage capacitor according to the signal sent by the voltage stabilizing module; and the intelligent load switching module is used for controlling the multi-physical-quantity integrated sensor to switch the operation mode according to the voltage of the energy taking module by monitoring the voltage of the energy taking module, so that the multi-physical-quantity integrated sensor keeps the optimal performance and energy consumption balance in different operation states. The multi-physical-quantity integrated sensor can operate efficiently, stably and reliably.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of power grid technology, and in particular to a multi-physical quantity integrated sensor for power transmission lines. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous increase in the coverage of power grid construction, the total mileage of transmission lines has gradually increased. They are characterized by large scale, long distance, and wide distribution area. They are usually distributed in remote areas and have a relatively harsh operating environment. Natural disasters such as wildfires and landslides damage the normal operation of overhead transmission lines. At the same time, there is also the risk of external force damage caused by construction machinery, overheight vehicles, wildfires, etc. The traditional method of manual line patrol has the problems of high labor intensity and low work efficiency, and the timeliness of responding to sudden external force damage events is poor. The power system is developing in the direction of intelligence and efficiency. As a key link in power transmission, the importance of operating status monitoring and safety assurance of transmission lines is becoming increasingly prominent. Traditional monitoring methods often have problems such as single monitoring parameters, low accuracy, and poor real-time performance, which are difficult to meet the needs of modern power grids for safe, reliable, and economical operation. Therefore, it is of great practical significance and broad application prospects to study the multi-physical integrated sensor technology of transmission lines to realize comprehensive, accurate, and real-time monitoring of multiple parameters of transmission lines. At present, multi-physical quantity integrated sensors face the following challenges:

[0003] The energy collection of self-energy devices is limited by a variety of environments, such as: photovoltaic energy collection is limited by light resources and regional climate and weather conditions; CT energy collection is limited by conductor current, electric field energy collection is limited by the characteristics of the electric field itself, and vibration energy collection is limited by the vibration and dancing of the conductor. The multi-physical quantity integrated sensor for transmission lines is designed to achieve a series of complex and critical functions, including but not limited to accurate current monitoring, real-time tracking of temperature and humidity environment, fault recording to capture abnormal events, sag monitoring, vibration and dancing monitoring, image recognition functions for remote monitoring and fault prediction, and air pressure monitoring. The integration of these functions has greatly improved the level of intelligent management of transmission lines, but at the same time it has also put forward extremely high requirements on data transmission and processing systems, and increased the operating power consumption of the device. Poor energy collection conditions may cause abnormal operation of the device.

[0004] Therefore, how to solve the above technical problems and enable the multi-physical quantity sensors of the transmission lines to operate efficiently, stably and reliably is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] In response to the above technical problems, the purpose of this application is to provide a multi-physical quantity integrated sensor for transmission lines with multi-source energy acquisition and adaptive matching, aiming to solve the technical problems mentioned in the above background technology and enable the multi-physical quantity sensor for transmission lines to operate efficiently, stably and reliably.

[0006] The present application provides a multi-physical quantity integrated sensor for a power transmission line, comprising:

[0007] An energy acquisition module, a voltage stabilizing module, an intelligent load switching module, a load, a microcontroller and an energy storage capacitor; the energy acquisition module, the voltage stabilizing module, the intelligent load switching module and the load are connected in sequence; the energy acquisition module, the voltage stabilizing module, the microcontroller and the energy storage capacitor are connected in sequence;

[0008] The energy acquisition module is used to realize one or more of photovoltaic energy acquisition, CT energy acquisition, electric field energy acquisition and vibration energy acquisition;

[0009] The energy storage capacitor is used to store and release electrical energy;

[0010] The voltage stabilization module has a built-in adaptive power consumption scheduling mechanism, and the voltage stabilization module is used to dynamically and intelligently adjust the energy supply strategy according to the real-time power consumption demand of the load, the current environmental conditions and the adaptive power consumption scheduling mechanism, and generate a corresponding signal according to the energy supply strategy and send it to the microcontroller;

[0011] The microcontroller is used to regulate the energy storage capacitor according to the signal sent by the voltage stabilization module;

[0012] The intelligent load switching module is used to control the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor to switch the operating mode according to the voltage of the energy acquisition module by monitoring the voltage of the energy acquisition module, so that it can maintain the optimal performance and energy consumption balance under different operating conditions;

[0013] The load includes sensors and / or other electronic devices.

[0014] Furthermore, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor of the transmission line also includes a first intelligent protection module, which is arranged between the energy acquisition module and the voltage stabilizing module; the first intelligent protection module is used to monitor the working status of the energy acquisition module in real time, and cut off the energy acquisition module when it is detected that the energy acquisition module is in a faulty or abnormal working state.

[0015] Furthermore, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor of the transmission line also includes a second intelligent protection module, which is arranged between the voltage stabilization module and the intelligent load switching module; the second intelligent protection module is used to complete the electric energy discharge through intelligent control means when the energy storage capacitor is in a fully charged state and the energy extraction capacity is greater than the load consumption.

[0016] Furthermore, the microcontroller is used to regulate the energy storage capacitor according to the signal sent by the voltage stabilization module, including:

[0017] When it is detected that the voltage of the energy harvesting module cannot maintain the normal operation of the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor, the voltage regulation module generates an energy supply strategy according to its built-in adaptive power consumption scheduling mechanism;

[0018] The voltage regulation module generates a corresponding signal according to the energy supply strategy and sends it to the microcontroller;

[0019] The microcontroller starts an intelligent scheduling mechanism according to the signal sent by the voltage regulation module, regulates the energy storage capacitor, and enables the energy storage capacitor to cooperate with the energy harvesting module to provide stable power for the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor.

[0020] Furthermore, the intelligent load switching module is used to control the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor to switch its operating mode according to the voltage of the energy harvesting module by monitoring the voltage of the energy harvesting module, so that it maintains the optimal performance and energy consumption balance in different operating states, including:

[0021] Monitor the voltage of the energy harvesting module. When it is detected that the voltage of the energy harvesting module is within the range of V1 to V2, control the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor to operate in the first operating mode;

[0022] When it is detected that the voltage of the energy harvesting module is within the range of V2 to V3, control the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor to operate in the second operating mode;

[0023] When it is detected that the voltage of the energy harvesting module is within the range of V3 to V4, control the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor to operate in the third operating mode;

[0024] When it is detected that the voltage of the energy harvesting module is greater than V4, control the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor to operate in the fourth operating mode; where V1 < V2 < V3 < V4; V1 represents the first voltage threshold, V2 represents the second voltage threshold, V3 represents the third voltage threshold, V4 represents the fourth voltage threshold, the power consumption of the first operating mode is less than that of the second operating mode, the power consumption of the second operating mode is less than that of the third operating mode, and the power consumption of the third operating mode is less than that of the fourth operating mode.

[0025] Furthermore, the intelligent load switching module is used to control the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor to switch its operating mode according to the voltage of the energy harvesting module by monitoring the voltage of the energy harvesting module, so that it maintains the optimal performance and energy consumption balance in different operating states, including:

[0026] Monitor the voltage of the energy acquisition module. When the voltage of the energy acquisition module rises by more than Vi+Δ1, switch from a lower power consumption mode to a higher power consumption mode. When the voltage drops by more than Vi-Δ2, and the duration Δt exceeds a preset duration, switch from a higher power consumption mode to a lower power consumption mode. Wherein, Vi represents the i-th voltage threshold; n represents the number of voltage thresholds; Δ1 represents the allowable deviation of voltage rise; Δ2 represents the allowable deviation of voltage drop.

[0027] Further, the voltage of the energy acquisition module is monitored, and when the voltage of the energy acquisition module rises by more than Vi+Δ1, the low power consumption mode is switched to the high power consumption mode; when the voltage drops by more than Vi-Δ2, and the duration Δt exceeds a preset duration, the high power consumption mode is switched to the low power consumption mode, including:

[0028] Monitor the voltage of the energy acquisition module. When it is detected that the voltage of the energy acquisition module drops below V1, the energy storage capacitor intervenes in the power supply process, so that the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor can maintain normal operation in the first operating mode; when the voltage of the energy acquisition module rises to V1 and does not exceed V1+Δ1, the energy acquisition module is used to supply power alone, and the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor maintains operation in the first operating mode;

[0029] When the voltage of the energy acquisition module rises from a low voltage to V2+Δ1, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor maintains working in the first operating mode; when the voltage of the energy acquisition module rises to V2+Δ1, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor switches to the second operating mode; if the voltage of the energy acquisition module starts to drop until it drops to V2-Δ2, and the holding time Δt is greater than the preset time, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor switches to the first operating mode;

[0030] Before the voltage of the energy acquisition module rises to V3+Δ1, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor maintains working in the second operating mode; when the voltage of the energy acquisition module rises to V3+Δ1, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor switches to the third operating mode; if the voltage of the energy acquisition module starts to drop until it drops to V3-Δ2, and the holding time Δt is greater than the preset time length, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor switches to the second operating mode;

[0031] Before the voltage of the energy harvesting module rises to V4 + Δ1, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor remains in the third operating mode; when the voltage of the energy harvesting module rises to V4 + Δ1, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor switches to the fourth operating mode. Within the voltage range that the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor can withstand, as the voltage rises, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor remains in the fourth operating mode; if the voltage of the energy harvesting module starts to drop until it reaches V4 - Δ2 and the holding time Δt is greater than the preset duration, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor switches to the third operating mode; where V1 < V2 < V3 < V4; V1 represents the first voltage threshold; V2 represents the second voltage threshold; V3 represents the third voltage threshold; the power consumption of the first operating mode is less than that of the second operating mode, the power consumption of the second operating mode is less than that of the third operating mode, and the power consumption of the third operating mode is less than that of the fourth operating mode.

[0032] Furthermore, the first operating mode realizes current monitoring and temperature and humidity monitoring, the second operating mode realizes current monitoring, temperature and humidity monitoring, vibration and dancing monitoring, and air pressure monitoring, the third operating mode realizes current monitoring, temperature and humidity monitoring, vibration and dancing monitoring, air pressure monitoring, fault recording, and image recognition; the fourth operating mode realizes current monitoring, temperature and humidity monitoring, vibration and dancing monitoring, air pressure monitoring, fault recording, image recognition, and sag monitoring.

[0033] Furthermore, the first voltage threshold is equal to 3.4V, the second voltage threshold is equal to 3.5V, the third voltage threshold is equal to 3.6V, and the fourth voltage threshold is equal to 3.8V.

[0034] Furthermore, the first voltage threshold is equal to 3.4V, the second voltage threshold is equal to 3.5V, the third voltage threshold is equal to 3.6V, the fourth voltage threshold is equal to 3.8V, Δ1 is equal to 0.02V, Δ2 is equal to 0.04V, and Δt is equal to 5s.

[0035] The energy acquisition module of the present application improves the flexibility and reliability of energy acquisition by integrating multiple energy acquisition methods, and can select the most suitable energy acquisition method under different environmental conditions. The built-in adaptive power consumption scheduling mechanism of the voltage stabilization module can dynamically and intelligently adjust the energy supply strategy according to the real-time power consumption requirements of the load and the current environmental conditions. The microcontroller regulates the energy storage capacitor according to the signal sent by the voltage stabilization module, thereby enhancing the reliability and stability of the power supply. The intelligent load switching module dynamically adjusts the operating mode according to the voltage of the energy acquisition module, which helps to maintain the optimal performance and energy consumption balance of the system under different operating conditions, improves the overall operating efficiency of the system, and further enhances the stability and reliability of the system. In summary, in a complex and changeable operating environment, the multi-physical quantity sensor for the transmission line provided by the present application can operate efficiently, stably and reliably. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, the drawings required for use in the implementation manner will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some implementation manners of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-physical quantity integrated sensor for a power transmission line provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-physical quantity integrated sensor for a power transmission line provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-physical quantity integrated sensor for a power transmission line provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the operation mode conversion of the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor of the transmission line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0042] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless expressly stated, the singular forms "a", "an", "above", and "the" used herein may also include plural forms. It should be further understood that the term "comprising" used in the specification of the present application refers to the presence of features, integers, steps, operations, elements, modules, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, modules, components, and / or groups thereof. It should be understood that when we refer to an element as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it may be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or there may be an intermediate element. In addition, the "connection" or "coupling" used herein may include wireless connection or wireless coupling. The term "and / or" used herein includes all or any module and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0043] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have meanings consistent with those in the context of the prior art, and will not be interpreted with idealized or overly formal meanings unless specifically defined as here.

[0044] See also Figure 1 The embodiment of the present application provides a multi-physical quantity integrated sensor for a power transmission line, comprising:

[0045] An energy acquisition module, a voltage stabilizing module, an intelligent load switching module, a load, a microcontroller and an energy storage capacitor; the energy acquisition module, the voltage stabilizing module, the intelligent load switching module and the load are connected in sequence; the energy acquisition module, the voltage stabilizing module, the microcontroller and the energy storage capacitor are connected in sequence;

[0046] The energy acquisition module is used to realize one or more of photovoltaic energy acquisition, CT energy acquisition, electric field energy acquisition and vibration energy acquisition;

[0047] The energy storage capacitor is used to store and release electrical energy;

[0048] The voltage stabilization module has a built-in adaptive power consumption scheduling mechanism, and the voltage stabilization module is used to dynamically and intelligently adjust the energy supply strategy according to the real-time power consumption demand of the load, the current environmental conditions and the adaptive power consumption scheduling mechanism, and generate a corresponding signal according to the energy supply strategy and send it to the microcontroller;

[0049] The microcontroller is used to regulate the energy storage capacitor according to the signal sent by the voltage stabilization module;

[0050] The intelligent load switching module is used to control the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor to switch the operating mode according to the voltage of the energy acquisition module by monitoring the voltage of the energy acquisition module, so that it can maintain the optimal performance and energy consumption balance under different operating conditions;

[0051] The load includes sensors and / or other electronic devices.

[0052] In the embodiment of the present application, specifically, the energy acquisition module includes a photovoltaic energy acquisition submodule, a CT energy acquisition submodule, an electric field energy acquisition submodule and a vibration energy acquisition submodule. The energy acquisition module integrates four advanced energy acquisition technologies-photovoltaic energy acquisition, CT energy acquisition, electric field energy acquisition and vibration energy acquisition, each of which can effectively capture and convert energy from the surrounding environment into electrical energy. The user can flexibly select the most suitable single energy acquisition method or combine multiple energy acquisition methods according to the specific conditions and needs of the site to maximize energy utilization efficiency and reliability. It should be understood that the energy acquisition module is a power supply module. The voltage stabilizing module has a built-in adaptive power consumption scheduling mechanism, and the voltage stabilizing module is used to dynamically and intelligently adjust the energy supply strategy according to the real-time power consumption requirements of the load and the current environmental conditions (the current environmental conditions such as the voltage of the energy acquisition module). The core of the adaptive power consumption scheduling mechanism is that it has the ability to distinguish priorities, so that in the case of limited energy resources, it can give priority to and fully meet the energy consumption requirements of key loads, thereby ensuring the stable operation and high efficiency of the entire system. The voltage stabilization module is also intended to ensure that the voltage in the circuit remains stable, thereby protecting the circuit elements from the influence of voltage fluctuations, ensuring the normal operation of the circuit and the stable performance of the equipment. After the voltage stabilization module adjusts the energy supply strategy, it will generate a corresponding signal and send it to the microcontroller. The microcontroller regulates the energy storage capacitor according to the signal to achieve intelligent management of the charging and discharging process of the energy storage capacitor, and ensure the stable operation and high efficiency of the entire system. The intelligent load switching module is used to control the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor to switch the operating mode according to the voltage of the energy acquisition module by monitoring the voltage of the energy acquisition module, so that it can maintain the optimal performance and energy consumption balance under different operating conditions. Specifically, according to the power supply situation and user needs, the sensor can flexibly adjust the operating status of its various functions to achieve dynamic adjustment of functional performance. For example, when the power supply is sufficient, the functions of all physical quantities can be started; when the power supply is tight, the monitoring of key physical quantities is prioritized, while reducing the accuracy of non-critical functions or temporarily shutting down some functions to ensure the stable operation of the overall system. The load includes sensors and / or other electronic devices, such as current sensors for current monitoring, temperature sensors for temperature and humidity monitoring, vibration monitoring devices for vibration monitoring, air pressure sensors for air pressure monitoring, fault recorders for fault recording, image recognition sensors for image recognition, and sag sensors for sag monitoring. It should be understood that the electronic device refers to a device composed of electronic components such as integrated circuits, transistors, and electron tubes, and uses electronic technology (including software) to function.

[0053] The energy acquisition module of the present application improves the flexibility and reliability of energy acquisition by integrating multiple energy acquisition methods, and can select the most suitable energy acquisition method under different environmental conditions. The built-in adaptive power consumption scheduling mechanism of the voltage stabilization module can dynamically and intelligently adjust the energy supply strategy according to the real-time power consumption requirements of the load and the current environmental conditions. The microcontroller regulates the energy storage capacitor according to the signal sent by the voltage stabilization module, thereby enhancing the reliability and stability of the power supply. The intelligent load switching module dynamically adjusts the operating mode according to the voltage of the energy acquisition module, which helps to maintain the optimal performance and energy consumption balance of the system under different operating conditions, improves the overall operating efficiency of the system, and further enhances the stability and reliability of the system. In summary, in a complex and changeable operating environment, the multi-physical quantity sensor for the transmission line provided by the present application can operate efficiently, stably and reliably.

[0054] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 As shown, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor of the transmission line also includes a first intelligent protection module, which is arranged between the energy acquisition module and the voltage stabilizing module; the first intelligent protection module is used to monitor the working status of the energy acquisition module in real time, and cut off the energy acquisition module when it is detected that the energy acquisition module is in a faulty or abnormal working state.

[0055] The first intelligent protection module of the embodiment of the present application monitors the working status of the energy acquisition module in real time, and cuts off the energy acquisition module when a fault or abnormality is detected, which helps to prevent system damage caused by a fault in the energy acquisition module.

[0056] In one embodiment, the first intelligent protection module is used to monitor the working status of the energy acquisition module in real time, and when it is detected that the energy acquisition module is in a faulty or abnormal working state, cutting off the energy acquisition module includes: when it is detected that the voltage or temperature of the energy acquisition module increases abnormally, or when it is detected that the internal resistance drops to 0, the first intelligent protection module cuts off the energy acquisition module.

[0057] In the embodiment of the present application, specifically, when it is detected that the voltage or temperature of the energy acquisition module increases abnormally, or when it is monitored that the internal resistance R drops to zero (i.e., an internal short circuit occurs) and other serious faults, the first intelligent protection module will cut off the connection between the energy acquisition module and the voltage stabilizing module, thereby effectively curbing the spread of the fault and ensuring the stability and safety of the overall circuit.

[0058] In one embodiment, if Figure 3 As shown, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor of the transmission line also includes a second intelligent protection module, which is arranged between the voltage stabilizing module and the intelligent load switching module; the second intelligent protection module is used to complete the electric energy discharge through intelligent control means when the energy storage capacitor is in a fully charged state and the energy extraction capacity is greater than the load consumption.

[0059] In the embodiment of the present application, the electric energy discharge is completed by intelligent control means, for example, one or more of a PWM chopper circuit, a clamping diode voltage limiting circuit, and a short-circuit discharge circuit are used to complete the electric energy discharge. The second intelligent protection module of the present application avoids the safety problems that may be caused by overcharging of the energy storage capacitor.

[0060] In one embodiment, the microcontroller is used to regulate the energy storage capacitor according to the signal sent by the voltage stabilization module, including:

[0061] When it is monitored that the voltage of the energy acquisition module cannot maintain the normal operation of the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor, the voltage stabilization module generates an energy supply strategy according to its built-in adaptive power consumption scheduling mechanism;

[0062] The voltage stabilization module generates a corresponding signal according to the energy supply strategy and sends it to the microcontroller;

[0063] The microcontroller starts the intelligent scheduling mechanism according to the signal sent by the voltage stabilizing module, and regulates the energy storage capacitor, so that the energy storage capacitor cooperates with the energy acquisition module to provide stable power for the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor.

[0064] In the embodiment of the present application, specifically, the voltage of the energy acquisition module is monitored (the energy acquisition module is a power supply module, so the voltage of the energy acquisition module is equivalent to the power supply voltage). When the voltage of the energy acquisition module is less than the preset minimum voltage, it is determined that the voltage of the energy acquisition module cannot maintain the normal operation of the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor. The voltage stabilizing module generates an energy supply strategy according to its built-in adaptive power consumption scheduling mechanism. The voltage stabilizing module generates a corresponding signal according to the energy supply strategy and sends it to the microcontroller. The microcontroller starts the intelligent scheduling mechanism according to the signal, and regulates the energy storage capacitor according to the analysis result of the signal, so that the energy storage capacitor cooperates with the energy acquisition module to provide stable power for the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor, ensuring that the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor starts smoothly and maintains stable operation. As the energy acquisition module can independently support the level of all power requirements of the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor, the microcontroller will accurately perform the switching operation according to the energy supply strategy regenerated by the voltage stabilizing module, seamlessly transition to the energy acquisition module's separate power supply mode, and at the same time guide the energy storage capacitor to safely exit the power supply state and enter the unidirectional charging mode by the energy acquisition module. This process not only enhances the reliability and stability of the power supply of multi-physical quantity integrated sensors, but also promotes the efficient use and precise allocation of energy based on intelligent energy management strategies, thus achieving the optimization of energy management.

[0065] In one embodiment, the intelligent load switching module is configured to control the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor to switch operating modes according to the voltage of the energy harvesting module by monitoring the voltage of the energy harvesting module, so as to maintain the optimal performance and energy consumption balance in different operating states, including:

[0066] Monitor the voltage of the energy harvesting module. When the monitored voltage of the energy harvesting module is within the range of V1 to V2, control the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor to operate in the first operating mode;

[0067] When the monitored voltage of the energy harvesting module is within the range of V2 to V3, control the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor to operate in the second operating mode;

[0068] When the monitored voltage of the energy harvesting module is within the range of V3 to V4, control the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor to operate in the third operating mode;

[0069] When the monitored voltage of the energy harvesting module is greater than V4, control the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor to operate in the fourth operating mode; where V1 < V2 < V3 < V4; V1 represents the first voltage threshold, V2 represents the second voltage threshold, V3 represents the third voltage threshold, V4 represents the fourth voltage threshold, the power consumption of the first operating mode is less than that of the second operating mode, the power consumption of the second operating mode is less than that of the third operating mode, and the power consumption of the third operating mode is less than that of the fourth operating mode.

[0070] In the embodiments of the present application, the operating mode with higher power consumption can run more functions. By designing different voltage thresholds and corresponding operating modes, the present application can adaptively switch the operating mode according to the voltage of the energy harvesting module, run different functions, and ensure the efficient and flexible operation of the system.

[0071] In one embodiment, the first voltage threshold is equal to 3.4V, the second voltage threshold is equal to 3.5V, the third voltage threshold is equal to 3.6V, and the fourth voltage threshold is equal to 3.8V.

[0072] The embodiment of the present application is aimed at the application requirements of the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor of the transmission line, and the voltage threshold is carefully set to adapt to different power consumption modes to ensure that the system operates efficiently and flexibly. In addition, the first operating mode is an ultra-low power consumption mode, the second operating mode is a low power consumption mode, the third operating mode is a normal power consumption mode, and the fourth operating mode is a full-function power consumption mode. The specific thresholds are set as follows: When the voltage is between V1=3.4V and V2=3.5V (inclusive), the system automatically switches to an ultra-low power consumption mode to maximize battery life or adapt to extreme energy-saving needs. As the voltage rises to between V2=3.5V and V3=3.6V (inclusive), the system switches to a low power consumption mode, balancing energy consumption and functional requirements, and is suitable for conventional monitoring tasks. When the voltage continues to rise to within the range of V3=3.6V to V4=3.8V (inclusive), the system enters a normal power consumption mode, which not only ensures the stable operation of the system, but also does not consume excessive energy, and is suitable for most conventional working environments. If the voltage exceeds V4>3.8V, the system is fully activated and enters full-function power consumption mode. At this time, all functions are in the optimal state, which is suitable for scenarios requiring high-performance monitoring or data processing.

[0073] In one embodiment, the intelligent load switching module is used to control the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor to switch the operating mode according to the voltage of the energy acquisition module by monitoring the voltage of the energy acquisition module, so that it maintains optimal performance and energy consumption balance under different operating states, including:

[0074] Monitor the voltage of the energy acquisition module. When the voltage of the energy acquisition module rises by more than Vi+Δ1, switch from a lower power consumption mode to a higher power consumption mode. When the voltage drops by more than Vi-Δ2, and the duration Δt exceeds a preset duration, switch from a higher power consumption mode to a lower power consumption mode. Wherein, Vi represents the i-th voltage threshold; n represents the number of voltage thresholds; Δ1 represents the allowable deviation of voltage rise; Δ2 represents the allowable deviation of voltage drop.

[0075] In the embodiment of the present application, in order to effectively deal with the voltage instability of the energy acquisition module and avoid the performance fluctuation or even failure risk caused by the frequent switching of the working mode of the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor near the voltage critical value, it is necessary to introduce an optimization scheme of the hysteresis control principle. This optimization scheme aims to set a reasonable voltage fluctuation tolerance range so that the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor can maintain the current operating mode within the range without being affected by slight voltage fluctuations. Specifically, Figure 4As shown, when the voltage of the energy acquisition module rises by more than Vi+Δ1, it switches from a low-level power consumption mode to a high-level power consumption mode; when the voltage drops by more than Vi-Δ2, and the duration Δt exceeds the preset duration, it switches from a high-level power consumption mode to a low-level power consumption mode. This design not only ensures that the multi-physical quantity sensor can still operate stably when the voltage of the energy acquisition module fluctuates, but also significantly reduces the performance degradation or system failure that may be caused by unnecessary operation mode switching, thereby comprehensively improving the stability and reliability of the system. In one embodiment, this scheme can be implemented by a hysteresis circuit. The key hysteresis function of the hysteresis circuit is mainly implemented by the MIC833 chip. As the core of the dual voltage threshold comparator, the chip has a built-in hysteresis design to effectively prevent jitter problems caused by slight voltage fluctuations. Specifically, when the input voltage fluctuates near the two set thresholds, the output state does not switch immediately, but requires the voltage to further deviate from the current threshold and reach another predetermined threshold point before the state transition is performed. This mechanism significantly enhances the system's immunity to slight voltage changes, helps maintain the stability and reliability of the system, and is an important measure to improve circuit performance.

[0076] In one embodiment, the voltage of the energy acquisition module is monitored, and when the voltage of the energy acquisition module rises by more than Vi+Δ1, the power consumption mode is switched from a lower power consumption mode to a higher power consumption mode; when the voltage drops by more than Vi-Δ2, and the duration Δt exceeds a preset duration, the power consumption mode is switched from a higher power consumption mode to a lower power consumption mode, including:

[0077] Monitor the voltage of the energy acquisition module. When it is detected that the voltage of the energy acquisition module drops below V1, the energy storage capacitor intervenes in the power supply process, so that the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor can maintain normal operation in the first operating mode; when the voltage of the energy acquisition module rises to V1 and does not exceed V1+Δ1, the energy acquisition module is used to supply power alone, and the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor maintains operation in the first operating mode;

[0078] When the voltage of the energy acquisition module rises from a low voltage to V2+Δ1, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor maintains working in the first operating mode; when the voltage of the energy acquisition module rises to V2+Δ1, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor switches to the second operating mode; if the voltage of the energy acquisition module starts to drop until it drops to V2-Δ2, and the holding time Δt is greater than the preset time, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor switches to the first operating mode;

[0079] Before the voltage of the energy harvesting module rises to V3+Δ1, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor remains operating in the second operating mode; when the voltage of the energy harvesting module rises to V3+Δ1, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor switches to operate in the third operating mode; if the voltage of the energy harvesting module starts to drop until it drops to V3-Δ2 and the holding time Δt is greater than the preset duration, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor switches to operate in the second operating mode;

[0080] Before the voltage of the energy harvesting module rises to V4+Δ1, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor remains operating in the third operating mode; when the voltage of the energy harvesting module rises to V4+Δ1, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor switches to operate in the fourth operating mode. Within the voltage range that the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor can withstand, as the voltage rises, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor still remains operating in the fourth operating mode; if the voltage of the energy harvesting module starts to drop until it drops to V4-Δ2 and the holding time Δt is greater than the preset duration, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor switches to operate in the third operating mode; where V1<V2<V3<V4; V1 represents the first voltage threshold; V2 represents the second voltage threshold; V3 represents the third voltage threshold; the power consumption of the first operating mode is less than that of the second operating mode, the power consumption of the second operating mode is less than that of the third operating mode, and the power consumption of the third operating mode is less than that of the fourth operating mode.

[0081] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the voltage of the energy harvesting module is monitored. When the voltage of the energy harvesting module drops below V1, the voltage of the energy harvesting module is not sufficient to maintain the normal operation of the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor. At this time, a collaborative power supply strategy is adopted, which integrates the functions of the energy harvesting module and the energy storage capacitor, enabling the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor to maintain normal operation in the first operating mode. Specifically, when the voltage of the energy harvesting module drops below V1, the energy storage capacitor will play its role of storing electrical energy. Through cumulative charging for a period of time, it can automatically intervene in the power supply process to ensure continuous power supply of the system. This design enables the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor to stably operate and emit effective signals even when the voltage of the transmission line is briefly or continuously low, thereby clearly indicating that the line is still energized, enhancing the reliability and monitoring ability of the system. In addition, the embodiment of the present application introduces a reasonable voltage fluctuation tolerance range, enabling the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor to maintain the current operating mode within this range without being affected by minor voltage fluctuations. This design not only ensures the stable operation of the multi-physical quantity sensor when the voltage of the energy harvesting module fluctuates, but also significantly reduces the performance degradation or system failures that may be caused by unnecessary operating mode switches, thus comprehensively improving the stability and reliability of the system.

[0082] In one embodiment, the first voltage threshold is equal to 3.4V, the second voltage threshold is equal to 3.5V, the third voltage threshold is equal to 3.6V, the fourth voltage threshold is equal to 3.8V, the Δ1 is equal to 0.02V, the Δ2 is equal to 0.04V, and the Δt is equal to 5s.

[0083] The embodiment of the present application aims at the application requirements of the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor of the transmission line, and ensures the efficient and flexible operation of the system by carefully setting the voltage threshold to adapt to different power consumption modes. In addition, the allowable deviation of voltage rise and the allowable deviation of voltage drop are carefully set, which not only ensures that the multi-physical quantity sensor can still operate stably when the voltage of the energy acquisition module fluctuates, but also significantly reduces the performance degradation or system failure that may be caused by unnecessary operation mode switching, thereby comprehensively improving the stability and reliability of the system.

[0084] In one embodiment, the first operating mode realizes current monitoring and temperature and humidity monitoring, the second operating mode realizes current monitoring, temperature and humidity monitoring, vibration and dancing monitoring and air pressure monitoring, the third operating mode realizes current monitoring, temperature and humidity monitoring, vibration and dancing monitoring, air pressure monitoring, fault recording and image recognition; the fourth operating mode realizes current monitoring, temperature and humidity monitoring, vibration and dancing monitoring, air pressure monitoring, fault recording, image recognition and sag monitoring.

[0085] In the embodiment of the present application, specifically, the first operating mode is an ultra-low power consumption mode, the second operating mode is a low power consumption mode, the third operating mode is a normal power consumption mode, and the fourth operating mode is a full-function power consumption mode. In the ultra-low power consumption mode, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor focuses on basic current monitoring and temperature and humidity monitoring functions. In this mode, the power consumption of the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor is extremely low, which is suitable for long-term operation in an environment with limited power. In the low power consumption mode, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor continues to perform current monitoring and temperature and humidity monitoring, and also adds vibration and pulsation monitoring and air pressure monitoring functions. These additional monitoring functions help to more comprehensively understand the state of the operating environment of the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor. In the normal power consumption mode, in addition to the basic current monitoring, temperature and humidity monitoring, vibration and pulsation monitoring, and air pressure monitoring, fault recording and image recognition functions are also added. In particular, the image recognition signal will be sent every 4 hours to support remote monitoring and diagnosis. In the full-function power consumption mode, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor not only performs tasks such as current monitoring, temperature and humidity monitoring, vibration and pulsation monitoring, air pressure monitoring, image recognition, fault recording, etc., but also adds sag monitoring function. In addition, the frequency of sending image recognition signals has been increased to once every 10 minutes, and it has the ability to convert image recognition results into text information to facilitate faster processing and recording of monitoring data.

[0086] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Among them, any reference to memory, storage, database or other media provided in this application and used in the embodiments may include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) or flash memory. Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (SSRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link DRAM (SLDRAM), RAMbus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct RAMbus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and RAMbus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), etc.

[0087] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, device, article or method including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, device, article or method. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "includes a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, device, article or method including the element.

[0088] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present application specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A multi-physical quantity integrated sensor for a power transmission line, characterized in that: include: An energy acquisition module, a voltage stabilizing module, an intelligent load switching module, a load, a microcontroller and an energy storage capacitor; the energy acquisition module, the voltage stabilizing module, the intelligent load switching module and the load are connected in sequence; the energy acquisition module, the voltage stabilizing module, the microcontroller and the energy storage capacitor are connected in sequence; The energy acquisition module is used to realize one or more of photovoltaic energy acquisition, CT energy acquisition, electric field energy acquisition and vibration energy acquisition; The energy storage capacitor is used to store and release electrical energy; The voltage stabilization module has a built-in adaptive power consumption scheduling mechanism, and the voltage stabilization module is used to dynamically and intelligently adjust the energy supply strategy according to the real-time power consumption demand of the load, the current environmental conditions and the adaptive power consumption scheduling mechanism, and generate a corresponding signal according to the energy supply strategy and send it to the microcontroller; The microcontroller is used to regulate the energy storage capacitor according to the signal sent by the voltage stabilization module; The intelligent load switching module is used to control the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor to switch the operating mode according to the voltage of the energy acquisition module by monitoring the voltage of the energy acquisition module, so that it can maintain the optimal performance and energy consumption balance under different operating conditions; The load includes sensors and / or other electronic devices.

2. The multi-physical quantity integrated sensor for power transmission lines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-physical quantity integrated sensor of the transmission line also includes a first intelligent protection module, which is arranged between the energy acquisition module and the voltage stabilizing module; the first intelligent protection module is used to monitor the working status of the energy acquisition module in real time, and cut off the energy acquisition module when it is detected that the energy acquisition module is in a faulty or abnormal working state.

3. The multi-physical quantity integrated sensor for power transmission lines according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The multi-physical quantity integrated sensor of the transmission line also includes a second intelligent protection module, which is arranged between the voltage stabilizing module and the intelligent load switching module; the second intelligent protection module is used to complete the electric energy discharge through intelligent control means when the energy storage capacitor is in a fully charged state and the energy extraction capacity is greater than the load consumption.

4. The multi-physical quantity integrated sensor for power transmission lines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microcontroller is used to regulate the energy storage capacitor according to the signal sent by the voltage stabilization module, including: When it is monitored that the voltage of the energy acquisition module cannot maintain the normal operation of the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor, the voltage stabilization module generates an energy supply strategy according to its built-in adaptive power consumption scheduling mechanism; The voltage stabilization module generates a corresponding signal according to the energy supply strategy and sends it to the microcontroller; The microcontroller starts the intelligent scheduling mechanism according to the signal sent by the voltage stabilizing module, and regulates the energy storage capacitor, so that the energy storage capacitor cooperates with the energy acquisition module to provide stable power for the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor.

5. The multi-physical quantity integrated sensor for power transmission lines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent load switching module is used to control the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor to switch the operating mode according to the voltage of the energy acquisition module by monitoring the voltage of the energy acquisition module, so that it can maintain the optimal performance and energy consumption balance under different operating states, including: Monitoring the voltage of the energy acquisition module, and when it is monitored that the voltage of the energy acquisition module is within the range of V1 to V2, controlling the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor to operate in the first operating mode; When it is detected that the voltage of the energy harvesting module is within the range of V2 to V3, control the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor to operate in the second operating mode; When it is detected that the voltage of the energy harvesting module is within the range of V3 to V4, control the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor to operate in the third operating mode; When it is detected that the voltage of the energy harvesting module is greater than V4, control the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor to operate in the fourth operating mode; where V1 < V2 < V3 < V4; V1 represents the first voltage threshold, V2 represents the second voltage threshold, V3 represents the third voltage threshold, V4 represents the fourth voltage threshold, the power consumption of the first operating mode is less than that of the second operating mode, the power consumption of the second operating mode is less than that of the third operating mode, and the power consumption of the third operating mode is less than that of the fourth operating mode.

6. The multi-physical quantity integrated sensor for power transmission lines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent load switching module is used to control the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor to switch the operating mode according to the voltage of the energy harvesting module by monitoring the voltage of the energy harvesting module, so that it can maintain the optimal performance and energy consumption balance in different operating states, including: Monitoring the voltage of the energy harvesting module, when the voltage of the energy harvesting module rises above Vi + Δ1, switch from a lower-power consumption mode to a higher-power consumption mode; when the voltage drops below Vi - Δ2 and the duration Δt exceeds the preset duration, switch from a higher-power consumption mode to a lower-power consumption mode; where Vi represents the i-th voltage threshold; n represents the number of voltage thresholds; Δ1 represents the allowable deviation of voltage rise; Δ2 represents the allowable deviation of voltage drop.

7. The multi-physical quantity integrated sensor for power transmission lines according to claim 6, characterized in that: The monitoring of the voltage of the energy harvesting module, when the voltage of the energy harvesting module rises above Vi + Δ1, switch from a lower-power consumption mode to a higher-power consumption mode; when the voltage drops below Vi - Δ2 and the duration Δt exceeds the preset duration, switch from a higher-power consumption mode to a lower-power consumption mode includes: Monitoring the voltage of the energy harvesting module, when it is detected that the voltage of the energy harvesting module drops below V1, the energy storage capacitor intervenes in the power supply process, so that the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor can maintain normal operation in the first operating mode; when the voltage of the energy harvesting module rises to V1 and does not exceed V1 + Δ1, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor is powered by the energy harvesting module alone and operates in the first operating mode; Before the voltage of the energy harvesting module rises from a low voltage to V2 + Δ1, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor operates in the first operating mode; when the voltage of the energy harvesting module rises to V2 + Δ1, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor switches to the second operating mode; if the voltage of the energy harvesting module starts to drop until it drops to V2 - Δ2 and the holding time Δt is greater than the preset duration, the multi-physical quantity integrated sensor switches to the first operating mode; Before the voltage of the energy harvesting module rises to V3 + Δ1, the multi - physical - quantity integrated sensor remains operating in the second operating mode; when the voltage of the energy harvesting module rises to V3 + Δ1, the multi - physical - quantity integrated sensor switches to operate in the third operating mode; if the voltage of the energy harvesting module starts to drop until it drops to V3 - Δ2 and the holding time Δt is greater than the preset duration, the multi - physical - quantity integrated sensor switches to operate in the second operating mode. Before the voltage of the energy harvesting module rises to V4 + Δ1, the multi - physical - quantity integrated sensor remains operating in the third operating mode; when the voltage of the energy harvesting module rises to V4 + Δ1, the multi - physical - quantity integrated sensor switches to operate in the fourth operating mode. Within the voltage range that the multi - physical - quantity integrated sensor can withstand, as the voltage rises, the multi - physical - quantity integrated sensor still remains operating in the fourth operating mode; if the voltage of the energy harvesting module starts to drop until it drops to V4 - Δ2 and the holding time Δt is greater than the preset duration, the multi - physical - quantity integrated sensor switches to operate in the third operating mode; where V1 < V2 < V3 < V4; V1 represents the first voltage threshold; V2 represents the second voltage threshold; V3 represents the third voltage threshold; the power consumption of the first operating mode is less than that of the second operating mode, the power consumption of the second operating mode is less than that of the third operating mode, and the power consumption of the third operating mode is less than that of the fourth operating mode.

8. The multi-physical quantity integrated sensor for power transmission lines according to claim 5 or 7, characterized in that: The first operating mode realizes current monitoring, temperature and humidity monitoring; the second operating mode realizes current monitoring, temperature and humidity monitoring, vibration and dancing monitoring, and air pressure monitoring; the third operating mode realizes current monitoring, temperature and humidity monitoring, vibration and dancing monitoring, air pressure monitoring, fault recording, and image recognition; the fourth operating mode realizes current monitoring, temperature and humidity monitoring, vibration and dancing monitoring, air pressure monitoring, fault recording, image recognition, and sag monitoring.

9. The multi-physical quantity integrated sensor for power transmission lines according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first voltage threshold is equal to 3.4V, the second voltage threshold is equal to 3.5V, the third voltage threshold is equal to 3.6V, and the fourth voltage threshold is equal to 3.8V.

10. The multi-physical quantity integrated sensor for power transmission lines according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first voltage threshold is equal to 3.4V, the second voltage threshold is equal to 3.5V, the third voltage threshold is equal to 3.6V, the fourth voltage threshold is equal to 3.8V, Δ1 is equal to 0.02V, Δ2 is equal to 0.04V, and Δt is equal to 5s.

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