Method for accelerating and improving productivity of newly-cultivated land
By using humic carbon, microbial activators and animal manure in acidic red soil, the problems of low soil fertility and poor structure are solved, and soil productivity is improved and crop yields are increased, filling the gap in rapid improvement technology.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411625998.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-14
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-31
AI Technical Summary
The improvement technology of acidic red soil is facing problems such as difficult to achieve one-time material investment, uncertain long-term effects and environmental impacts, and difficult to guarantee microbial survival, resulting in low fertility, poor structure, poor erosion resistance and buffering in newly cultivated arable land, making it difficult to quickly restore productivity.
A mixture of lignite, weathered coal, and peat is used to make humic carbon and microbial activators, combined with animal manure and decayed straw, and activated soil microorganisms and improved soil structure and fertility through one-time application in the soil.
It has achieved the improvement of soil productivity, improved soil structure and fertility, increased organic matter content and total nitrogen content, promoted crop growth, improved crop yield and biomass, and was suitable for large-scale promotion.
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Figure CN119213921A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of soil remediation, and in particular relates to a method for accelerating the improvement of the productivity of newly reclaimed farmland. Background Art
[0002] Acidic red soil is widely distributed in southern my country, and its improvement has always been a research hotspot in the fields of agriculture and soil science. Significant progress has been made in the research and development of red soil improvement technology in the past few decades. For example, the use of chemical improvers such as lime can effectively neutralize soil acidity and prevent soil acidification. In terms of soil fertilization, the large-scale use of organic fertilizers has achieved remarkable results. By adding various organic materials such as green manure and farmyard manure, it can not only improve soil structure and increase soil fertility, but also buffer soil acidity to a certain extent. Some scholars have also targeted the cultivation of red soil fertility by screening and cultivating acid-resistant plant varieties. For example, some leguminous plants have been found to grow well in acidic red soil and improve soil fertility through nitrogen fixation. It has also been reported that microbial improvement technology containing a variety of beneficial microorganisms can improve the structure of soil microbial communities, promote the transformation and release of nutrients in the soil, and ultimately improve soil fertility.
[0003] However, there are still many challenges in improving acidic red soil. First, although chemical improvement (alkaline calcium-based materials, etc.), traditional organic fertilization (organic fertilizer, green manure, etc.), and biological improvement (new varieties, microbial agents, etc.) have certain effects, they often cannot complete soil improvement work at one time, and the above-mentioned improvement materials cannot be put into use in large quantities at one time. For example, too much lime chemical improver put into use at one time is likely to cause problems such as soil compaction, and there is uncertainty about the long-term effect and environmental impact; organic fertilizer is difficult to put into use in large quantities at one time, otherwise it is easy to cause soil nutrient imbalance, limiting large-scale application; the survival and long-term effectiveness of microbial agents in complex soil environments are difficult to guarantee, and the complex field environment makes it difficult to guarantee the survival of artificially cultivated beneficial microorganisms.
[0004] At present, in order to consolidate the country's food security, a large amount of arable land has been developed in the hilly and mountainous areas in the south. However, these arable lands often have more serious problems of barrenness and obstacles than conventional red soil farmland. For example, the soil fertility is low. The newly reclaimed arable land often has insufficient soil nutrient content, mainly because the soil organic matter content is extremely low and lacks long-term accumulated humus, which makes the soil poor in fertilizer retention capacity; the soil structure is poor. The soil structure of newly reclaimed arable land is usually poor. The soil in the south is mostly clay. When it is newly reclaimed, the soil is compact, and the air permeability and water permeability are poor. This will lead to restricted root growth of crops, easy water accumulation in the rainy season, causing crops to suffer from waterlogging, and difficult to maintain soil moisture in the dry season, affecting crop growth. The fundamental reason is that there are too few organic matter in the soil and the soil microenvironment is not fully functional, resulting in extremely poor soil erosion buffering capacity; acidification problem. Most of the newly reclaimed arable land in the south is acidic soil, and some are even strongly acidic. The acidic characteristic itself is one of the soil obstacles. In addition, the traditional application of organic fertilizers, farmyard manure and other organic materials are also mostly acidic materials, which can easily lead to sudden acidification problems exacerbated by the soil fertilization and carbon increase process.
[0005] In recent years, with the development of my country's economy, lithium and other mineral resources have been developed on a large scale, resulting in objective problems such as land damage in mining areas and difficulty in repairing land after backfilling with solid waste such as lithium slag. These problems are mainly manifested in the lack of soil organic matter, poor air permeability and water permeability, which make it difficult to meet the basic conditions for plant growth.
[0006] In view of this, my country urgently needs to develop methods suitable for southern soils to quickly increase the productivity of newly reclaimed arable land. At present, there are no reports of using high-carbon materials from mineral sources to make humus carbon and microbial activation materials for one-time investment, combined with crop planting and other measures to quickly increase the productivity of newly reclaimed arable land. The development of this technology will help fill the domestic technological gap and provide strong technical support for consolidating national food security. Summary of the invention
[0007] Technical problems solved: In order to solve the technical problems such as low nutrients in newly reclaimed red soil, difficulty in quickly repairing damaged land in mining areas, and confirmation of basic soil functions by artificial soil made from lithium slag, the present invention provides a method for accelerating the improvement of the productivity of newly reclaimed arable land. The materials used in the present invention are widely available, the production process is simple, and it is easy to apply them on a large scale in engineering. The technology of the present invention can be used to restore newly reclaimed arable land, barren arable land, damaged arable land, and newly made soil from lithium slag, which can be effectively restored for a long time with a wide range of applications and effectively fills the technical gaps in land improvement and improving arable land productivity.
[0008] Technical solution: A method for accelerating the improvement of the productivity of newly reclaimed arable land, step ①, leveling, deep loosening and removing impurities from newly reclaimed red soil, reclaimed land in mining areas or newly reclaimed land based on lithium slag; step ②, using lignite, weathered coal, peat or a mixture of the three to obtain an indigenous microbial activator after grinding, oxidation, dehydration and nitrogen addition; using lignite, weathered coal, peat or a mixture of the three to make humus carbon material after grinding and humidity adjustment; using sterilized animal feces, indigenous microbial activators, composting agents and nitrogen fertilizers to make animal manure after high-temperature fermentation; using crushed crop straw particles, straw composting agents and nitrogen fertilizers to make composted straw after fermentation; step ③, Add 30-150kg / mu of indigenous microbial activator, 300-5000kg / mu of humus carbon material, 300-1000kg / mu of animal manure, and 300-500kg / mu of decomposed straw as improved materials to the tillage layer, stir and mix well, irrigate and soak the 0-30cm soil layer, and plant a season of crops immediately after completion. After the first season of crops is harvested, alfalfa or rapeseed is planted. After each crop is harvested, the crop straw is crushed into particles ≤3cm long and evenly mixed with commercial Bacillus agents into the 0-20cm soil layer. After planting 2-3 crops in succession, the productivity of the newly reclaimed land is improved. After that, crops are planted according to conventional planting methods and conventional straw return is implemented.
[0009] The above-mentioned leveled paddy field slope is ≤3%, the dry field slope is ≤8%, the impurities of φ≥30mm in the 0-40cm topsoil layer are removed and the weight proportion of impurities in the soil is ensured to be ≤20%, and the deep loosening depth is 0-40cm soil.
[0010] After adding the above improved materials, the average bulk density of the 0-20cm topsoil reaches 1.1-1.4g / cm 3 , the average bulk density of the 20-35cm middle layer soil reaches 1.2-1.6g / cm 3 、The average bulk density of the 35-45cm lower layer soil reaches ≤1.7g / cm 3 .
[0011] The preparation method of the above-mentioned indigenous microbial activator is as follows: grind the humus carbon material to a particle size not exceeding 1 mm to obtain ground powder, add 5-50L nitric acid solution per ton of ground powder, add 10-50kg potassium hydroxide per ton of ground powder, add urea to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25±5 after natural drying, and stir and mix to obtain the indigenous microbial activator.
[0012] The preparation method of the above-mentioned humus carbon material is: collect lignite, weathered coal, peat or a mixture of the three, adjust the moisture content to 5wt.%-50wt.%, grind to a particle size of 0.1-1mm particles accounting for ≥80wt.%, 1-2mm particles accounting for <15wt.%, <0.1mm and >2mm particles accounting for <5wt.%, and after grinding, adjust the humidity to 10wt.%-60wt.% to obtain humus carbon.
[0013] The method for making the animal manure is as follows: collecting dehydrated animal manure, adding 0.1-5kg of indigenous microbial activator and 1-2kg of pure nitrogen per ton of animal manure after sterilization, adding commercial organic fertilizer composting agent, stirring and mixing, adjusting the humidity to 20wt.%-60wt.%, sealing and naturally fermenting, and drying to a moisture content of 5wt.%-30wt.% after the fermentation is completed to obtain animal manure.
[0014] The method for making the above-mentioned decomposed straw is as follows: collecting crop straw, crushing it into straw particles with a diameter of φ≤10mm, sterilizing it at high temperature, adding 1L of 30wt.% hydrogen peroxide solution per kilogram of the ground powder obtained in claim 5 for oxidation treatment, naturally cooling it to room temperature to obtain a mixed solution, adding nitrogen fertilizer to make the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed solution reach 25, and then adding water, diluting the mixed solution after oxidation and nitrogen addition treatment of each 1kg of ground powder to 100L to obtain straw decomposition activation liquid, mixing the obtained straw particles and the straw decomposition activation liquid at a rate of 10-30L of straw decomposition activation liquid per ton of straw particles, adjusting the humidity to 20wt.%-40wt.%, and naturally decomposing it in a closed space at a humidity of 30%-80% and a temperature of 30-50°C for 1-2 months, sterilizing it again after the fermentation is completed, and finally obtaining decomposed straw.
[0015] The above-mentioned first-season crop is corn.
[0016] Beneficial effects: This technical invention creates methods for producing indigenous microbial activators, humus carbon, animal manure, and decomposed straw, and develops methods for rapidly improving the productivity of different types of poor soils. The technical process has a high degree of integration and a simple flow. It can achieve the effect of long-term land fertilization through a one-time implementation. The method for improving cultivated land productivity of the present invention can quickly restore suitable soil conditions and restore basic productivity within 1 year. The technical application range of this invention is wide, and it has great potential for large-scale promotion. It can effectively supplement the lack of technology for improving cultivated land productivity in my country. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 It is a comparison chart of the growth of corn and rapeseed crops at maturity between the control example and the embodiment.
[0018] Figure 2 This is a comparative analysis of corn yield between a control example and an embodiment.
[0019] Figure 3 This is a comparative analysis of the dry matter quality of rapeseed between the control example and the embodiment.
[0020] Figure 4 This is a comparative analysis of soil organic matter content between the control example and the embodiment.
[0021] Figure 5 This is a comparative analysis of soil total nitrogen content between the control example and the embodiment.
[0022] Figure 6 This is a comparative analysis of the water-stable aggregate content between the control example and the example.
[0023] Figure 7 This is a comparative analysis of the aboveground biomass of corn crops between the control example and the embodiment.
[0024] Figure 8 This is a comparative analysis of the underground biomass of corn crops between the control example and the embodiment.
[0025] Fig. 9 This is a comparative analysis of the 100-grain weight of corn between the control example and the embodiment.
[0026] Fig.10 This is a comparative analysis of corn plant height between the control example and the embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] The following soil tests further illustrate the content of the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, modifications and substitutions made to the methods, steps or conditions of the present invention all belong to the scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the following examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the specific determination methods not specified in the tests all adopt the determination methods described in "Soil Agricultural Chemical Analysis Methods" compiled by Lu Rukun et al., China Agricultural Science and Technology Press 1999, and authoritative soil inspection methods such as the national standards of the People's Republic of China.
[0028] Experimental process: collect crop straw, dehydrated chicken manure, peat material, wheat straw, agricultural urea (total nitrogen content 46%), agricultural compound fertilizer (N, P2O5, K2O content are 15%), use the collected materials to make sand-proof soil-fixing organic materials and fertile soil organic materials, in order to quantitatively analyze the technical effect of the present invention, the invention technology verification test is carried out in the form of field test, the basic physical and chemical indicators of the improved soil and the unimproved soil are measured, the reliability of the technology of the present invention is verified, the treatment without using the technology of the present invention is set as the control example, the treatment using the technology of the present invention is set as the embodiment, and 3 repeated tests are set for each treatment to verify the technical effect of the present invention.
[0029] Humic carbon material production process:
[0030] Peat materials were collected, and three samples were collected using a random sampling method to determine the contents of heavy metals, pollutants, pesticides, and harmful organisms. The proportion of impurities such as gangue in the raw materials used was 0, and there was no need to remove impurities. The heavy metal content of the raw materials used was lower than the natural background value of soil environmental quality required in the "Soil Environmental Quality Standard" (GB15618-2018) (i.e., the first-level soil environmental quality standard). Secondly, the moisture content of peat was about 50wt.%, and the particle size distribution of the raw materials could meet the following requirements: 0.1-1mm particle size particles accounted for ≥80%, 1-2mm particle size particles accounted for <15%, and <0.1mm and >2mm particle size particles accounted for <5%. The humidity was directly adjusted to about 55wt.% without grinding as a humus carbon material.
[0031] Production process of indigenous microbial activator materials:
[0032] The prepared humus carbon material is directly dry-ground to a particle size of less than 1 mm to obtain ground powder. After grinding, 30 L of nitric acid solution is added to each ton of dry ground powder. After sufficient reaction, about 20 kg of potassium hydroxide is added to each ton of dry ground powder to neutralize residual nitric acid and adjust the pH value. The powder is dried in a cool place to obtain loose powder. After completing the above steps, the carbon and nitrogen content of the material is determined, and urea is added to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25. After stirring and mixing, an indigenous microbial activator is obtained.
[0033] Animal manure production process:
[0034] The dehydrated dry chicken manure is collected, and firstly subjected to steam high-temperature sterilization for more than 48 hours, so that the contents of worm eggs, viruses, and harmful bacteria reach the limit values specified in "Organic Fertilizer" (NY / T 525-2021), and after sterilization, 5kg of indigenous microbial activator and 4.3kg of urea (converted into about 2kg of pure nitrogen) are added per ton of dry animal manure, and a bacillus agent is added according to a normal application amount of 200g per ton of dry chicken manure, stirred and mixed, and the humidity is adjusted to 20wt.%-60wt.%, and fermented at high temperature in an industrial fermentation tank for more than 40 days, and dried or air-dried to a moisture content of about 30wt.% after the fermentation is completed, to obtain animal manure.
[0035] Composted straw production process:
[0036] The crop straw is collected, and the crop straw is crushed into particles of φ≤10mm by mechanical crusher and other equipment, and then steam high-temperature sterilization is performed for more than 24 hours. Then, 1L 30wt.% hydrogen peroxide solution is added to the humus carbon material according to the kg dry humus carbon material for oxidation treatment, and the bag is naturally cooled to room temperature after thorough reaction to obtain a mixed solution, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed solution is adjusted to 25 by urea, and then water is added to dilute the mixed solution after oxidation and nitrogen addition treatment of each 1kg of humus carbon to 100L to obtain straw decomposition activation liquid, and finally the obtained straw particles and the straw decomposition activation liquid are fully mixed according to the ratio of adding 30L of straw decomposition activation liquid per ton of dry straw. Water can be added during the mixing process to adjust the humidity to about 40wt.%, and the mixture is naturally decomposed in a closed space at a humidity of about 50%, a temperature of 35°C, and a 2-month period. After the fermentation is completed, it is sterilized again to make the content of insect eggs, viruses, and harmful bacteria reach "Organic Fertilizer" (NY / T 525-2021), and finally obtain decomposed straw.
[0037] Comparison Example
[0038] The control example was implemented according to the following steps:
[0039] Step 1, select the newly reclaimed red soil in the Agricultural High-tech Zone of Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province as the test plot, use a machine to level the land, and then use a deep plow to deep plow the soil to a depth of 35 cm, and then rotary till the soil after deep plowing. The land is ready for use after the leveling is completed;
[0040] Step 2, randomly demarcate three plots on the leveled farmland as control test areas;
[0041] Step 3: After step 2, follow 180kg N / hm 2 、108kg P2O5 / hm 2 、198kg K2O / hm 2 Sprinkle agricultural compound fertilizer on the soil surface, turn the soil to turn the fertilizer into the soil, and evenly mix the fertilizer into the soil at a depth of 0-20 cm. Plant corn crops after the rain on April 9, 2023, and manage the field according to conventional farmland management methods until maturity;
[0042] Step 4: harvest corn when it matures on August 7, 2023, and measure yield and soil properties;
[0043] Step 5: After step 4, the corn stalks were immediately crushed on site, and then the fertilizer and crushed stalks were evenly mixed into the tillage layer using a mechanical rotary tiller. The fertilizer application rate was 180 kg N / hm 2 、180kg P2O5 / hm 2 、180kg K2O / hm 2, then plant alfalfa for green manure, harvest the alfalfa and crush it into powder on December 5, 2023, and then pay 187.5kg N / hm 2 、112.5kgP2O5 / hm 2 、112.5kg K2O / hm 2 Spread fertilizers and use manual deep plowing to turn fertilizers and alfalfa straw into the soil to complete fertilization.
[0044] Step 6: Plant rapeseed crops after step 5, harvest and measure yield on March 28, 2024, analyze soil physical and chemical properties, and comprehensively analyze soil productivity levels.
[0045] Example 1
[0046] Follow these steps to implement:
[0047] Step 1: Select newly reclaimed red soil as the test plot, use machinery to level the land, and then use a deep plow to deep plow the soil to a depth of 35 cm. After deep plowing, rotary tillage is performed to level the soil. The leveled land is ready for use; after leveling, the slope is ≤8%, and impurities of φ≥30mm in the 0-40cm topsoil layer are removed and the weight proportion of impurities in the soil is ensured to be ≤20%.
[0048] Step 2, randomly demarcate three plots on the leveled farmland as the test area (the same plot as the control);
[0049] Step 3: After step 2, follow 180kg N / hm 2 、108kg P2O5 / hm 2 、198kg K2O / hm 2 , 300kg / mu humus carbon material, 100kg / mu indigenous microbial activator material, 500kg / mu animal manure fertilizer, 500kg / mu decomposed straw are spread on the surface, and the soil is turned over to make the fertilizer and the above materials evenly mixed into the 0-20cm tillage layer of soil. After the improvement materials are added, the average bulk density of the 0-20cm topsoil of the land reaches 1.1-1.4g / cm 3 , the average bulk density of the 20-35cm middle layer soil reaches 1.2-1.6g / cm 3 、The average bulk density of the 35-45cm lower layer soil reaches ≤1.7g / cm 3 . Plant corn crops after rainfall on April 9, 2023, and manage the field according to conventional farmland management methods until maturity;
[0050] Step 4: harvest corn when it matures on August 7, 2023, and measure yield and soil properties;
[0051] Step 5: After step 4, the corn stalks were immediately crushed on site, and then the fertilizer and crushed stalks were evenly mixed into the tillage layer using a mechanical rotary tiller. The fertilizer application rate was 180 kg N / hm 2 、180kg P2O5 / hm 2 、180kg K2O / hm 2 , then plant alfalfa for green manure, harvest the alfalfa and crush it into powder on December 5, 2023, and then pay 187.5kg N / hm 2 、112.5kgP2O5 / hm 2 、112.5kg K2O / hm 2 The application amount is spread on the ground surface, and the fertilizer, decomposed straw and alfalfa straw are turned into the soil by manual deep plowing to complete the fertilization.
[0052] Step 6: Plant rapeseed crops after step 5, harvest and measure yield on March 28, 2024, analyze soil physical and chemical properties, and comprehensively analyze soil productivity levels.
[0053] Example 2
[0054] Follow these steps to implement:
[0055] Step 1: Select newly reclaimed red soil as the test plot, use machinery to level the land, and then use a deep plow to deep plow the soil to a depth of 35 cm. After deep plowing, rotary tillage is performed to level the soil. The leveled land is ready for use; after leveling, the slope is ≤8%, and impurities of φ≥30mm in the 0-40cm topsoil layer are removed and the weight proportion of impurities in the soil is ensured to be ≤20%.
[0056] Step 2, randomly demarcate three plots on the leveled farmland as the test area (the same plot as the control);
[0057] Step 3: After step 2, follow 180kg N / hm 2 、108kg P2O5 / hm 2 、198kg K2O / hm 2 , 600kg / mu humus carbon material, 100kg / mu indigenous microbial activator material, 500kg / mu animal manure, 500kg / mu decomposed straw application rate spread on the surface, turn the soil to make the fertilizer and the above materials evenly mixed into the 0-20cm tillage layer of soil. After the addition of improved materials, the average bulk density of the 0-20cm topsoil of the land reaches 1.1-1.4g / cm 3 , the average bulk density of the 20-35cm middle layer soil reaches 1.2-1.6g / cm 3 、The average bulk density of the 35-45cm lower layer soil reaches ≤1.7g / cm 3, plant corn crops after rainfall on April 9, 2023, and manage the field according to conventional farmland management methods until maturity;
[0058] Step 4: harvest corn when it matures on August 7, 2023, and measure yield and soil properties;
[0059] Step 5: After step 4, the corn stalks were immediately crushed on site, and then the fertilizer and crushed stalks were evenly mixed into the tillage layer using a mechanical rotary tiller. The fertilizer application rate was 180 kg N / hm 2 、180kg P2O5 / hm 2 、180kg K2O / hm 2 , then plant alfalfa for green manure, harvest the alfalfa and crush it into powder on December 5, 2023, and then pay 187.5kg N / hm 2 、112.5kgP2O5 / hm 2 、112.5kg K2O / hm 2 The application amount is spread on the ground surface, and the fertilizer, decomposed straw and alfalfa straw are turned into the soil by manual deep plowing to complete the fertilization.
[0060] Step 6: Plant rapeseed crops after step 5, harvest and measure yield on March 28, 2024, analyze soil physical and chemical properties, and comprehensively analyze soil productivity levels.
[0061] Example 3
[0062] Follow these steps to implement:
[0063] Step 1: Select newly reclaimed red soil as the test plot, use machinery to level the land, and then use a deep plow to deep plow the soil to a depth of 35 cm. After deep plowing, rotary tillage is performed to level the soil. The leveled land is ready for use; after leveling, the slope is ≤8%, and impurities of φ≥30mm in the 0-40cm topsoil layer are removed and the weight proportion of impurities in the soil is ensured to be ≤20%.
[0064] Step 2, randomly demarcate three plots on the leveled farmland as the test area (the same plot as the control);
[0065] Step 3: After step 2, follow 180kg N / hm 2 、108kg P2O5 / hm 2 、198kg K2O / hm 2, 900kg / mu humus carbon material, 100kg / mu indigenous microbial activator material, 500kg / mu animal manure, 500kg / mu decomposed straw application rate spread on the surface, turn the soil to make the fertilizer and the above materials evenly mixed into the 0-20cm tillage layer of soil. After the addition of improved materials, the average bulk density of the 0-20cm topsoil of the land reaches 1.1-1.4g / cm 3 , the average bulk density of the 20-35cm middle layer soil reaches 1.2-1.6g / cm 3 、The average bulk density of the 35-45cm lower layer soil reaches ≤1.7g / cm 3 , plant corn crops after rainfall on April 9, 2023, and manage the field according to conventional farmland management methods until maturity;
[0066] Step 4: harvest corn when it matures on August 7, 2023, and measure yield and soil properties;
[0067] Step 5: After step 4, the corn stalks were immediately crushed on site, and then the fertilizer and crushed stalks were evenly mixed into the tillage layer using a mechanical rotary tiller. The fertilizer application rate was 180 kg N / hm 2 、180kg P2O5 / hm 2 、180kg K2O / hm 2 , then plant alfalfa for green manure, harvest the alfalfa and crush it into powder on December 5, 2023, and then pay 187.5kg N / hm 2 、112.5kgP2O5 / hm 2 、112.5kg K2O / hm 2 The application amount is spread on the ground surface, and the fertilizer, decomposed straw and alfalfa straw are turned into the soil by manual deep plowing to complete the fertilization.
[0068] Step 6: Plant rapeseed crops after step 5, harvest and measure yield on March 28, 2024, analyze soil physical and chemical properties, and comprehensively analyze soil productivity levels.
[0069] In order to verify the effectiveness of the technology of the invention, soil samples were collected after the experiment was implemented in the control example and the three repeated treatments of the embodiment, and the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, yield, and crop biomass were measured to analyze the improvement effect of the technology of the invention on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties and crop traits. The analysis methods of each index are as follows:
[0070] Organic matter was determined by potassium dichromate oxidation-external heating method, and the specific steps referred to the National Standard of the People's Republic of China for Determination of Forest Soil Organic Matter (GB7857-87). Total nitrogen was determined by Kelvin digestion method described in "Soil Agricultural Chemical Analysis" edited by Lu Rukun (P147-149). Yield and biomass were determined by actual measurement method.
[0071] The production capacity results and analysis of the control example and the embodiment show that the growth of corn and rapeseed crops in the control example is poor and close to total failure. Compared with the control example, the corn yield of the embodiments 1, 2 and 3 implementing the technology of the present invention has a maximum increase of 5.5 times, and the maximum increase of rapeseed dry matter biomass is close to 10 times. The above-ground and underground biomass and 100-grain weight of corn in the embodiment also show a significant increase. It can be seen that the present technology patent has a good effect in improving soil productivity, can promote crop growth, increase biomass, and significantly increase grain yield ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Fig. 9 , Fig.10 ).
[0072] The results and analysis of soil fertility of the control example and the embodiment show that compared with the control example, the maximum increase in soil organic matter content in the embodiments 1, 2 and 3 is more than 60%, and the organic matter content of the tillage layer of the control example can be increased to the medium-yield organic matter content level (about 10 g / kg) at one time, and the organic matter content of the plow bottom soil is also significantly increased ( Figure 4 ). Compared with the control, the total nitrogen content of the cultivated soil was significantly increased from 0.35g / kg to more than 0.4g / kg, and the number of large and coarse aggregates in the soil was increased, which plays an important role in improving soil structure and increasing soil anti-erosion buffering capacity ( Figure 5 , Figure 6 ).
[0073] In summary, newly reclaimed red soil has obstacles such as poor structure and low organic matter content that do not have high productivity. The damaged land in the mining area has been artificially destroyed, and the original soil structure is accompanied by impurities in the mining area, resulting in poor soil structure and soil impurities that affect the effective supply of soil nutrients, resulting in low production capacity. Lithium slag artificial soil belongs to the soil created by artificial use of lithium slag solid waste. Although it has mineral components such as silicates similar to soil, only a single inorganic mineral is a non-nutrient substance and lacks nutritional components such as organic matter and active microorganisms that can carry soil nutrients. In view of this, the present invention has created soil microbial stimulating materials and humus carbon materials, and invented a method for composite application of the above materials with animal manure and decomposed straw, which can quickly increase the organic matter, fertile soil microorganisms and active nutrients necessary for high-productivity soil in a short period of time. It has the advantages of wide material sources, simple preparation methods and has been promoted and applied.
Claims
1. A method for accelerating the productivity of newly reclaimed farmland, characterized in that: Step ①, leveling, deep loosening and removing impurities from newly reclaimed red soil, reclaimed land in mining areas or newly reclaimed land based on lithium slag; Step ②, grinding, oxidizing, dehydrating and nitrogenizing lignite, weathered coal, peat or a mixture of the three to obtain an indigenous microbial activator; grinding and moistening lignite, weathered coal, peat or a mixture of the three to prepare humus carbon materials; high-temperature fermentation of sterilized animal feces, indigenous microbial activators, composting agents and nitrogen fertilizers to prepare animal manure; fermentation of crushed crop straw particles, straw composting agents and nitrogen fertilizers to prepare composted straw; Step ③, adding indigenous microbial activators to the tillage layer; Add 30-150kg / mu of bioactivator, 300-5000kg / mu of humus carbon material, 300-1000kg / mu of animal manure and 300-500kg / mu of decomposed straw as improved materials, stir and mix evenly, irrigate and soak the 0-30cm soil layer, and plant a season of crops immediately after completion. Plant alfalfa or rapeseed after the first season of crops is harvested. After each crop harvest, the crop straw is crushed into ≤3cm long particles and evenly mixed with commercial Bacillus agent into the 0-20cm soil layer. After planting 2-3 crops in succession, the productivity of the newly reclaimed arable land is improved. After that, crops are planted according to conventional planting methods and conventional straw return is implemented.
2. The method for accelerating the productivity of newly reclaimed farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slope of the paddy field after leveling is ≤3%, the slope of the dry field is ≤8%, the impurities of φ≥30mm in the 0-40cm topsoil layer are removed and the weight proportion of impurities in the soil is ensured to be ≤20%, and the deep loosening depth is 0-40cm soil.
3. The method for accelerating the productivity of newly reclaimed farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the improved material is added, the average bulk density of the 0-20cm topsoil reaches 1.1-1.4g / cm 3 , the average bulk density of the 20-35cm middle layer soil reaches 1.2-1.6g / cm 3 、The average bulk density of the 35-45cm lower layer soil reaches ≤1.7g / cm 3 .
4. The method for accelerating the productivity of newly reclaimed farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the indigenous microorganism activator is as follows: grinding the humus carbon material to a particle size not exceeding 1 mm to obtain ground powder, adding 5-50 L of nitric acid solution per ton of ground powder, and further adding 10-50 kg of potassium hydroxide per ton of ground powder, adding urea to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25±5 after natural drying, and stirring and mixing to obtain the indigenous microorganism activator.
5. The method for accelerating the productivity of newly reclaimed farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the humus carbon material is: collect lignite, weathered coal, peat or a mixture of the three, adjust the moisture content to 5wt.%-50wt.%, grind to a particle size of 0.1-1mm particles account for ≥80wt.%, 1-2mm particles account for <15wt.%, and <0.1mm and >2mm particles account for <5wt.%. After grinding, adjust the humidity to 10wt.%-60wt.% to obtain humus carbon.
6. The method for accelerating the productivity of newly reclaimed farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for making the animal manure comprises the following steps: collecting dehydrated animal manure, sterilizing it, adding 0.1-5kg of indigenous microbial activator and 1-2kg of pure nitrogen per ton of animal manure, adding commercial organic fertilizer composting agent, stirring and mixing, adjusting the humidity to 20wt.%-60wt.%, sealing it for natural fermentation, and drying it to a moisture content of 5wt.%-30wt.% after the fermentation is completed, so as to obtain the animal manure.
7. The method for accelerating the productivity of newly reclaimed farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for making decomposed straw is as follows: collecting crop straw, crushing it into straw particles with a diameter of φ≤10mm, sterilizing it at high temperature, adding 1L of 30 wt.% hydrogen peroxide solution per kilogram of the ground powder obtained in claim 5 for oxidation treatment, naturally cooling it to room temperature to obtain a mixed solution, adding nitrogen fertilizer to make the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed solution reach 25, then adding water, diluting the mixed solution after oxidation and nitrogen addition treatment of each 1kg of ground powder to 100L, obtaining straw decomposition activation liquid, mixing the obtained straw particles and the straw decomposition activation liquid by adding 10-30L of the straw decomposition activation liquid per ton of straw particles, adjusting the humidity to 20wt.%-40wt.%, naturally decomposing in a closed space at a humidity of 30%-80%, a temperature of 30-50°C for 1-2 months, sterilizing it again after fermentation is completed, and finally obtaining decomposed straw.
8. The method for accelerating the productivity of newly reclaimed farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first crop is corn.