Pulse laser-based photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of photovoltaic panel disassembly separation equipment based on pulse laser, including support frame and fixedly arranged support baseplate in support frame top, the top of support baseplate is provided with conveyor belt assembly, the middle part of conveyor belt assembly is provided with lifting workbench assembly, the rear end of lifting workbench assembly is provided with positioning assembly, the two sides of lifting workbench assembly are respectively provided with clamping turnover assembly, the top of lifting workbench assembly is provided with pulse laser, for irradiation photovoltaic panel to be decomposed to make the bonding material between each layer material thereof be heated and dissolved;And horizontal stripping assembly.The application can realize the automatic continuous feeding of photovoltaic panel, automatic positioning automatic clamping and turnover, rapid heating decomposition and stripping of upper and lower layer materials, so as to realize the automatic disassembly process of each layer material of photovoltaic panel, and the disassembly efficiency is high, effect is good, environmental protection and energy saving.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of waste battery recycling, in particular to a photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation device based on pulsed laser. BACKGROUND

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation has made great progress in the past few decades and has become an important form of renewable energy to reduce carbon emissions. Crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic modules dominate the photovoltaic market due to their mature technology and low cost. At present, as the service life of photovoltaic modules is usually expected to be 25-30 years, the number of retired photovoltaic modules will increase further as the installed capacity increases. Developing recycling technology for photovoltaic modules has been urgently put on the agenda to prevent environmental impact that may be caused by photovoltaic module waste and to recycle valuable materials to achieve sustainable development.

[0003] At present, the methods applied to recycle waste solar panels mainly include mechanical recycling and chemical method. Among them, removing EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) is the key in recycling. The chemical method is to use chemical reagent leaching method to treat waste silicon solar cells. It can effectively leach silicon, has high selectivity, good separation effect and low energy consumption, but has the disadvantages of complex operation, high cost, even some toxicity, and most importantly, it is difficult to achieve large-scale green recycling. The mechanical method is to mechanically crush the waste solar cell panel into particles. The mechanical crushing treatment is simple in operation and relatively low in cost, but the composition of the recycled material is broken and various materials are mixed together, resulting in low purity. The next step is to dissolve EVA in organic solvents, which is time-consuming and harmful to the environment. The expansion of EVA during the dissolution process also causes the solar cell to break. Thermal treatment is the most commonly used method at present. However, its high energy consumption and serious waste gas emission must be further considered carefully. Pyrolysis and chemical treatment can soften or remove EVA, thereby gently peeling off the glass panel. Unfortunately, these processes introduce many expensive and toxic solvents, as well as additional energy costs and harmful emissions. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above defects and deficiencies, the present application provides a photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation device based on pulsed laser, which comprehensively considers the advantages and disadvantages of chemical method and mechanical method, and proposes a method that can balance industrial production and green recycling, i.e. using a pulsed laser to irradiate the solar photovoltaic panel to replace the traditional heating method to realize the pyrolysis of the internal EVA of the solar photovoltaic panel, which is lower in energy consumption, does not mechanically break the solar photovoltaic panel, directly separates the layers as a whole, recycles the materials of each layer respectively, and does not pollute the environment, which is green and efficient.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, one technical solution adopted by the present application is:

[0006] A photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation device based on pulsed laser includes a support frame and a support base fixedly arranged on the top of the support frame. A conveyor belt assembly is provided on the top of the support base for feeding the photovoltaic panels to be disassembled and sending out the materials formed by the disassembly.

[0007] A lifting platform assembly is provided in the middle of the conveyor belt assembly for placing the photovoltaic panels to be disassembled;

[0008] A positioning assembly is provided at the rear end of the lifting workbench assembly to limit the movement of the photovoltaic panels to be disassembled;

[0009] The two sides of the lifting workbench assembly are respectively provided with clamping and flipping assemblies for clamping and fixing the photovoltaic panels on both sides and flipping and switching the disassembly surface during the disassembly process;

[0010] A pulse laser is provided above the lifting workbench assembly for irradiating the photovoltaic panels to be decomposed so as to heat and dissolve the bonding materials between the layers of materials;

[0011] and a horizontal stripping component for overall stripping between the uppermost layer of material and the lower layer of material on the heated photovoltaic panel.

[0012] Furthermore, the conveyor belt assembly includes a feed conveying mechanism arranged at the front end of the lifting worktable assembly, a discharge conveying mechanism arranged at the rear end of the lifting worktable assembly, and a transition conveying mechanism arranged on both sides of the lifting worktable assembly and respectively connected to the feed conveying mechanism and the discharge conveying mechanism.

[0013] Furthermore, guide side plates are respectively provided on both sides of the feed conveying mechanism.

[0014] Furthermore, the lifting workbench assembly includes at least one first lifting cylinder fixedly arranged on the bottom surface of the supporting base plate, and a lifting workbench fixedly connected to the output shaft end of each first lifting cylinder and located above the supporting base plate. The highest position of the top surface of the lifting workbench is located above the top surface of the conveyor belt assembly, and the lowest position is located below the top surface of the conveyor belt assembly.

[0015] Furthermore, the positioning assembly includes a positioning drive motor fixedly installed on the rear end side of the lifting workbench, a positioning baffle vertically movably arranged in the top wall of the lifting workbench, and a spring connecting plate fixedly arranged below the positioning baffle. The output shaft end of the positioning drive motor and the bottom surface of the positioning baffle are connected through a cam mechanism, and the bottom surface of the positioning baffle and the top surface of the spring connecting plate are connected through a tension spring.

[0016] Furthermore, the clamping and flipping assembly includes a fixed mounting plate arranged above the supporting base plate, a first horizontal displacement mechanism fixedly arranged on both sides of the top surface of the fixed mounting plate, and a displacement frame fixedly connected to the top output end of the first horizontal displacement mechanism. Second horizontal displacement mechanisms are fixedly arranged on both sides of the top surface of the displacement frame, and the top output end of the second horizontal displacement mechanism is fixedly connected to a clamping air claw. At least one second lifting cylinder is fixedly arranged on the middle bottom surface of the displacement frame, and the top output shaft end of the second lifting cylinder is fixedly connected to the first lifting mounting plate located above the displacement frame, and the top surface of the first lifting mounting plate is fixedly connected to a swing table air claw.

[0017] Furthermore, sleeves are fixedly provided at the four corners of the bottom surface of the fixed mounting plate, and the inner thread of the supporting base plate is connected to a vertically arranged adjusting screw, and the top end of the adjusting screw is movably inserted into the sleeve.

[0018] Furthermore, a lifting bracket is fixedly connected to the top surface of the first lifting mounting plate, and a top plate is fixedly provided on the top of the lifting bracket. The horizontal peeling assembly includes at least one third lifting cylinder fixedly provided on the top surface of the top plate, a second lifting mounting plate fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the third lifting cylinder and located below the top plate, at least one linear module fixedly provided on the bottom surface of the second lifting mounting plate, and a peeling push plate fixedly connected to the output end at the bottom of the linear module. The pulse laser is fixedly provided on the bottom surface of the second lifting mounting plate.

[0019] Furthermore, auxiliary brackets are fixedly connected to the four corners of the bottom surface of the top plate, and through holes are respectively opened on both sides of the top surface of the supporting base plate. The auxiliary brackets are movably inserted into the through holes, and an auxiliary support pad located above the through holes is fixedly provided in the middle of the auxiliary bracket.

[0020] A method for disassembling and separating photovoltaic panels based on pulsed laser is also provided, which is applied to the aforementioned photovoltaic panel disassembling and separating device based on pulsed laser, and comprises the following steps:

[0021] S1. Place the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled on the conveyor belt assembly, and the conveyor belt assembly transports the photovoltaic panel to the disassembly work position;

[0022] S2. After the photovoltaic panel is positioned by the positioning assembly, the lifting workbench assembly moves upward to lift the photovoltaic panel, and the clamping and flipping assembly clamps and fixes the edge of the middle layer material of the photovoltaic panel;

[0023] S3, irradiating the surface of the optical panel with a pulse laser at a preset power for a preset time;

[0024] S4, the horizontal stripping component pushes the top layer of the photovoltaic panel horizontally forward, and the top layer of the material is separated from the middle layer of the material below it and enters the rear end of the conveyor belt component and is sent out;

[0025] S5, the horizontal peeling assembly is reset, the flip assembly is clamped and the photovoltaic panel is flipped 180° and then clamped and fixed again;

[0026] S6, repeating steps S3 and S4, the top layer of material after flipping is separated from the middle layer of material below it, and enters the rear end of the conveyor belt assembly and is sent out;

[0027] S7. The horizontal stripping assembly and the clamping and flipping assembly are reset in sequence, and the lifting table assembly is reset downward to place the remaining middle material layer after disassembly on the conveyor belt assembly and sent out by the conveyor belt assembly.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0029] 1. The present invention achieves automatic and continuous feeding of photovoltaic panels by providing a conveyor belt assembly, restricting the movement of photovoltaic panels by providing a positioning assembly, temporarily separating the photovoltaic panels from the conveyor belt assembly by providing a lifting workbench assembly, automatically clamping the middle layer of the photovoltaic panel and flipping the top and bottom surfaces by providing a clamping and flipping assembly, irradiating the photovoltaic panel with a pulsed laser to rapidly heat and decompose the adhesive layer, and separating the upper, lower, and middle layer materials of the photovoltaic panel by providing a horizontal peeling assembly. This allows for automated disassembly of each layer of the photovoltaic panel, achieving high efficiency and excellent results.

[0030] 2. This invention comprehensively considers the advantages and disadvantages of chemical and mechanical methods to solve the problem of balancing industrial production and green recycling. It uses pulsed lasers to irradiate solar photovoltaic panels instead of traditional heating methods to achieve thermal decomposition of the EVA inside. This method consumes less energy and does not mechanically crush the solar panels. Instead, each layer is directly separated as a whole, allowing the materials in each layer to be recycled separately. This method does not cause environmental pollution and is green and efficient.

[0031] 3. In the clamping and flipping assembly of the present invention, the height of the clamping working position can be adjusted by setting the connection position of the adjusting screw, and the horizontal width of the clamping working position can be adjusted by setting the horizontal longitudinal positioning plates on both sides at the connection position, thereby adapting to the disassembly needs of photovoltaic panels of different sizes and specifications, and having good applicability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the conveyor belt assembly;

[0034] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the lifting workbench assembly;

[0035] Figure 4 As Figure 3 Enlarged structural schematic view of middle A part;

[0036] Figure 5 Schematic view of the profile of the cam adopted by the cam mechanism;

[0037] Figure 6 Schematic view of one of the three-dimensional structural views of the clamping and overturning assembly;

[0038] Figure 7 Schematic view of the second of the three-dimensional structural views of the clamping and overturning assembly;

[0039] Figure 8 Schematic view of the third of the three-dimensional structural views of the clamping and overturning assembly;

[0040] Figure 9 Schematic view of the three-dimensional structural view of the horizontal peeling assembly.

[0041] In the figure: 1, support frame; 2, conveying belt assembly; 201, feeding conveying mechanism; 202, discharging conveying mechanism; 203, transition conveying mechanism; 204, guide side plate; 3, lifting workbench assembly; 301, first lifting cylinder; 302, lifting workbench; 4, positioning assembly; 401, positioning drive motor; 402, positioning baffle; 403, spring connecting plate; 404, cam mechanism; 405, tension spring; 406, motor mounting seat; 5, clamping and overturning assembly; 501, fixed mounting plate; 502, first horizontal displacement mechanism; 503, displacement frame plate; 504, second horizontal displacement mechanism; 505, second lifting cylinder; 506, first lifting mounting plate; 507, clamping air gripper; 508, swing table air gripper; 509, adjusting screw; 510, horizontal longitudinal positioning plate; 6, pulsed laser; 7, horizontal peeling assembly; 701, third lifting cylinder; 702, second lifting mounting plate; 703, linear module; 704, peeling push plate; 8, support base plate; 801, through hole; 9, lifting support; 10, top plate; 101, auxiliary support; 102, support backing plate; 100, photovoltaic panel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The preferred embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of the present application can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and the scope of protection of the present application can be more clearly defined.

[0043] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "mounted on" another component, it may be directly on the other component or there may be a central component. When a component is considered to be "set on" another component, it may be directly set on the other component or there may be a central component. When a component is considered to be "fixed to" another component, it may be directly fixed to the other component or there may be a central component.

[0044] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "or / and" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0045] Since the power mechanism of the pulse laser-based photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation equipment provided by the present invention is mainly composed of linear modules and cylinders, the power supply system and the control systems of other pneumatic components and electric components adopt the general configuration of existing mechanical processing equipment, and the corresponding logic control program can be appropriately modified.

[0046] See also Figures 1 to 9 The present invention provides a photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation device based on pulse laser, including a support frame 1 and a support substrate 8 fixedly arranged on the top of the support frame 1. A conveyor belt assembly 2 is provided on the top of the support substrate 8 for feeding the photovoltaic panel 100 to be disassembled and sending out the various layers of materials formed by the disassembly.

[0047] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the conveyor belt assembly 2 includes a feed conveying mechanism 201 arranged at the front end of the lifting work platform assembly 3, a discharge conveying mechanism 202 arranged at the rear end of the lifting work platform assembly 3, and a transition conveying mechanism 203 arranged on both sides of the lifting work platform assembly 3 and connected with the feed conveying mechanism 201 and the discharge conveying mechanism 202 respectively. The feed conveying mechanism 201, the discharge conveying mechanism 202 and the transition conveying mechanism 203 all adopt a conveyor belt conveying mechanism driven by a servo motor. The conveying direction of the three conveying sections is the same, and the top bearing surfaces of the three sections are located in the same horizontal plane, or are lowered in sequence, so that the photovoltaic panels 100 to be disassembled can be smoothly delivered to the top surface of the lifting workbench assembly 3 by the feed conveying mechanism 201. The lifting workbench assembly 3 lifts the photovoltaic panel 100 upward and is in the disassembly working position. After the disassembly is completed, the lifting workbench assembly 3 descends, so that the remaining middle layer material (silicon panel) of the disassembled photovoltaic panel 100 is placed on the transition conveying mechanism 203, and then sent to the discharge conveying mechanism 202 by the transition conveying mechanism 203 for delivery.

[0048] Preferably, guide side plates 204 are respectively provided on both sides of the feed conveying mechanism 201, so that the photovoltaic panel 100 placed on the top conveying bearing surface of the feed conveying mechanism 201 can automatically adjust its horizontal position by the wire side plates 204 on both sides during the movement, so that its two side edges are respectively consistent with the conveying direction (horizontal transverse), which facilitates the horizontal longitudinal (perpendicular to the conveying direction) positioning of the photovoltaic panel 100 on the top conveying bearing surface of the transition conveying mechanism 203, and facilitates subsequent accurate clamping.

[0049] A lifting platform assembly 3 is provided in the middle of the conveyor belt assembly 2 for placing the photovoltaic panels 100 to be disassembled. Figure 3 As shown, the lifting platform assembly 3 includes at least one first lifting cylinder 301 fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the support base 8, and a lifting platform 302 fixedly connected to the output shaft end of each first lifting cylinder 301 and positioned above the support base 8. In this embodiment, there are four first lifting cylinders 301, evenly distributed at the four corners of the bottom surface of the lifting platform 302. The four first lifting cylinders 301 operate synchronously to drive the lifting platform 302 to move vertically smoothly, keeping the top surface always horizontal. During the process of the first lifting cylinder 301 driving the lifting platform 302 to lift and lower, the highest position of the top surface of the lifting platform 302 is located above the top surface of the conveyor belt assembly 2, and the lowest position is located below the top surface of the conveyor belt assembly 2, so that when the lifting platform 302 rises, the photovoltaic panel 100 located on the top conveying bearing surface of the transition conveying mechanism 203 is lifted and separated from the transition conveying mechanism 203. When the lifting platform 302 descends, the remaining intermediate layer material (silicon panel) of the photovoltaic panel 100 after disassembly is placed again on the top conveying bearing surface of the transition conveying mechanism 203, so that it can be sent backward by the transition conveying mechanism 203 to the discharge conveying mechanism 202.

[0050] The rear end of the lifting platform assembly 3 is provided with a positioning assembly 4 for limiting the movement of the photovoltaic panel 100 to be disassembled. Figure 4As shown, the positioning assembly 4 includes a positioning drive motor 401 fixedly mounted on the rear end side of the lifting platform 302, a positioning baffle 402 vertically movable within the top wall of the lifting platform 302, and a spring connecting plate 403 fixedly mounted below the positioning baffle 402. The output shaft end of the positioning drive motor 401 is connected to the bottom surface of the positioning baffle 402 via a cam mechanism 404, and the bottom surface of the positioning baffle 403 is connected to the top surface of the spring connecting plate 403 via a tension spring 405. A motor mounting base 406 is fixedly connected to the rear end side of the lifting platform 302, and the positioning drive motor 401 is fixedly mounted on the motor mounting base 406. In order to ensure that the positioning baffle 402 maintains a horizontal top surface and vertical lifting during the lifting process, a guide slot is opened at the rear end of the top surface of the lifting rod workbench 302, and the positioning baffle 402 is movably inserted into the guide slot to guide the vertical movement of the positioning baffle 402; at the same time, the positioning drive motor 401 (both using servo motors) and the cam mechanism 404 are symmetrically arranged in two groups on both sides of the bottom surface of the positioning baffle 403, driving the two ends of the positioning baffle 403 to rise and fall synchronously to ensure the stability of the lifting process.

[0051] Since the photovoltaic panel 100 is composed of three parts: the silicon plate in the middle, the glass plate on the front of the silicon plate and the back plate on the back of the silicon plate, and the adjacent material layers are fixed by EVA material, when using this equipment for disassembly operation, the photovoltaic panel 100 is placed with the front side facing up in advance, the glass plate on the top surface is peeled off horizontally first, and then the remaining material is turned 180 degrees so that the back plate faces up, and then the back plate on the top is peeled off horizontally. During the peeling process of the glass plate and the back plate, the silicon plate needs to be kept fixed in the direction of the glass, and the glass plate and the back plate need to be fixed in the direction of the glass. The back plate moves horizontally along the direction of the glass and is separated from the silicon plate. Therefore, the top surface height of the positioning baffle 403 needs to be always between the top and bottom surfaces of the silicon plate, so as to limit the movement of the silicon plate. In the process of peeling off the glass plate, there are silicon plate and back plate under the glass plate, and in the process of peeling off the back plate, there is only silicon plate under it. Therefore, the top surface of the positioning baffle 403 needs to have three different heights to meet the positioning requirements of the three processes of silicon plate positioning and glass plate movement, silicon plate positioning and back plate movement, and silicon plate movement.

[0052] Based on the above requirements, in this embodiment, a cam structure with two curved surfaces having different center distances from the base circle is adopted, such as Figure 5As shown in the figure, L <L1<L2,L为基圆半径,L1和L2分别为两个曲面与基圆的中心距;凸轮机构404的从动件采用滚子式从动件,从动件转动安装于定位挡板403的底面端部,与凸轮的曲面滚动接触。如此,当两侧的两个定位驱动电机401驱动两个凸轮同步转动时,可驱动定位挡板403的升降运动,通过控制从动件与曲面不同接触位置,可循环地调整定位挡板403的顶面高度。拉伸弹簧405则始终处于拉伸状态,以保证定位挡板403可自行下降复位,并保证从动件与凸轮表面的可靠接触。

[0053] A clamping and flipping assembly 5 is provided on each side of the lifting workbench assembly 3 to clamp and fix the photovoltaic panel 100 on both sides and flip the disassembly surface during the disassembly process. The following uses the clamping and flipping assembly 5 on one side as an example to explain its specific structure and working principle in detail.

[0054] like Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the clamping and flipping assembly 5 includes a fixed mounting plate 501 arranged above the supporting base plate 8, a first horizontal displacement mechanism 502 fixedly arranged on both sides of the top surface of the fixed mounting plate 501, and a displacement frame 503 fixedly connected to the top output end of the first horizontal displacement mechanism 502. Second horizontal displacement mechanisms 504 are fixedly arranged on both sides of the top surface of the displacement frame 503, and the top output end of the second horizontal displacement mechanism 504 is fixedly connected to a clamping air claw 507. At least one second lifting cylinder 505 is fixedly arranged on the middle bottom surface of the displacement frame 503, and the top output shaft end of the second lifting cylinder 505 is fixedly connected to the first lifting mounting plate 506 located above the displacement frame 503, and the top surface of the first lifting mounting plate 506 is fixedly connected to a swing table air claw 508.

[0055] In this embodiment, both the first horizontal displacement mechanism 502 and the second horizontal displacement mechanism 504 utilize mechanically coupled rodless cylinders, and two second lifting cylinders 505 are provided. Once the photovoltaic panel 100 is blocked by the positioning baffle 403, the lifting platform 302 ascends, lifting the photovoltaic panel 100. At this point, the two first horizontal displacement mechanisms 502 simultaneously drive the displacement racks 503 toward the photovoltaic panel 100. Then, the two gripping claws 507 grip the edges of the intermediate layer material (silicon plate) of the photovoltaic panel 100, preventing it from shifting during the material separation process. After the glass plate is peeled off, the two clamping air claws 507 release the silicon plate, and the second horizontal displacement mechanism 504 drives the clamping air claws 507 to move horizontally away from the silicon plate; the swing table air claws 508 clamp and fix the edge of the silicon plate, and the second lifting cylinder 505 works to drive the first lifting mounting plate 506 and the swing table air claws 508 to rise vertically; the swing table air claws 508 rotate 180° to flip the back plate at the bottom of the silicon plate to the top of the silicon plate, and then the second lifting cylinder 505 resets, causing the first lifting mounting plate 506 and the swing table air claws 508 to descend and reset; the second horizontal displacement mechanism 504 drives the clamping air claws 507 to move horizontally and reset and approach the silicon plate again, and clamp the edge of the silicon plate again, and the swing table air claws 508 release the silicon plate, completing the material flipping and re-clamping process. After the backplane is separated, the clamping claw 507 releases the silicon plate, and the two first horizontal displacement mechanisms 502 on the same side simultaneously drive the displacement frame 503 away from the silicon plate and reset it. The silicon plate then falls onto the transition conveying mechanism 203 and is transported to the discharge conveying mechanism 202 through the transition conveying mechanism 203.

[0056] Preferably, sleeves are fixedly mounted at the four corners of the bottom surface of the fixed mounting plate 501. A vertically mounted adjustment screw 509 is internally threadedly connected to the support base plate 8, with the top end of the adjustment screw 509 movably inserted into the sleeve. By adjusting the connection position of the adjustment screw 509 on the support base plate 8, the vertical distance between the fixed mounting plate 501 and the support base plate 8 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the clamping position of the clamping claw 507 and the swing table claw 508 to accommodate the clamping needs of photovoltaic panels of varying thicknesses. A horizontal longitudinal positioning plate 510 is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the displacement frame 503, adjacent to the lifting platform 302. When the first horizontal displacement mechanism 502 simultaneously drives the displacement frame 503 toward the photovoltaic panel 100, the side of the horizontal longitudinal positioning plate 510 first abuts against the side of the silicon panel, preventing the displacement frame 503 from moving forward. This allows the displacement frame 503 to accommodate the clamping needs of photovoltaic panels of varying widths. A waist-shaped hole is provided at the bottom of the horizontal longitudinal positioning plate 510, and is fixedly connected to the top surface of the displacement frame 503 by screws located in the waist-shaped hole. By adjusting the connection position of the horizontal longitudinal positioning plate 510 on the displacement frame 503, the horizontal distance between the horizontal longitudinal positioning plate 501 and the finger clamping positions of the clamping air claw 507 and the swing table air claw 508 can be adjusted accordingly, so that the edge clamping part of the silicon plate can be located exactly between the fingers of the clamping air claw 507 and the swing table air claw 508, meeting the requirements of different clamping widths of different photovoltaic panels.

[0057] Further preferably, to ensure that the photovoltaic panel 100 maintains its gripping position after flipping, the swing-type air gripper 508 is positioned at the center of the silicon panel, and the height of the swing-type air gripper 508 is no less than half the length of the silicon panel. Alternatively, the swing-type air gripper 508 may not be positioned at the center of the silicon panel. After flipping, the lifting platform 302 is first lowered, and then the swing-type air gripper 508 drives the silicon panel downward and places it on the intermediate conveyor mechanism 203. The intermediate conveyor mechanism 203 then drives the silicon panel forward until it contacts the positioning baffle 402, completing the repositioning of the silicon panel.

[0058] A pulse laser 6 is provided above the lifting workbench assembly 3, which is used to irradiate the internal metal circuit of the photovoltaic panel 100 to be decomposed to make it heat up, and the adhesive material between the layers of materials of the photovoltaic panel 100 is dissolved by heat; and a horizontal peeling assembly 7 is provided for the overall peeling between the uppermost layer of material and the lower layer of material of the heated photovoltaic panel 100.

[0059] Specifically, a lifting bracket 9 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the first lifting mounting plate 506, and a top plate 10 is fixedly provided on the top of the lifting bracket 9. Figure 9As shown, the horizontal peeling assembly 7 includes at least one third lift cylinder 701 fixedly mounted on the top surface of the top plate 10, a second lift mounting plate 702 fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the third lift cylinder 701 and located below the top plate 10, at least one linear module 703 fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the second lift mounting plate 702, and a peeling push plate 704 fixedly connected to the bottom output end of the linear module 703. The pulse laser 6 is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the second lift mounting plate 702. In this embodiment, there are four third lift cylinders 701, evenly distributed at the four corners of the top surface of the second lift mounting plate 702. The synchronized operation of the four third lift cylinders 701 drives the second lift mounting plate 702 to rise and fall smoothly vertically. The linear modules 703 are set up in two groups, which are installed parallel to the bottom surface of the human lifting mounting plate 702 on both sides in the same conveying direction as the transition conveying mechanism 203. The peeling push plate 704 is a "┌"-shaped structure, and its top horizontal section is fixedly connected to the displacement output ends of the two linear modules 703, and its bottom vertical section is located at the bottom surface of the top horizontal section at the end opposite to the conveying direction of the transition conveying mechanism 203. The pulse laser 6 is fixedly set between the two linear modules 703.

[0060] After the photovoltaic panel 100 is clamped and fixed by the clamping and flipping assembly 5, the third lifting cylinder 701 drives the second lifting mounting plate 702 to descend vertically, causing the top horizontal section of the stripping push plate 704 to press down on the top surface of the photovoltaic panel 100 near the end of the feed conveyor mechanism 201. The pulse laser 6 is then located near the top surface of the photovoltaic panel 100. The pulse laser 6 operates, irradiating the surface of the photovoltaic panel 100, causing the metal circuit inside the photovoltaic panel 100 to heat up, thereby achieving thermal decomposition of the EVA inside. When the internal EVA is thermally decomposed to a certain extent, the linear module 703 drives the stripping push plate 704 to move horizontally (consistent with the conveying direction of the transition conveyor mechanism 203). The vertical section of the stripping push plate 704 pushes the top layer of material (glass sheet) horizontally and forward synchronously, while the top horizontal section of the stripping push plate 704 remains pressed down on the top surface of the glass sheet to prevent slippage between the stripping push plate 704 and the glass sheet. Because the lower silicon plate is clamped and fixed, blocked by the positioning baffle 402 and unable to move forward, the glass plate moves relative to the silicon plate, separating it from the silicon plate. It is then pushed horizontally by the peeling push plate 704 and moved forward to the discharge conveyor 202, where it is then discharged. After the silicon plate and backing plate are flipped and fixed, the backing plate and silicon plate are separated and discharged in the same manner. Finally, the remaining silicon plate is released by the clamping and flipping assembly 5 and falls onto the transition conveyor 203, from which it is transported to the discharge conveyor 202. This completes the separation of the three layers of material.

[0061] Preferably, the pulse laser 6 is positioned above the top surface of the stripping push plate 704 to prevent positional interference with the pulse laser 6 during the horizontal forward motion of the stripping push plate 704 driven by the linear module 703. Furthermore, to ensure that the silicon plate can be flipped, the vertical distance between the bottom surface of the linear module 703 and the gripping position of the swing table air gripper 508 is no less than half the length of the silicon plate when the linear module 703 is in its highest position.

[0062] Further preferably, auxiliary brackets 101 are fixedly connected to the four corners of the bottom surface of the top plate 10, and through holes 801 are respectively opened on both sides of the top surface of the supporting substrate 8. The auxiliary brackets 101 are movably inserted into the through holes 801. An auxiliary support pad 102 is fixedly installed in the middle of the auxiliary bracket 101 and is located above the through holes 801. When the second lifting cylinder 505 drives the first lifting mounting plate 506 and the various components connected thereto to rise as a whole to perform the silicon plate flipping operation, the cooperation between the auxiliary brackets 101 and the through holes 801 plays a guiding role in the lifting and lowering of the top plate 10; in other working states, the auxiliary support pad 102 is placed above the through holes 801 and on the top surface of the supporting substrate 8, thereby providing auxiliary support for the top plate 10.

[0063] A method for disassembling and separating photovoltaic panels based on pulsed lasers, applied to the aforementioned photovoltaic panel disassembling and separating equipment based on pulsed lasers, comprises the following steps:

[0064] S1. Place the photovoltaic panel 100 to be disassembled on the feeding and conveying mechanism 201. The feeding and conveying mechanism 201 conveys the photovoltaic panel 100 to the disassembly work position, that is, above the top surface of the lifting workbench 302. During this process, the wire side plate 204 guides the photovoltaic panel 100 to achieve position adjustment, facilitating the subsequent clamping operation.

[0065] S2: The photovoltaic panel 100 is fed further by the transition conveyor mechanism 203. After being positioned by the positioning assembly 4, the photovoltaic panel 100 stops moving forward. The first lifting cylinder 301 drives the lifting platform 302 upward, lifting the photovoltaic panel 100 and separating it from the transition conveyor mechanism 203. At this point, the clamping parts on both sides of the photovoltaic panel 100 are at the clamping height of the clamping and flipping assembly 5. The two first horizontal displacement mechanisms 502 simultaneously drive the displacement frame 503 toward the photovoltaic panel 100, and then the two clamping claws 507 on each side respectively clamp the edge of the silicon panel.

[0066] S3. The third lifting cylinder 701 drives the second lifting mounting plate 702 to descend vertically, so that the top horizontal section of the stripping push plate 704 is pressed down on the top surface of the photovoltaic panel 100 close to one end of the feeding conveying mechanism 201. The pulse laser 6 is located near the top surface of the photovoltaic panel 100. The pulse laser 6 works and irradiates the surface of the photovoltaic panel 100 with a preset power for a preset time, so that the metal circuit inside it heats up, thereby realizing the thermal decomposition of the EVA inside it.

[0067] S4. When the internal EVA is pyrolyzed to a certain degree, the linear module 703 drives the peeling push plate 704 to move horizontally. The vertical section of the peeling push plate 704 pushes the top glass plate horizontally and forward synchronously. The glass plate and the silicon plate move relative to each other and separate from the silicon plate. The glass plate is then pushed horizontally forward by the peeling push plate 704 to the discharge conveyor mechanism 202, and then discharged by the discharge conveyor mechanism 202. The separation of the glass layer and the silicon plate is completed.

[0068] S5. The horizontal peeling component 7 is reset, and the two clamping claws 507 on each side release the silicon plate. The second horizontal displacement mechanism 504 drives the clamping claws 507 to move horizontally away from the silicon plate; the swing claws 508 on both sides clamp the edge of the silicon plate and fix it. The second lifting cylinder 505 works to drive the first lifting mounting plate 506 and the swing claws 508 to rise vertically; the swing claws 508 rotate 180° to flip the back plate at the bottom of the silicon plate to the top of the silicon plate, and then the second lifting cylinder 505 is reset, causing the first lifting mounting plate 506 and the swing claws 508 to descend and reset; the second horizontal displacement mechanism 504 drives the clamping claws 507 to move horizontally and reset and approach the silicon plate again, and clamp the edge of the silicon plate again. The swing claws 508 release the silicon plate, completing the material flipping and re-clamping process.

[0069] S6: After the silicon plate and the back plate are flipped and fixed, the back plate and the silicon plate are separated and the separated back plate is sent out in the same manner as in steps S3 and S4. The disassembly of the back plate and the silicon plate is completed.

[0070] S7, the horizontal peeling assembly 7 and the clamping and flipping assembly 5 are reset in sequence, and the lifting table 302 is reset downward to place the remaining silicon plate after disassembly on the transition conveyor mechanism 203, and then transported to the discharge conveyor mechanism 202. In this way, the disassembly between the three layers of materials is completed.

[0071] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0072] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention's description and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation device based on pulsed laser, comprising a support frame (1) and a support substrate (8) fixedly arranged on the top of the support frame (1), characterized in that: A conveyor belt assembly (2) is provided on the top of the supporting substrate (8) for feeding the photovoltaic panels (100) to be disassembled and for sending out the materials of each layer formed by disassembly; A lifting platform assembly (3) is provided in the middle of the conveyor belt assembly (2) for placing the photovoltaic panels (100) to be disassembled; A positioning assembly (4) is provided at the rear end of the lifting workbench assembly (3) for limiting the movement of the photovoltaic panel (100) to be disassembled; The positioning assembly (4) comprises a positioning drive motor (401) fixedly mounted on the rear end side surface of the lifting workbench (302), a positioning baffle (402) vertically movably arranged in the top wall of the lifting workbench (302), and a spring connecting plate (403) fixedly arranged below the positioning baffle (402); the output shaft end of the positioning drive motor (401) and the bottom surface of the positioning baffle (402) are connected by a cam mechanism (404); the bottom surface of the positioning baffle (403) and the top surface of the spring connecting plate (403) are connected by a tension spring (405), so that the top surface of the positioning baffle (403) has three different heights to meet the positioning requirements of the three processes of silicon plate positioning and glass plate movement, silicon plate positioning and back plate movement, and silicon plate movement of the photovoltaic panel (100) to be disassembled; The lifting workbench assembly (3) is provided with clamping and flipping assemblies (5) on both sides, respectively, for clamping and fixing the photovoltaic panel (100) to be disassembled on both sides and flipping and switching the disassembly surface during the disassembly process; The clamping and flipping assembly (5) comprises a fixed mounting plate (501) arranged above the supporting base plate (8), a first horizontal displacement mechanism (502) fixedly arranged on both sides of the top surface of the fixed mounting plate (501), and a displacement frame (503) fixedly connected to the top output end of the first horizontal displacement mechanism (502); second horizontal displacement mechanisms (504) are fixedly arranged on both sides of the top surface of the displacement frame (503); the top output end of the second horizontal displacement mechanism (504) is fixedly connected to a clamping air claw (507); at least one second lifting cylinder (505) is fixedly arranged on the middle bottom surface of the displacement frame (503); the top output shaft end of the second lifting cylinder (505) is fixedly connected to the first lifting mounting plate (506) located above the displacement frame (503); and the top surface of the first lifting mounting plate (506) is fixedly connected to a swing table air claw (508); A pulse laser (6) is provided above the lifting workbench assembly (3) for irradiating the photovoltaic panel (100) to be decomposed so as to heat and dissolve the bonding material between the layers of the panel; And a horizontal stripping assembly (7) is used for integrally stripping the uppermost layer of material and the lower layer of material of the heated photovoltaic panel (100).

2. The photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation device based on pulsed laser according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveyor belt assembly (2) comprises a feed conveying mechanism (201) arranged at the front end of the lifting worktable assembly (3), a discharge conveying mechanism (202) arranged at the rear end of the lifting worktable assembly (3), and transition conveying mechanisms (203) arranged at both sides of the lifting worktable assembly (3) and connected to the feed conveying mechanism (201) and the discharge conveying mechanism (202), respectively.

3. The photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation device based on pulsed laser according to claim 2, characterized in that: Guide side plates (204) are respectively provided on both sides of the feeding and conveying mechanism (201).

4. A photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation device based on pulsed laser according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The lifting platform assembly (3) comprises at least one first lifting cylinder (301) fixedly arranged on the bottom surface of the support base (8), and a lifting platform (302) fixedly connected to the output shaft end of each first lifting cylinder (301) and located above the support base (8). The highest position of the top surface of the lifting platform (302) is located above the top surface of the conveyor belt assembly (2), and the lowest position is located below the top surface of the conveyor belt assembly (2).

5. The photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation device based on pulsed laser according to claim 1, characterized in that: Sleeves are fixedly provided at the four corners of the bottom surface of the fixed mounting plate (501), and the internal thread of the supporting base plate (8) is connected to a vertically arranged adjusting screw (509), and the top end of the adjusting screw (509) is movably inserted into the sleeve.

6. The photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation device based on pulsed laser according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: A lifting bracket (9) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the first lifting mounting plate (506), and a top plate (10) is fixedly provided at the top of the lifting bracket (9). The horizontal peeling assembly (7) includes at least one third lifting cylinder (701) fixedly provided on the top surface of the top plate (10), a second lifting mounting plate (702) fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the third lifting cylinder (701) and located below the top plate (10), at least one linear module (703) fixedly provided on the bottom surface of the second lifting mounting plate (702), and a peeling push plate (704) fixedly provided on the output end at the bottom of the linear module (703). The pulse laser (6) is fixedly provided on the bottom surface of the second lifting mounting plate (702).

7. The photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation device based on pulsed laser according to claim 6, characterized in that: Auxiliary brackets (101) are fixedly connected to the four corners of the bottom surface of the top plate (10), through holes (801) are respectively opened on both sides of the top surface of the supporting base plate (8), the auxiliary brackets (101) are movably inserted into the through holes (801), and an auxiliary support pad (102) located above the through holes (801) is fixedly provided in the middle of the auxiliary bracket (101).

8. A method for disassembling and separating photovoltaic panels based on pulsed laser, applied to the photovoltaic panel disassembling and separating device based on pulsed laser according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, placing the photovoltaic panel (100) to be disassembled on the conveyor belt assembly (2), and the conveyor belt assembly (2) transports the photovoltaic panel (100) to a disassembly work position; S2, after the photovoltaic panel (100) is positioned by the positioning assembly (4), the lifting workbench assembly (3) moves upward to lift the photovoltaic panel (100), and the clamping and flipping assembly (5) clamps and fixes the edge of the middle layer material of the photovoltaic panel (100); S3, the pulse laser (6) irradiates the surface of the photovoltaic panel (100) at a preset power for a preset time; S4, the horizontal stripping component (7) pushes the top layer of the photovoltaic panel (100) forward horizontally, and the top layer of the material is separated from the middle layer of the material below it and enters the rear end of the conveyor belt component (2) and is sent out; S5, the horizontal peeling assembly (7) is reset, and the clamping and flipping assembly (5) flips the photovoltaic panel (100) 180° and then re-clamps and fixes it; S6, repeating steps S3 and S4, the top layer of material after flipping is separated from the middle layer of material below it, and enters the rear end of the conveyor belt assembly (2) and is sent out; S7, the horizontal stripping assembly (7) and the clamping and flipping assembly (5) are reset in sequence, and the lifting table assembly (3) is reset downward to place the remaining middle material layer after disassembly on the conveyor belt assembly (2) and is sent out by the conveyor belt assembly (2).

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