Method for predicting annealing rate of air cushion furnace tin phosphor bronze

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of air cushion furnace annealing tin phosphor bronze rate prediction method, belong to metallurgical field.The method is by the tin phosphor bronze to be annealed in rolling and placed in muffle furnace to carry out simulation annealing treatment, subsequently the simulation parameter obtained is calculated to obtain the annealing rate required when the batch tin phosphor bronze is annealed in air cushion furnace, the prediction method result is accurate, and tin phosphor bronze can realize the expected hardness after using the prediction result to carry out annealing treatment in air cushion furnace, significantly reduce production energy consumption and raw material cost.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to a method for predicting the annealing rate of tin-phosphor bronze in a gas cushion furnace. BACKGROUND

[0002] Tin-phosphor bronze is a copper alloy material with excellent mechanical properties, electrical properties and corrosion resistance, which is widely used in precision instruments and electrical equipment. In application, tin-phosphor bronze generally needs to be annealed to reduce the overall internal stress of the material, increase plasticity, toughness and electrical conductivity.

[0003] At present, tin-phosphor bronze is mainly annealed in a gas cushion furnace (gas cushion continuous annealing furnace). However, the gas cushion furnace mainly uses flowing gas to heat and support the material, and the size of the gas cushion furnace is large, so the maintenance cost is high and the energy consumption is large. If the pre-test is directly carried out in the gas cushion furnace, not only a considerable length of sample (sometimes even 100-200m) is needed, but also the energy consumption is serious during the test of the gas cushion furnace. If the pre-test is not carried out, the whole batch of products may be unqualified due to improper annealing rate.

[0004] In summary, the person skilled in the art needs to find a method for efficiently and low-costly predicting the annealing rate of tin-phosphor bronze in a gas cushion furnace. SUMMARY

[0005] Based on the defects of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a method for predicting the annealing rate of tin-phosphor bronze in a gas cushion furnace. The method places the tin-phosphor bronze to be annealed after rolling in a muffle furnace for simulated annealing treatment, and then calculates the annealing rate of the tin-phosphor bronze in the batch required for annealing treatment in the gas cushion furnace according to the simulated parameters. The prediction method has accurate results, and the tin-phosphor bronze can achieve the expected hardness after annealing treatment in the gas cushion furnace using the prediction results, which significantly reduces the production energy consumption and raw material cost.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0007] A method for predicting the annealing rate of tin-phosphor bronze in a gas cushion furnace, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) cutting the tin-phosphor bronze to be annealed into test samples; the tin-phosphor bronze is subjected to rolling treatment, and the thickness is 0.1-0.8mm;

[0009] (2) the muffle furnace is heated to the set annealing temperature T and exhaust treatment is performed, and then the test sample is placed in the muffle furnace for gradient time annealing treatment in an inert atmosphere, and the annealing time t when the test sample is annealed to the expected hardness F is determined, the unit of t is s; a heat preservation cotton layer is arranged above the base of the muffle furnace where the test sample is placed;

[0010] (3) the length L of the heating furnace in the annealing air cushion furnace is measured, and then the annealing rate R required for the tin phosphor bronze to reach the expected hardness F in the air cushion furnace at the set annealing temperature T is calculated according to the following formula:

[0011] R = 60L / t;

[0012] The unit of R is m / min.

[0013] The air cushion continuous annealing furnace is referred to as an air cushion furnace, and the main annealing treatment part is a heating furnace. It is a device frequently used in the metallurgical field. When working, the sample to be annealed is sent into the furnace at a constant conveying rate, and then continuously and continuously anneals the sample in the heating furnace in the form of gas conduction. In addition to the predetermined annealing temperature, selecting a suitable air cushion furnace annealing rate enables the sample to be uniformly heated during the annealing process and the actual heating time to be appropriate, which is a key factor to ensure product quality. In general alloy technology, before annealing the product, a certain size of sample is usually cut and gradient experiment is performed in the heating device to determine the best annealing conditions (such as annealing temperature and the annealing rate described in the present application, etc.). However, the size of the air cushion furnace is extremely large, and if the conventional pre-test is performed before the alloy is annealed using the air cushion furnace, a large amount of raw materials will be consumed. At the same time, the energy consumption of the air cushion furnace is high, and the production cost performance will be significantly reduced. However, different batches of alloy samples have different target annealing conditions. If real-time confirmation is not performed, it is likely that the entire batch of products will be unqualified. Therefore, in the technical solution of the present application, the inventor uses a muffle furnace, a low-energy fixed heating furnace, to simulate the annealing test of the tin phosphor bronze to be annealed. The tin phosphor bronze is cut into test samples after rolling, and then gradient annealing treatment experiments are performed at a set annealing temperature T to determine the time required for annealing to a predetermined hardness. Since this time is the result of simulating the heating and cooling rules of the air cushion furnace, the length of the heating furnace in the air cushion furnace is related to the time to calculate the annealing rate required for the tin phosphor bronze to reach the expected hardness when annealing in the air cushion furnace at the annealing temperature. The method has accurate prediction results, and the hardness deviation of the annealed tin phosphor bronze from the expected result can be controlled within 5Hv.

[0014] At the same time, the muffle furnace is provided with a heat preservation cotton layer above the base where the test sample is placed. The heat preservation cotton layer can better contact the test sample with slight bending, and ensure the uniformity of the annealing of the test sample. If the heat preservation cotton layer is not arranged, the prediction result may deviate greatly.

[0015] Preferably, the length of the test sample along the rolling direction of the plate strip is 48-52 mm, and the width is 28-32 mm.

[0016] Preferably, the length L of the heating furnace is the total length of the heating furnace along the conveying direction of the tin-phosphor bronze.

[0017] The length L of the heating furnace is the total length of the heating furnace along the conveying direction of the tin-phosphor bronze.

[0018] More preferably, the length L of the heating furnace is 10-15 m.

[0019] Preferably, the tin-phosphor bronze to be annealed comprises the following chemical composition by mass percentage: Sn 5-7%, P 0.1-0.25%, Zn 0-0.1%, and the balance Cu and inevitable impurities.

[0020] Preferably, the total deformation rate of the tin-phosphor bronze after the rolling treatment in step (1) is 15-65%.

[0021] Preferably, the tin-phosphor bronze is subjected to intermediate rolling treatment or finish rolling treatment in step (1), the intermediate rolling treatment is performed using a four-roll rolling mill, and the finish rolling treatment is performed using a twenty-roll rolling mill.

[0022] Preferably, in step (2), the muffle furnace is provided with an inert atmosphere system, and the inert atmosphere is introduced into the muffle furnace through the inert atmosphere system while performing exhaust treatment; more preferably, the inert atmosphere is an argon atmosphere.

[0023] More preferably, the exhaust treatment is performed for ≥10 min.

[0024] Preferably, in step (2), the height of the base of the muffle furnace for placing the test sample accounts for 20-50% of the total height of the heating cavity of the muffle furnace.

[0025] Setting the height of the heating base to 20-50% of the total height can ensure uniform heating temperature in the muffle furnace and accurate annealing test results.

[0026] Preferably, the thickness of the insulation cotton layer in the muffle furnace is 1-5 mm.

[0027] Preferably, the air cushion furnace is set to an annealing temperature of 400-650°C.

[0028] It should be noted that the tin phosphor bronze after rolling treatment is annealed in the air cushion furnace, and the size (length, width) and shape thereof are not required except that the thickness is the same as that when gradient annealing treatment is performed in the muffle furnace. It is well known to those skilled in the art that when annealing treatment is performed, as long as the thickness is the same, the heating degree of tin phosphor bronze at different positions when annealing treatment is performed in the air cushion furnace is almost the same, and therefore the size and shape thereof need not be limited, and the results tested in the muffle furnace can be directly used to predict the annealing rate when annealing is performed in the air cushion furnace.

[0029] Another object of the present application is to provide an application of the method for predicting the annealing rate of tin phosphor bronze in the air cushion furnace in processing tin phosphor bronze.

[0030] The method for predicting the annealing rate of tin phosphor bronze in the air cushion furnace in the present application can accurately predict the annealing rate of tin phosphor bronze with the same thickness and any size after rolling when annealing is performed in the air cushion furnace at an annealing temperature of 400-650℃ in such a wide range, and can effectively reduce the raw material consumption and energy consumption cost required when annealing condition exploration is performed in the process of processing tin phosphor bronze.

[0031] The present application has the beneficial effect that the present application provides a method for predicting the annealing rate of tin phosphor bronze in the air cushion furnace, which places the tin phosphor bronze to be annealed after rolling in the muffle furnace to perform simulation annealing treatment, and then calculates the parameters obtained by simulation to obtain the annealing rate required when the tin phosphor bronze is annealed in the air cushion furnace. The prediction method has accurate results, and the tin phosphor bronze can achieve the expected hardness after annealing treatment in the air cushion furnace using the prediction results, which significantly reduces the production energy consumption and raw material cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 The microstructure diagram of the sample for predicting in the present application embodiment 3 after annealing to hardness F0;

[0033] Figure 2 The microstructure diagram of the tin phosphor bronze in the present application embodiment 3 after annealing to hardness F1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to better illustrate the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application, the present application will be further described below in combination with specific examples and comparative examples, the purpose of which is to understand the content of the present application in detail, rather than to limit the present application. All other examples obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the present application. The experimental reagents and instruments involved in the implementation of the present application are common ordinary reagents and instruments unless otherwise specified.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] One embodiment of the method for predicting the annealing rate of tin-phosphor bronze in a gas cushion furnace according to the present application comprises the following steps:

[0037] (1) Cutting the tin-phosphor bronze to be annealed into test samples; the length of the test samples along the rolling direction of the strip is 50 mm, and the width is 30 mm; the tin-phosphor bronze is subjected to finish rolling treatment by a twenty-roll mill, the thickness is 0.32 mm, the thickness tolerance is ±0.003 mm, the total rolling deformation rate is 55%, the length is about 4500 m, and the width is about 420 mm;

[0038] The tin-phosphor bronze comprises the following chemical compositions in mass percentage: Sn 6.5%, P 0.15%, Zn 0.05%, and the balance of Cu and unavoidable impurities, and the impurity content is <0.01%;

[0039] (2) Raising the temperature of an STM-36-12 type muffle furnace equipped with an argon system to a set annealing temperature T=600°C and introducing argon for 15 min to exhaust the air to fully exhaust the air, and then placing the test samples in the muffle furnace for gradient time annealing treatment under an argon atmosphere, and confirming the annealing time t=29 s when the test samples are annealed to the expected hardness F0; a 3 mm thick insulation cotton layer is arranged above the base of the muffle furnace for placing the test samples; the height of the base accounts for 30% of the total height of the heating cavity of the muffle furnace;

[0040] (3) Measuring the length L=12 m of the heating furnace in the annealing gas cushion furnace, and then calculating the annealing rate R required for the tin-phosphor bronze to reach the expected hardness F in the gas cushion furnace at the set annealing temperature T according to the following formula:

[0041] R=60L / t≈24.8 m / min.

[0042] The annealing rate is used to place the tin-phosphor bronze subjected to finish rolling treatment in step (1) in a German Junker gas cushion furnace for annealing treatment at the set annealing temperature T, and the hardness of the obtained product is F1.

[0043] The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] One embodiment of the method for predicting the annealing rate of tin-phosphor bronze in a gas cushion furnace according to the present application comprises the following steps:

[0046] (1) Cutting the tin-phosphor bronze to be annealed into test samples; the length of the test samples along the rolling direction of the strip is 50 mm, and the width is 30 mm; the tin-phosphor bronze is subjected to finish rolling treatment by a twenty-roll mill, the thickness is 0.7 mm, the thickness tolerance is ±0.003 mm, and the total rolling deformation rate is 60%;

[0047] The tin phosphor bronze has the same chemical composition as that of Example 1;

[0048] (2) The STM-36-12 muffle furnace equipped with an argon system is heated to the set annealing temperature T = 600 DEG C and argon is introduced for 15 min to exhaust the air sufficiently, and then the test sample is placed in the argon atmosphere for gradient time annealing treatment, and the annealing time t = 18 s when the test sample is annealed to the expected hardness F0 is confirmed; the muffle furnace is provided with a 3 mm thick heat insulation cotton layer above the base on which the test sample is placed; the height of the base accounts for 30% of the total height of the heating cavity of the muffle furnace;

[0049] (3) The length L = 12 m of the heating furnace in the gas cushion furnace for annealing is measured, and then the annealing rate R required for the tin phosphor bronze to reach the expected hardness F in the gas cushion furnace at the set annealing temperature T is calculated according to the following formula:

[0050] R = 60L / t = 40 m / min.

[0051] The tin phosphor bronze subjected to the finish rolling treatment in step (1) is placed in the German Junker gas cushion furnace for annealing at the set annealing temperature T by using the annealing rate, and the hardness of the obtained product is F1.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] An embodiment of the method for predicting the annealing rate of the tin phosphor bronze in the gas cushion furnace according to the present application comprises the following steps:

[0054] (1) The tin phosphor bronze to be annealed is cut into a test sample; the length of the test sample along the rolling direction of the strip is 50 mm, and the width is 30 mm; the tin phosphor bronze is subjected to finish rolling treatment by a twenty-roll rolling mill, the thickness is 0.26 mm, the thickness tolerance is ±0.003 mm, and the total deformation rate of rolling is 60%;

[0055] The tin phosphor bronze has the same chemical composition as that of Example 1;

[0056] (2) The STM-36-12 muffle furnace equipped with an argon system is heated to the set annealing temperature T = 600 DEG C and argon is introduced for 15 min to exhaust the air sufficiently, and then the test sample is placed in the argon atmosphere for gradient time annealing treatment, and the annealing time t = 32 s when the test sample is annealed to the expected hardness F0 is confirmed; the muffle furnace is provided with a 3 mm thick heat insulation cotton layer above the base on which the test sample is placed; the height of the base accounts for 30% of the total height of the heating cavity of the muffle furnace;

[0057] (3) The length L = 12 m of the heating furnace in the gas cushion furnace for annealing is measured, and then the annealing rate R required for the tin phosphor bronze to reach the expected hardness F in the gas cushion furnace at the set annealing temperature T is calculated according to the following formula:

[0058] R = 60L / t = 22.5 m / min.

[0059] The tin phosphor bronze subjected to the finish rolling treatment in step (1) is placed into a German Kanthal air cushion furnace for annealing treatment at the set annealing temperature T using the annealing rate, and the hardness of the obtained product is F1.

[0060] Example 4

[0061] An embodiment of the method for predicting the annealing rate of tin phosphor bronze in an air cushion furnace according to the present application comprises the following steps:

[0062] (1) The tin phosphor bronze to be annealed is cut into a test sample; the length of the test sample along the rolling direction of the strip is 50 mm, and the width is 30 mm; the tin phosphor bronze is subjected to finish rolling treatment by a twenty-roll mill, the thickness is 0.2 mm, the thickness tolerance is ±0.003 mm, and the total rolling deformation rate is 55%;

[0063] The chemical composition of the tin phosphor bronze is the same as that in Example 1;

[0064] (2) The STM-36-12 muffle furnace equipped with an argon system is heated to the set annealing temperature T = 430℃ and argon is introduced for 15 min for exhaust treatment to fully exhaust air, and then the test sample is placed in the muffle furnace for gradient time annealing treatment under argon atmosphere, and the annealing time t = 28 s when the test sample is annealed to the expected hardness F0 is confirmed; a 3 mm thick insulation cotton layer is provided above the base of the muffle furnace where the test sample is placed; the height of the base accounts for 30% of the total height of the heating chamber of the muffle furnace;

[0065] (3) The length L = 12 m of the heating furnace in the air cushion furnace for annealing is measured, and then the annealing rate R of the tin phosphor bronze in the air cushion furnace at the set annealing temperature T to reach the expected hardness F is calculated according to the following formula:

[0066] R = 60L / t ≈ 25.7 m / min.

[0067] The tin phosphor bronze subjected to the finish rolling treatment in step (1) is placed into a German Kanthal air cushion furnace for annealing treatment at the set annealing temperature T using the annealing rate, and the hardness of the obtained product is F1.

[0068] Example 5

[0069] An embodiment of the method for predicting the annealing rate of tin phosphor bronze in an air cushion furnace according to the present application comprises the following steps:

[0070] (1) cut the tin phosphor bronze to be annealed into test samples; the length of the test samples along the rolling direction of the strip is 50 mm, and the width is 30 mm; the tin phosphor bronze is subjected to finish rolling treatment by a 20-roll rolling mill, the thickness is 0.32 mm, the thickness tolerance is ±0.003 mm, and the total rolling deformation rate is 60%;

[0071] The tin phosphor bronze has the same chemical composition as in Example 1;

[0072] (2) the STM-36-12 muffle furnace provided with an argon system is heated to the set annealing temperature T = 550 DEG C and argon is introduced for 15 min of exhaust treatment to sufficiently exhaust air, and then the test samples are placed in the muffle furnace for gradient time annealing treatment under an argon atmosphere, and it is confirmed that the annealing time t = 29 s when the test samples are annealed to the expected hardness F0; a 3 mm thick heat preservation cotton layer is provided above the base on which the test samples are placed in the muffle furnace; the height of the base accounts for 30% of the total height of the heating cavity of the muffle furnace;

[0073] (3) the length L = 12 m of the heating furnace in the annealing air cushion furnace is measured, and then the annealing rate R required for the tin phosphor bronze to reach the expected hardness F in the air cushion furnace at the set annealing temperature T is calculated according to the following formula:

[0074] R = 60L / t ≈ 24.8 m / min.

[0075] The tin phosphor bronze subjected to the finish rolling treatment in step (1) is placed in the German Junker air cushion furnace for annealing treatment at the set annealing temperature T by using the annealing rate, and the hardness of the obtained product is F1.

[0076] Example 6

[0077] An embodiment of the method for predicting the annealing rate of the tin phosphor bronze in the air cushion furnace according to the present application comprises the following steps:

[0078] (1) cut the tin phosphor bronze to be annealed into test samples; the length of the test samples along the rolling direction of the strip is 50 mm, and the width is 30 mm; the tin phosphor bronze is subjected to finish rolling treatment by a 20-roll rolling mill, the thickness is 0.2 mm, the thickness tolerance is ±0.003 mm, and the total rolling deformation rate is 55%;

[0079] The tin phosphor bronze comprises the following chemical compositions in mass percentage: Sn 5.5%, P 0.2%, Zn 0.01%, and the balance of Cu and unavoidable impurities, and the impurity content is <0.01%;

[0080] (2) The STM-36-12 muffle furnace equipped with an argon system was heated to the set annealing temperature T = 450°C and argon was introduced for 15 min to exhaust the air to fully remove the air, and then the test sample was placed in the furnace for gradient time annealing treatment under argon atmosphere, and the annealing time t = 16 s when the test sample was annealed to the expected hardness F0 was confirmed; a 3 mm thick insulation cotton layer was arranged above the base of the test sample in the muffle furnace; the height of the base accounted for 30% of the total height of the heating chamber of the muffle furnace;

[0081] (3) The length L = 12 m of the heating furnace in the annealing air cushion furnace was measured, and then the annealing rate R required for the tin phosphor bronze to reach the expected hardness F in the air cushion furnace at the set annealing temperature T was calculated according to the following formula:

[0082] R = 60L / t = 45 m / min.

[0083] The tin phosphor bronze subjected to the finish rolling treatment in step (1) was placed in the German Junker air cushion furnace for annealing treatment at the set annealing temperature T using the annealing rate, and the hardness of the obtained product was F1.

[0084] Comparative Example 1

[0085] A method for predicting the annealing rate of tin phosphor bronze in an air cushion furnace, which is only different from Example 1 in that no insulation cotton layer is arranged above the base of the test sample in the muffle furnace.

[0086] Table 1

[0087] Product [F0(Hv)] [F1(Hv)] Difference in hardness (F1 - F0) Example 1 103.7 107.0 3.3 Example 2 121.0 124.0 3 Example 3 100.8 102.2 1.4 Example 4 168.6 166.0 -2.6 Example 5 116.2 118.4 2.2 Example 6 171.2 173.2 2 Comparative Example 1 124.2 107.0 -17.2

[0088] As can be clearly seen from the results, the actual hardness F1 of the tin phosphor bronze product after annealing treatment in the air cushion furnace using the annealing rate predicted by the prediction method of the present application is almost the same as the expected hardness F0 in the muffle furnace simulation test at the same annealing treatment temperature, with a deviation of not more than 5 Hv, and the prediction annealing rate has high adaptability to the sample. The test sample subjected to annealing treatment in the muffle furnace in Example 3 and the tin phosphor bronze subjected to annealing treatment in the air cushion furnace at the same temperature were observed for microstructure, and the results are shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The grain sizes of the two samples are similar, indicating that the test sample has undergone similar annealing conditions as the tin phosphor bronze, and the prediction result is accurate. At the same time, the prediction method uses very few samples, and the energy consumption of the muffle furnace used in the method is much lower than that of the air cushion furnace, so the prediction cost is very low, and the overall product annealing treatment cost performance is high.

[0089] The key of the prediction method is that the test sample needs to fully simulate the heating and cooling law of the tin phosphor bronze in the same annealing temperature of the air cushion furnace when annealing in the muffle furnace, so the setting conditions need to be specific, as shown in Comparative Example 1, if there is no cotton layer in the muffle furnace, the annealing time that conforms to the simulation of the air cushion furnace annealing law cannot be tested, and it cannot be applied in the calculation of the air cushion furnace annealing rate, the prediction result error is great, and the product hardness after the actual air cushion furnace annealing treatment is greatly different from the expected value.

[0090] Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not a limitation on the scope of protection of the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the present application.

Claims

1. A method for predicting the rate of annealing tin-phosphorus bronze in an air cushion furnace, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Cutting the tin-phosphor bronze to be annealed into test specimens; the tin-phosphor bronze is rolled to a thickness of 0.1 to 0.8 mm; (2) heating the muffle furnace to a set annealing temperature T and performing exhaust treatment, then placing the test sample in an inert atmosphere for gradient annealing treatment, and confirming the annealing time t when the test sample is annealed to the expected hardness F, where the unit of t is s; a thermal insulation cotton layer is provided above the base of the muffle furnace where the test sample is placed; (3) Measure the length L of the heating furnace in the annealing air cushion furnace, and then calculate the annealing rate R required for the tin-phosphorus bronze to reach the desired hardness F during annealing in the air cushion furnace at the set annealing temperature T according to the following formula: R=60L / t, where the unit of R is m / min.

2. The method for predicting the rate of annealing tin-phosphorus bronze in an air cushion furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length L of the heating furnace is 10 to 15 m.

3. The method for predicting the rate of annealing tin-phosphorus bronze in an air cushion furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tin-phosphor bronze to be annealed comprises the following chemical composition by mass percentage: Sn 5-7%, P 0.1-0.25%, Zn 0-0.1% and the remainder Cu and unavoidable impurities.

4. The method for predicting the rate of annealing tin-phosphorus bronze in an air cushion furnace according to claim 1, wherein: The total deformation rate of the tin-phosphorus bronze after the rolling treatment in the step (1) is 15-65%.

5. The method for predicting the rate of annealing tin-phosphorus bronze in an air cushion furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the tin-phosphorus bronze is subjected to intermediate rolling or finishing rolling. The intermediate rolling is carried out using a four-roll mill, and the finishing rolling is carried out using a twenty-roll mill.

6. The method for predicting the rate of annealing tin-phosphorus bronze in an air cushion furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the muffle furnace is provided with an inert atmosphere system, and the inert atmosphere is introduced into the muffle furnace through the inert atmosphere system and exhaust treatment is performed at the same time.

7. The method for predicting the rate of annealing tin-phosphorus bronze in an air cushion furnace according to claim 6, characterized in that: The exhaust treatment time is ≥10 min.

8. The method for predicting the rate of annealing tin-phosphorus bronze in an air cushion furnace according to claim 1, wherein: In the step (2), the height of the base of the muffle furnace for placing the test sample accounts for 20 to 50% of the total height of the muffle furnace heating chamber.

9. The method for predicting the rate of annealing tin-phosphorus bronze in an air cushion furnace according to claim 1, wherein: The annealing temperature of the air cushion furnace is set at 400-650°C.

10. Use of the method for predicting the rate of annealing tin-phosphorus bronze in an air cushion furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in processing tin-phosphorus bronze.

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