A copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention discloses a copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire and its preparation method, belonging to the field of alloy technology. The copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire contains the following components by weight percentage: 0.6-0.8% magnesium, 0.05-0.1% yttrium, with the balance being copper and unavoidable impurities. This invention involves melting cathode copper, copper-yttrium alloy, and copper-magnesium alloy into an alloy melt, and then drawing the alloy melt while simultaneously and continuously feeding copper-magnesium alloy wire. This effectively replenishes volatile magnesium, significantly improves the compositional stability of the copper-magnesium alloy during the casting process, promotes the uniform distribution of magnesium in the alloy wire, and facilitates the formation of stable intermetallic compounds with yttrium. This effectively improves the electrical conductivity, wear resistance, and mechanical properties of the copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire, and has broad application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of alloy technology, specifically to a copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Copper-magnesium alloys are widely used in railway systems such as railway contact wires and catenary wires, as well as in electronic and information fields such as automotive wiring harnesses, medical devices, and robotics, due to their superior processing and physical properties. However, magnesium is highly reactive and readily volatilizes and oxidizes during the casting process of copper-magnesium alloys, leading to unstable magnesium distribution and affecting performance. Therefore, achieving uniform magnesium addition in copper alloys is a key issue restricting the production of high-quality copper-magnesium alloy wires in large quantities.

[0003] Furthermore, copper-magnesium alloy wires are subjected to complex loads such as vibration, impact, bending, and tension / compression during service, often leading to fracture failure. Wear is one of the significant factors inducing failure in copper-magnesium alloy wires. Therefore, improving the wear resistance of copper-magnesium alloys without sacrificing their mechanical and electrical properties is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed to achieve their widespread application.

[0004] Therefore, this application is submitted. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy with excellent mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and wear resistance. Specifically, the copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy has a tensile strength of 60–700 MPa, an electrical conductivity of 85–90% IACS, and a wear rate of less than 8 × 10⁻⁶. -3 mg / m (P=20N, V=0.418m / s).

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire contains the following components by weight percentage: 0.6-0.8% magnesium, 0.05-0.1% yttrium, with the balance being copper and unavoidable impurities.

[0008] This invention also provides a method for preparing copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Weigh out the cathode copper, copper-magnesium alloy and copper-yttrium alloy respectively according to the elemental composition of the copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire;

[0010] (2) Melt cathode copper, copper-yttrium alloy, and copper-magnesium alloy into an alloy melt;

[0011] (3) Keep the alloy melt at a constant temperature, and then use a horizontal continuous casting equipment to pull the alloy melt to obtain an alloy rod;

[0012] During the traction process, copper-magnesium alloy wire is continuously fed;

[0013] (4) The alloy casting rod is continuously extruded to obtain an extruded alloy rod;

[0014] (5) The extruded alloy rod is drawn to the required size to obtain wire;

[0015] (6) Place the wire in liquid nitrogen for heat preservation, then remove it to obtain copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire.

[0016] This invention creatively melts cathode copper, copper-yttrium alloy, and copper-magnesium alloy into an alloy melt, and then pulls the alloy melt while simultaneously and continuously feeding copper-magnesium alloy wire. This effectively replenishes the volatilized magnesium element, significantly improves the compositional stability of the copper-magnesium alloy during the melting and casting process, and promotes the uniform distribution of magnesium element in the alloy wire. It also promotes the formation of stable intermetallic compounds with yttrium element. Through deep cryogenic treatment with liquid nitrogen, it promotes the formation of a uniformly distributed dispersed strengthening phase, effectively improving the electrical conductivity, wear resistance, and mechanical properties of the copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire, and has broad application prospects.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the magnesium content in the copper-magnesium alloy is 5% to 95% by mass.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass percentage of yttrium in the copper-yttrium alloy is 10-60%.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step (2) specifically involves: melting the cathode copper at 1200-1300°C for 30-120 minutes to obtain copper liquid, adding copper-yttrium alloy to the copper liquid, holding it at 1200-1300°C for 20-40 minutes, cooling it to 1100-1200°C, adding copper-magnesium alloy and holding it at 1200-1300°C for 5-20 minutes to obtain alloy melt.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the heat preservation in step (3) is 1150-1200℃.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat preservation time in step (5) is 24 to 48 hours.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the traction rate is 4 to 6 mm / s.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the magnesium content in the copper-magnesium alloy wire is 2-6% by mass.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the feeding rate of the copper-magnesium alloy wire is v = (a*t) mm / s, where a is a rate constant, a is 0.0002 to 0.001, and t is the traction time in seconds.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the extrusion ratio is 1.5 to 4 and the extrusion rate is 5 to 8 rpm.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the single-pass drawing deformation rate is 20-30%.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the alloy casting rod is 20-40 mm.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the extruded alloy rod is 8 to 16 mm.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the copper-magnesium alloy wire is 1 to 3 mm.

[0030] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention melts cathode copper, copper-yttrium alloy, and copper-magnesium alloy into an alloy melt, and then draws the alloy melt while simultaneously feeding copper-magnesium alloy wire continuously. This effectively replenishes the volatilized magnesium element, effectively improves the compositional stability of the copper-magnesium alloy during the casting process, and promotes the uniform distribution of magnesium element in the alloy wire, promoting the formation of stable intermetallic compounds with yttrium element. This effectively improves the conductivity, wear resistance, and mechanical properties of the copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire, and has broad application prospects. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0032] In this application, the technical features described in an open-ended manner include both closed technical solutions consisting of the listed features and open technical solutions that include the listed features.

[0033] In this application, numerical ranges are referred to as continuous unless otherwise specified, and include the minimum and maximum values ​​of the range, as well as every value between the minimum and maximum values. Furthermore, when the range refers to integers, it includes every integer between the minimum and maximum values ​​of the range. Additionally, when multiple ranges are provided to describe a feature or characteristic, the ranges may be merged. In other words, unless otherwise specified, all ranges disclosed herein should be understood to include any and all subranges to which they are incorporated.

[0034] In this application, there are no particular restrictions on the specific dispersion and mixing methods.

[0035] Unless otherwise specified, all components, raw materials, or instruments used in the embodiments and comparative examples of this invention are commercially available, and the same type of components and raw materials are used in each parallel experiment.

[0036] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] A method for preparing copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire includes the following steps:

[0039] (1) According to the elemental composition of copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire: 0.6wt% magnesium, 0.05wt% yttrium, and balance copper, weigh out cathode copper, copper-magnesium alloy and copper-yttrium alloy respectively.

[0040] The copper-magnesium alloy contains 10% magnesium by mass, and the copper-yttrium alloy contains 20% yttrium by mass.

[0041] (2) Place the cathode copper in a vacuum melting furnace, evacuate the furnace and keep the vacuum level below 0.1 MPa, melt at 1300℃ for 60 min to obtain copper liquid, add copper yttrium alloy to copper liquid, keep at 1300℃ for 30 min, cool down to 1150℃, add copper magnesium alloy and keep at 10 min to obtain alloy melt.

[0042] (3) The alloy melt is poured into a holding furnace and held at 1200℃. Then it is pulled by a horizontal continuous casting equipment at a speed of 4mm / s to obtain a copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy casting rod with a diameter of 20mm.

[0043] During the traction process, a continuous wire feeding device is used to continuously add copper-magnesium intermediate alloy wire with a diameter of 1.0 mm and a magnesium content of 2wt% at the gating. The continuous wire feeding rate increases linearly according to the formula v = 0.0002 * t mm / s, where t is the traction time in seconds.

[0044] (4) The alloy casting rod is continuously extruded with an extrusion ratio of 1.56 and an extrusion rate of 6r / min to obtain an extruded alloy rod with a diameter of 16mm.

[0045] (5) The extruded alloy rod is drawn in multiple passes, with a single pass drawing deformation rate of 25%, to obtain a wire with a diameter of 5.23 mm;

[0046] (6) The wire was placed in liquid nitrogen for 48 hours and then removed to obtain copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire.

[0047] The elemental composition of the prepared copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire is maintained as follows: 0.6 wt% magnesium, 0.05 wt% yttrium, balance copper and less than 0.01 wt% impurities.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] A method for preparing copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire includes the following steps:

[0050] (1) According to the elemental composition of copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire: 0.7wt% magnesium, 0.075wt% yttrium, and balance copper, weigh out cathode copper, copper-magnesium alloy and copper-yttrium alloy respectively.

[0051] The copper-magnesium alloy contains 10% magnesium by mass, and the copper-yttrium alloy contains 20% yttrium by mass.

[0052] (2) Place the cathode copper in a vacuum melting furnace, evacuate the furnace and keep the vacuum level below 0.1 MPa, melt at 1300℃ for 60 min to obtain copper liquid, add copper yttrium alloy to copper liquid, keep at 1300℃ for 30 min, cool down to 1150℃, add copper magnesium alloy and keep at 10 min to obtain alloy melt.

[0053] (3) The alloy melt is poured into a holding furnace and held at 1200℃. Then it is pulled by a horizontal continuous casting equipment at a speed of 4mm / s to obtain a copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy casting rod with a diameter of 20mm.

[0054] During the traction process, a continuous wire feeding device is used to continuously add copper-magnesium intermediate alloy wire with a diameter of 1.0 mm and a magnesium content of 2wt% at the gating. The continuous wire feeding rate increases linearly according to the formula v = 0.0002 * t mm / s, where t is the traction time in seconds.

[0055] (4) The alloy casting rod is continuously extruded with an extrusion ratio of 1.56 and an extrusion rate of 6r / min to obtain an extruded alloy rod with a diameter of 16mm.

[0056] (5) The extruded alloy rod is drawn in multiple passes, with a single pass drawing deformation rate of 25%, to obtain a wire with a diameter of 5.23 mm;

[0057] (6) The wire was placed in liquid nitrogen for 48 hours and then removed to obtain copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire.

[0058] The elemental composition of the prepared copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire is maintained as follows: 0.7 wt% magnesium, 0.075 wt% yttrium, balance copper and less than 0.01 wt% impurities.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] A method for preparing copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire includes the following steps:

[0061] (1) According to the elemental composition of copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire: 0.8wt% magnesium, 0.1wt% yttrium, and balance copper, weigh out cathode copper, copper-magnesium alloy and copper-yttrium alloy respectively.

[0062] The copper-magnesium alloy contains 10% magnesium by mass, and the copper-yttrium alloy contains 20% yttrium by mass.

[0063] (2) Place the cathode copper in a vacuum melting furnace, evacuate the furnace and keep the vacuum level below 0.1 MPa, melt at 1300℃ for 60 min to obtain copper liquid, add copper yttrium alloy to copper liquid, keep at 1300℃ for 30 min, cool down to 1150℃, add copper magnesium alloy and keep at 10 min to obtain alloy melt.

[0064] (3) The alloy melt is poured into a holding furnace and held at 1200℃. Then it is pulled by a horizontal continuous casting equipment at a speed of 4mm / s to obtain a copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy casting rod with a diameter of 20mm.

[0065] During the traction process, a continuous wire feeding device is used to continuously add copper-magnesium intermediate alloy wire with a diameter of 1.0 mm and a magnesium content of 2wt% at the gating point. The continuous wire feeding rate increases linearly according to the formula v = 0.001 * t mm / s, where t is the traction time in seconds.

[0066] (4) The alloy casting rod is continuously extruded with an extrusion ratio of 1.56 and an extrusion rate of 6r / min to obtain an extruded alloy rod with a diameter of 16mm.

[0067] (5) The extruded alloy rod is drawn in multiple passes, with a single pass drawing deformation rate of 25%, to obtain a wire with a diameter of 5.23 mm;

[0068] (6) The wire was placed in liquid nitrogen for 48 hours and then removed to obtain copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire.

[0069] The elemental composition of the prepared copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire is maintained as follows: 0.8 wt% magnesium, 0.1 wt% yttrium, balance copper and less than 0.01 wt% impurities.

[0070] Comparative Example 1

[0071] A method for preparing a copper-magnesium alloy wire includes the following steps:

[0072] (1) According to the elemental composition of the copper-magnesium alloy wire: 0.6wt% magnesium and balance copper, weigh the cathode copper and copper-magnesium alloy respectively;

[0073] The magnesium content in the copper-magnesium alloy is 10% by mass.

[0074] (2) Place the cathode copper in a vacuum melting furnace, evacuate the furnace and keep the vacuum level below 0.1 MPa, melt at 1300℃ for 60 min to obtain copper liquid, cool down to 1150℃, add copper-magnesium alloy and keep warm for 10 min to obtain alloy melt.

[0075] (3) The alloy melt is poured into a holding furnace and held at 1200℃. Then it is pulled by a horizontal continuous casting equipment at a speed of 4mm / s to obtain a copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy casting rod with a diameter of 20mm.

[0076] During the traction process, a continuous wire feeding device is used to continuously add copper-magnesium intermediate alloy wire with a diameter of 1.0 mm and a magnesium content of 2wt% at the gating. The continuous wire feeding rate increases linearly according to the formula v = 0.0002 * t mm / s, where t is the traction time in seconds.

[0077] (4) The alloy casting rod is continuously extruded with an extrusion ratio of 1.56 and an extrusion rate of 6r / min to obtain an extruded alloy rod with a diameter of 16mm.

[0078] (5) The extruded alloy rod is drawn in multiple passes, with a single pass drawing deformation rate of 25%, to obtain a wire with a diameter of 5.23 mm;

[0079] (6) The wire was placed in liquid nitrogen for 48 hours and then removed to obtain a copper-magnesium alloy wire.

[0080] Comparative Example 2

[0081] A method for preparing copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire includes the following steps:

[0082] (1) According to the elemental composition of copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire: 0.6wt% magnesium, 0.05wt% yttrium, and balance copper, weigh out cathode copper, copper-magnesium alloy and copper-yttrium alloy respectively.

[0083] The copper-magnesium alloy contains 10% magnesium by mass, and the copper-yttrium alloy contains 20% yttrium by mass.

[0084] (2) Place the cathode copper in a vacuum melting furnace, evacuate the furnace and keep the vacuum level below 0.1 MPa, melt at 1300℃ for 60 min to obtain copper liquid, add copper yttrium alloy to copper liquid, keep at 1300℃ for 30 min, cool down to 1150℃, add copper magnesium alloy and keep at 10 min to obtain alloy melt.

[0085] (3) The alloy melt is poured into a holding furnace and held at 1200℃. Then it is pulled by a horizontal continuous casting equipment at a speed of 4mm / s to obtain a copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy casting rod with a diameter of 20mm.

[0086] During the traction process, a continuous wire feeding device is used to continuously add copper-magnesium intermediate alloy wire with a diameter of 1.0 mm and a magnesium content of 2wt% at the gating. The continuous wire feeding rate increases linearly according to the formula v = 0.0002 * t mm / s, where t is the traction time in seconds.

[0087] (4) The alloy casting rod is continuously extruded with an extrusion ratio of 1.56 and an extrusion rate of 6r / min to obtain an extruded alloy rod with a diameter of 16mm.

[0088] (5) The extruded alloy rod is drawn in multiple passes with a single-pass drawing deformation rate of 25%, resulting in a copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire with a diameter of 5.23 mm.

[0089] Comparative Example 3

[0090] A method for preparing copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire includes the following steps:

[0091] (1) According to the elemental composition of copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire: 0.6wt% magnesium, 0.05wt% yttrium, and balance copper, weigh out cathode copper, copper-magnesium alloy and copper-yttrium alloy respectively.

[0092] The copper-magnesium alloy contains 10% magnesium by mass, and the copper-yttrium alloy contains 20% yttrium by mass.

[0093] (2) Place the cathode copper in a vacuum melting furnace, evacuate the furnace and keep the vacuum level below 0.1 MPa, melt at 1300℃ for 60 min to obtain copper liquid, add copper yttrium alloy to copper liquid, keep at 1300℃ for 30 min, cool down to 1150℃, add copper magnesium alloy and keep at 10 min to obtain alloy melt.

[0094] (3) The alloy melt is poured into a holding furnace and held at 1200℃. Then it is pulled by a horizontal continuous casting equipment at a speed of 4mm / s to obtain a copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy casting rod with a diameter of 20mm.

[0095] (4) The alloy casting rod is continuously extruded with an extrusion ratio of 1.56 and an extrusion rate of 6r / min to obtain an extruded alloy rod with a diameter of 16mm.

[0096] (5) The extruded alloy rod is drawn in multiple passes, with a single pass drawing deformation rate of 25%, to obtain a wire with a diameter of 5.23 mm;

[0097] (6) The wire was placed in liquid nitrogen for 48 hours and then removed to obtain copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire.

[0098] Comparative Example 4

[0099] The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that the feeding rate of the copper-magnesium alloy wire in Comparative Example 4 is different.

[0100] The feeding rate in this comparative example is v = 0.0001 * t mm / s, which increases linearly, where t is the traction time in seconds.

[0101] Comparative Example 5

[0102] The difference between Comparative Example 5 and Example 1 is that the feeding rate of the copper-magnesium alloy wire in Comparative Example 5 is different.

[0103] The feeding rate in this comparative example is v = 0.003 * t mm / s, which increases linearly, where t is the traction time in seconds.

[0104] Test case

[0105] The properties of the copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wires prepared in the examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 1.

[0106] Mechanical properties: The mechanical properties of the wire are tested by tensile testing. The tensile test is carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB / T34505-2017, and the specimen number is selected as R7 in the table of GB / T34505-2017.

[0107] Conductivity: The electrical performance test of the wire shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB / T 351.

[0108] Wear rate: GB / T 3960—2016 "Test method for sliding friction and wear of plastics", the friction and wear test was carried out using an M2000 ring block friction and wear tester under the conditions of pressure of 20N and speed of 0.418m / s.

[0109] Table 1

[0110]

[0111]

[0112] As can be seen from Table 1, the copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire of the present invention has excellent mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and wear resistance. Specifically, the copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy has a tensile strength of 600–700 MPa, an electrical conductivity of 85–91% IACS, and a wear rate of less than 8 × 10⁻⁶. -3 The alloy has a strength of mg / m (P = 20 N, V ​​= 0.418 m / s), good uniformity, and virtually no difference between the head and tail ends. Magnesium is evenly distributed in the alloy wire, promoting the formation of stable intermetallic compounds with yttrium.

[0113] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Weigh out the cathode copper, copper-magnesium alloy and copper-yttrium alloy respectively according to the elemental composition of the copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire; (2) Melt cathode copper, copper-yttrium alloy, and copper-magnesium alloy into an alloy melt; (3) Keep the alloy melt at a constant temperature and pull the alloy melt using a horizontal continuous casting equipment to obtain an alloy rod; During the traction process, copper-magnesium alloy wire is continuously fed; (4) The alloy casting rod is continuously extruded to obtain an extruded alloy rod; (5) The extruded alloy rod is drawn to the required size to obtain wire; (6) Place the wire in liquid nitrogen for heat preservation, then remove it to obtain copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire; The copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire contains the following components by weight percentage: 0.6-0.8% magnesium, 0.05-0.1% yttrium, with the balance being copper and unavoidable impurities.

2. The method for preparing copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnesium content in the copper-magnesium alloy is 5-95% by mass; and / or The yttrium content in the copper-yttrium alloy is 10-60% by mass.

3. The method for preparing copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step (2) is as follows: the cathode copper is melted at 1200-1300℃ for 30-120 minutes to obtain copper liquid, copper yttrium alloy is added to copper liquid, and the temperature is maintained at 1200-1300℃ for 20-40 minutes. The temperature is then reduced to 1100-1200℃, copper magnesium alloy is added and the temperature is maintained for 5-20 minutes to obtain alloy melt.

4. The method for preparing copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulation temperature in step (3) is 1150-1200℃.

5. The method for preparing copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, The traction speed is 4–6 mm / s.

6. The method for preparing copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnesium content in the copper-magnesium alloy wire is 2-6% by mass; and / or The feeding rate of the copper-magnesium alloy wire is v = (a*t) mm / s, where a is the rate constant, a is 0.0002 to 0.001, and t is the traction time in seconds.

7. The method for preparing copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extrusion ratio is 1.5 to 4, and the extrusion rate is 5 to 8 rpm.

8. The method for preparing copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, The deformation rate of a single drawing pass is 20-30%.

9. The method for preparing copper-magnesium-yttrium alloy wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the alloy casting rod is 20–40 mm; and / or The diameter of the extruded alloy rod is 8–16 mm; and / or The diameter of the copper-magnesium alloy wire is 1 to 3 mm.

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