A high-altitude typical long air gap discharge photoelectric synchronous data acquisition system and method

Abstract

The application provides a high-altitude typical long air gap discharge photoelectric synchronous data acquisition system and method. The application realizes multi-angle shooting of discharge channel images by arranging a camera around a test sample, uses a light reduction device to adapt to a high-altitude strong light environment to ensure clear images, accurately obtains voltage and current information through a voltage and current sensor module, triggers a shooting instruction according to voltage information by means of a control module to realize photoelectric synchronization, and uses the control module to collect and process information to judge and calculate the development speed of a pilot, thereby being applicable to high-altitude typical long air gap discharge photoelectric synchronous data acquisition. Meanwhile, the application can also realize accurate synchronous acquisition of electrical data and microscopic discharge image data, and can perform automatic operations such as image recognition extraction, judgment and calculation of the development speed of a pilot according to the collected information through the control module in the system, thereby improving the observation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of long gap discharge observation, and in particular relates to a photoelectric synchronous data acquisition system and method for typical long air gap discharge at high altitude. Background Art

[0002] With the development of modern power engineering and the deepening of research into high-altitude meteorology and space environments, long-gap discharge phenomena have become an important research area. At high altitudes, the unique geographical and meteorological conditions, such as low relative humidity, low air pressure, low oxygen partial pressure, and frequent meteorological disasters, lead to significant differences in the long-gap discharge process compared to plains. Long-gap discharge phenomena are particularly common in environments with high electric field strength, such as those associated with high-voltage transmission lines. In-depth research into the characteristics of long-gap discharges at high altitudes is crucial for ensuring the stable operation of power systems, improving the safety of space facilities, and refining relevant physical and chemical theories.

[0003] However, current observation techniques for typical long air-gap discharges at high altitudes suffer from numerous shortcomings. Existing technologies lack efficient integrated optoelectronic observation modes, making it difficult to accurately and synchronously collect electrical data such as voltage and current with microscopic discharge image data. Furthermore, the lack of effective automated methods for image recognition and extraction of discharge channels results in low observation efficiency and an inability to quickly filter out valid data. This not only consumes significant manpower and time, but also makes it difficult to ensure the accuracy and integrity of research data, severely hindering our in-depth understanding of high-altitude long-gap discharge phenomena and the further development of related technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a photoelectric synchronous data acquisition system and method for typical long air gap discharge at high altitudes. By constructing an integrated acquisition architecture, photoelectric synchronous precise acquisition is achieved. Enhanced photoelectric isolation transmission is used to resist interference and ensure data stability. Data processing by industrial control computer automation modules improves efficiency. The application scope is expanded by relying on system compatibility, providing support for related research and practice.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a high-altitude typical long air gap discharge optoelectronic synchronous data acquisition system, comprising:

[0007] Image acquisition module, voltage and current sensor module and control module;

[0008] The image acquisition module includes a camera device and a light reduction device;

[0009] The camera device is arranged around the test sample and is used to capture the discharge channel image of the test sample at different angles;

[0010] The dimming device is provided on the camera device and is used to adjust the shooting parameters of the camera device according to the ambient light intensity to ensure that the images captured by the camera device meet the clarity requirements;

[0011] The voltage and current sensor module is used to obtain the voltage information of the voltage source and the voltage and current information of the test product;

[0012] The control module is used to trigger the shooting instructions of the image acquisition module according to the voltage information of the voltage generation source; it is also used to collect the voltage and current information of the test sample and the discharge channel image, and judge and calculate the leader development speed when the gap is broken down based on the collected information and the discharge channel image.

[0013] Furthermore, the camera device includes:

[0014] Several cameras;

[0015] Several cameras are evenly distributed around the test object, and the viewing angles of adjacent cameras have overlapping parts;

[0016] The cameras are connected through a synchronization controller, and each camera is provided with a light reduction device.

[0017] Furthermore, the shooting parameters adjusted by the dimming device include exposure time, and the dimming device adjusts the exposure time according to the following formula:

[0018]

[0019] Where, For the ideal exposure time, is the maximum light intensity that the image sensor can process, is the current ambient light intensity, is the exposure time.

[0020] Furthermore, the shooting parameters adjusted by the light reduction device include aperture size and sensitivity. The light reduction device determines the adjustment range of the aperture size and sensitivity according to the following formula:

[0021]

[0022]

[0023] Where, is the aperture size, is the sensitivity, The intensity of light currently processed by the image sensor.

[0024] Furthermore, the number of cameras is at least 3;

[0025] If the number of cameras is 3, then the 3 cameras are evenly distributed around the test piece;

[0026] If the number of cameras is 4, the 4 cameras will be arranged in a four-corner layout;

[0027] If there are 6 cameras, 4 of them are arranged in a four-corner layout, and the other 2 cameras are placed at the center of the four-corner layout with their viewing angles perpendicular to each other; or 4 of them are arranged in a four-corner layout with an inclined arrangement, and the other 2 cameras are placed at the center of the four-corner layout with their viewing angles perpendicular to each other;

[0028] If the number of cameras is 7, 6 of them are arranged around the test piece, and 2 of them are symmetrically arranged along one diagonal line of the four corners, and the other 4 cameras are symmetrically arranged along the other diagonal line of the four corners; the remaining 1 camera is arranged at the shooting center of the other 6 cameras.

[0029] Furthermore, the control module includes:

[0030] Data acquisition module, data storage module, data analysis module and remote transmission module;

[0031] The data acquisition module includes optical acquisition channel, voltage acquisition channel and current acquisition channel;

[0032] The optical collection channel is connected to the image collection module and is used to collect images of the discharge channel;

[0033] The voltage acquisition channel and the current acquisition channel are respectively connected to the voltage sensor and the current sensor in the voltage and current sensor module, and are used to respectively acquire voltage information and current information;

[0034] The data storage module is used to store various types of collected information;

[0035] The data analysis module is used to determine whether a pressure test has occurred based on the voltage information collected from the voltage source. If so, it triggers the image acquisition module to shoot. It is also used to determine whether the gap has broken down based on the current information. It is also used to calculate the leader development speed when the gap breaks down using the collected discharge channel image.

[0036] The remote transmission module is used to realize data transmission between the control module and the remote server.

[0037] Furthermore, the voltage and current sensor module includes at least:

[0038] One set of current sensors and two sets of voltage sensors;

[0039] Two sets of voltage sensors are installed at the impulse voltage generator and the test sample respectively, for measuring voltage information of the voltage generation source and voltage information of the test sample respectively;

[0040] One set of current sensor is installed at the test sample, for measuring current information of the test sample.

[0041] Further, the image acquisition module further comprises:

[0042] An opto-isolating transmission module;

[0043] The opto-isolating transmission module is used to reduce external interference in the transmission of the discharge channel image and voltage and current information based on electromagnetic shielding technology.

[0044] In a second aspect, the application further provides a high-altitude typical long air gap discharge photoelectric synchronous data acquisition method, which is realized based on the high-altitude typical long air gap discharge photoelectric synchronous data acquisition system as described in the first aspect, and comprises the following steps:

[0045] The voltage information of the voltage generation source and the voltage and current information of the test sample are continuously acquired by the control module;

[0046] If the voltage information of the voltage generation source exceeds a set voltage threshold, the voltage and current information of the test sample are recorded and stored, and a shooting instruction is issued to the image acquisition module;

[0047] The discharge channel image of the test sample is acquired from the image acquisition module and stored;

[0048] The development speed of the leader at the time of gap breakdown is determined and calculated according to the current information and the discharge channel image of the test sample.

[0049] Further, the development speed of the leader at the time of gap breakdown is determined and calculated according to the current information and the discharge channel image of the test sample, which comprises:

[0050] If the current information of the test sample exceeds a current threshold, it is determined that the gap has broken down and a picture recognition instruction is triggered;

[0051] According to the picture recognition instruction, the discharge channel image within a set time range before and after the gap breakdown is intercepted, and the discharge channel image is subjected to noise reduction processing;

[0052] The gray value of each image is extracted and a corresponding gray value array is formed, and it is determined whether the gray value array of each image satisfies a set gray threshold condition;

[0053] All images satisfying the gray threshold condition are screened, and the development speed of the leader is calculated according to the time interval and the development distance of adjacent two images.

[0054] In summary, the present invention provides a photoelectric synchronous data acquisition system for typical long air gap discharges at high altitudes, which includes an image acquisition module, a voltage and current sensor module, and a control module. The present invention arranges a camera device around the sample to capture discharge channel images from multiple angles, utilizes a light reduction device to adapt to the high-altitude strong light environment to ensure image clarity, accurately obtains voltage and current information through the voltage and current sensor module, and then triggers a shooting instruction based on the voltage information with the help of the control module to achieve photoelectric synchronization, and utilizes the control module to collect and process information to determine and calculate the leader development speed, thereby being suitable for photoelectric synchronous data acquisition of typical long air gap discharges at high altitudes. At the same time, the present invention can also realize the precise synchronous acquisition of electrical data and microscopic discharge image data, and the control module in the system can perform automated operations such as image recognition and extraction, judgment and calculation of leader development speed based on the collected information, thereby solving the problem of lack of effective automated methods in discharge channel image recognition and extraction, resulting in low observation efficiency and difficulty in ensuring data accuracy and integrity.

[0055] The present invention also provides a method for collecting photoelectric synchronous data of typical long air gap discharge at high altitude, which has the same effect as the above-mentioned system when implemented, and will not be described in detail here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0057] Figure 1 A block diagram of a typical high-altitude long air gap discharge optoelectronic synchronous data acquisition system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2 The camera placement strategy provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of a method for collecting optoelectronic synchronous data of a typical long air gap discharge at high altitude provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] In order to make the purposes, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] An embodiment of the present invention provides a photoelectric synchronous data acquisition system for typical long air gap discharge at high altitude, comprising: an image acquisition module, a voltage and current sensor module, and a control module.

[0062] The image acquisition module includes a camera device and a light reduction device; the camera device is arranged around the sample and is used to capture images of the discharge channel of the sample at different angles; the light reduction device is set on the camera device and is used to adjust the shooting parameters of the camera device according to the ambient light intensity to ensure that the images captured by the camera device meet the clarity requirements.

[0063] It should be noted that the cameras are positioned around the specimen to capture images of the discharge channel from different angles. Since the discharge process can occur in different directions, multi-angle capture comprehensively records optical information such as the discharge channel's morphology and development process, avoiding blind spots and providing complete image data for subsequent analysis of the discharge mechanism.

[0064] A dimming device is installed on the camera, primarily used to adjust the camera's shooting parameters based on ambient light intensity. At high altitudes, strong light may be present, such as intense sunlight or the strong light generated by the discharge itself. By adjusting shooting parameters such as aperture size, shutter speed, and sensitivity, the dimming device ensures that images captured by the camera meet clear requirements, preventing overexposure and loss of detail, and ensuring high-quality images of the discharge channel.

[0065] The voltage and current sensor module is used to obtain the voltage information of the voltage source and the voltage and current information of the test product.

[0066] It should be noted that the voltage and current sensor modules are used to obtain voltage information from the voltage source and the voltage and current information of the test specimen. During the discharge process, accurately understanding the voltage generation and the voltage and current changes across the test specimen is crucial for analyzing discharge characteristics. By placing voltage sensors at different locations (such as at the impulse voltage generator and the test specimen), a comprehensive understanding of voltage transmission and distribution can be achieved. Current sensors measure the current waveform at the test specimen, reflecting parameters such as current magnitude and rate of change during the discharge process. Combining this electrical data with image data allows for in-depth analysis of the electrical characteristics of the discharge process.

[0067] The control module is used to trigger the shooting instructions of the image acquisition module according to the voltage information of the voltage generation source; it is also used to collect the voltage and current information of the test sample and the discharge channel image, and judge and calculate the leader development speed when the gap is broken down based on the collected information and the discharge channel image.

[0068] It should be noted that, on the one hand, the control module is used to trigger the image acquisition module's capture instructions based on the voltage information from the voltage source. This ensures that during the discharge process, when the voltage reaches a certain condition (the voltage threshold associated with the onset of discharge), the camera device can promptly begin recording, achieving synchronization between the recording of electrical and optical phenomena. This ensures that the corresponding discharge channel image can be captured simultaneously with the voltage change initiating the discharge. On the other hand, the control module is also used to collect the test sample's voltage and current information and discharge channel image, and based on this collected information and discharge channel image, determine and calculate the leader growth speed during gap breakdown. By comprehensively analyzing the various collected data, key parameters such as whether the gap has broken down, the current at breakdown, the voltage peak, and the leader growth speed can be extracted, providing an important basis for a deeper understanding of the discharge process and evaluating the performance of related equipment.

[0069] This embodiment provides a photoelectric synchronous data acquisition system for typical high-altitude long air-gap discharges. By triggering the image acquisition module's capture instructions based on voltage information, a control module synchronizes electrical data acquisition with optical image acquisition during discharge, ensuring efficient and accurate photoelectric synchronous data acquisition. Furthermore, after acquiring images of the discharge channel, the control module in this embodiment automatically performs judgments and calculations based on the acquired information. For example, valid images are selected through image processing (e.g., capturing images for specific time periods, noise reduction, and grayscale value extraction). Key parameters such as leader growth rate are further calculated, improving observation efficiency and enabling rapid screening of valid data and automatic extraction of key parameters.

[0070] In one embodiment, the camera device includes: a plurality of cameras; the cameras are evenly distributed around the sample, and the viewing angles of adjacent cameras have overlapping parts; the cameras are connected through a synchronization controller, and each camera is provided with a light reduction device.

[0071] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 The following figure shows a design for a typical high-altitude, long-air-gap discharge optoelectronic synchronous data acquisition system. High-speed camera array A consists of three high-speed cameras (the number of high-speed cameras can be determined based on the layout plan; the figure only shows three).

[0072] It should be noted that due to the characteristics of high-altitude environments, high-speed cameras with high frame rates (e.g., 10,000 to 500,000 fps), high sensitivity, and low noise are recommended. These cameras should be equipped with a global shutter to reduce motion blur and include built-in ND filter adjustment capabilities. Each camera should have a unique IP address for easy network connection management. A SyncBee synchronization controller, receiving an external 10MHz reference frequency and 1PPS pulse signals via an optical fiber interface, ensures that the slightest timing difference between all cameras does not exceed ±1ns.

[0073] Choose an adjustable neutral density filter or electronic shutter for the light reduction device, ensuring that the amount of light entering can be quickly adjusted according to light intensity, while also taking into account the UV resistance of the filter. The light reduction device is equipped with a sensor that monitors the current light intake and ambient light conditions in real time. It automatically adjusts the light intake based on external light conditions to maintain a constant light level, reducing the impact of external light changes on observation results.

[0074] The intelligent tunable optical filter primarily consists of a filter body, a photosensor, a micromotor, a control circuit, and an algorithm. The integrated photosensor senses ambient light intensity, combined with the discharge event intensity acquired by a discharge event detection module (such as a high-speed camera or dedicated sensor) and the observation requirements set by the user via remote control. The control circuit and algorithm control the rotation of the micromotor, thereby changing the filter's light-transmitting area and achieving precise adjustment of the amount of light entering.

[0075] First, a high-transmittance, high-stability material is selected as the filter substrate. Transparent and light-blocking areas are designed on the filter, and patterns of varying transmittance are formed on the filter surface through mechanical or chemical methods (such as photolithography and etching). Micromotors and transmission mechanisms are installed on one or both sides of the filter to adjust the position and size of the filter's transparent areas.

[0076] Select photosensors with high sensitivity and a wide spectral response range, such as photoresistors and photodiodes, to sense ambient light intensity in real time. Integrate a discharge event detection module, such as a high-speed camera or specialized sensor, to measure parameters such as the intensity and location of the discharge event. The output signals from the photosensor and discharge event detection module are connected to the control circuit to serve as the basis for adjusting the filter transmittance.

[0077] Design a control circuit, including signal amplification, filtering, and analog-to-digital conversion, to convert the output signals from the photosensor and discharge event detection module into digital signals for subsequent algorithm processing. Develop an intelligent algorithm to calculate and output control signals based on ambient light intensity, discharge event intensity, and user-defined observation requirements to control the rotation of the micromotor. The algorithm should be able to adjust the control signal in real time to adapt to changes in ambient light and discharge event intensity while meeting user-defined observation requirements.

[0078] In further embodiments, the light reduction measure of the light reduction device comprises adjusting the exposure time.

[0079] When adjusting the exposure time, the ideal exposure time is calculated using the following formula:

[0080]

[0081] wherein, is the ideal exposure time to ensure that the image is not overexposed; is the maximum intensity of light that the image sensor can handle (to avoid overexposure); is the intensity of the current ambient light (the intensity of the light); is the exposure time (shutter speed).

[0082] If I current > I max , the exposure time will be shortened to avoid overexposure.

[0083] In further embodiments, the light reduction measure of the light reduction device further comprises adjustment of the aperture and ISO.

[0084] When considering the adjustment of the aperture and ISO, the overall exposure can be represented as:

[0085]

[0086] wherein, is the aperture size, is the ISO, is the intensity of the light currently processed by the image sensor

[0087] To avoid overexposure, it is required that under the current light intensity: According to the above formula, by dynamically adjusting t, f and ISO, it can be ensured that the captured image will not be overexposed.

[0088] The intelligent adjustment process is to obtain the current light intensity, calculate the ideal exposure time according to the formula, adjust the aperture and ISO, ensure that the total exposure value is within a reasonable range, dynamically adjust t, f and ISO according to the shooting requirements, and always ensure that I sensor ≤ I max .

[0089] A high-precision, low-noise micro motor, such as a stepper motor or a DC motor, is selected to drive the light transmission area on the filter to move. A transmission mechanism, such as a gear or a slide rail, is designed to convert the rotary motion of the micro motor into linear motion or rotary motion of the light transmission area of the filter. The transmission mechanism is designed to have sufficient precision and stability to ensure that the position and size of the light transmission area of the filter can be accurately adjusted.

[0090] The filter body, photosensor, discharge event detection module, control circuit, and micro-motor are integrated together to form a complete intelligent tunable optical filter system. The system is fully tested, including functional testing, performance testing, and stability testing, to ensure that the system can work properly and meet design requirements.

[0091] A remote control module is designed to allow users to adjust the filter transmittance in real time via a remote terminal (such as a mobile phone or computer). A user-friendly interface is provided to facilitate users to set observation requirements, view system status, and receive alarm information.

[0092] By combining multiple high-speed cameras at different angles, full coverage of the microscopic discharge process can be achieved. The traditional single-machine arrangement is to use one high-speed camera to shoot the microscopic discharge process. If the corona initiation point is on the back of the specimen, effective shooting cannot be performed. By adding a high-speed camera on the other side and shooting the corona initiation point of the specimen orthogonally, it is possible to shoot the corona initiation point in the top gap of the electrode, such as the rod plate or ball plate. In order to address the problem that the side of the specimen cannot be covered in the previous two designs, in one embodiment, the number of cameras is at least 3.

[0093] When the number of cameras is 3, the three high-speed cameras are installed with the test piece as the center and at the same distance from the test piece. At the same time, the optimal focal length of the high-speed camera is set according to the target observation area. The angle between each high-speed camera and the test piece is 120° to ensure that the discharge process is captured in all directions.

[0094] When the number of cameras is 4 or more, high-speed cameras need to be installed in four horizontal directions to shoot the ring plate, ring combination gap, double ring combination gap, etc. Their vignetting points may be anywhere between the horizontal tangent point and the vertical tangent point below the ring.

[0095] First, a terrain model is created and four unevenly distributed points are designed as camera positions to ensure full coverage of the discharge area. The camera angles are adjusted according to the actual terrain to ensure that adjacent camera angles have at least 20% overlap. This allows the full picture of the discharge phenomenon to be captured in high-altitude areas with complex terrain, facilitating later image fusion. Based on the above design concepts, four layout strategies for the high-speed camera array are proposed in this embodiment, such as Figure 2As shown in the figure. Layout Strategy 1 is a classic four-corner layout, the most common camera network layout currently used for motion capture and collision event recording. Layout Strategy 2 adds two cameras to the four-corner layout. This enhanced layout aims to improve monitoring redundancy and accuracy. Four of the cameras in this layout are arranged in a four-corner layout, with the other two cameras positioned at the center of the four-corner layout with perpendicular viewing angles. Alternatively, four of the cameras are arranged in a four-corner layout with an angled arrangement, with the other two cameras positioned at the center of the four-corner layout with perpendicular viewing angles. Layout Strategy 3 optimizes Strategy 2 by tilting the four peripheral cameras at a certain angle. This innovative design fully utilizes the camera's viewing angle characteristics, providing wider coverage of the entire monitoring area and reducing blind spots. This arrangement increases the overlap of the camera network's viewing angles, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of event reconstruction. Deployment Strategy 4, a further improvement on Strategy 3, aims to maximize the camera network's coverage. This strategy employs seven cameras, six of which are positioned around the specimen. Two of these cameras are symmetrically arranged along one diagonal line at each corner, and four are symmetrically arranged along the other diagonal line. The remaining camera is located at the center of the remaining six cameras' field of view. This strategy not only ensures that all four corners of the aluminum alloy plate (or monitoring area) are within the field of view of at least two cameras, but also significantly increases the monitoring density in these critical areas. This improvement effectively addresses the four-corner monitoring blind spots common in the other three deployment methods, particularly the limited field of view that hinders monitoring accuracy in the traditional four-corner deployment. Strategy 4 achieves more comprehensive and accurate coverage of the monitoring area, providing strong support for capturing and analyzing dynamic events. To account for the effects of high-altitude winds, the camera bracket is constructed of high-strength aluminum alloy, with a heavy-duty base at the bottom and a streamlined wind shield at the top to reduce drag. The bracket is reinforced with ground anchors.

[0096] The camera array is installed in the designated location and initially debugged, including adjusting camera parameters such as white balance, exposure time, and shutter speed. Connect the synchronization control module and calibrate the timing of each camera using GPS or fiber optic synchronization technology to ensure that the timing error between cameras during shooting is within nanoseconds. Due to the high intensity of solar radiation and more intense lighting conditions at high altitudes, a 48-hour continuous stable operation test is required under actual shooting conditions to check image quality, synchronization, and light reduction. Based on the test results, further adjustments are made to the camera parameters and layout until they meet the requirements.

[0097] In one embodiment, the control module includes: a data acquisition module, a data storage module, a data analysis module and a remote transmission module;

[0098] The data acquisition module includes an optical acquisition channel, a voltage acquisition channel and a current acquisition channel; the optical acquisition channel is connected to the image acquisition module for acquiring images of the discharge channel; the voltage acquisition channel and the current acquisition channel are respectively connected to the voltage sensor and the current sensor in the voltage and current sensor module for acquiring voltage information and current information respectively; the data storage module is used to store various types of information collected; the data analysis module is used to determine whether a pressure test occurs based on the voltage information of the source of the collected voltage generation, and if so, trigger the shooting instruction of the image acquisition module; it is also used to determine whether the gap is broken down based on the current information; it is also used to calculate the leader development speed when the gap breaks down using the collected discharge channel image; the remote transmission module is used to realize data transmission between the control module and the remote server.

[0099] Please refer again Figure 1 , the control module can adopt an industrial control computer D, and the data acquisition module E, data storage module I, data analysis module J and remote transmission module K are integrated in the industrial control computer. The data acquisition module E has three acquisition channels, which are based on the trigger voltage of the voltage acquisition channel for acquisition. The data storage module I adopts a high-speed acquisition card for storage, and the maximum acquisition speed should be able to reach 100MB / s. The data analysis module J is equipped with voltage, current and high-speed camera data processing software, which can process the photoelectric data, that is, first determine whether the test piece is broken down based on the voltage and current data, analyze the peak rise time and other parameters of the voltage and current waveforms and issue image processing instructions. In view of the high regional coverage of the 4G network, stable signal, and portable module installation, the remote transmission module K of the present invention preferably uses 4G communication to improve the adaptability of the observation system to the installation environment.

[0100] In a further embodiment, there are two sets of voltage sensors, one set installed at the impulse voltage generator and the other set installed at the test piece, respectively detecting the voltage waveform generated by the impulse voltage generator and the voltage waveform actually applied to the test piece; the current sensor is installed at the test piece to reduce measurement errors.

[0101] In a further embodiment, the image acquisition module also includes an optoelectronic isolation transmission module. This module ensures that measurement signals, such as current and electric field, are not interfered with during transmission, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of data acquisition. Compared to conventional optoelectronic isolators, this optoelectronic isolation transmission module is designed based on high-altitude enhanced optoelectronic isolation transmission technology. It utilizes higher-performance isolation components and a more optimized circuit design to ensure effective electrical isolation even in harsh high-altitude environments. This isolation capability effectively prevents interference and crosstalk between electrical signals, improving data transmission reliability. High-altitude enhanced optoelectronic isolation transmission technology utilizes UV-resistant optoelectronic components, such as UV-resistant lenses and sensors, to ensure continued operation under prolonged, high-intensity UV exposure. High-altitude enhanced optoelectronic isolation transmission technology optimizes the circuit transmission signal path, such as through improved power management and signal conditioning circuits, to reduce transmission losses and enhance signal integrity. The circuit design incorporates redundancy and fault-tolerance mechanisms to ensure continued operation even in the event of component failure, thereby improving overall system stability and reliability. High-altitude enhanced optoelectronic isolation transmission technology improves the electromagnetic compatibility of the system and reduces the impact of external electromagnetic interference on data transmission by optimizing circuit design and adopting advanced electromagnetic shielding technology.

[0102] The optoelectronic isolation transmission module includes an optoelectronic isolation module. A high-performance optocoupler or optoelectronic converter, such as the Texas Instruments ISO7840A, can be used. This optocoupler maintains stability over an operating temperature range of -55°C to +125°C, ensuring complete isolation of electrical signals. The module's high and low temperature resistance is also considered to accommodate the wide temperature ranges found in high-altitude environments. The data transmission line utilizes shielded twisted-pair cable with a Teflon outer sheath and an embedded metal mesh shield to minimize signal attenuation and electromagnetic interference. A custom UDP protocol stack is designed with CRC checksum and retransmission mechanisms to enhance data transmission reliability and stability.

[0103] Manufacture the optoelectronic isolation module and data transmission lines according to the design drawings, rigorously screening and testing raw materials to ensure quality. Carefully control the temperature, humidity, and cleanliness of the production environment to prevent contamination and electrostatic interference. Install the optoelectronic isolation module between the camera array and the data transmission terminal, ensuring a secure and reliable connection. When laying data transmission lines, avoid running them parallel to high-voltage power lines or sources of electromagnetic interference. Choose a perpendicular or staggered arrangement to minimize electromagnetic coupling. Also, use shielded cables (such as shielded twisted pair or coaxial cables) to minimize interference.

[0104] The embodiment of the present application also provides a high-altitude typical long air gap discharge photoelectric synchronous data acquisition method, which is realized based on the high-altitude typical long air gap discharge photoelectric synchronous data acquisition system as in the foregoing embodiment. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the method comprises the following steps:

[0105] Step one: continuously acquire voltage information of a voltage source and voltage and current information of a test sample through a control module.

[0106] Before acquiring the voltage and current information, a light-reducing high-speed camera array and an enhanced photoelectric isolation system need to be arranged. Then, a voltage sensor and a current sensor respectively monitor voltage and current waveforms in the background.

[0107] Step two: if the voltage information of the voltage source exceeds a set voltage threshold, record and store the voltage and current information of the test sample, and issue a shooting instruction to an image acquisition module.

[0108] Determine whether the voltage of the voltage source is greater than a trigger threshold. If yes, trigger a high-speed camera recording instruction.

[0109] Step three: acquire and store discharge channel images of the test sample from the image acquisition module.

[0110] Store current, voltage and high-speed camera data.

[0111] Step four: determine and calculate a leader development speed at the time of gap breakdown according to the current information and the discharge channel images of the test sample.

[0112] In a further embodiment, determining and calculating the leader development speed at the time of gap breakdown according to the current information and the discharge channel images of the test sample comprises:

[0113] Step one: if the current information of the test sample exceeds a current threshold, determine that the gap is broken down and trigger a picture recognition instruction;

[0114] Step two: according to the picture recognition instruction, intercept discharge channel images within a set time range (such as 20 ms) before and after the time of gap breakdown, and perform noise reduction processing on the discharge channel images;

[0115] Step three: extract a gray value of each image and form a corresponding gray value array, and determine whether the gray value array of each image meets a set gray threshold condition;

[0116] Step four: screen all images meeting the gray threshold condition, and calculate the leader development speed according to a time interval and a leader development distance of adjacent two images.

[0117] The current, voltage and optical data of long gap discharge can be transmitted through a remote transmission module.

[0118] The above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit the present application; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those ordinarily skilled in the art should understand: the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing examples can be modified, or some technical features can be replaced equivalently; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A typical high-altitude long air gap discharge photoelectric synchronous data acquisition system, characterized in that: include: Image acquisition module, voltage and current sensor module and control module; The image acquisition module includes a camera device and a light reduction device; The camera device is arranged around the sample and is used to capture the discharge channel image of the sample at different angles; The dimming device is provided on the camera device and is used to adjust the shooting parameters of the camera device according to the ambient light intensity to ensure that the images captured by the camera device meet the clarity requirements; The voltage and current sensor module is used to obtain voltage information of the voltage generating source and voltage and current information of the test sample; The control module is used to trigger the shooting instruction of the image acquisition module according to the voltage information of the voltage generating source; It is also used to collect voltage and current information and discharge channel images of the test sample, and judge and calculate the leader development speed when the gap breaks down based on the collected information and the discharge channel images; The camera device comprises: Several cameras; The number of the cameras is at least 3; If the number of the cameras is 3, the 3 cameras are evenly distributed around the test piece; If the number of the cameras is 4, the 4 cameras are arranged in a four-corner layout; If the number of the cameras is 6, 4 of the cameras are arranged in a four-corner layout, and the other 2 cameras are arranged at the shooting center of the four-corner layout with their viewing angles perpendicular to each other; or 4 of the cameras are arranged in a four-corner layout and tilted, and the other 2 cameras are arranged at the shooting center of the four-corner layout with their viewing angles perpendicular to each other; If the number of the cameras is 7, 6 of the cameras are arranged around the test piece, and 2 of the cameras are symmetrically arranged along a diagonal line of the four corners, and the other 4 cameras are symmetrically arranged along another diagonal line of the four corners; the remaining 1 camera is arranged at the shooting center of the other 6 cameras.

2. The high-altitude typical long air gap discharge photoelectric synchronous data acquisition system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The plurality of cameras are evenly distributed around the sample, and the viewing angles of adjacent cameras have overlapping portions; The cameras are connected via a synchronization controller, and each camera is provided with the light reduction device.

3. The high-altitude typical long air gap discharge photoelectric synchronous data acquisition system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The shooting parameters adjusted by the dimming device include exposure time, and the dimming device adjusts the exposure time according to the following formula: ； Where, For the ideal exposure time, is the maximum light intensity that the image sensor can process, is the current ambient light intensity, is the exposure time.

4. The high-altitude typical long air gap discharge photoelectric synchronous data acquisition system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The shooting parameters adjusted by the dimming device include aperture size and sensitivity. The dimming device determines the adjustment range of the aperture size and the sensitivity according to the following formula: ； ； Where, is the aperture size, is the sensitivity, The intensity of light currently processed by the image sensor.

5. The high-altitude typical long air gap discharge photoelectric synchronous data acquisition system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The control module includes: Data acquisition module, data storage module, data analysis module and remote transmission module; The data acquisition module includes an optical acquisition channel, a voltage acquisition channel and a current acquisition channel; The optical collection channel is connected to the image collection module and is used to collect the discharge channel image; The voltage acquisition channel and the current acquisition channel are respectively connected to the voltage sensor and the current sensor in the voltage and current sensor module, and are used to respectively acquire voltage information and current information; The data storage module is used to store various types of collected information; The data analysis module is used to determine whether a pressure test has occurred based on the collected voltage information of the voltage generating source, and if so, trigger the shooting instruction of the image acquisition module; it is also used to determine whether the gap has broken down based on the current information; and it is also used to calculate the leader development speed when the gap breaks down using the collected discharge channel image; The remote transmission module is used to realize data transmission between the control module and the remote server.

6. The high-altitude typical long air gap discharge photoelectric synchronous data acquisition system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The voltage and current sensor module comprises at least: One set of current sensors and two sets of voltage sensors; Two sets of voltage sensors are installed at the impulse voltage generator and the test sample, respectively, for measuring the voltage information of the voltage generating source and the voltage information of the test sample; A set of current sensors is installed at the test sample to measure current information at the test sample.

7. The high-altitude typical long air gap discharge photoelectric synchronous data acquisition system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The image acquisition module also includes: Optoelectronic isolation transmission module; The photoelectric isolation transmission module is used to reduce external interference during the transmission of the discharge channel image and the voltage and current information based on electromagnetic shielding technology.

8. A method for collecting photoelectric synchronous data of typical long air gap discharge at high altitude, characterized in that: The method is implemented based on the photoelectric synchronous data acquisition system for typical long air gap discharge at high altitude according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps: The control module continuously collects voltage information of the voltage generating source and voltage and current information of the test product; If the voltage information of the voltage generating source exceeds the set voltage threshold, the voltage and current information of the test sample is recorded and stored, and a shooting instruction is issued to the image acquisition module; Acquire and store the discharge channel image of the sample through the image acquisition module; The leader development speed when the gap breaks down is judged and calculated according to the current information of the test piece and the discharge channel image.

9. The method for acquiring photoelectric synchronous data of typical long air gap discharge at high altitude according to claim 8, characterized in that: Judging and calculating the leader development speed when the gap breaks down according to the current information of the test piece and the discharge channel image, including: If the current information of the test sample exceeds the current threshold, it is determined that the gap is broken and the image recognition instruction is triggered; According to the image recognition instruction, intercepting the discharge channel image within a set time range before and after the gap breakdown, and performing noise reduction processing on the discharge channel image; Extracting the grayscale value of each image and forming a corresponding grayscale value array, and determining whether the grayscale value array of each image meets a set grayscale threshold condition; All images that meet the grayscale threshold condition are screened, and the leader development speed is calculated according to the time interval and the leader development distance between two adjacent images.

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