Method for increasing vegetable yield of plant factory

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for increasing the vegetable yield of a plant factory, and belongs to the technical field of plant factory production. The method comprises the following steps that vegetable seedlings are transplanted to a planting plate to be subjected to nutrient solution water planting, LED red-blue light and far-red light continuous illumination is applied, and the vegetable yield per unit area is increased; the nutrient solution comprises a 1 / 2 Hoagland nutrient solution, polyglutamic acid and a seaweed fertilizer; during culture, the planting density of vegetable seedlings is 50-69 plants / m < 2 >; the illumination intensity of the far-red light is 30-50 [mu] mol / (m < 2 >. S). Far-red light is adopted to regulate and control plant types, planting density is increased, the light energy utilization rate of vegetables can be increased, meanwhile, organic carbon capable of being absorbed and utilized by plants is increased in the hydroponic nutrient solution, the vegetable yield per unit area is increased, popularization of the plant factory production technology is facilitated, the production cost is reduced, and the effects of saving energy and improving efficiency are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant factory production, and more specifically relates to a method for increasing vegetable yield in a plant factory. Background Art

[0002] The main artificial light source in plant factories is LED. There are many studies on the effects of red and blue light on vegetable growth and quality in plant factories. Although the light efficiency of LED is higher than other light sources, it still faces the problem of high energy consumption per unit of vegetable output. The current solution is mainly achieved by optimizing the light formula (light quality, light intensity, and lighting time), but due to the light efficiency of the LED lamps themselves, there is limited room for improvement. Improving the light absorption and utilization of plants may be another effective way. Under appropriate planting density, crop leaves can fully receive light energy, improve the capture and utilization efficiency of light energy, and promote the synthesis and accumulation of photosynthetic products. However, over-dense cultivation may lead to intensified competition for water and nutrients, affecting the normal growth and development of crops. Therefore, plant factories need to comprehensively consider crop growth characteristics and photosynthesis efficiency, and optimize crop production through technological innovation.

[0003] The plant factory is a relatively closed environment, and crops are constantly absorbing and releasing CO2 indoors. During the photoperiod, indoor green plants have vigorous photosynthesis, and the CO2 concentration drops sharply; to maintain the normal growth of plants, it is often necessary to replenish CO2 in time. At present, most large-scale plant factories use boilers to burn natural gas to produce CO2 to supplement the CO2 required by plants. However, this method will produce a certain amount of harmful gases, causing irreversible damage to the normal growth of plants, and adding air purification facilities will greatly increase the cost. Alternatively, multiple CO2 sensors installed inside the plant factory are connected to the air outlet of the air conditioner in the factory and connected to a large CO2 tank outdoors. After mixing CO2 and air together, they are transported to the workshop through the fresh air system, and CO2 is artificially transported to apply CO2 fertilizer to the plants. Although this adjustment method does not allow other harmful gases to enter, it is costly and requires supporting hardware and software equipment, monitoring and operating systems to assist in completion, and the operation and management are complex.

[0004] Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a method that is simple, does not require the use of large-scale equipment, and can effectively increase the vegetable yield in plant factories. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the yield of vegetables in a plant factory by optimizing the light environment, nutrient solution and planting density, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. The method of supplementing far-infrared light, increasing planting density and supplementing organic carbon in the nutrient solution is adopted to achieve the effect of high yield of vegetables in the plant factory and reduce production costs.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing vegetable yield in a plant factory, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Transplant vegetable seedlings onto planting plates for nutrient solution hydroponics and apply continuous illumination of LED red, blue and far-red light to increase vegetable yield per unit area;

[0009] The nutrient solution comprises 1 / 2 Hoagland nutrient solution, polyglutamic acid and seaweed fertilizer; the total volume concentration of polyglutamic acid and seaweed fertilizer in the nutrient solution is 10-15%;

[0010] During hydroponics, the planting density of vegetable seedlings is 50 to 69 plants / m 2 ;

[0011] The illumination intensity of the far-red light is 30 to 50 μmol / (m 2 ·s).

[0012] The present invention reduces production costs on the basis of achieving high yield of vegetables in plant factories by supplementing far-red light on the basis of basic red and blue light, increasing the planting density of vegetable seedlings, and supplementing polyglutamic acid and seaweed fertilizer to the basic nutrient solution to supplement organic carbon. Among them, supplementing far-red light can regulate the plant type of vegetables, reduce the competition for water and nutrients between vegetable plants, improve ventilation and lighting conditions, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, and further reduce the ineffective consumption of water and nutrients; supplementing far-red light combined with technical means to increase planting density can improve the light energy utilization rate of vegetables; at the same time, supplementing polyglutamic acid and seaweed fertilizer in the basic nutrient solution can supplement organic carbon that is beneficial to vegetable absorption and utilization, and increase the vegetable yield per unit area.

[0013] Preferably, the vegetable seeds that have been germinated and turned white are subjected to continuous illumination of LED white light to cultivate strong seedlings.

[0014] Preferably, the light intensity of the LED white light used to cultivate strong seedlings is 200-250 μmol / (m 2 ·s); the time for cultivating strong seedlings is 12 to 18 days.

[0015] Preferably, the continuous illumination time of the LED red and blue light and far-red light is independently 12 to 14 hours per day.

[0016] Preferably, the light intensity of the LED red and blue light is 250 μmol / (m 2 ·s); the ratio of red light to blue light in the LED red and blue light is 1 to 3:1.

[0017] Preferably, the mass ratio of polyglutamic acid to seaweed fertilizer in the nutrient solution is 1:1.

[0018] Preferably, the pH value of the 1 / 2 Hoagland nutrient solution is 6-6.5, and the EC value is 1.8-2 ms / cm.

[0019] Preferably, the nutrient solution is applied in an intermittent cycle, with each application lasting 10 minutes and each application interval lasting 20 minutes.

[0020] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0021] Compared with the existing technology of vegetable production in plant factories, the present invention adopts far-infrared light to regulate plant shape and increase planting density, which can improve the light energy utilization rate of vegetables, and at the same time increase the organic carbon that can be absorbed and utilized by plants in the hydroponic nutrient solution, thereby increasing the vegetable yield per unit area, which is helpful to promote plant factory production technology, reduce production costs, and play a role in energy saving and efficiency improvement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The changes of fresh weight of Chinese cabbage (a), fresh weight of aboveground part of Chinese cabbage (b) and fresh weight of underground part of Chinese cabbage (c) under different treatments at different days after treatment in Example 1;

[0023] Figure 2 The changes of the dry weight of Chinese cabbage (a), the dry weight of the aboveground part of Chinese cabbage (b) and the dry weight of the underground part of Chinese cabbage (c) under different treatments at different days after the treatment in Example 1;

[0024] Figure 3 The changes in root-to-shoot ratio of Chinese cabbage under different treatments at different days after treatment in Example 1;

[0025] Figure 4 The yield changes of the white mulberry per unit area under different treatments at different days after the treatment in Example 1;

[0026] Figure 5 The changes in leaf area of ​​Chinese cabbage under different treatments on different days after the treatment in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0028] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0029] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0030] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0031] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0032] The present invention first describes the raw materials used in the following examples:

[0033] The 1 / 2 Hoagland nutrient solution used was self-prepared, and the preparation method was as follows:

[0034] Preparation of Hoagland nutrient solution: dissolve calcium nitrate (945 mg / L), potassium nitrate (607 mg / L), ammonium phosphate (115 mg / L) and magnesium sulfate (493 mg / L) in distilled water according to corresponding concentrations, add 2.5 mL of iron salt solution and 5 mL of trace element solution thereto to obtain Hoagland nutrient solution; 1 / 2 Hoagland nutrient solution is obtained by diluting the Hoagland nutrient solution with distilled water to 1 / 2 of the original concentration.

[0035] Among them, the iron salt solution is prepared by dissolving 2.78g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and 3.73g of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate in 500mL of distilled water; the trace element solution is prepared by dissolving potassium iodide (0.83mg / L), boric acid (6.2mg / L), manganese sulfate (22.3mg / L), zinc sulfate (8.6mg / L), sodium molybdate (0.25mg / L), copper sulfate (0.025mg / L) and cobalt chloride (0.025mg / L) in distilled water according to corresponding concentrations.

[0036] The seaweed fertilizer and polyglutamic acid used were purchased from Shenzhen Shenlvshuai Technology Co., Ltd.

[0037] Other raw materials are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] Verify the effects of different far-red light intensities and different planting densities on the yield increase of Chinese cabbage:

[0040] In the experimental plant factory, full and clean pakchoi seeds were sown on 2 cm × 2 cm × 2 cm wet sponge blocks and placed in a germination room for germination. When the seeds turned white, they were placed in a 200 μmol / (m 2 ·s) seedlings were cultivated under LED white light. After 2 weeks, when the seedlings grew to 2 leaves and 1 heart, they were transplanted to 0.9m×1.2m planting boards for hydroponics. The nutrient solution used was 1 / 2 Hoagland nutrient solution (pH=6.5, EC=2ms / cm). The nutrient solution was applied in an interval cycle, with each application lasting 10 minutes and an interval of 20 minutes between each application. Under a basic light intensity of 250μmol / (m 2 ·s) of LED red and blue light (red and blue light ratio R:B=1:1) under the condition of supplementing two intensities of 30μmol / (m 2 ·s) and 60μmol / (m 2 ·s) of far-red light (FR) (LED red, blue and far-red light were continuously illuminated for 13 h per day), recorded as FR30 and FR60 respectively. The planting density of pakchoi seedlings in the hydroponic process was set at 27 plants / m 2 , 54 plants / m 2 and 69 strains / m 2 The specific design and the names and labels of the pakchoi seedlings treated under different conditions are shown in Table 1.

[0041] Table 1 Specific design and name labels of Chinese cabbage seedlings treated under different conditions

[0042]

[0043]

[0044] Effects of three different planting densities and two different intensities of far-infrared light on the growth of pakchoi at different stages Figures 1 to 5 shown. Figure 1 The changes of fresh weight of Chinese cabbage (a), fresh weight of aboveground part of Chinese cabbage (b) and fresh weight of underground part of Chinese cabbage (c) under different treatments at different days after treatment in Example 1; Figure 2 The changes of the dry weight of Chinese cabbage (a), the dry weight of the aboveground part of Chinese cabbage (b) and the dry weight of the underground part of Chinese cabbage (c) under different treatments at different days after the treatment in Example 1; Figure 3 The changes in root-to-shoot ratio of Chinese cabbage under different treatments at different days after treatment in Example 1; Figure 4 The yield changes of the white mulberry per unit area under different treatments at different days after the treatment in Example 1; Figure 5 The changes in leaf area of ​​Chinese cabbage under different treatments on different days after the treatment in Example 1.

[0045] Depend on Figures 1 to 5 It can be seen that after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of far-red light treatment, the fresh-dry weight and total leaf area of ​​Chinese cabbage increased under high-intensity far-red light treatment (HFR) compared with low-intensity far-red light treatment (LFR). After 7 days of treatment, the Chinese cabbage seedlings were small, and different planting densities provided sufficient growth space for the seedlings. Therefore, density did not affect the growth of Chinese cabbage at this stage. After 14 days of treatment, compared with 27 plants / m 2 Compared with the planting density of 54 plants / m 2 and 69 strains / m 2 Density increased the fresh-dry weight, leaf area and yield per unit area of ​​single white plant, and reduced the root-to-crown ratio of the plant. 2 The treatment of planting density had the most significant effect on promoting the growth of Chinese cabbage. After 21 days and 28 days of treatment, the growth-related indicators of Chinese cabbage were significantly lower under the high density treatment (54 plants / m 2 and 69 strains / m 2 ) compared with low density (27 plants / m 2 ) decreased or had no significant difference, but the yield per unit area increased.

[0046] In addition, there are significant differences in the effects of different planting densities and different intensities of far-red light on Chinese cabbage. Compared with low-intensity far-red light coupled with low-medium density (LFR-27 and LFR-54) or high-intensity far-red light coupled with low-density treatment (HFR-27), low-intensity far-red light coupled with high density (LFR-69) or high-intensity far-red light coupled with medium-high density treatment (HFR-54 and HFR-69) significantly increased the yield per unit area of ​​Chinese cabbage at 21d and 28d, but reduced the fresh-dry weight per plant, root-shoot ratio, and leaf area of ​​Chinese cabbage per plant. Among them, the fresh-dry weight per plant and leaf area of ​​Chinese cabbage treated with LFR-54 had no significant differences compared with those of LFR-27, but significantly increased the yield per unit area of ​​Chinese cabbage per plant. Compared with LFR-54, the fresh weight of Chinese cabbage per plant under HFR-27 treatment was higher, but the yield per unit area was significantly reduced. Therefore, low-intensity far-red light coupled with medium-density treatment (LFR-54) can ensure that the biomass of Chinese cabbage per plant is not affected while significantly increasing the yield per unit area.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] Verify the effect of nutrient solution formula on lettuce yield increase:

[0049] In the experimental plant factory, lettuce seeds were sown on 2 cm × 2 cm × 2 cm wet sponge blocks and placed in a germination room for germination. When the seeds turned white, they were placed in a 200 μmol / (m 2 ·s) The seedlings were cultivated under LED white light. After 2 weeks, when the seedlings grew to 3 leaves and 1 heart, they were transplanted to 0.9m×1.2m planting boards for hydroponics. The nutrient solution used was 1 / 2Hoagland nutrient solution (pH=6.5, EC=2ms / cm) (referred to as H group) and 1 / 2Hoagland nutrient solution (pH=6.5, EC=2ms / cm) + polyglutamic acid + seaweed fertilizer (the total volume concentration of polyglutamic acid and seaweed fertilizer in the nutrient solution was 10%, and the mass ratio of polyglutamic acid and seaweed fertilizer was 1:1) (referred to as H+C group). The nutrient solution was applied in an interval cycle, with each application time of 10 minutes and an interval of 20 minutes between each application. The light source used a light intensity of 250μmol / (m 2 ·s) of LED red and blue light (red and blue light ratio R:B = 1:1) (LED red and blue light continuous illumination for 13 hours per day). The planting density of lettuce seedlings during hydroponics was set to 54 plants / m 2 . Sampling was carried out 21 days after transplanting, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0050] Table 2 Biomass of single plant

[0051] deal with Plant fresh weight (g) Fresh weight of aboveground parts (g) Root fresh weight (g) <![CDATA[Leaf area (cm 2 )]]> Group H 58.06 48.99 9.07 927.46 H+C group 79.88 67.20 12.68 1140.56

[0052] As shown in Table 2, after adding polyglutamic acid and seaweed fertilizer on the basis of 1 / 2 Hoagland nutrient solution, the fresh weight of single plant, aboveground part and root of lettuce increased by 37.58%, 37.17% and 39.80% respectively compared with the treatment of 1 / 2 Hoagland nutrient solution (H group), and the leaf area increased by 22.98%. It shows that adding polyglutamic acid and seaweed fertilizer on the basis of 1 / 2 Hoagland nutrient solution can significantly increase the organic carbon that can be absorbed and utilized by vegetables, promote the growth of vegetables, and increase the yield of vegetables per unit area.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] Verify the effects of supplementing far-red light, increasing planting density, and supplementing organic carbon in the nutrient solution on the yield of lettuce:

[0055] In the experimental plant factory, lettuce seeds were sown on 2 cm × 2 cm × 2 cm wet sponge blocks and placed in a germination room for germination. When the seeds turned white, they were placed in a 200 μmol / (m 2 ·s) Cultivate strong seedlings under LED white light. After 2 weeks, when the seedlings grow to 3 leaves and 1 heart, transplant them to a 0.9m×1.2m planting board with a planting density of 54 plants / m 2 The basic light intensity is 250 μmol / (m 2 ·s) of LED red and blue light (ratio of red to blue light R:B = 1:1). The basic nutrient solution is 1 / 2 Hoagland nutrient solution formula (pH = 6.5, EC = 2ms / cm). The nutrient solution is applied in an interval cycle, with each application time of 10 minutes and each application interval time of 20 minutes.

[0056] Experimental treatment: The transplanted lettuce seedlings were divided into three groups. The first group was treated with a combination of basic light and basic nutrient solution, recorded as the CK group. The second group was treated with polyglutamic acid and seaweed fertilizer in the basic nutrient solution (the total volume concentration of polyglutamic acid and seaweed fertilizer in the nutrient solution was 10%, and the mass ratio of polyglutamic acid and seaweed fertilizer was 1:1) and basic light, recorded as the H+C group; the third group was treated with polyglutamic acid and seaweed fertilizer in the basic nutrient solution (the total volume concentration of polyglutamic acid and seaweed fertilizer in the nutrient solution was 10%, and the mass ratio of polyglutamic acid and seaweed fertilizer was 1:1) and the basic light intensity was increased to 50μmol / (m 2 ·s) of far-red light, recorded as H+C+FR group. LED red, blue and far-red light were continuously illuminated for 14 hours per day. Samples were taken and measured 21 days after transplanting. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0057] Table 3 Biomass of single plant

[0058] deal with Plant fresh weight (g) Fresh weight of aboveground parts (g) Root fresh weight (g) <![CDATA[Leaf area (cm 2 )]]> CK group 60.69 53.77 6.93 1232.92 H+C group 81.86 75.97 5.89 1404.77 H+C+FR group 100.64 94.93 5.71 1693.22

[0059] As shown in Table 3, after adding polyglutamic acid and seaweed fertilizer on the basis of 1 / 2 Hoagland nutrient solution, the single plant and aboveground part of lettuce increased by 39.95%, 41.16% and 39.80% respectively compared with the treatment of 1 / 2 Hoagland nutrient solution (CK group), the root fresh weight decreased by 15.00%, and the leaf area increased by 13.94%. 2 ·s), the single plant and aboveground part of lettuce increased by 65.83%, 76.55% and 39.80% respectively compared with the 1 / 2 Hoagland nutrient solution treatment (CK group), the root fresh weight decreased by 17.60%, and the leaf area increased by 37.33%. This shows that the present invention uses far-red light to regulate plant type and increase planting density to improve the light energy utilization rate of vegetables, while increasing the organic carbon that can be absorbed and utilized by plants in the hydroponic nutrient solution, and increasing the vegetable yield per unit area, which is helpful to promote plant factory production technology, reduce production costs, and play a role in energy saving and efficiency improvement.

[0060] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0061] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for increasing vegetable yield in a plant factory, characterized in that: The steps include: The vegetable seedlings were transplanted onto planting plates for hydroponics with nutrient solution and continuous illumination with LED red, blue and far-red light; The nutrient solution comprises 1 / 2 Hoagland nutrient solution, polyglutamic acid and seaweed fertilizer; the total volume concentration of polyglutamic acid and seaweed fertilizer in the nutrient solution is 10-15%; During hydroponics, the planting density of vegetable seedlings is 50 to 69 plants / m 2 ; The illumination intensity of the far-red light is 30 to 50 μmol / (m 2 ·s).

2. The method for increasing vegetable yield in a plant factory according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for cultivating vegetable seedlings comprises: applying continuous illumination of LED white light to vegetable seeds that have been germinated and turned white to cultivate strong seedlings.

3. The method for increasing vegetable yield in a plant factory according to claim 2, characterized in that: The light intensity of the LED white light used to cultivate strong seedlings is 200-250 μmol / (m 2 ·s); the time for cultivating strong seedlings is 12 to 18 days.

4. The method for increasing vegetable yield in a plant factory according to claim 1, characterized in that: The continuous illumination time of the LED red and blue light and far-red light is independently 12 to 14 hours per day.

5. The method for increasing vegetable yield in a plant factory according to claim 1, characterized in that: The illumination intensity of the LED red and blue light is 250 μmol / (m 2 ·s); the ratio of red light to blue light in the LED red and blue light is 1 to 3:

1.

6. The method for increasing vegetable yield in a plant factory according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of polyglutamic acid to seaweed fertilizer in the nutrient solution is 1:

1.

7. The method for increasing vegetable yield in a plant factory according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pH value of the 1 / 2 Hoagland nutrient solution is 6-6.5, and the EC value is 1.8-2 ms / cm.

8. The method for increasing vegetable yield in a plant factory according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrient solution is applied in an interval cycle, with each application lasting 10 minutes and each application interval lasting 20 minutes.

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