Method for creating peach breeding material

Abstract

The invention provides a method for creating a peach breeding material, and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree breeding. According to the method, dwarf, double-petal, safflower but inedible ornamental peach resources' safflower longevity star peaches' are used as female parents, vigorous, single-petal, pink-flower and high-quality cultivated varieties' Baifeng 'are used as male parents for hybridization, all hybridized F1-generation superior plants are vigorous, single-petal and pink-flower plants, F1-generation superior single plants with relatively excellent quality are selected from the plants for selfing, and the selfing rate of the F1-generation superior plants is increased; according to the method, double-petal, safflower and high-quality single plants are screened from dwarfed F2-generation superior plants, the obtained fruits are large, the ratio of soluble solids to acid to sugar is high, the single plants can serve as ornamental and fresh-eating dual-purpose superior lines, the defects that filial generations of 'safflower longevity star peaches' and other varieties are light in fruit flavor, small in fruit size and poor in eating taste are overcome, and a new breeding material is created for the field of peach breeding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree breeding, and in particular to a method for creating peach breeding materials. Background Art

[0002] Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch), a plant of the genus Prunus in the Rosaceae family, is a small deciduous tree. The history of peach cultivation, according to archaeological discoveries and historical documents, is conservatively estimated to be as long as 4,000 years. Peach has many varieties and species, bright fruits, diverse colors, rich flavor, sweet and sour taste, and rich nutrition. It is one of the most popular fruits and is also very popular in the market, so it plays an important role in the cultivation and production of deciduous fruit trees.

[0003] Peach bonsai has high economic value. By planting suitable peach varieties in flower pots, shaping, pruning, and growth regulation, artworks with both ornamental and edible value can be cultivated. However, peach trees grow vigorously, have the characteristics of high germination rate and strong branching ability, and can produce 2-4 secondary shoots a year. Therefore, if ordinary peach varieties are used to make bonsai, it is difficult to control the growth of the tree. Red Longevity Peach is a typical dwarf peach germplasm resource with double petals and deep red color. It is highly ornamental and is an excellent variety for making peach bonsai. But it also has an obvious disadvantage, the fruit is inedible (Wang Lirong, Zhu Gengrui, Fang Weichao, etc. Chinese Peach Genetic Resources. China Agricultural Press, 2012).

[0004] The study found that when the "Red Flower Longevity Peach" was used as the mother plant and hybridized with other peach varieties, although the hybrid offspring restored the tree body to the phenotype of tree-like, single petal, and pink color, the fruit flavor was weak, the fruit was small, and the taste was poor. Therefore, cultivating superior plants that maintain the main excellent traits of the "Red Flower Longevity Peach" such as dwarfing, red flowers, and double petals, but also have edible value, is of great significance for the future cultivation of ornamental and fresh-eating varieties. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating ornamental and edible dual-purpose peach breeding materials to solve the problem that the ornamental peach is inedible but the fruit is inedible.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The present invention provides a method for creating peach breeding materials, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) collecting pollen from the male parent; the male parent is Phoebe sphenanthera;

[0008] (2) 1 to 2 days before the flower buds of the female parent open, the female parent is emasculated and bagged for isolation; the female parent is a "Red Flower Longevity Peach";

[0009] (3) Pollinate when the pistil is mature 1 to 2 days after emasculation; remove the bag 7 to 10 days after pollination to allow young fruits to develop;

[0010] (4) When the fruits are ripe, the fruits are picked, the seeds are taken out, the seeds are stored in sand and then sown, and individual plants that meet the breeding goals are selected, which are the peach breeding materials.

[0011] Preferably, pollen is collected when the male parent flower is in the bud stage.

[0012] Preferably, collecting pollen comprises: picking off the male parent flower when the flower is about to open but pollen has not yet been scattered from the anther, picking out the anther, and collecting the pollen when the anther cracks and the pollen is scattered.

[0013] Preferably, the pollination time is between 9 and 11 am.

[0014] Preferably, the pollination method comprises: rubbing the pollen of the male parent on the stigma of the female parent's flower, so that the pollen of the male parent's flower is pollinated on the stigma of the female parent's flower.

[0015] Preferably, the sand storage treatment includes: storing the seeds in sand when the average temperature drops to 3-5°C before winter, and the depth of the seed sand storage is 40-60 cm.

[0016] Preferably, the seed sand storage treatment period is 95 to 105 days.

[0017] Preferably, the individual plants that meet the breeding goals are those with larger fruits, better coloring, and higher solids.

[0018] By adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention uses the dwarfed, double-petaled, red-flowered but inedible ornamental peach resource "Red Flower Longevity Peach" as the female parent, and uses the tree-like, single-petaled, pink-flowered, high-quality cultivated variety "Baifeng" as the male parent for hybridization, and the hybridized F1 generation superior plants are all tree-like, single-petaled, pink-flowered plants, from which relatively high-quality F1 generation superior plants are selected for self-pollination, and double-petaled, red-flowered, high-quality individual plants are screened from the dwarfed F2 generation superior plants, and the fruits produced are large, with high soluble solids and acid-sugar ratio, and can be used as an excellent system for both ornamental and fresh eating, and solves the defects of light flavor, small fruit, and poor edible taste of the hybridized fruits of the "Red Flower Longevity Peach" and other varieties, thereby creating new breeding materials for the field of peach breeding. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention provides a method for creating peach breeding materials, comprising the following steps:

[0020] (1) collecting pollen from the male parent; the male parent is Phoebe sphenanthera;

[0021] (2) 1 to 2 days before the flower buds of the female parent open, the female parent is emasculated and bagged for isolation; the female parent is a "Red Flower Longevity Peach";

[0022] (3) Pollinate when the pistil is mature 1 to 2 days after emasculation; remove the bag 7 to 10 days after pollination to allow young fruits to develop;

[0023] (4) When the fruits are ripe, the fruits are picked, the seeds are taken out, the seeds are stored in sand and then sown, and individual plants that meet the breeding goals are selected, which are the peach breeding materials.

[0024] The invention first collects pollen from the male parent, preferably in the balloon stage of the male parent, removes petals of the male parent, picks out anthers, collects pollen from the male parent when the pollen is scattered, and places the collected pollen in a pollen bottle, wherein the male parent is white phoenix.

[0025] 1-2 days before the flower buds of the female parent open, emasculation and bagging for isolation, emasculation is to remove the immature anthers in the flowers of the mother plant, the purpose of emasculation is to avoid self-pollination, emasculation is usually performed 1-2 days before flowering, that is, when the flower buds reach the maximum and the petals have not yet cracked. The present invention has no special restrictions on emasculation of the female parent, and the conventional emasculation method in the art can be used, and the female parent is "red flower longevity peach".

[0026] The invention immediately bags and isolates the flowers after emasculation, so as to avoid natural hybridization of the emasculated flowers.

[0027] In the present invention, pollination is carried out at the pistil maturity stage 1 to 2 days after emasculation, and the pollination time is carried out at 9 to 11 a.m., preferably at 10 a.m. During pollination, the bag is first untied, and then the pollen is rubbed on the stigma of the female parent flower to allow the pollen of the male parent flower to be pollinated on the stigma of the female parent flower; preferably, a pollinator is used to dip the pollen for pollination, and the bag is immediately put into isolation after the pollination is completed to prevent other pollen from falling in.

[0028] 7 to 10 days after pollination, that is, when the stigma falls, the petals fall, and the ovary begins to swell, the bag is removed to allow the young fruit to fully develop. When the fruit is ripe, the fruit is picked, the seeds are taken out, and the seeds are sown after sand storage. The individual plants that meet the breeding goals are selected, which are the peach breeding materials. The steps of the sand storage treatment specifically include: when the average temperature drops to 3 to 5°C before winter, and more preferably to 4°C, the seeds can be stored in the sand. The humidity of the sand is preferably kneaded into a ball by hand. The depth of the seed sand storage is 40 to 60 cm, more preferably 45 to 55 cm, and more preferably 50 cm. A layer of straw mat is covered on the sand to prevent water loss from the surface and maintain good permeability. The seed sand storage time is 95 to 105 days, more preferably 98 to 103 days, and more preferably 100 days. When the soil thaws in spring, the seeds stored in the sand are taken out in time and sown in April or May, preferably in nutrient soil. Individual plants that meet the breeding goals are selected, which are the peach breeding materials; the individual plants that meet the breeding goals are the individual plants that maintain the characteristics of "Red Flower Longevity Peach" with large fruit, good coloring, and rich juice and sugar.

[0029] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] The "Red Flower Shouxing Peach" is the female parent and the "Bai Feng" is the male parent.

[0032] When the male parent flower is about to open but pollen has not yet been scattered from the anther, remove the male parent flower and pick out the anther. When the anther cracks and pollen is scattered, collect the male parent pollen and put the collected pollen in a dry pollen bottle for later use. 1 to 2 days before the female parent flower buds open, emasculate and bag for isolation. During the operation, hold the pedicel of the emasculated flower with your left hand, use tweezers in your right hand to carefully pull open the petals to expose the stamens, and then clip the filaments with anthers. Avoid touching the anthers and pistils during the operation. If you find insects in the buds or individual anthers have cracked, it means that the stigma may have accepted other pollen or its own pollen, so remove it. After emasculation, immediately bag for isolation, leave appropriate space in the bag, put the bag in from top to bottom, and sew the bag mouth on the fruiting branch with thread. 1 to 2 days after emasculation, pollinate when the pistil is mature, and the pollination time is 9 to 11 am. During pollination, the bag was first untied, and then a pollinator was dipped in pollen and rubbed on the stigma of the female parent flower, so that the pollen of the male parent flower was pollinated on the stigma of the female parent flower; after pollination, the bag was immediately put in isolation to prevent other pollen from falling in, and a total of 255 flowers were pollinated.

[0033] On the 8th day after pollination, the bag was removed to allow the young fruit to fully develop. When the fruit was ripe, the fruit was picked to obtain 23 seeds. The seeds were sown after sand storage. The specific operation was as follows: when the average temperature dropped to 3-5°C before winter, the seeds could be stored in the sand. The humidity of the sand was preferably so large that it could be kneaded into a ball by hand. The depth of the seed storage was 40-60 cm. A layer of straw mat was covered on the sand to prevent water loss from the surface and maintain good permeability. The seed storage time was 100 days. When the soil thawed in spring, the seeds stored in the sand were taken out in time. In mid-April, the 23 seeds obtained were sown in nutrient soil to obtain 13 F1 seedlings. Three excellent F1 plants were selected from them. The single fruit weight, soluble solids and sugar-acid ratio of the fruit were measured and the average values ​​were taken. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0034] Comparative Example 1

[0035] The difference from Example 1 is that "Jingyu" is used as the male parent for hybridization, and the other steps are the same as Example 1.

[0036] Comparative Example 2

[0037] The difference from Example 1 is that "Yanhong" is used as the male parent for hybridization, and the other steps are the same as Example 1.

[0038] Table 1 Fruit quality test results of F1 plants

[0039]

[0040]

[0041] As shown in Table 1, the single fruit weight, soluble solids and sugar-acid ratio of the F1 generation fruit hybridized with "Bai Feng" as the male parent and "Hong Hua Shou Xing Tao" are better than those of the F1 generation fruit hybridized with "Jing Yu" and "Yan Hong" as the male parents. Among them, the F1-2 plant has larger fruit and relatively better taste, and was selected as the superior plant.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] Pollen was collected from the F1-2 plant of Example 1 for self-pollination to obtain F1 generation fruit seeds, which were stored in sand before sowing. Nine plants were randomly selected from the F2 generation seedlings for observation and measurement of flower color, single petal, fruit solids, etc.

[0044] Comparative Example 3

[0045] From Comparative Example 1, pollen was taken from the F1-1 plant for self-pollination to obtain F1 generation fruit seeds, which were stored in sand before sowing, and 9 dwarfed F2 generation seedlings were randomly selected for observation and measurement of flower color, single double petals, fruit solids, etc. Among them, the steps of hybridization and seed storage in sand were the same as those in Example 1.

[0046] Comparative Example 4

[0047] From Comparative Example 2, pollen was taken from the F1-1 plant for self-pollination to obtain F1 generation fruit seeds, which were stored in sand before sowing, and 9 dwarf F2 generation seedlings were randomly selected for observation and measurement of flower color, single double petals, fruit soluble solids, etc. Among them, the steps of hybridization and seed storage in sand were the same as those in Example 1.

[0048] Table 2 Results of flower and fruit quality tests of superior plants in the F2 generation

[0049]

[0050] As can be seen from Table 2, by self-pollinating the F1-2 single plant in Example 1, a superior plant with dwarfing, red flowers, double petals, and sweet and sour taste can be obtained, which solves the defects of the hybrid "Red Flower Longevity Peach" and other peach varieties, such as light flavor, small fruit, and poor taste. This shows that the F1-2 plant can be used for peach breeding, creating a new germplasm for the field of peach breeding.

[0051] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a method for cultivating dwarf, ornamental, and fresh-eating dual-purpose peach breeding materials. The F1-2 plant genotype obtained according to the method is a dwarf, double-petal, red-flowered phenotype, which can be used for peach breeding, solving the defects of the hybrid fruit of "Red Flower Longevity Peach" and other varieties, such as light flavor, small fruit, and poor edible taste, and creating new germplasm for the field of peach breeding.

[0052] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for creating peach breeding materials, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) collecting pollen from the male parent; the male parent is Phoebe sphenanthera; (2) 1 to 2 days before the flower buds of the female parent open, the female parent is emasculated and bagged for isolation; the female parent is a "red flower longevity peach"; (3) Pollinate when the pistil is mature 1 to 2 days after emasculation; remove the bag 7 to 10 days after pollination to allow young fruits to develop; (4) When the fruits are ripe, the fruits are picked, the seeds are taken out, the seeds are stored in sand and then sown, and individual plants that meet the breeding goals are selected, which are the peach breeding materials.

2. The method for creating peach breeding material according to claim 1, characterized in that: Pollen was collected when the male parent's flowers were in the bud stage.

3. The method for creating peach breeding materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: Collecting pollen includes: picking the male parent flower when the flower is about to open but the pollen has not yet been scattered from the anther, picking out the anther, and collecting the pollen when the anther cracks and the pollen is scattered.

4. The method for creating peach breeding materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: Pollination time is from 9 to 11 am.

5. The method for creating peach breeding materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pollination method comprises: rubbing the pollen of the male parent on the stigma of the female parent flower, so that the pollen of the male parent flower is pollinated on the stigma of the female parent flower.

6. The method for creating peach breeding materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sand storage treatment includes: when the average temperature drops to 3-5°C before winter, the seeds are stored in the sand, and the depth of the seed storage in the sand is 40-60cm.

7. The method for creating peach breeding materials according to claim 6, characterized in that: The seed sand storage period is 95 to 105 days.

8. The method for creating peach breeding materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: Individual plants that meet the breeding goals are those that maintain the "Bai Feng" characteristics of large fruit, good coloring, and rich juice and sugar.

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