Method for treating a polymer and carbon material

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of polymer processing and treatment, and particularly relates to a polymer treatment method and a carbon material. The polymer treatment method comprises the following steps: preparing a polymer material, an ultrasonic vibration processing device and a mold, the ultrasonic vibration processing device having a punch capable of stretching and retracting and transmitting high-frequency vibration, and the mold being provided with a mold cavity for placing the polymer material; assembling, the punch being inserted into the mold cavity and abutting against the polymer material; and primary carbonization, the ultrasonic vibration processing device driving the punch to perform ultrasonic vibration, so that the punch vibrates and stamps the polymer material, so that the polymer material is heated, melted and carbonized. The present application can make the plastic sharply decompose and deteriorate and discolor under the action of ultrasonic vibration, and the punch applies a certain pressure to the plastic, so that the plastic is carbonized and converted into a carbon material under the combined action of ultrasonic vibration and high frequency, and the generation of pollutants in the generation process can be reduced, and the processing efficiency is high.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of polymer processing and treatment, and particularly relates to a polymer treatment method and a carbon material. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the rapid increase in demand and processing volume of plastic products has caused a huge burden on the environment, resulting in serious environmental pollution problems. How to effectively decompose and recycle plastics has become the key to solving plastic pollution.

[0003] Traditional waste plastic treatment methods mainly include landfill and incineration. The challenges of landfill treatment include: first, waste plastics are difficult to degrade in a short period of time, thus occupying a large amount of valuable land resources; second, they reduce the soil's air permeability and permeability, damaging soil quality and adversely affecting plant growth; finally, this treatment method results in a huge waste of resources. Incineration treatment faces different problems: on the one hand, high-temperature combustion can easily damage the incineration equipment and pose technical challenges; on the other hand, waste plastics can easily generate harmful substances such as dioxins, hydrogen chloride and heavy metals during the incineration process. These substances are highly toxic and can cause serious secondary environmental pollution.

[0004] For the treatment of waste plastics, conventional physical or chemical treatment methods usually face problems such as low processing efficiency, high energy consumption and serious secondary pollution. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a polymer treatment method, aiming to solve the problem of how to decompose plastics and reduce secondary pollution.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present application is:

[0007] In a first aspect, a polymer treatment method is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Preparation, preparation of polymer material, ultrasonic vibration processing equipment and mold, the ultrasonic vibration processing equipment has a punch that can be extended and retracted, and the mold is provided with a mold cavity for placing the polymer material;

[0009] Assembly, the punch is inserted into the mold cavity, and the polymer material is pre-pressed;

[0010] Primary carbonization, the ultrasonic vibration processing equipment drives the punch to perform ultrasonic vibration, so that the punch vibrates and punches the polymer material, so that the polymer material is heated and melted and carbonized.

[0011] In some embodiments, the primary carbonization step includes the following steps:

[0012] S31: Vibration stage, the punch performs ultrasonic vibration on the polymer material for a first predetermined time;

[0013] S32: During the pressure holding stage, the punch stops vibrating and presses the polymer material downwards for a second predetermined time.

[0014] In some embodiments, the polymer treatment method further includes a secondary carbonization step, wherein the secondary carbonization includes the following steps:

[0015] S41: Remove a portion of the polymer material located in the mold cavity and separate another portion of the polymer material adhered to the punch;

[0016] S42: Combine the two portions of the polymer material and then place them into the mold cavity;

[0017] S43: Repeat the carbonization step described above.

[0018] In some embodiments, the secondary carbonization step is repeated multiple times.

[0019] In some embodiments, in step S42, the material in the central region of the polymer material is adjusted to the edge region, and the material in the edge region of the polymer material is adjusted to the central region.

[0020] In some embodiments, in step S42, the material on the surface of the polymer material is adjusted to its interior, and the material inside the polymer material is adjusted to its exterior.

[0021] In some embodiments, there is a gap between the side surface of the punch and the cavity wall of the mold cavity.

[0022] In some embodiments, the ultrasonic vibration output by the ultrasonic vibration processing equipment is ultrasonic wave, which is a longitudinal wave or a transverse wave.

[0023] In some embodiments, the mold is located in a vacuum environment, a liquid environment, or an inert gas environment.

[0024] In a second aspect, a carbon material is provided, which is prepared by a treatment method of the polymer.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: When the ultrasonic punch acts on thermoplastic plastic, it generates high-frequency vibrations of tens of thousands of times per second. The ultrasonic punch transmits these high-frequency vibrations to the plastic, causing it to vibrate. During this vibration, the plastic molecules experience intense friction, generating a large amount of heat, thus raising the temperature of the plastic. Due to the poor thermal conductivity of plastic, the heat cannot be dissipated quickly enough, accumulating inside the plastic, especially near the contact surface, causing a sudden high temperature. Under this high temperature, the plastic rapidly decomposes, deteriorates, and discolors. Simultaneously, the punch applies pressure to the plastic, ultimately causing it to carbonize and transform into carbon materials. No other pollutants are generated during this process, and the processing efficiency is high. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or exemplary technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Fig. 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the polymer processing method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0028] Fig. 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of a polymer processing method provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0029] Fig. 3 This is a flowchart of a polymer processing method provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0030] The following are the labeling elements in the figure:

[0031] 10. Punch; 20. Mold; 21. Mold cavity; 30. Plastic; Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0033] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly or indirectly attached to that other component. When a component is referred to as "connected to" another component, it can be directly or indirectly connected to that other component. The terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," etc., indicate orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are for ease of description only, not to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances. The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features. "A plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0034] Please see Figs. 1-3 This application provides a method for processing a polymer, which is used to process and treat the polymer material to degrade and carbonize it into a new carbon material. The polymer material can be waste plastic 30, which can be used to prepare solid carbon materials such as activated carbon, carbon nanotubes and carbon fibers.

[0035] Plastics can be polyethylene (PE, including high-density polyethylene HDPE and low-density polyethylene LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyamide (PA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyurethane (PU), polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyphenylene ether (PPO), polyoxymethylene (POM), epoxy resin (EP), phenolic resin (PF), melamine-formaldehyde resin (MF), unsaturated polyester resin (UPR), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), etc. In other words, plastics can be carbon-based or non-carbon-based plastics; there are no restrictions here, and the choice can be made according to the actual situation.

[0036] Please see Figs. 1-3 The polymer processing method includes the following steps:

[0037] S1: Material preparation, including preparing polymer material, ultrasonic vibration processing equipment, and mold 20. The ultrasonic vibration processing equipment has a retractable punch 10, and the mold 20 has a cavity 21 for placing the polymer material. It is understood that the polymer material can be waste plastic 30, which is cut into pieces, washed and dried, and then placed into the mold cavity 21. The shape of the mold cavity 21 is adapted to the shape of the punch 10, and the mold cavity 21 has an upward opening.

[0038] S2: Assembly, the punch 10 is lowered and inserted into the mold cavity 21 through the opening of the mold cavity 21, and abuts against the polymer material;

[0039] S3: Primary carbonization: The ultrasonic vibration processing equipment drives the punch 10 to perform ultrasonic vibration in the vertical direction, so that the punch 10 vibrates and presses the polymer material, thereby heating up and melting the polymer material and causing carbonization.

[0040] Please see Figs. 1-3 Understandably, when the ultrasonic punch 10 acts on the thermoplastic plastic 30, it generates high-frequency vibrations of tens of thousands of times per second. During the vibration, the molecules of the plastic 30 experience intense friction, generating a large amount of heat, thus raising the temperature of the plastic 30. Due to the poor thermal conductivity of the plastic 30, and the inability to dissipate the heat in a short time, the heat accumulates inside the plastic 30, especially in the area near the contact surface, causing the plastic 30 to generate instantaneous high temperatures. Under the action of high temperatures, the plastic 30 rapidly decomposes, deteriorates, and discolors. At the same time, the punch 10 applies a certain pressure to the plastic 30, continuously squeezing it, ultimately causing the plastic 30 to carbonize and transform into carbon materials. This process does not produce other pollutants and has high processing efficiency.

[0041] Optionally, a rubber polarizer is installed between the punch 10 and the amplitude modulator to prevent wear on the parts and ensure a tight threaded connection between them. The mold 20 is manually adjusted to ensure accurate alignment with the corresponding position of the punch 10. Next, the mold 20 is securely mounted on the ultrasonic vibration platform using a clamping device, ensuring its position remains fixed. Then, the gas delivery pipe of the ultrasonic vibration platform is connected to an air compressor, and the pipe is checked for leaks. After confirming no leaks, the air pressure of the air compressor is adjusted to an appropriate value to ensure the ultrasonic vibration platform receives sufficient power. It is understood that during the high-frequency vibration of the punch 10, and at the moment of contact between the plastic 30 and the punch 10, some air or gas at the location of the plastic 30 is expelled from the mold cavity 21 by the punch 10, creating a low-oxygen environment for the plastic 30, making it more susceptible to carbonization.

[0042] Please see Figs. 1-3Optionally, the frequency range of ultrasonic vibration is 10~100kHz. The frequency of ultrasonic vibration can be 10 kHz, 11 kHz, 12.1 kHz, 38 kHz, 52 kHz, 72 kHz or 100 kHz. In this application, the frequency of ultrasonic vibration is 20 kHz. In other embodiments, the frequency can be selected according to the actual situation, and there is no limitation here.

[0043] Optionally, the amplitude range of the ultrasonic vibration is 30~50μm. The amplitude of the ultrasonic vibration can be 30μm, 32μm, 35.1μm, 40μm, 42.5μm, 45μm, 48μm, or 50μm. In this application, the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibration is 40μm. In other embodiments, the amplitude can be selected according to the actual situation, and there is no limitation here.

[0044] Optionally, during the ultrasonic vibration processing of PP plastic 30, the instantaneous temperature can reach approximately 300°C to melt and carbonize the plastic 30. That is, during the ultrasonic vibration processing of plastic, the instantaneous temperature range of the plastic can be 250~350 degrees Celsius, such as 250, 280, 300, 320, or 350 degrees Celsius; there are no restrictions here, and the appropriate range can be selected based on the actual situation.

[0045] Please see Figs. 1-3 As can be understood, cavitation is an important phenomenon in fluid mechanics. It occurs when a liquid medium is disturbed by external factors, resulting in structural breakage and the formation of cavitation bubbles at the interface between the liquid and solid phases or within the liquid. According to the liquid-gas phase transition equilibrium theory, under conditions of increased temperature or decreased pressure, gases originally dissolved in the liquid will vaporize, thus generating new vapor bubbles, microbubbles, or a mixture of these two gaseous states within the liquid. These visible bubbles are collectively called cavitation bubbles, also known as voids or cavitation cavities. In liquids, cavitation bubbles typically undergo a dynamic process including growth, development, and collapse. Generally, the lifespan of a cavitation bubble is extremely short, approximately 0.1 μs. When a cavitation bubble collapses, it releases enormous energy, generating localized high temperatures (5000 K) and high pressures (1800 atm), causing a strong impact on the surrounding liquid or solid medium.

[0046] During the melting and plasticizing of plastic 30 by ultrasonic vibration, the cavitation effect manifests as the dynamic changes of cavitation bubbles under high-frequency vibration. For a single cavitation bubble, its volume increases during the negative pressure phase of ultrasonic vibration, while it is compressed during the negative pressure phase. The high-frequency sound pressure causes it to oscillate and grow rapidly until it eventually collapses, accompanied by the release of enormous energy. At the microscopic level, when ultrasonic vibration propagates in the molten plastic 30 medium, the plastic 30 molecules vibrate around their equilibrium positions. In the compression phase, the average distance between molecules decreases; in the rarefaction phase, the average distance between molecules increases. Therefore, under the action of the negative pressure phase of ultrasonic vibration and with sufficiently high sound intensity, the distance between plastic 30 molecules may be stretched beyond its normal limit, leading to the destruction of the structural integrity of plastic 30 and the generation of cavities or voids. Once cavitation bubbles are formed, their volume gradually increases under the continuous action of the negative pressure phase. The subsequent positive pressure phase of ultrasonic vibration causes these cavitation bubbles to be compressed, some of which continue to oscillate, while others completely collapse. The instantaneous high temperature and pressure generated contribute to the melting and carbonization of plastic 30 particles.

[0047] Understandably, heating holes can also be made on the mold 20, and heating rods can be added inside the heating holes to improve the heating efficiency of the plastic 30.

[0048] Please see Figs. 1-3 In some embodiments, the primary carbonization step includes the following steps:

[0049] S31: Vibration stage, the punch 10 performs ultrasonic vibration on the polymer material for a first predetermined time;

[0050] S32: During the pressure holding stage, the punch 10 stops vibrating and presses the polymer material downwards for a second predetermined time.

[0051] Understandably, during the vibration phase, the punch 10 will also cause the gas inside the mold cavity 21 to undergo high-speed and high-pressure compression, generating a large amount of heat in a very short time. This heat will be conducted to the plastic 30 and melt the plastic 30. The molten plastic 30 will envelop the punch 10, resulting in a small contact area between the inner surface of the mold cavity 21 and the punch 10, reducing heat loss, thereby causing the plastic 30 to heat up instantly and reach the carbonization temperature of the plastic 30.

[0052] Please see Figs. 1-3It is also understandable that during the holding pressure stage, after the vibration of the punch 10 stops, in order to ensure that the plastics 30 adhere tightly to each other for carbonization, the punch 10 presses the plastics 30 together. This minimizes residual air during the carbonization process, creating a more oxygen-deficient environment. Furthermore, higher pressure reduces overflow, resulting in the plastics 30 experiencing greater back pressure from the inner wall of the circular hole. The holding pressure and holding time have a positive impact on carbonization, ensuring sufficient carbonization of the plastics 30 and improving the carbonization yield. During carbonization, the holding time is the length of time the raw material is held at a specific temperature and pressure to ensure sufficient carbonization. This not only promotes carbonization but also ultimately improves the structure and properties of the carbonized product.

[0053] In some embodiments, the first predetermined time ranges from 0.1 to 50 seconds. In this application, the first predetermined time is 1 second. In other embodiments, the time can be selected according to the actual situation, and no limitation is made here. For example, the first predetermined time can also be 0.1 seconds, 12 seconds, 22 seconds, 32 seconds, 44 seconds, or 50 seconds.

[0054] Please see Figs. 1-3 In some embodiments, the second predetermined time ranges from 0.1 to 50 seconds. In this application, the second predetermined time is also 1 second. In other embodiments, the time can be selected according to the actual situation, and no limitation is made here. For example, the second predetermined time can also be 0.1 seconds, 11 seconds, 34 seconds, 38 seconds, 42 seconds, or 50 seconds.

[0055] In some embodiments, the polymer treatment method further includes S4: a secondary carbonization step, wherein the secondary carbonization includes the following steps:

[0056] S41: Take out a portion of the polymer material located in the mold cavity 21 and separate another portion of the polymer material that is bonded to the punch 10. The polymer material will wrap around a local part of the punch 10 and can be manually separated from the punch 10.

[0057] S42: Combine the two portions of the polymer material and place them back into the mold cavity 21;

[0058] S43: Repeat the carbonization step described above.

[0059] Please see Figs. 1-3 Optionally, the carbonization area of ​​the plastic 30 is mainly concentrated at the sample edge far from the punch 10 and at the most severely compressed position between the sample side and the mold cavity 21 side plate. This is because the outside air is thinnest at this position, and the pressure is the greatest due to the squeezing action of the punch 10 and the mold cavity 21 side wall. This is also the main gas compression position, which causes the temperature to rise the fastest and is difficult to conduct away in a short time, thus making it easy for carbonization to occur.

[0060] In some embodiments, in step S42, the material in the center region of the polymer material is adjusted to the edge region, and the material in the edge region of the polymer material is adjusted to the center region. The edge region of the plastic 30 is prone to carbonization due to compression and air scarcity; by adjusting the material in the edge region and the center region of the polymer material, the overall carbonization effect is improved.

[0061] In some embodiments, in step S42, the material on the surface of the polymer material is adjusted to its interior, and the material inside the polymer material is adjusted to its exterior.

[0062] Please see Figs. 1-3 It is understandable that the carbon content change in the surface area of ​​the plastic 30 after one carbonization treatment is higher than the overall carbon content change. In this method, the carbonization of the plastic 30 is mainly induced to occur on its surface, resulting in the outer surface of the plastic 30 being wrapped with high carbon content material, while its interior still maintains its original structure. By taking out the plastic 30 on the punch 10 and the plastic 30 in the mold cavity 21 and mixing the two types of plastic 30, the material on the surface of the plastic 30 is adjusted to its interior, and the material inside is adjusted to its exterior, and / or the material in the central area of ​​the plastic 30 is adjusted to the edge area, and the material in the edge area is adjusted to the central area, and then another carbonization step is performed, thereby improving the carbonization effect of the plastic 30 and making the plastic 30 fully carbonized as a whole.

[0063] In some embodiments, the secondary carbonization step is repeated multiple times.

[0064] Optionally, by performing multiple secondary carbonization steps, the plastic 30 can be continuously carbonized, thereby improving the overall carbonization rate. In this embodiment, the secondary carbonization step is repeated four times. In other embodiments, the secondary carbonization step can also be repeated five times or more. There is no limitation here, and the choice can be made according to the actual situation.

[0065] Please see Figs. 1-3 In some embodiments, there is a gap between the side surface of the punch 10 and the cavity wall of the mold cavity 21, and the gap ranges from 0.008 to 0.012 mm. In this embodiment, the gap is 0.01 mm. In other embodiments, the gap can also be 0.008 mm or 0.012 mm. There is no limitation here, and it can be selected according to the actual situation.

[0066] Please see Figs. 1-3 It is understandable that a reasonable gap allows the punch 10 to expel some air during vibration, creating a low-oxygen environment in the mold cavity 21. At the same time, it also allows the inner wall of the mold cavity 21 and the side surface of the punch 10 to compress the plastic 30, so that the edge of the plastic can be partially located within the gap, thus improving the carbonization effect of the plastic 30.

[0067] In some embodiments, the polymer material includes a plurality of material sheets, which are circular, elliptical, irregular, or polygonal, and can be selected according to the actual situation, without limitation.

[0068] Please see Figs. 1-3 Optionally, in this embodiment, the material sheet is circular, with a diameter ranging from 4 to 6 mm and a thickness ranging from 2 to 3 mm. For example, the diameter of the material sheet is 4 mm, 4.5 mm, 5 mm, 5.5 mm, or 6 mm. The thickness of the material sheet is 2 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.8 mm, or 3 mm. Optionally, spherical or block-shaped activated carbon can also be added to the polymer material and mixed with plastic 30. Through the cavitation effect of ultrasonic vibration, the chemical properties of the activated carbon are improved, allowing the activated carbon to act as a catalyst, improving the carbonization of plastic 30, and enhancing the adsorption capacity of the final carbon material.

[0069] Optionally, the cross-sectional shape of the mold cavity 21 is circular, and the diameter of the cross-section is 5.12 mm.

[0070] In some embodiments, the polymer material is PVC and / or PET.

[0071] PVC material is polyvinyl chloride, which has good weather resistance and chemical corrosion resistance, and is therefore widely used in construction, pipes, wires and cables, furniture and other fields.

[0072] PET material is polyethylene terephthalate, also known as polyester fiber. It possesses excellent mechanical properties, heat resistance, and transparency, making it widely used in food packaging, beverage bottles, and fiber products.

[0073] Understandably, the widespread use of PVC and PET materials means that waste plastics 30 are mostly in the form of PVC and PET materials, thus expanding the application scope of this method.

[0074] In some embodiments, the ultrasonic vibration output by the ultrasonic vibration processing equipment is ultrasonic wave, which can be a longitudinal wave, also known as a compression wave. During ultrasonic vibration, the vibration direction of the longitudinal wave is consistent with the wave propagation direction, which helps to effectively transfer energy to the contact surface of the material, thereby increasing the temperature of the material. The high-frequency vibration of the ultrasonic wave causes frictional heat to be generated at the contact surface of the material, softening the material and ultimately achieving the purpose of melting and carbonization.

[0075] In some embodiments, the ultrasonic waves output by the ultrasonic vibration processing equipment are transverse waves. It is understood that transverse waves can laterally compress the plastic 30. By compressing the peripheral surface of the plastic 30 with transverse waves, the heating rate and carbonization effect are improved.

[0076] In some embodiments, the mold 20 is located in a vacuum environment, a liquid environment, or an inert gas environment.

[0077] Please see Figs. 1-3 Optionally, the mold 20 and punch 10 located in a vacuum environment can place the plastic 30 in an oxygen-free environment, thereby improving the carbonization of the plastic 30.

[0078] Optionally, the inert gas in the inert gas environment can be argon, which can put the plastic 30 in an oxygen-free environment, thereby improving the carbonization of the plastic 30.

[0079] Optionally, the carbon material can be a porous material located in the mold 20 and punch 10 in a liquid environment to carbonize the plastic 30. The liquid environment can be a liquid environment formed by alcohol or a liquid nitrogen environment. When the plastic is carbonized in the liquid environment, the porous structure of the carbon material is improved, the number of micropores on the carbon material is increased, thereby improving its adsorption performance when used as activated carbon.

[0080] Understandably, the high-frequency vibrations caused by ultrasonic vibrations lead to a significant amount of friction and localized high temperatures within the plastic material. These high temperatures cause the plastic to melt or soften in certain areas, and as the temperature rapidly decreases, the molten portion re-solidifies and forms a porous structure.

[0081] It is also understandable that during ultrasonic vibration, high-frequency vibration can induce the formation of microbubbles within the plastic. These bubbles may rapidly expand or aggregate under high temperature and pressure conditions. When the bubbles cannot escape in time, they are trapped inside the plastic, thus forming a porous structure. Similarly, ultrasonic vibration in liquids induces cavitation, the formation and rapid collapse of bubbles. Plastics also experience a similar cavitation effect under high-frequency vibration and localized high temperature conditions, and the liquid environment further inhibits bubble escape, thereby increasing the formation of internal bubbles and porous structures.

[0082] Moreover, high-frequency vibrations can induce stress concentration inside plastics. These stress concentration areas can lead to the formation and propagation of microcracks, which may connect with each other in the liquid environment and during the propagation process, thus forming a porous structure.

[0083] This application also provides a carbon material prepared by the above-described polymer processing method. It is understood that when processing carbon-based plastics, the resulting carbon material is a carbon-based carbon material, while when processing non-carbon-based plastics, the resulting carbon material is a non-carbon-based carbon material.

[0084] Optionally, in this application, carbon-based plastics are carbonized at high speed during ultrasonic vibration processing. The target product is a solid product—carbon-based carbon material, which can be used as a precursor for activated carbon adsorption material for material separation and purification processes. There is no secondary pollution, and the yield can reach 40%.

[0085] Please see Figs. 1-3 This application utilizes ultrasonic vibration manufacturing technology to promote the carbonization of plastic 30 to prepare carbon-based adsorbent materials, solving the problem of efficient recycling and conversion of waste plastic 30 resources. Compared with traditional pyrolysis or chemical treatment methods, it has advantages such as simple operation, short reaction time, low energy consumption, and environmental friendliness. The generated carbon material can serve as a precursor for high-quality activated carbon. After ultrasonic vibration treatment, the carbon-based product can form a complex porous and layered structure, and its surface can be made hydrophilic or hydrophobic through simple physical or chemical activation treatments, making it suitable for use as a material with high adsorption capacity.

[0086] The above are merely optional embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A method for processing a polymer, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Materials preparation includes preparing polymer material, ultrasonic vibration processing equipment, and molds. The ultrasonic vibration processing equipment has a retractable punch, and the mold has a cavity for placing the polymer material. Assembly: The punch is inserted into the mold cavity and the polymer material is pre-pressed. In a single carbonization process, the ultrasonic vibration processing equipment drives the punch to perform ultrasonic vibration, causing the punch to vibrate and press the polymer material, thereby heating and melting the polymer material and causing it to carbonize. The carbonization step includes the following steps: S31: Vibration stage, the punch performs ultrasonic vibration on the polymer material for a first predetermined time; The molten polymer material encapsulates the punch to minimize the contact area between the inner surface of the mold cavity and the punch, thereby reducing heat loss and allowing the polymer material to heat up instantaneously to reach its carbonization temperature. Furthermore, during the high-frequency vibration of the punch, and at the instant the polymer material comes into contact with the punch, the air or gas at the location of the polymer material is partially expelled from the mold cavity by the punch, so that the polymer material is in a low-oxygen environment, thereby making the polymer material more prone to carbonization; S32: During the pressure holding stage, the punch stops vibrating and presses the polymer material downwards for a second predetermined time; the punch presses the polymer material to minimize residual air in the carbonization process, thus meeting the oxygen-deficient conditions. There is a gap between the side surface of the punch and the cavity wall of the mold cavity.

2. The polymer processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polymer processing method further includes a secondary carbonization step, which comprises the following steps: S41: Remove a portion of the polymer material located in the mold cavity and separate another portion of the polymer material adhered to the punch; S42: Combine the two portions of the polymer material and then place them into the mold cavity; S43: Repeat the carbonization step described above.

3. The polymer processing method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The secondary carbonization step is repeated multiple times.

4. The polymer processing method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S42, the material in the center region of the polymer material is adjusted to the edge region, and the material in the edge region of the polymer material is adjusted to the center region.

5. The polymer processing method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S42, the material on the surface of the polymer material is adjusted to its interior, and the material inside the polymer material is adjusted to its exterior.

6. The method for processing the polymer as described in any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The ultrasonic vibration output by the ultrasonic vibration processing equipment is ultrasonic wave, which is a longitudinal wave or a transverse wave.

7. The method for processing the polymer according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The mold is located in a vacuum environment, a liquid environment, or an inert gas environment.

8. A carbon material, characterized in that, The carbon material is prepared by the processing method of the polymer according to any one of claims 1-7.

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