Solar chimney salt lake brine enrichment system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar chimney salt lake brine enrichment system and method. The system comprises a heat collection shed, a chimney, a base, a spraying device and a partition plate. The heat collecting shed is arranged above the base, an opening is formed in the center of the heat collecting shed, a chimney is connected to the opening, and the spraying devices are arranged on the lower surface of the inner side of the heat collecting shed; the partition plates are arranged on the base and divide the base into a plurality of brine evaporation chambers; the heat collection shed and the partition plates are filled with phase change materials. The whole device is of a solar chimney structure, and the structure can improve the evaporation rate of salt pan brine through the chimney effect and the greenhouse effect; meanwhile, spraying devices are installed in several cavities formed by the heat collecting shed and the partition plates respectively, independent atomization and concentration of brine are achieved, the brine makes contact with air in a liquid drop mode, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, more importantly, the phase-change materials and the spraying devices are combined to be used, interference of external climate changes can be weakened, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved. The brine is concentrated according to a designed route, and the controllability of refined salt quality is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of brine enrichment, and in particular relates to a solar chimney salt lake brine enrichment system and method. Background Art

[0002] my country is rich in salt lake resources. Salt lake brine contains a variety of chemical components, such as Li, K, Na, Mg, Br, etc., which have extremely high development value. Among them, the salt lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are particularly concentrated. These areas are at high altitudes, flat and open, dry all year round, and have abundant sunshine, which are very suitable for the use of solar energy to extract and utilize salt lake brine resources. At present, the main method is to build salt fields on site and use solar energy to dry salt fields on the beach to obtain enriched old brine, that is, to achieve the concentration and salt precipitation of brine through natural evaporation, and then carry out the next step of deep chemical treatment to produce refined salt.

[0003] The above-mentioned ordinary salt pan beach drying technology uses natural wind and solar energy to enrich salt lake brine, which has the advantages of low energy consumption and simple process. However, it also has many shortcomings, which are mainly reflected in the following four aspects: (1) The salt pan construction area is large and the mineralization cycle is long. Brine is collected in the designated salt pan to form a brine pool. The brine evaporates naturally only on the surface of the salt pan, and the air flow rate at the liquid surface is low, so the evaporation efficiency is low, resulting in a large salt pan construction area, which will also cause brine leakage and waste of resources. Using this technology, the mineralization cycle is often more than one year, accounting for a huge proportion of the entire production cycle, making the entire production process inefficient.

[0004] (2) The evaporation process of brine is greatly affected by changes in meteorological conditions, and the evaporation process is highly uncontrollable. Salt lakes are mostly concentrated in high-altitude areas, with large changes in day and night and annual average temperature. Changes in environmental conditions such as temperature fluctuations between day and night, fluctuations in solar radiation, or differences in surface wind speed will greatly affect the evaporation environment of brine. Due to the complex composition of brine, it is often extremely necessary to ensure the stability of the evaporation environment in order to ensure that the crystallization route of the brine meets expectations. Therefore, the final mineralization product obtained in the ordinary sun-drying process is often of low quality, which increases the difficulty and complexity of deep processing.

[0005] (3) A separate salt particle screening process is required afterwards. The ultimate goal of brine concentration is to extract the target refined salt. To truly apply it to industrial production, it is not only necessary to meet the composition requirements, but also to control it within a certain size range. The ordinary beach drying process cannot control the size of refined salt at all. For example, lithium carbonate has a wide range of applications in lithium batteries and other fields. The size of lithium carbonate particles has an important influence on the performance and application of lithium salts. The smaller the particle size, the larger the specific surface area, the faster the chemical reaction rate, and the better the electrochemical performance.

[0006] (4) Since brine is in an open environment, the evaporation process of brine will reduce water resources in the already arid salt lake area and destroy the balance of the ecological environment. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a solar chimney salt lake brine enrichment system and method to solve the above problems.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A solar chimney salt lake brine enrichment system comprises a heat collecting shed, a chimney, a base, a spray device and a baffle; the heat collecting shed is arranged above the base, an opening is arranged at the center of the heat collecting shed, the chimney is connected to the opening, and a plurality of spray devices are arranged on the inner lower surface of the heat collecting shed; the baffle is arranged on the base to divide the base into a plurality of brine evaporation chambers; the heat collecting shed and the baffle are both filled with phase change material.

[0009] Furthermore, the base includes a brine pool, insulation material, a filter and heat storage soil. The brine pool is set on the heat storage soil, and the side of the brine pool is wrapped by insulation material; the filter covers the top of the brine pool.

[0010] Furthermore, a plurality of partitions divide the brine pool into a plurality of brine evaporation chambers, and the spray device is located above each brine evaporation chamber.

[0011] Furthermore, the heat collecting shed includes transparent glass and transparent phase change material, the transparent glass is a double-layer hollow structure, and the transparent phase change material is filled in the transparent glass.

[0012] Furthermore, the partition includes a phase change material and a metal plate, the metal plate is a double-layer hollow structure, and the phase change material is filled in the metal plate.

[0013] Furthermore, a wind turbine is provided at the connection between the heat collecting shed and the chimney, the wind turbine is connected to a battery, and the battery is connected to a spray device.

[0014] Furthermore, a condensation water collecting device is provided on the top of the chimney to collect fresh water.

[0015] Furthermore, the condensation water collection device includes a condenser, a water collection tank, a water supply pipeline and a fresh water tank; the condenser is arranged at the outlet of the chimney, the lower part of the condenser is connected to the water collection tank, and the water collection tank is connected to the fresh water tank through the water supply pipeline.

[0016] Furthermore, the spray device is a spray device with adjustable spray particle size.

[0017] An operating method of a solar chimney salt lake brine enrichment system comprises the following steps: During the day, the solar shed and partition absorb heat and rise in temperature after being exposed to sunlight. When the radiation is too high, the phase change materials embedded in the solar shed and partition absorb excess heat and convert it into its own phase change latent heat, keeping the temperature of the solar shed and partition stable within the phase change temperature, and the air temperature in the brine evaporation chamber rises; The existence of the chimney triggers the chimney effect. The airflow in the brine evaporation chamber is continuously sucked in from the edge inlet of the collector shed, flows through each brine evaporation chamber, and gathers at the chimney inlet. The gathered airflow drives the wind turbine to rotate, generating electricity and storing it in the battery. After the air temperature and flow rate in the brine evaporation chamber are stable, the raw brine is pumped into the spray device, and the brine is atomized into droplets, which are fully in contact with the air flow in the brine evaporation chamber and evaporated. As the brine enters the late stage of concentration, when the concentration reaches a certain value, some salt particles will precipitate during the evaporation process, and salt particles with too small particle size or brine that has not evaporated into nuclei will fall into the brine pool of this level, waiting to enter the next level of brine evaporation chamber for further evaporation; As the brine continues to evaporate, the water vapor formed by evaporation is carried by the airflow into the chimney entrance until it reaches the condenser above the chimney. The airflow fully exchanges heat with the condenser, and the water vapor it carries is condensed and collected in the water collection pool. The recovered fresh water is introduced into the fresh water pool through the water pipeline; At night, the phase change material embedded between the solar shed and the partition will release huge constant temperature phase change latent heat to maintain the temperature of the brine evaporation chamber wall, thereby stabilizing the temperature inside the brine evaporation chamber.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects: The solar chimney salt pan brine enrichment system based on phase change material and spray device provided by the present invention is a solar chimney structure as a whole. The structure can utilize the chimney effect and the greenhouse effect to increase the evaporation rate of salt pan brine, thereby shortening the mineralization cycle; at the same time, spray devices are respectively installed in several chambers formed by the heat collecting shed and the partition to realize the atomization of the brine. The brine contacts the air in the form of droplets, which increases the contact area between the brine and the air, improves the heat exchange efficiency between the brine and the air, and thus reduces the area of ​​salt pan construction.

[0019] Since most salt lakes in the present invention are concentrated in high-altitude areas, they have the characteristics of large changes in day and night and annual average temperature. The brine evaporation process is easily affected by changes in meteorological conditions. Therefore, phase change materials are embedded in the heat collection shed and the partition. The phase change material can absorb heat and convert energy into phase change latent heat at high temperatures during the day, and release phase change latent heat at low temperatures at night. That is, the huge constant temperature latent heat generated by the phase change material during the phase change is used to maintain the temperature of the wall of the brine evaporation chamber near the phase change temperature, thereby stabilizing the air flow temperature inside each level of the chamber within a certain temperature range; at the same time, since the flow of air flow inside the system is closely related to the temperature difference between the internal chamber and the external environment, thereby forming a gas density difference, it can also weaken the fluctuation of wind speed inside the chamber; the heat collection shed can also act as a rain shelter when it rains to prevent rainwater from entering the brine pool and affecting the brine composition. This system can achieve the purpose of reducing the interference of external environmental changes on the brine evaporation process, thereby improving the quality of brine concentration.

[0020] The spray device installed in the present invention can not only atomize the brine into droplets to improve the heat exchange efficiency between the brine and the air, but also control the size of the atomized droplets, cooperate with the stable evaporation environment, evaporate and concentrate to obtain the target refined salt that meets the particle size requirements. By covering the brine pool with a filter screen of a certain mesh size, the salt that meets the requirements can be directly screened out and extracted, thereby realizing the integration of the precipitation and screening process of salt particles.

[0021] Due to the ordinary salt pan beach drying process, the brine is in an open evaporation state, and the evaporation process cannot recover fresh water, which will reduce the water resources in the already arid salt lake area and destroy the balance of the ecological environment. A condenser is set on the inside of the chimney outlet to condense the moisture carried in the humid air, realizing the recovery of fresh water while enriching the brine, reducing the damage to the ecological environment during the brine enrichment process.

[0022] The method proposed in the present invention of adding a partition with a phase change material embedded between the solar collector shed and the system base has the following three advantages: the graded salt fields are integrated into a solar chimney structure, avoiding the construction of multiple solar chimney devices and saving the construction cost of the chimney structure. Second, each partition and the solar collector shed form brine evaporation chambers of different levels in sequence, which can prevent the brine droplets in different chambers from mixing with each other after being blown by the airflow; third, the contact between the airflow and the wall surface embedded with the phase change material, i.e., the temperature controllable surface, is increased, which improves the stability of the airflow temperature.

[0023] The present invention has strong environmental adaptability and can select the phase change material with a suitable phase change temperature to be embedded according to the brine composition, climate environment and corresponding brine evaporation and crystallization route in different salt lake areas; the relative position of the partition in the system can be changed, and the area of ​​each level of salt field can be formulated according to actual needs.

[0024] In general, this system has a simple structure and strong adaptability, and retains the low energy consumption advantage of ordinary salt field beach drying technology. It can also shorten the mineralization cycle, reduce the salt field area, improve the quality of brine concentration, realize the integration of salt analysis and screening processes, and recycle fresh water to reduce the damage to the ecological environment during the brine enrichment process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 The figure shows the overall appearance of the system; Figure 2 Shown is a front view of the internal structure of this system; Figure 3 Shown is a top view of the internal structure of the system; Figure 4 The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the solar collector shed; Figure 5 Shown is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the partition.

[0026] Among them, the reference numerals in the figure are: 1. chimney; 11. wind turbine; 2. heat collecting shed; 21. transparent glass; 22. transparent phase change material; 3. partition; 30. brine evaporation chamber; 31. phase change material; 32. metal material 4. brine pool; 41. heat storage soil; 42. filter; 43. insulation material; 5. spray device; 6. condenser; 61. water collection pool; 62. water pipeline; 63. fresh water pool; 7. battery. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0030] Example 1, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 A solar chimney salt lake brine enrichment system comprises a heat collecting shed 2, a chimney 1, a base, a spray device 5 and a partition 3; the heat collecting shed 2 is arranged above the base, an opening is arranged at the center of the heat collecting shed 2, the chimney 1 is connected to the opening, and a plurality of spray devices 5 are arranged on the inner lower surface of the heat collecting shed 2; the partition 3 is arranged on the base, dividing the base into a plurality of brine evaporation chambers 30; the heat collecting shed 2 and the partition 3 are both filled with phase change materials.

[0031] The system and method proposed in the present invention are to improve and perfect the early stage concentration process of salt lake brine. Therefore, the key to the improvement is not only to shorten the concentration cycle, but also to try to improve the stability of the brine evaporation environment.

[0032] Embodiment 2, the present invention provides a solar chimney salt lake brine enrichment system, specifically comprising: like Figure 1 As shown, the overall appearance structure of the system is a solar chimney structure, and the airflow chamber 30 below the heat collecting shed 2 is separated by a partition 3. like Figure 2 As shown, the system base is composed of a brine pool 4 and heat storage soil 41, and the side of the brine pool 4 is wrapped with a heat insulation material 43. The spray device 5 is arranged directly above the brine pool 4 and connected to the inner side of the heat collecting shed 2. The particle size of the atomized droplets can be adjusted by adjusting the spray device 5 to match the temperature in the brine evaporation chamber 30, so as to realize the evaporation of the brine according to the specified crystallization route. The filter screen 42 with a certain mesh number is covered directly above the brine pool 4 and will not be submerged by the brine. The mesh number of the filter screen 42 can be reasonably selected according to the size range of the target salt particles required. The filter screen 42 can filter out the target salt particles that meet the particle size requirements formed during the evaporation process.

[0033] After the atomized brine droplets fully contact and evaporate with the airflow in the brine evaporation chamber 30, they fall into the filter 42. The filter 42 can filter out the salt particles that meet the particle size requirements in the concentrated droplets to achieve the extraction of the target refined salt. The concentrated brine that passes through the filter 42 falls into the brine pool 4 below. When the concentration of this level is completed, it is drawn into the spray device 5 in the next brine evaporation chamber 30 for atomization to achieve further concentration. The airflows from each brine evaporation chamber 30 are gathered at the inlet of the chimney 1, driving the wind turbine 11 to rotate, so that the kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy and stored in the battery 7. The electrical energy in the battery 7 can provide the energy required by the spray device 5. A condenser 6 is installed near the outlet of the chimney 1 to condense the water vapor carried in the airflow near the outlet of the chimney 1 and recycle it into the water collection tank 61, and introduce the recovered fresh water into the fresh water pool 63 through the water pipeline 62.

[0034] The heat collecting shed 2 is composed of transparent glass 21 and transparent phase change material 22. The transparent phase change material 22 is a solid-liquid phase change material embedded in the transparent glass material 22. The partition is composed of phase change material 31 and metal plate 32. The phase change material 31 is also embedded in the metal plate 32 to prevent the phase change material from leaking. The selection of phase change temperature needs to be combined with the requirements of the brine concentration process and the local irradiation level. It is necessary to ensure that the phase change material can absorb heat and reach the phase change temperature when placed in the environment, and to ensure that the temperature in the brine evaporation chamber 30 can achieve the concentration requirements of the brine.

[0035] The working process of this system is as follows: During the day, when sunlight shines on the system, the heat collecting shed 2 and the partition 3 absorb heat and heat up. When the radiation is too high, the phase change materials 21 and 31 embedded in the heat collecting shed 2 and the partition 3 will absorb excess heat and convert it into their own phase change latent heat, so the temperature of the heat collecting shed 2 and the partition 3 will be stabilized within the phase change temperature. Based on the greenhouse effect, the air temperature in the brine evaporation chamber 30 rises, and because the wall of the brine evaporation chamber 30 is composed of the heat collecting shed 2 and the partition 3, the air temperature and flow rate inside the system will also gradually stabilize.

[0036] At the same time, due to the existence of the chimney 1, the chimney effect will be triggered. The air in the brine evaporation chamber 30 will form a certain density difference with the outside air. The airflow will be continuously sucked in from the inlet of the solar shed 2 and flow through each brine evaporation chamber 30, and gathered at the inlet of the chimney 1. The gathered airflow together drives the rotation of the wind turbine 11.

[0037] After the air temperature and flow rate in the brine evaporation chamber 30 are stabilized, the raw brine is pumped into the spray device 5, and the brine is atomized into droplets, which are fully in contact with the airflow in the brine evaporation chamber 30 and evaporated, which can meet the concentration requirements in a relatively short time. As the brine enters the late stage of concentration, when the concentration reaches a certain value, a part of salt particles will precipitate during the evaporation process, and salt particles with too small particle size or brine that has not evaporated into nuclei will fall into the brine pool 4 of this level, waiting to enter the brine evaporation chamber 30 of the next level for further evaporation.

[0038] As the brine continues to evaporate, the water vapor formed by the evaporation is carried by the air flow into the entrance of the chimney 1 until it reaches the condenser 6 above the chimney 1. The air flow fully exchanges heat with the condenser 6, and the water vapor it carries is condensed and collected in the water collection tank 61, and the recovered fresh water is introduced into the fresh water tank 63 through the water pipeline 62.

[0039] At night, due to the absence of solar radiation and the lower ambient temperature, the phase change materials 21 and 31 embedded between the solar shed 2 and the partition 3 will release huge constant temperature phase change latent heat to maintain the temperature of the brine evaporation chamber wall, thereby stabilizing the temperature inside the brine evaporation chamber 30; at the same time, due to the flow of airflow inside the system, it is closely related to the temperature difference between the internal chamber and the external environment, thereby forming a gas density difference, so it can also weaken the fluctuation of wind speed inside the chamber.

[0040] In addition, the heat collecting shed can also serve as a rain shelter when it rains, preventing rainwater from entering the brine pool and affecting the composition of the brine. Therefore, the presence of the phase change material can greatly weaken the impact of changes in the external environment on the evaporation environment of the brine in the brine evaporation chamber 30. Therefore, in a region with a changeable climate such as the salt lake, the system can not only control the size of the brine droplets through the spray device 5, but also stabilize and control the air flow temperature and wind speed in the brine evaporation chamber 30 by embedding phase change materials 21 and 31 with reasonable phase change temperatures inside the heat collecting shed 2 and the partition 3. The brine can be evaporated completely according to the predicted constant temperature evaporation crystallization route, achieving high-quality concentration of the brine.

[0041] The solar chimney salt lake brine enrichment system provided by the present invention cleverly combines the solar chimney structure with the brine evaporation and concentration process. The system is mainly composed of a heat collection shed, a brine pool, heat storage soil, a spray device, a filter, a brine evaporation chamber, a chimney, a wind turbine, a battery, a condenser, etc. Through the coordinated work of various components, efficient evaporation of brine and high-quality extraction of target refined salt are achieved, and water vapor is recovered and converted into electrical energy, thereby achieving efficient utilization of energy.

[0042] Efficient evaporation and refined salt extraction: The brine is atomized into droplets through a spray device, which increases the contact area between the brine and the airflow and improves the evaporation efficiency.

[0043] The filter can screen out salt particles that meet the particle size requirements, achieving efficient extraction of refined salt.

[0044] Stable control of temperature and wind speed: The phase change materials embedded in the solar shed and partitions can absorb or release heat, stabilize the temperature in the brine evaporation chamber, and ensure that the brine evaporates according to the predicted constant temperature evaporation and crystallization route.

[0045] The airflow caused by the chimney effect and the temperature regulation of the phase change material jointly stabilize the wind speed in the brine evaporation chamber.

[0046] Efficient use of energy: The system uses solar energy as the main energy source, absorbing sunlight through the collector shed and converting it into heat energy to drive the evaporation of brine.

[0047] The airflow gathers at the chimney inlet and drives the wind turbine to rotate, converting kinetic energy into electrical energy and storing it in the battery for use by the spray device, thus realizing the recycling of energy.

[0048] Recovery and utilization of water vapor: The condenser condenses and recovers the water vapor carried in the air flow near the outlet of the chimney, and introduces it into the fresh water pool, thus realizing the recycling and reuse of water resources.

[0049] Strong environmental adaptability: The phase change materials embedded in the solar shed and partitions can weaken the impact of external environmental changes on the brine evaporation environment in the brine evaporation chamber, allowing the system to operate stably in salt lake areas with changeable climates.

[0050] The solar shed can also serve as a rain shelter to prevent rainwater from entering the brine pool and affecting the composition of the brine.

[0051] In summary, the solar chimney salt lake brine enrichment system of the present invention realizes efficient evaporation of brine and extraction of high-quality refined salt through ingenious structural design and coordinated work of various components, while recovering water vapor and converting it into electrical energy, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency. The system also has strong environmental adaptability and can operate stably in salt lake areas with changeable climates. Therefore, the technical solution has broad application prospects and important promotion value in the field of salt lake brine enrichment.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar chimney salt lake brine enrichment system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a heat collecting shed (2), a chimney (1), a base, a spray device (5) and a partition (3); the heat collecting shed (2) is arranged above the base, an opening is arranged at the center of the heat collecting shed (2), the chimney (1) is connected to the opening, and a plurality of spray devices (5) are arranged on the inner lower surface of the heat collecting shed (2); the partition (3) is arranged on the base, and divides the base into a plurality of brine evaporation chambers (30); and the heat collecting shed (2) and the partition (3) are both filled with phase change material.

2. A solar chimney salt lake brine enrichment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base comprises a brine pool (4), a heat insulating material (43), a filter screen (42) and heat storage soil (41); the brine pool (4) is arranged on the heat storage soil (41); the side of the brine pool (4) is wrapped by the heat insulating material (43); and the filter screen (42) covers the brine pool (4) directly above the brine pool (4).

3. A solar chimney salt lake brine enrichment system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of partitions (3) divide the brine pool (4) into a plurality of brine evaporation chambers (30), and a spray device (5) is located above each brine evaporation chamber (30).

4. The solar chimney salt lake brine enrichment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat collection shed (2) comprises transparent glass (21) and a transparent phase change material (22); the transparent glass (21) is a double-layer hollow structure, and the transparent phase change material (22) is filled in the transparent glass (21).

5. The solar chimney salt lake brine enrichment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The partition (3) comprises a phase change material (31) and a metal plate (32); the metal plate (32) is a double-layer hollow structure, and the phase change material (31) is filled in the metal plate (32).

6. The solar chimney salt lake brine enrichment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A wind turbine (11) is provided at the connection between the heat collecting shed (2) and the chimney (1), the wind turbine (11) is connected to a storage battery (7), and the storage battery (7) is connected to a spray device (5).

7. The solar chimney salt lake brine enrichment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A condensation water collection device is provided at the top of the chimney to collect fresh water.

8. The solar chimney salt lake brine enrichment system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The condensation water collection device comprises a condenser (6), a water collection tank (61), a water delivery pipe (62) and a fresh water tank (63); the condenser (6) is arranged at the outlet of the chimney (1), the lower part of the condenser (6) is connected to the water collection tank (61), and the water collection tank (61) is connected to the fresh water tank (63) via the water delivery pipe (62).

9. The solar chimney salt lake brine enrichment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spray device (5) is a spray device with adjustable spray particle diameter.

10. An operating method of a solar chimney salt lake brine enrichment system, characterized in that: The solar chimney salt lake brine enrichment system according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: During the day, the heat collecting shed (2) and the partition (3) absorb heat and rise in temperature after being exposed to sunlight. When the radiation amount is too high, the phase change material embedded in the heat collecting shed (2) and the partition (3) absorbs excess heat and converts it into its own phase change latent heat, thereby keeping the temperature of the heat collecting shed (2) and the partition (3) stable within the phase change temperature, and the air temperature in the brine evaporation chamber (30) rises; The existence of the chimney (1) triggers a chimney effect, whereby the airflow in the brine evaporation chamber (30) is continuously sucked in from the edge inlet of the heat collecting shed (2), flows through each brine evaporation chamber (30), and is gathered at the inlet of the chimney (1). The gathered airflow together drives the rotation of the wind turbine (11), thereby generating electric energy which is stored in the storage battery (7); After the air temperature and flow rate in the brine evaporation chamber (30) are stabilized, the raw brine is pumped into the spray device (5), and the brine is atomized into droplets, which are fully in contact with the air flow in the brine evaporation chamber (30) and evaporated. As the brine enters the late stage of concentration, when the concentration reaches a certain value, a portion of salt particles will precipitate during the evaporation process, and salt particles with too small a particle size or brine that has not evaporated into nuclei will fall into the brine pool (4) of this stage to wait for entering the brine evaporation chamber (30) of the next stage for further evaporation; As the brine continues to evaporate, the water vapor formed by the evaporation is carried by the airflow and flows into the chimney (1) entrance until it reaches the condenser (6) above the chimney (1). The airflow fully exchanges heat with the condenser (6), and the water vapor carried by the airflow is condensed and collected in the water collection tank (61). The recovered fresh water is introduced into the fresh water tank (63) through the water delivery pipe (62); At night, the phase change material embedded between the heat collecting shed (2) and the partition (3) releases huge isothermal phase change latent heat to maintain the temperature of the brine evaporation chamber wall, thereby stabilizing the temperature in the brine evaporation chamber (30).

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