A reliability testing system and method for grating encoders in oil mist environment

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of encoder testing technology, providing a reliability testing system and method for grating encoders in oil mist environments. This invention not only simulates actual operating conditions of rotational speed and oil mist environment, but also supports simultaneous testing of multiple grating encoders, significantly saving testing costs and time. It employs a closed-loop control strategy for the oil mist environment, achieving closed-loop control of oil mist concentration through the cooperation of an oil mist concentration sensor, an oil mist generator, an oil mist collector, and an oil mist system closed-loop control module, facilitating subsequent quantitative evaluation of grating encoder reliability. By setting temperature, humidity, and acceleration sensors, the system can monitor the temperature, humidity, and vibration conditions of the grating encoder in real time, facilitating a comprehensive evaluation of the multi-stress effects on grating encoder reliability. Only the size of the grating encoder clamping device needs to be changed to test different models and sizes of grating encoders, demonstrating the system's versatility and flexibility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of encoder testing technology, and in particular relates to a reliability testing system and method for grating encoders in oil mist environment. Background Technology

[0002] An optical encoder is a digital angle measurement device integrating optics, mechanics, and electronics. It is a sensor that converts physical quantities such as rotational angular position, angular displacement, and angular velocity into electrical signals. Due to its advantages such as high measurement accuracy, small size, and wide measurement range, it is widely used in industries such as industry, defense, and aerospace. In CNC machine tools, the optical encoder is a key component responsible for the final closed-loop control measurement of angular displacement components. Its performance directly affects the accuracy and reliability of the machine tool. For example, encoders are used as feedback devices for the rotational positioning of components such as electric spindles, tool holders, and tool magazines, highlighting their importance. However, the performance of domestically produced optical encoders in the CNC machine tool market is not satisfactory, mainly because they have a higher failure rate and poorer reliability compared to foreign brands. Specifically, this manifests as susceptibility to damage to photoelectric devices, easy contamination and damage to the grating disk, high encoder error rate, and poor anti-interference capabilities. Therefore, improving product reliability has become a common focus for domestic optical encoder manufacturers and their users.

[0003] Reliability testing is a primary means of improving product reliability. These tests effectively expose defects and deficiencies in the design, processing, and manufacturing stages of a product, and the reliability data obtained serves as the basis for reliability analysis, modeling, and redesign. By collecting relevant fault data and conducting mechanistic analysis, it has been found that the encoder's sensitive stresses are mainly temperature, humidity, vibration, oil contamination, and electrical stress. Currently, researchers have focused more on the individual or combined effects of temperature, humidity, and vibration, but research on oil contamination as a sensitive stress is relatively lacking. However, in actual operation, faults caused by oil contamination are quite common. Therefore, it is necessary to research and develop reliability testing equipment and technology for grating encoders with oil contamination simulation capabilities, conduct laboratory reliability bench tests, actively expose and stimulate various potential faults in grating encoders, and propose and implement targeted improvement suggestions and measures through fault analysis. To this end, this invention proposes a reliability testing system and method for grating encoders in oil mist environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a reliability testing system and method for grating encoders in oil mist environments, aiming to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A reliability testing system for an oil mist environment of a grating encoder includes a test table, a main body, an oil mist environment testing device, and a detection and control system.

[0007] The main body is placed on a horizontal vibration isolation plane. The main body includes an oil mist test chamber, a clamping drive and environmental monitoring unit, and an acceleration sensor. The oil mist test chamber is used to install the clamping drive and environmental monitoring unit. The upper surface of the oil mist test chamber has an oil mist inlet and an oil mist outlet. The lower surface of the oil mist test chamber has an oil outlet to discharge the oil formed after the oil mist cools. The clamping drive and environmental monitoring unit is used to install and drive the grating encoder, and includes a locking nut, a connecting bushing, a servo motor, a mounting plate, a temperature sensor, and a humidity sensor. The grating encoder is fixed to the mounting plate by bolts. The locking nut is used to lock and fix the grating encoder. The connecting bushing is used to connect the grating encoder and the servo motor. The temperature sensor and humidity sensor are both installed on the outer surface of the grating encoder to monitor its temperature and humidity. The acceleration sensor is attached to the surface of the oil mist test chamber to monitor the vibration of the grating encoder.

[0008] The oil mist environment testing device includes an oil mist generator, an oil mist collector, an oil mist concentration sensor, an oil receiving basin, and oil mist piping used in the device; the oil mist generator is connected to the oil mist inlet and the oil mist collector is connected to the oil mist outlet through oil mist piping; the oil mist concentration sensor is attached to the oil mist test chamber to detect the oil mist concentration in the current environment; the oil receiving basin is placed below the oil outlet to receive the oil.

[0009] The detection and control system is placed on the test bench. The system includes a grating encoder control module, a data acquisition module, an oil mist system closed-loop control module, a power supply module, an industrial computer, and actuators. The grating encoder control module drives and controls the servo motor, including a servo driver and a PLC. The PLC inputs control signals, and the servo driver receives the control signals and converts them into motion commands for the servo motor. The data acquisition module collects performance data from the grating encoder and stores it in the industrial computer, including a Crio controller. The system comprises a 9078 data acquisition chassis, a vibration acquisition card, a temperature acquisition card, a humidity acquisition card, and an encoder signal acquisition card. The temperature, humidity, and vibration acquisition cards are paired with temperature, humidity, and accelerometer sensors, respectively, to acquire temperature, humidity, and vibration data during the testing of the optical encoder. The encoder signal acquisition card acquires the output signal information of the optical encoder through a matching serial port protocol converter. The oil mist system closed-loop control module, including an analog-to-digital converter and an STM32 series microcontroller, is used for closed-loop control of oil mist concentration. This module receives data from the oil mist concentration sensor via the analog-to-digital converter and the STM32 series microcontroller issues adjustment commands to the oil mist generator and oil mist collector. The industrial control computer includes a data logger and an alarm device for sending and receiving data and commands. The actuator controls the oil mist generator and oil mist collector.

[0010] Furthermore, when the oil mist inlet, oil mist outlet, and oil outlet are not in use, they are sealed with rubber plugs.

[0011] Furthermore, the clamp drive and environmental monitoring unit is fixedly installed on the side of the oil mist test chamber by bolt connection and with the help of soft washers.

[0012] Furthermore, the connection between the oil mist generator and the oil mist inlet, as well as the connection between the oil mist collector and the oil mist outlet, are all sealed with rubber rings.

[0013] Furthermore, the grating encoder control module, data acquisition module, oil mist system closed-loop control module, and power supply module are integrated into a single control box.

[0014] A method for reliability testing of grating encoders in oil mist environments, characterized in that the method is implemented based on the aforementioned grating encoder oil mist environment reliability testing system, and the method includes the following steps:

[0015] Step 1, Test Preparation Phase, specifically includes:

[0016] Step 11: Define the test objective;

[0017] Step 12: Prepare the test equipment: Select the grating encoder and install it correctly; attach the temperature sensor and humidity sensor to its surface; complete the fixing of the accelerometer sensor and the wiring for the grating encoder drive control and data acquisition.

[0018] Step 13: Set test parameters: Determine the rotation speed, oil mist concentration, and test duration;

[0019] Step 14: Develop a test plan;

[0020] Step 2, the test execution phase, specifically includes:

[0021] Step 21: Start the servo drive: Drive the grating encoder by controlling the servo motor;

[0022] Step 22: Start the oil mist generator;

[0023] Step 23: Adjust the oil mist concentration: Control the oil mist concentration through the oil mist concentration sensor and the closed-loop control module of the oil mist system;

[0024] Step 24, Test Start: After the oil mist environment reaches the preset conditions, the test will officially begin;

[0025] Step 25: Collect test data: Collect performance data of the grating encoder, including temperature, humidity, vibration, and output signal;

[0026] Step 26: Monitor the testing process: Monitor the oil mist concentration and the working status of the grating encoder in real time;

[0027] Step 27: Record the test data;

[0028] Step 28, Test End: After the predetermined test duration is completed, stop the oil mist generator and grating encoder, start the oil mist collector to collect oil mist, and turn off the power to the test system;

[0029] Step 3, the testing and evaluation phase, specifically includes:

[0030] Step 31: Analyze the data: Analyze the collected test data to evaluate the performance and reliability of the grating encoder in an oil mist environment;

[0031] Step 32: Determine the conclusion: Based on the data analysis results, identify the potential problems and failure modes of the grating encoder in an oil mist environment, and draw test conclusions;

[0032] Step 33: Report Preparation and Improvement Suggestions: Prepare a test report, including test results, data analysis, conclusions, and improvement suggestions based on the test results.

[0033] Furthermore, the specific process of step 23 is as follows:

[0034] An oil mist concentration sensor detects the current oil mist concentration in the environment; an analog-to-digital converter converts the analog signal from the oil mist concentration sensor into a digital signal for processing by an STM32 series microcontroller; the STM32 series microcontroller receives the processed signal and compares it with a preset target oil mist concentration; if the actual concentration does not match the target concentration, the STM32 series microcontroller sends an adjustment command to the actuator, specifically: if the oil mist concentration is lower than the target oil mist concentration, the actuator adjusts the oil mist generator according to the command to change the amount of oil mist generated; if the oil mist concentration is higher than the target oil mist concentration, the actuator adjusts the oil mist collector according to the command to process the excess oil mist concentration.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0036] 1. This invention can not only simulate the rotational speed and oil mist environment conditions in actual working conditions, but also supports multiple grating encoders to be tested at the same time, which greatly saves test costs and time.

[0037] 2. This invention adopts a closed-loop control strategy for the oil mist environment. Through the cooperation of an oil mist concentration sensor, an oil mist generator, an oil mist collector, and an oil mist system closed-loop control module, the oil mist concentration is controlled in a closed loop, which facilitates the quantitative evaluation of the reliability of the subsequent grating encoder.

[0038] 3. By setting temperature sensors, humidity sensors and acceleration sensors, this invention can monitor the temperature, humidity and vibration conditions of the grating encoder in real time, which facilitates the comprehensive evaluation of the reliability of the grating encoder under various stresses.

[0039] 4. This invention features strong replaceability and wide applicability. Only the size of the grating encoder clamping device needs to be changed to test grating encoders of different models and sizes, demonstrating the system's versatility and flexibility. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure in this invention.

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the oil mist test chamber in this invention.

[0042] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the grating encoder, clamp drive, and environmental monitoring unit in this invention.

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the closed-loop control principle of oil mist concentration in this invention.

[0044] Figure 5 This is an implementation architecture diagram of the detection and control system in this invention.

[0045] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the method in this invention.

[0046] In the diagram: 1-Oil mist test chamber; 2-Clamp drive and environmental monitoring unit; 3-Oil mist generator; 4-Oil mist collector; 5-Oil mist concentration sensor; 6-Raster encoder control module; 7-Data acquisition module; 8-Oil mist system closed-loop control module; 9-Power supply module; 10-Industrial computer; 11-Test table; 12-Acceleration sensor; 13-Oil receiving basin; 101-Oil mist inlet; 102-Oil mist outlet; 103-Oil outlet; 201-Raster encoder; 202-Locking nut; 203-Connecting bushing; 204-Servo motor; 205-Mounting plate; 206-Temperature sensor; 207-Humidity sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0048] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0049] like Figure 1-5 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a grating encoder oil mist environment reliability testing system, including a main body, an oil mist environment testing device, a detection and control system, and a test table 11; the oil mist environment testing device is used in conjunction with the main body to simulate the oil mist environment working conditions of the grating encoder 201 (test object).

[0050] like Figure 1-3 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the main body is placed on a horizontal vibration isolation plane, and the main body includes an oil mist test chamber 1, a clamping drive and environmental monitoring unit 2, and an acceleration sensor 12.

[0051] The oil mist test chamber 1 is used to install the clamp drive and environmental monitoring unit 2. The upper surface of the oil mist test chamber 1 is provided with an oil mist inlet 101 and an oil mist outlet 102. The lower surface of the oil mist test chamber 1 is provided with an oil outlet 103, which is used to discharge the oil formed after the oil mist cools down. When not in use, it is sealed with a rubber stopper.

[0052] The clamp drive and environmental monitoring unit 2 is bolted to the side of the oil mist test chamber 1 and fixed with soft washers. The clamp drive and environmental monitoring unit 2 is used to install and drive the grating encoder 201. The clamp drive and environmental monitoring unit 2 includes a locking nut 202, a connecting bushing 203, a servo motor 204, a mounting plate 205, a temperature sensor 206, and a humidity sensor 207. The grating encoder 201 is fixed to the mounting plate 205 by bolts. The locking nut 202 is used to lock and fix the grating encoder 201. The connecting bushing 203 is used to connect the grating encoder 201 and the servo motor 204. The temperature sensor 206 and the humidity sensor 207 are both installed on the outer surface of the grating encoder 201 to monitor the temperature and humidity of the grating encoder 201, which is convenient for subsequent quantitative reliability assessment.

[0053] The accelerometer 12 is attached to the surface of the oil mist test chamber 1 to monitor the vibration of the grating encoder 201.

[0054] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the oil mist environment test device includes an oil mist generator 3, an oil mist collector 4, an oil mist concentration sensor 5, an oil receiving basin 13, and an oil mist pipeline used in the device.

[0055] The oil mist generator 3 and the oil mist collector 4 are respectively connected to the oil mist inlet 101 and the oil mist outlet 102 on the upper surface of the oil mist test chamber 1 through oil mist pipes. The connection part is sealed with a rubber ring to prevent oil mist leakage.

[0056] The oil mist concentration sensor 5 is attached to the oil mist test chamber 1 and is used to detect the oil mist concentration in the current environment.

[0057] The oil receiving basin 13 is placed below the oil outlet 103 on the lower surface of the oil mist test chamber 1 to receive oil and can be continuously added to the oil mist generator 3 for recycling.

[0058] like Figure 1-5 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the detection and control system is placed on the test table 11. The detection and control system includes a grating encoder control module 6, a data acquisition module 7, an oil mist system closed-loop control module 8, a power supply module 9, an industrial computer 10, and an actuator. The grating encoder control module 6, the data acquisition module 7, the oil mist system closed-loop control module 8, and the power supply module 9 are integrated into a control box.

[0059] The grating encoder control module 6 is used to drive and control the servo motor 204, thereby realizing the driving and speed control of the grating encoder 201. The grating encoder control module 6 includes a servo driver and a PLC. The PLC is used to input control signals, and the servo driver is used to receive control signals and convert them into precise motion commands for the servo motor 204.

[0060] The data acquisition module 7 is used to acquire performance data of the grating encoder 201. The data acquisition module 7 includes a Crio9078 acquisition chassis, a vibration acquisition card, a temperature acquisition card, a humidity acquisition card, and an encoder signal acquisition card. Through the temperature acquisition card, humidity acquisition card, and vibration acquisition card that are respectively matched with the temperature sensor 206, humidity sensor 207, and acceleration sensor 12, the temperature, humidity, and vibration data during the testing process of the grating encoder 201 are acquired. The encoder signal acquisition card is matched with a serial port protocol converter to acquire the output signal information of the grating encoder 201 and store the data in the industrial control computer 10.

[0061] The closed-loop control module 8 of the oil mist system is used for closed-loop control of oil mist concentration. The closed-loop control module 8 of the oil mist system includes an analog-to-digital converter and an STM32 series microcontroller. The closed-loop control module 8 of the oil mist system receives data from the oil mist concentration sensor 5 through the analog-to-digital converter and the STM32 series microcontroller makes adjustment commands to act on the oil mist generator 3 and the oil mist collector 4.

[0062] The industrial control computer 10 includes a data logger and an alarm device for sending and receiving data and instructions. The user interface of the industrial control computer 10 allows the operator to monitor the system status and set the target oil mist concentration. The data logger is used to record the oil mist concentration data throughout the test process. The alarm device is responsible for issuing an alarm when the oil mist concentration exceeds the safe range to remind the operator to pay attention and take appropriate measures.

[0063] The actuator is used to control the oil mist generator 3 and the oil mist collector 4.

[0064] In this embodiment of the invention, the working principle of the closed-loop control of oil mist concentration is as follows: Oil mist generator 3 generates oil mist to simulate the actual working environment; oil mist concentration sensor 5 detects the current oil mist concentration in the environment; an analog-to-digital converter converts the analog signal from oil mist concentration sensor 5 into a digital signal for processing by an STM32 series microcontroller; the STM32 series microcontroller receives the processed signal and compares it with a preset target oil mist concentration; if the actual concentration does not match the target concentration, the STM32 series microcontroller sends an adjustment command to the actuator. If the oil mist concentration is lower than the target oil mist concentration, the actuator adjusts the oil mist generator 3 according to the command to change the amount of oil mist generated; if the oil mist concentration is higher than the target oil mist concentration, the actuator adjusts the oil mist collector 4 according to the command to handle the excess oil mist concentration. If the oil mist concentration exceeds the safe range, an alarm device will sound an alarm.

[0065] like Figure 6 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for testing the reliability of a grating encoder in an oil mist environment, comprising the following steps:

[0066] Step 1, Test Preparation Phase, specifically includes:

[0067] Step 11: Define the test objective: Clarify that the test aims to evaluate the performance, reliability, and potential problems of the grating encoder 201 in an oil mist environment.

[0068] Step 12: Prepare the test equipment: Select a suitable grating encoder 201 as the test object and install it correctly. Attach the temperature sensor 206 and humidity sensor 207 to its surface according to specifications. Complete the fixing of the accelerometer sensor 12 and the wiring for the drive control and data acquisition of the grating encoder 201.

[0069] Step 13: Set test parameters: Determine key parameters such as rotation speed, oil mist concentration, and test duration.

[0070] Step 14: Develop a test plan: Plan the test process in detail, including the equipment startup sequence, data acquisition, monitoring indicators, etc.

[0071] Step 2, the test execution phase, specifically includes:

[0072] Step 21: Start the servo drive: drive the grating encoder 201 by controlling the servo motor 204;

[0073] Step 22: Start the oil mist generator 3;

[0074] Step 23: Adjust the oil mist concentration: Control the oil mist concentration through the oil mist concentration sensor 5 and the oil mist system closed-loop control module 8;

[0075] Step 24, Test Start: After the oil mist environment reaches the preset conditions, the test will officially begin;

[0076] Step 25: Collect test data: Collect performance data of the grating encoder 201, including temperature, humidity, vibration, output signal, etc.

[0077] Step 26: Monitor the testing process: Monitor the oil mist concentration and the working status of the grating encoder 201 in real time;

[0078] Step 27: Record test data: Ensure that all key data is accurately recorded for subsequent analysis.

[0079] Step 28, Test End: After the predetermined test duration is completed, stop the oil mist generator 3 and the grating encoder 201, start the oil mist collector 4 to collect oil mist, and turn off the power to the test system.

[0080] Step 3, the testing and evaluation phase, specifically includes:

[0081] Step 31: Analyze the data: Analyze the collected test data to evaluate the performance and reliability of the grating encoder 201 in an oil mist environment;

[0082] Step 32: Determine the conclusion: Based on the data analysis results, identify the potential problems and failure modes of the grating encoder 201 in an oil mist environment, and draw the test conclusions;

[0083] Step 33: Report preparation and improvement suggestions: Prepare a test report, including test results, data analysis, conclusions, and improvement suggestions based on the test results (improvement measures for the grating encoder 201), and make necessary design modifications and optimizations to improve the reliability of the grating encoder 201 in actual oil mist environments.

[0084] like Figure 4 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific process of step 23 is as follows:

[0085] Oil mist concentration sensor 5 detects the oil mist concentration in the current environment; the analog-to-digital converter converts the analog signal from oil mist concentration sensor 5 into a digital signal for processing by the STM32 series microcontroller; the STM32 series microcontroller receives the processed signal and compares it with the preset target oil mist concentration; if the actual concentration does not match the target concentration, the STM32 series microcontroller sends an adjustment command to the actuator, specifically: if the oil mist concentration is lower than the target oil mist concentration, the actuator adjusts the oil mist generator 3 according to the command to change the amount of oil mist generated; if the oil mist concentration is higher than the target oil mist concentration, the actuator adjusts the oil mist collector 4 according to the command to process the excess oil mist concentration.

[0086] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent.

Claims

1. A reliability testing system for grating encoders in oil mist environment, comprising a test bench, characterized in that, It also includes the main body, oil mist environment testing equipment, and detection and control system; The main body is placed on a horizontal vibration isolation plane. The main body includes an oil mist test chamber, a clamping drive and environmental monitoring unit, and an acceleration sensor. The oil mist test chamber is used to install the clamping drive and environmental monitoring unit. The upper surface of the oil mist test chamber has an oil mist inlet and an oil mist outlet. The lower surface of the oil mist test chamber has an oil outlet to discharge the oil formed after the oil mist cools. The clamping drive and environmental monitoring unit is used to install and drive the grating encoder, and includes a locking nut, a connecting bushing, a servo motor, a mounting plate, a temperature sensor, and a humidity sensor. The grating encoder is fixed to the mounting plate by bolts. The locking nut is used to lock and fix the grating encoder. The connecting bushing is used to connect the grating encoder and the servo motor. The temperature sensor and humidity sensor are both installed on the outer surface of the grating encoder to monitor its temperature and humidity. The acceleration sensor is attached to the surface of the oil mist test chamber to monitor the vibration of the grating encoder. The oil mist environment testing device includes an oil mist generator, an oil mist collector, an oil mist concentration sensor, an oil receiving basin, and oil mist piping used in the device; the oil mist generator is connected to the oil mist inlet and the oil mist collector is connected to the oil mist outlet through oil mist piping; the oil mist concentration sensor is attached to the oil mist test chamber to detect the oil mist concentration in the current environment; the oil receiving basin is placed below the oil outlet to receive the oil. The detection and control system is placed on the test bench and includes a grating encoder control module, a data acquisition module, an oil mist system closed-loop control module, a power supply module, an industrial computer, and actuators. The grating encoder control module, data acquisition module, oil mist system closed-loop control module, and power supply module are integrated into a single control box. The grating encoder control module drives and controls the servo motor, including a servo driver and a PLC. The PLC is used to input control signals, and the servo driver is used to receive control signals and convert them into motion commands for the servo motor. The data acquisition module collects performance data from the grating encoder and stores the data in the industrial computer, including a Crio controller. The system comprises a 9078 data acquisition chassis, vibration acquisition card, temperature acquisition card, humidity acquisition card, and encoder signal acquisition card. The temperature, humidity, and vibration acquisition cards are paired with temperature, humidity, and accelerometer sensors respectively, for acquiring temperature, humidity, and vibration data during the grating encoder testing process. The encoder signal acquisition card acquires the output signal information of the grating encoder through a matching serial port protocol converter. The oil mist system closed-loop control module, including an analog-to-digital converter and an STM32 series microcontroller, is used for closed-loop control of oil mist concentration. This module receives data from the oil mist concentration sensor via the analog-to-digital converter and the STM32 series microcontroller issues adjustment commands to the oil mist generator and oil mist collector. The industrial control computer includes a data logger and an alarm device for data and command transmission and reception. The actuator controls the oil mist generator and oil mist collector. The specific process for adjusting the oil mist concentration is as follows: An oil mist concentration sensor detects the current oil mist concentration in the environment; an analog-to-digital converter converts the analog signal from the oil mist concentration sensor into a digital signal for processing by an STM32 series microcontroller; the STM32 series microcontroller receives the processed signal and compares it with a preset target oil mist concentration; if the actual concentration does not match the target concentration, the STM32 series microcontroller sends an adjustment command to the actuator, specifically: if the oil mist concentration is lower than the target oil mist concentration, the actuator adjusts the oil mist generator according to the command to change the amount of oil mist generated; if the oil mist concentration is higher than the target oil mist concentration, the actuator adjusts the oil mist collector according to the command to process the excess oil mist concentration.

2. The grating encoder oil mist environment reliability testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the oil mist inlet, oil mist outlet, and oil outlet are not in use, they are sealed with rubber plugs.

3. The grating encoder oil mist environment reliability testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamp drive and environmental monitoring unit is bolted together and fixedly installed on the side of the oil mist test chamber with soft washers.

4. The grating encoder oil mist environment reliability testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connection between the oil mist generator and the oil mist inlet, as well as the connection between the oil mist collector and the oil mist outlet, are all sealed with rubber rings.

5. A method for testing the reliability of a grating encoder in an oil mist environment, characterized in that, The method is implemented based on the grating encoder oil mist environment reliability testing system according to any one of claims 1-4, and the method includes the following steps: Step 1, Test Preparation Phase, specifically includes: Step 11: Define the test objective; Step 12: Prepare the test equipment: Select the grating encoder and install it correctly; attach the temperature sensor and humidity sensor to its surface; complete the fixing of the accelerometer sensor and the wiring for the grating encoder drive control and data acquisition. Step 13: Set test parameters: Determine the rotation speed, oil mist concentration, and test duration; Step 14: Develop a test plan; Step 2, the test execution phase, specifically includes: Step 21: Start the servo drive: Drive the grating encoder by controlling the servo motor; Step 22: Start the oil mist generator; Step 23: Adjust the oil mist concentration: Control the oil mist concentration through the oil mist concentration sensor and the closed-loop control module of the oil mist system; Step 24, Test Start: After the oil mist environment reaches the preset conditions, the test will officially begin; Step 25: Collect test data: Collect performance data of the grating encoder, including temperature, humidity, vibration, and output signal; Step 26: Monitor the testing process: Monitor the oil mist concentration and the working status of the grating encoder in real time; Step 27: Record the test data; Step 28, Test End: After the predetermined test duration is completed, stop the oil mist generator and grating encoder, start the oil mist collector to collect oil mist, and turn off the power to the test system; Step 3, the testing and evaluation phase, specifically includes: Step 31: Analyze the data: Analyze the collected test data to evaluate the performance and reliability of the grating encoder in an oil mist environment; Step 32: Determine the conclusion: Based on the data analysis results, identify the potential problems and failure modes of the grating encoder in an oil mist environment, and draw test conclusions; Step 33: Report Preparation and Improvement Suggestions: Prepare a test report, including test results, data analysis, conclusions, and improvement suggestions based on the test results; The specific process of step 23 is as follows: An oil mist concentration sensor detects the current oil mist concentration in the environment; an analog-to-digital converter converts the analog signal from the oil mist concentration sensor into a digital signal for processing by an STM32 series microcontroller; the STM32 series microcontroller receives the processed signal and compares it with a preset target oil mist concentration; if the actual concentration does not match the target concentration, the STM32 series microcontroller sends an adjustment command to the actuator, specifically: if the oil mist concentration is lower than the target oil mist concentration, the actuator adjusts the oil mist generator according to the command to change the amount of oil mist generated; if the oil mist concentration is higher than the target oil mist concentration, the actuator adjusts the oil mist collector according to the command to process the excess oil mist concentration.

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