Surface mine high and steep slope deformation monitoring method based on comprehensive gradient and slope direction factor

Abstract

The invention discloses a surface mine high and steep slope deformation monitoring method integrating gradient and slope direction factors, and relates to surface mine high and steep slope deformation monitoring. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining a one-dimensional deformation result of a radar sight line direction under lifting rail geometry; calculating the gradient and the slope direction value of the monitoring area; constructing a relation model of a radar sight line direction deformation result and a two-dimensional deformation result; and acquiring a deformation value of the monitoring area along the slope direction and a deformation value of the monitoring area vertical to the slope direction axis so as to monitor the deformation of the high and steep slope of the surface mine. According to the method, by calculating the deformation value of the monitored area in the slope direction and the deformation value of the monitored area perpendicular to the slope direction axis, more accurate real slope deformation can be obtained, the deformation conditions of the slope at different positions can be visually known, the slope degree of the slope can be quantified, and the slope direction can assist in judging the influence degree of natural conditions on the slope.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of deformation monitoring of high and steep slopes in open-pit mines, and in particular to a deformation monitoring method of high and steep slopes in open-pit mines based on comprehensive slope and aspect factors. Background Art

[0002] Open-pit mining is an important part of my country's mining industry. Compared with underground mining, it has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and short cycle. It is an important driving force for resource supply and economic benefit improvement. With the continuous mining of open-pit mines, the height and slope angle of the slope will gradually increase, forming high and steep slopes. High and steep slopes are easily affected by geological structure, rock and soil properties, rainfall, blasting vibration and other factors, resulting in deformation accumulation and structural damage, thereby affecting the stability of the slope. Once the high and steep slopes of open-pit mines become unstable, it will cause casualties, equipment damage, shutdown, property loss and other serious consequences, bringing huge economic losses to the mines. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the deformation monitoring technology of high and steep slopes in open-pit mines, timely discover abnormal slope conditions, take scientific prevention and control measures, and ensure the safe production of mines.

[0003] Remote sensing monitoring is a new technical method for monitoring the deformation of high and steep slopes in open-pit mines. It mainly uses various satellite images to obtain a large range of image data or three-dimensional model data of high and steep slopes in mines, and calculates their deformation through comparative analysis. Among them, synthetic aperture radar remote sensing images are gradually widely used in the deformation monitoring of high and steep slopes in mines due to their advantages of not being restricted by time, light and meteorological conditions, and the band has unique surface penetration ability. At present, the deformation monitoring of high and steep slopes in mines is mainly based on the geometric mode of radar satellite imaging, using a single orbit image to obtain the one-dimensional deformation result of the slope along the radar line of sight (LOS) direction, or obtain the LOS deformation results of the ascending and descending orbits respectively, and correlate the LOS deformation with the north-south, east-west and vertical deformations. After ignoring the north-south deformation (because the SAR satellite flies at a very low altitude, it is insensitive to the north-south deformation), the two-dimensional deformation result of the slope is obtained, or based on multi-orbit SAR images, combined with pixel offset tracking. The three-dimensional deformation results of the slope are obtained by using technologies such as 3D spacecraft and prior models. However, the deformation of the high and steep slopes in open-pit mines is closely related to the slope gradient and slope direction. The slope gradient and slope direction at different spatial positions on the slope vary greatly. The existing deformation monitoring methods are mainly based on the deformation results in the los direction or on the basis of the deformation results in the los direction. The deformation results in other directions are calculated in association, without considering the actual spatial geometric state of the slope. These methods are difficult to fully reflect the real deformation of the slope, which can easily cause misjudgment and missed judgment of deformation, which has a great impact on the monitoring, early warning and safe production of high and steep slopes in open-pit mines. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for monitoring deformation of high and steep slopes in open-pit mines by integrating slope and aspect factors.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: The method for monitoring the deformation of high and steep slopes in open-pit mines based on comprehensive slope and aspect factors includes the following steps: S1. Obtain ascending and descending synthetic aperture radar satellite image data and digital elevation model data of the monitoring area, and perform differential interferometry short baseline set time series analysis and processing on the ascending and descending synthetic aperture radar satellite image data of the monitoring area to obtain the one-dimensional deformation result of the radar line of sight direction under the ascending and descending orbit geometry; S2, calculating the slope and aspect values ​​of the monitoring area according to the digital elevation model data of the monitoring area in step S1; S3, constructing a relationship model between radar sight line direction deformation results and two-dimensional deformation results; S4. Based on the relationship model between the deformation result of the radar line of sight direction and the two-dimensional deformation result in step S3, according to the one-dimensional deformation result of the radar line of sight direction under the lifting rail geometry in step S1 and the slope and aspect values ​​of the monitoring area in step S2, the deformation value of the monitoring area along the slope direction and the deformation value vertical to the slope aspect axis are obtained to monitor the deformation of high and steep slopes in open-pit mines.

[0006] Furthermore, in step S1, the acquired ascending and descending orbit synthetic aperture radar satellite image data of the monitoring area are no less than 20 scenes; and the acquired digital elevation model data of the monitoring area are no less than 30 meters.

[0007] Further, in step S1, differential interferometry short baseline set time series analysis processing is performed on the ascending and descending orbit synthetic aperture radar satellite image data of the monitoring area to obtain a one-dimensional deformation result of the radar line of sight direction under the ascending and descending orbit geometry, including the following steps: A1. Determine a main image from the ascending synthetic aperture radar satellite image data of the monitoring area, register the remaining images, and obtain the registered ascending synthetic aperture radar satellite image data; A2. According to the set time and space baseline thresholds, the ascending synthetic aperture radar satellite image data registered in step A1 are combined to generate differential interferometry pairs, the least square method is used to obtain the deformation in the short baseline set for the differential interferometry pairs, and the singular value decomposition method is used to obtain the deformation information of the entire baseline set for the deformation in the short baseline set; A3, removing the flat ground phase and the terrain phase from the deformation information of the entire baseline set in step A2, performing phase unwrapping on the interference pattern from which the flat ground phase and the terrain phase are removed according to the coherence coefficient diagram to obtain an unwrapped differential interferometry phase, and performing two model inversions and geocoding of differential interferometry short baseline set timing analysis processing on the unwrapped differential phase interferometry to obtain a one-dimensional deformation result in the radar line of sight direction under the orbit raising geometry; A4. Repeat steps A1-A3 for the descending synthetic aperture radar satellite image data of the monitoring area to obtain a one-dimensional deformation result of the radar line of sight under descending orbit geometry.

[0008] Further, in step A2, the deformation phase of the differential interference pair is expressed as:

[0009] in: For the The phase of the interference pattern, is the amplitude number of the interference pattern, For the The time period corresponding to the acquisition of the main image of the interference pattern, For the The corresponding time period is obtained by obtaining the auxiliary image of the interference pattern. is the time sequence number divided into the time period, for Time period The moment corresponding to the interference pattern image is for Time period The moment corresponding to the interference pattern image is For the a moment, For the a moment, The first The average deformation rate at a given moment.

[0010] Furthermore, in step S2, the slope and aspect values ​​of the monitoring area are calculated according to the digital elevation model data of the monitoring area in step S1, specifically: according to the digital elevation model data of the monitoring area in step S1, the slope and aspect values ​​of the monitoring area are calculated based on Spatial Analyst Tools or 3D Analyst Tools in ARCGIS.

[0011] Further, step S3 includes the following steps: S31. Construct a relationship model between radar sight line direction deformation and ground surface three-dimensional deformation; S32, based on the relationship model between the radar sight line direction deformation and the three-dimensional surface deformation in step S31, construct a relationship model between the radar sight line direction deformation and the three-dimensional surface deformation after integrating the slope and aspect factors; S33. According to the near-extremely low flight characteristics of the synthetic aperture radar satellite, the relationship model between the radar line of sight direction deformation and the three-dimensional surface deformation after integrating the slope and aspect factors in step S32 is optimized to construct a relationship model between the radar line of sight direction deformation result and the two-dimensional deformation result.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S32, a relationship model between the radar line of sight direction deformation and the three-dimensional surface deformation after integrating the slope and aspect factors is constructed, which is expressed as:

[0013] in: is the deformation value of the radar line of sight direction, is the incident angle of the radar satellite, is the heading angle of the radar satellite, is the slope, is the slope direction, is the deformation value along the slope of the monitoring area, is the deformation value of the monitoring area along the vertical slope direction, is the deformation value of the monitoring area along the normal direction, is the slope axis coefficient of the radar satellite in the monitoring area, is the vertical slope axis coefficient of the radar satellite in the monitoring area, is the normal axis coefficient of the radar satellite in the monitoring area.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S3, the relationship model between the radar sight line direction deformation result and the two-dimensional deformation result is expressed as:

[0015] in: The first radar satellite acquired the monitoring area Line The radar sight line direction deformation value of the column, The first radar satellite in the monitoring area Line The aspect axis coefficient of the column, For monitoring area Line Column deformation values ​​along the slope, The first radar satellite in the monitoring area Line The vertical aspect axis factor of the column, For monitoring area Line The deformation values ​​along the vertical slope direction are The monitoring area obtained by the second radar satellite Line The radar sight line direction deformation value of the column, The second radar satellite is in the monitoring area Line The aspect axis coefficient of the column, The second radar satellite is in the monitoring area Line The aspect axis coefficient of the column, For the The monitoring area obtained by the radar satellite Line The radar sight line direction deformation value of the column, is the total number of radar satellites, For the A radar satellite is monitoring the area Line The aspect axis coefficient of the column, For the A radar satellite is monitoring the area Line The vertical aspect axis factor for the column.

[0016] Further, in step S4, based on the relationship model between the deformation result of the radar line of sight direction and the two-dimensional deformation result in step S3, according to the one-dimensional deformation result of the radar line of sight direction under the ascending and descending rail geometry in step S1 and the slope and aspect values ​​of the monitoring area in step S2, the deformation value of the monitoring area along the slope direction and the deformation value of the vertical aspect axis are obtained. The specific process is: based on the one-dimensional deformation result of the radar line of sight direction under the ascending and descending rail geometry and the slope and aspect values ​​of the monitoring area, the aspect axis coefficient and the vertical aspect axis coefficient in the relationship model between the deformation result of the radar line of sight direction and the two-dimensional deformation result are determined, and then the one-dimensional deformation result of the radar line of sight direction under the ascending and descending rail geometry is substituted into the relationship model between the deformation result of the radar line of sight direction and the two-dimensional deformation result after determining the aspect axis coefficient and the vertical aspect axis coefficient, so as to obtain the deformation value of the monitoring area along the slope direction and the deformation value of the vertical aspect axis.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention can obtain more accurate real deformation of the slope by calculating the deformation value along the slope direction and the deformation value perpendicular to the slope direction axis in the monitoring area, which helps to intuitively understand the deformation of the slope at different positions. The slope can quantify the degree of inclination of the slope, and the slope direction can assist in determining the degree to which the slope is affected by natural conditions. Therefore, the method provided by the present invention can quickly identify the potential unstable area of ​​the slope, which is of great significance for evaluating the stability of the slope and predicting potential geological disasters such as landslides. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 The figure is a flow chart of the deformation monitoring method for high and steep slopes in open-pit mines with comprehensive slope and aspect factors. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for monitoring the deformation of high and steep slopes in open-pit mines based on the comprehensive slope and aspect factors includes steps S1-S4, which are specifically as follows: S1. Obtain the ascending and descending synthetic aperture radar satellite image data and digital elevation model data of the monitoring area, and perform differential interferometry short baseline set time series analysis on the ascending and descending synthetic aperture radar satellite image data of the monitoring area to obtain the one-dimensional deformation result of the radar line of sight under the ascending and descending orbit geometry. In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the present invention acquires no less than 20 scenes of ascending and descending orbit synthetic aperture radar satellite image data of the monitoring area; and acquires no less than 30 meters of digital elevation model data of the monitoring area.

[0021] The present invention performs differential interferometry short baseline set time series analysis processing on ascending and descending orbit synthetic aperture radar satellite image data of the monitoring area to obtain a one-dimensional deformation result of the radar line of sight direction under the ascending and descending orbit geometry, including the following steps: A1. Determine a main image from the ascending synthetic aperture radar satellite image data of the monitoring area, align the remaining images, and obtain the aligned ascending synthetic aperture radar satellite image data.

[0022] A2. According to the set time and space baseline thresholds, the ascending synthetic aperture radar satellite image data registered in step A1 are combined to generate differential interferometry pairs, and the least squares method is used to obtain the deformation within the short baseline set for the differential interferometry pairs, and the singular value decomposition method is used for the deformation within the short baseline set to obtain the deformation information of the entire baseline set.

[0023] The deformation phase of the differential interference pair is expressed as:

[0024] in: For the The phase of the interference pattern, is the amplitude number of the interference pattern, For the The time period corresponding to the acquisition of the main image of the interference pattern, For the The corresponding time period is obtained by obtaining the auxiliary image of the interference pattern. is the time sequence number divided into the time period, for Time period The moment corresponding to the interference pattern image is for Time period The moment corresponding to the interference pattern image is For the a moment, For the a moment, The first The average deformation rate at a given moment.

[0025] A3. Remove the flat ground phase and terrain phase from the deformation information of the entire baseline set in step A2, perform phase unwrapping on the interference pattern from which the flat ground phase and terrain phase are removed according to the coherence coefficient diagram to obtain the unwrapped differential interference phase, and perform two model inversions and geocoding on the unwrapped differential phase interference for differential interference measurement of the short baseline set timing analysis processing to obtain the one-dimensional deformation result of the radar line of sight direction under the orbit raising geometry.

[0026] Specifically, the present invention combines satellite orbit data, imaging geometry model and external digital elevation model data to remove the flat ground phase and terrain phase from the deformation information of the entire baseline set. The present invention performs phase unwrapping on the interference graph from which the flat ground phase and terrain phase are removed according to the coherence coefficient graph, and can obtain the unwrapped differential interference phase without digital elevation model error.

[0027] A4. Repeat steps A1-A3 for the descending synthetic aperture radar satellite image data of the monitoring area to obtain a one-dimensional deformation result of the radar line of sight under descending orbit geometry.

[0028] S2. Calculate the slope and aspect values ​​of the monitoring area according to the digital elevation model data of the monitoring area in step S1.

[0029] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the present invention calculates the slope and aspect values ​​of the monitoring area according to the digital elevation model data of the monitoring area in step S1, specifically: according to the digital elevation model data of the monitoring area in step S1, the slope and aspect values ​​of the monitoring area are calculated based on Spatial Analyst Tools or 3D Analyst Tools in ARCGIS.

[0030] S3. Construct a relationship model between radar line of sight direction deformation results and two-dimensional deformation results.

[0031] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the present invention first constructs a relationship model between radar line of sight direction deformation and three-dimensional surface deformation, and then, based on the relationship model between radar line of sight direction deformation and three-dimensional surface deformation, constructs a relationship model between radar line of sight direction deformation and three-dimensional surface deformation after integrating slope and aspect factors. Finally, according to the near-extremely low flight characteristics of synthetic aperture radar satellites, the relationship model between radar line of sight direction deformation and three-dimensional surface deformation after integrating slope and aspect factors is optimized to construct a relationship model between radar line of sight direction deformation results and two-dimensional deformation results.

[0032] Step S3 includes the following steps: S31. Construct a relationship model between radar line of sight direction deformation and three-dimensional surface deformation.

[0033] According to the geometric relationship between the satellite sensor and the ground during imaging, the present invention establishes a spatial three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system based on the east-west direction, the north-south direction and the direction perpendicular to the geoid. According to the radar satellite imaging geometry, it can be known that the deformation of the surface along the radar line of sight is actually the sum of the projection of the deformation of the surface along the east-west direction, the deformation of the north-south direction and the deformation in the vertical direction on the radar line of sight. The present invention constructs a relationship model between the deformation in the radar line of sight direction and the three-dimensional deformation of the surface through three-dimensional deformation decomposition, which is expressed as:

[0034] in: is the deformation value of the radar line of sight direction, is the incident angle of the radar satellite, is the heading angle of the radar satellite, is the deformation value in the east-west direction, is the deformation value in the north-south direction, is the deformation value in the vertical direction.

[0035] S32, based on the relationship model between the radar sight line direction deformation and the three-dimensional surface deformation in step S31, a relationship model between the radar sight line direction deformation and the three-dimensional surface deformation after integrating the slope and aspect factors is constructed, which is expressed as:

[0036] in: is the deformation value of the radar line of sight direction, is the incident angle of the radar satellite, is the heading angle of the radar satellite, is the slope, is the slope direction, is the deformation value along the slope of the monitoring area, is the deformation value of the monitoring area along the vertical slope direction, is the deformation value of the monitoring area along the normal direction, is the slope axis coefficient of the radar satellite in the monitoring area, is the vertical slope axis coefficient of the radar satellite in the monitoring area, is the normal axis coefficient of the radar satellite in the monitoring area.

[0037] S33, according to the near-extremely low flight characteristics of the synthetic aperture radar satellite, the relationship model between the radar sight line direction deformation and the three-dimensional surface deformation after the fusion of the slope and aspect factors in step S32 is optimized to construct a relationship model between the radar sight line direction deformation result and the two-dimensional deformation result, which is expressed as:

[0038] in: The first radar satellite acquired the monitoring area Line The radar sight line direction deformation value of the column, The first radar satellite in the monitoring area Line The aspect axis coefficient of the column, For monitoring area Line Column deformation values ​​along the slope, The first radar satellite in the monitoring area Line The vertical aspect axis factor of the column, For monitoring area Line The deformation values ​​along the vertical slope direction are The monitoring area obtained by the second radar satellite Line The radar sight line direction deformation value of the column, The second radar satellite is in the monitoring area Line The aspect axis coefficient of the column, The second radar satellite is in the monitoring area Line The aspect axis coefficient of the column, For the The monitoring area obtained by the radar satellite Line The radar sight line direction deformation value of the column, is the total number of radar satellites, For the A radar satellite is monitoring the area Line The aspect axis coefficient of the column, For the A radar satellite is monitoring the area Line The vertical aspect axis factor for the column.

[0039] The present invention is based on the near-polar low-flying property of synthetic aperture radar satellites, that is, synthetic aperture radar satellites fly near the poles and are insensitive to deformation in the north-south direction. In addition, in the absence of strong external forces, the deformation of high and steep slopes along the normal axis direction is much smaller than the deformations in the other two directions. Therefore, the present invention omits the deformation value along the normal axis direction to optimize the relationship model between the deformation in the radar line of sight direction and the three-dimensional deformation of the surface after integrating the slope and aspect factors.

[0040] S4. Based on the relationship model between the deformation result of the radar line of sight direction and the two-dimensional deformation result in step S3, according to the one-dimensional deformation result of the radar line of sight direction under the lifting rail geometry in step S1 and the slope and aspect values ​​of the monitoring area in step S2, the deformation value of the monitoring area along the slope direction and the deformation value vertical to the slope aspect axis are obtained to monitor the deformation of high and steep slopes in open-pit mines.

[0041] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the present invention is based on the relationship model between the deformation result of the radar line of sight direction and the two-dimensional deformation result in step S3, according to the one-dimensional deformation result of the radar line of sight direction under the ascending and descending rail geometry in step S1 and the slope and aspect values ​​of the monitoring area in step S2, to obtain the deformation value of the monitoring area along the slope direction and the deformation value of the vertical aspect axis. The specific process is: based on the one-dimensional deformation result of the radar line of sight direction under the ascending and descending rail geometry and the slope and aspect values ​​of the monitoring area, determine the aspect axis coefficient and the vertical aspect axis coefficient in the relationship model between the deformation result of the radar line of sight direction and the two-dimensional deformation result, and then substitute the one-dimensional deformation result of the radar line of sight direction under the ascending and descending rail geometry into the relationship model between the deformation result of the radar line of sight direction and the two-dimensional deformation result after determining the aspect axis coefficient and the vertical aspect axis coefficient, so as to obtain the deformation value of the monitoring area along the slope direction and the deformation value of the vertical aspect axis.

[0042] Specifically, the present invention calculates the deformation value along the slope direction and the deformation value perpendicular to the slope direction axis of the monitoring area, which can obtain more accurate real deformation of the slope, and help to intuitively understand the deformation of the slope at different positions, where the slope can quantify the degree of inclination of the slope, and the slope direction can assist in determining the degree to which the slope is affected by natural conditions. Therefore, the method provided by the present invention can quickly identify the potential unstable area of ​​the slope, which is of great significance for evaluating the stability of the slope and predicting potential geological disasters such as landslides. The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0043] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0044] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0045] The present invention uses specific embodiments to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0046] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments described herein are intended to help readers understand the principles of the present invention, and should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific variations and combinations that do not deviate from the essence of the present invention based on the technical revelations disclosed by the present invention, and these variations and combinations are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the deformation of high and steep slopes in open-pit mines based on comprehensive slope and aspect factors, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Obtain ascending and descending synthetic aperture radar satellite image data and digital elevation model data of the monitoring area, and perform differential interferometry short baseline set time series analysis and processing on the ascending and descending synthetic aperture radar satellite image data of the monitoring area to obtain the one-dimensional deformation result of the radar line of sight direction under the ascending and descending orbit geometry; S2, calculating the slope and aspect values ​​of the monitoring area according to the digital elevation model data of the monitoring area in step S1; S3, constructing a relationship model between radar sight line direction deformation results and two-dimensional deformation results; S4. Based on the relationship model between the deformation result of the radar line of sight direction and the two-dimensional deformation result in step S3, according to the one-dimensional deformation result of the radar line of sight direction under the lifting rail geometry in step S1 and the slope and aspect values ​​of the monitoring area in step S2, the deformation value of the monitoring area along the slope direction and the deformation value vertical to the slope aspect axis are obtained to monitor the deformation of high and steep slopes in open-pit mines.

2. The method for monitoring deformation of high and steep slopes in open-pit mines based on comprehensive slope and aspect factors according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S1, the acquired ascending and descending orbit synthetic aperture radar satellite image data of the monitoring area are no less than 20 scenes; and the acquired digital elevation model data of the monitoring area are no less than 30 meters.

3. The method for monitoring deformation of high and steep slopes in open-pit mines based on comprehensive slope and aspect factors according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S1, differential interferometry short baseline set time series analysis processing is performed on the ascending and descending orbit synthetic aperture radar satellite image data of the monitoring area to obtain a one-dimensional deformation result of the radar line of sight direction under the ascending and descending orbit geometry, including the following steps: A1. Determine a main image from the ascending synthetic aperture radar satellite image data of the monitoring area, register the remaining images, and obtain the registered ascending synthetic aperture radar satellite image data; A2. According to the set time and space baseline thresholds, the ascending synthetic aperture radar satellite image data registered in step A1 are combined to generate differential interferometry pairs, the least square method is used to obtain the deformation in the short baseline set for the differential interferometry pairs, and the singular value decomposition method is used to obtain the deformation information of the entire baseline set for the deformation in the short baseline set; A3, removing the flat ground phase and the terrain phase from the deformation information of the entire baseline set in step A2, performing phase unwrapping on the interference pattern from which the flat ground phase and the terrain phase are removed according to the coherence coefficient diagram to obtain an unwrapped differential interferometry phase, and performing two model inversions and geocoding of differential interferometry short baseline set timing analysis processing on the unwrapped differential phase interferometry to obtain a one-dimensional deformation result in the radar line of sight direction under the orbit raising geometry; A4. Repeat steps A1-A3 for the descending synthetic aperture radar satellite image data of the monitoring area to obtain a one-dimensional deformation result of the radar line of sight under descending orbit geometry.

4. The method for monitoring deformation of high and steep slopes in open-pit mines based on comprehensive slope and aspect factors according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In step A2, the deformation phase of the differential interference pair is expressed as: in: For the The phase of the interference pattern, is the amplitude number of the interference pattern, For the The time period corresponding to the acquisition of the main image of the interference pattern, For the The corresponding time period is obtained by obtaining the auxiliary image of the interference pattern. is the time sequence number divided into the time period, for Time period The moment corresponding to the interference pattern image is for Time period The moment corresponding to the interference pattern image is For the a moment, For the a moment, The first The average deformation rate at a given moment.

5. The method for monitoring deformation of high and steep slopes in open-pit mines based on comprehensive slope and aspect factors according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S2, the slope and aspect values ​​of the monitoring area are calculated according to the digital elevation model data of the monitoring area in step S1, specifically: according to the digital elevation model data of the monitoring area in step S1, the slope and aspect values ​​of the monitoring area are calculated based on Spatial Analyst Tools or 3D Analyst Tools in ARCGIS.

6. The method for monitoring deformation of high and steep slopes in open-pit mines based on comprehensive slope and aspect factors according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step S3 includes the following steps: S31. Construct a relationship model between radar sight line direction deformation and ground surface three-dimensional deformation; S32, based on the relationship model between the radar sight line direction deformation and the three-dimensional surface deformation in step S31, construct a relationship model between the radar sight line direction deformation and the three-dimensional surface deformation after integrating the slope and aspect factors; S33. According to the near-extremely low flight characteristics of the synthetic aperture radar satellite, the relationship model between the radar line of sight direction deformation and the three-dimensional surface deformation after integrating the slope and aspect factors in step S32 is optimized to construct a relationship model between the radar line of sight direction deformation result and the two-dimensional deformation result.

7. The method for monitoring deformation of high and steep slopes in open-pit mines based on comprehensive slope and aspect factors according to claim 6 is characterized in that: In step S32, a relationship model between the radar line of sight direction deformation and the three-dimensional surface deformation after integrating the slope and aspect factors is constructed, which is expressed as: in: is the deformation value of the radar line of sight direction, is the incident angle of the radar satellite, is the heading angle of the radar satellite, is the slope, is the slope direction, is the deformation value along the slope of the monitoring area, is the deformation value of the monitoring area along the vertical slope direction, is the deformation value of the monitoring area along the normal direction, is the slope axis coefficient of the radar satellite in the monitoring area, is the vertical slope axis coefficient of the radar satellite in the monitoring area, is the normal axis coefficient of the radar satellite in the monitoring area.

8. The method for monitoring deformation of high and steep slopes in open-pit mines based on comprehensive slope and aspect factors according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the relationship model between the radar sight line direction deformation result and the two-dimensional deformation result is expressed as: in: The first radar satellite acquired the monitoring area Line The radar sight line direction deformation value of the column, The first radar satellite in the monitoring area Line The aspect axis coefficient of the column, For monitoring area Line Column deformation values ​​along the slope, The first radar satellite in the monitoring area Line The vertical aspect axis factor of the column, For monitoring area Line The deformation values ​​along the vertical slope direction are The monitoring area obtained by the second radar satellite Line The radar sight line direction deformation value of the column, The second radar satellite is in the monitoring area Line The aspect axis coefficient of the column, The second radar satellite is in the monitoring area Line The aspect axis coefficient of the column, For the The monitoring area obtained by the radar satellite Line The radar sight line direction deformation value of the column, is the total number of radar satellites, For the A radar satellite is monitoring the area Line The aspect axis coefficient of the column, For the A radar satellite is monitoring the area Line The vertical aspect axis factor for the column.

9. The method for monitoring deformation of high and steep slopes in open-pit mines based on comprehensive slope and aspect factors according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, based on the relationship model between the deformation result of the radar line of sight direction and the two-dimensional deformation result in step S3, according to the one-dimensional deformation result of the radar line of sight direction under the ascending and descending rail geometry in step S1 and the slope and aspect values ​​of the monitoring area in step S2, the deformation value along the slope direction and the deformation value vertical to the aspect axis of the monitoring area are obtained. The specific process is: based on the one-dimensional deformation result of the radar line of sight direction under the ascending and descending rail geometry and the slope and aspect values ​​of the monitoring area, the aspect axis coefficient and the vertical aspect axis coefficient in the relationship model between the deformation result of the radar line of sight direction and the two-dimensional deformation result are determined, and then the one-dimensional deformation result of the radar line of sight direction under the ascending and descending rail geometry is substituted into the relationship model between the deformation result of the radar line of sight direction and the two-dimensional deformation result after determining the aspect axis coefficient and the vertical aspect axis coefficient, so as to obtain the deformation value along the slope direction and the deformation value vertical to the aspect axis of the monitoring area.

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