A method for cultivating Coptis chinensis roots and controlling Coptis chinensis root rot.

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for planting Coptis chinensis roots and controlling root rot in Coptis chinensis. This invention relates to the field of Coptis chinensis root rot control technology, including site selection and land preparation, seed propagation, and field management. After seed propagation, the seeds are stratified in sand. The advantages of this invention are: by using a specific electric field to treat the growth environment of Coptis chinensis, the permeability of the pathogen cell membrane can be altered, affecting its physiological metabolism and inhibiting the growth and reproduction of various pathogens. This overcomes the problem of numerous pathogens with different biological characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms. Simultaneously, combined with ultraviolet irradiation, the nucleic acid structure of pathogens can be further destroyed, enhancing the bactericidal effect. This addresses the complex pathogen problem from multiple angles. By regularly collecting soil and Coptis chinensis plant samples to monitor the number of pathogens, beneficial microorganisms, and the health status of the Coptis chinensis plants, early signs of root rot can be detected in a timely manner.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of root rot prevention and control technology for Coptis chinensis, specifically to a method for planting Coptis chinensis roots and preventing and controlling root rot in Coptis chinensis. Background Technology

[0002] Coptis chinensis is an important traditional Chinese medicine with the effects of clearing heat and drying dampness, purging fire and detoxifying. It has a wide range of applications in the medical field. The medicinal part of Coptis chinensis is mainly its root. Therefore, the planting quality and yield of Coptis chinensis root are of vital importance to the medicinal value and market supply of Coptis chinensis.

[0003] With the continuous development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry, the demand for Coptis chinensis (Huanglian) has been increasing year by year, which has led to the expansion of its planting area. However, the cultivation of Coptis chinensis root faces many challenges and problems. Coptis chinensis has strict requirements for environmental conditions; it prefers cool, humid conditions and dislikes high temperatures and drought. It is best suited for growing in mountainous areas with high altitudes, cool climates, frequent fog, and high humidity. This specific growing environment limits the planting area of ​​Coptis chinensis, making the available planting sites relatively limited and increasing planting costs and management difficulties. For example, finding suitable planting sites... When selecting a site, a significant amount of time and effort is required to investigate factors such as terrain and climate. Moreover, suitable mountainous areas often have inconvenient transportation, which brings many inconveniences to the transportation of materials and daily management. Coptis root rot is mainly caused by a variety of pathogens, such as Fusarium and Phytophthora. After the pathogens infect the roots of Coptis, they will cause the roots to rot, affecting the absorption and transport of water and nutrients, weakening the plant's growth, causing the leaves to turn yellow and wither, and eventually leading to the death of the entire plant. The disease has a high incidence rate and can lead to the death of a large area of ​​Coptis plants in severe cases, greatly reducing the yield and quality of Coptis.

[0004] The pathogens are complex: there are many types of pathogens causing root rot, and the biological characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms of different pathogens are different, which brings great difficulty to the prevention and control work. Single control measures are often not effective against all pathogens, and multiple control methods are needed.

[0005] Early diagnosis is difficult: Root rot does not show obvious symptoms in the early stages of the disease and is difficult to detect in time. By the time obvious symptoms appear on the plant, the disease is often already quite serious, and control measures are not very effective at this time.

[0006] Disadvantages of chemical control: Currently, chemical control is one of the common methods for controlling root rot in Coptis chinensis. However, long-term use of chemical pesticides can lead to the development of drug resistance in pathogens. At the same time, pesticide residues can also have adverse effects on the environment and the quality of Coptis chinensis. In addition, the use of chemical pesticides may also damage the soil microbial community and affect the soil ecological balance.

[0007] Limitations of biological control: Biological control, as a green and environmentally friendly method of prevention and control, has certain application prospects. However, the control effect of biological control agents is greatly affected by environmental factors, has poor stability, and its mechanism of action is relatively complex. The research and development and application costs are high, which limits its large-scale promotion and application in actual production. The cultivation of Coptis chinensis root faces serious problems such as growth environment limitations, cultivation technology difficulties, and root rot disease. Therefore, we propose a method for the cultivation of Coptis chinensis root and the prevention and control of root rot disease. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for planting Coptis chinensis roots and for preventing and controlling Coptis chinensis root rot.

[0009] To address the problems mentioned in the background art, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for planting Coptis chinensis root, including site selection and land preparation, seed propagation, and field management, wherein the seeds are stratified in sand after propagation. The specific operation steps of the Coptis chinensis root planting method are as follows:

[0010] Step 1: Select sandy soil that is rich in organic matter and has good drainage, control the pH value between 5.5 and 6.5, deeply plow the land before planting, and apply fertilizer and superphosphate.

[0011] Step 2: Select mature, plump, and cracked Coptis chinensis seeds, soak them in clean water and drain them. Mix them with wet sand according to the specified ratio and perform ultrasonic treatment. After completion, perform sand storage treatment and turn them over regularly.

[0012] Step 3: Make beds in the soil, leave drainage ditches between the beds, lay gravel in the drainage ditches, sow the sand-stored Coptis chinensis seeds in the sandy soil, and cover with fine soil and straw.

[0013] Step 4: After the seeds are planted, build a shade structure on the seedbed to control the shading rate, water regularly and adjust the watering frequency and time according to the season.

[0014] Step 5: Apply urea once after the seedlings emerge, and apply potassium sulfate compound fertilizer once later, followed by superphosphate and potassium sulfate once. During the seedling stage, perform manual and chemical weeding regularly.

[0015] As a further aspect of the present invention: In step one, a mountainous area with an altitude of 1200m-1800m and a slope of 15°-30° is selected. In the autumn of the year before planting, the land is deeply plowed to a depth of 30cm-40cm. 3000kg-400kg of well-rotted farmyard manure, 80kg-100kg of superphosphate, and 200kg-300kg of biochar are applied per acre. After application, the land is leveled using a fine rake.

[0016] As a further aspect of the present invention: In step two, from mid-October to early November, select mature, plump, and cracked Coptis chinensis seeds, soak them in clean water for 24 hours, drain them after soaking, mix them with wet sand in a 1:3 ratio, and treat them with an ultrasonic generator, setting the frequency to 30kHz-40kHz and the treatment time to 10min-15min. After treatment, put the mixed seeds and sand into a prepared storage container, and then place the container in an environment with a temperature of 5℃-10℃, good ventilation, and humidity of 50%-60%. Turn the sand-stored seed and sand mixture over every 6-8 days, and the turning should be done gently to avoid damaging the seeds. At the same time, check the seeds for mold or rot. If any problematic seeds are found, they should be removed in time. The turning operation continues until the Coptis chinensis seeds germinate in March of the following year.

[0017] As a further aspect of the present invention: In step three, ridges 1.3m-1.6m wide are made in the selected land area, with drainage ditches 35cm-45cm wide reserved between the ridges. A layer of gravel is laid in the drainage ditches. A combination of row sowing and hole sowing is used. On the leveled ridge surface, shallow furrows are opened with a row spacing of 10cm-12cm for row sowing. A hole is set every 20cm-30cm in the row sowing furrow, and 3-5 seeds are sown in each hole. After sowing, a layer of fine soil 1cm-1.5cm thick is covered, and then covered with sterilized straw and pine needles to keep the soil moist.

[0018] As a further aspect of the present invention: In step four, after planting Coptis chinensis, a simple shade shed with a height of 1.6m is built on the raised bed, and the shade material is shade netting, controlling the shading rate to 70%-85%. Starting from the second year, corn is planted on the edge of the raised bed as a shade plant, with a shading ratio of 55%. Except during the growing season, watering is carried out every 3-4 days in spring, autumn and winter. In the high temperature of summer, watering is carried out twice a day, at 7 am and 6 pm. During the rainy season, drainage ditches are cleaned in a timely manner.

[0019] As a further aspect of the present invention: In step five, after the seedlings of Coptis chinensis emerge, apply 6 kg of urea per mu. From late June to early July, apply 12 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu. From late September to early October, apply 25 kg of superphosphate and 6 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. During the seedling stage, cultivate and weed three times. Weeding is carried out by combining manual weeding and chemical weeding. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt with an effective ingredient content of 41% is used as the chemical agent. Add 5 mL to 6.7 mL of glyphosate isopropylamine salt preparation per liter of water. Use a clean bucket, add a small amount of water first, then slowly pour in the calculated glyphosate agent, stir evenly, add the required amount of water, stir again, select a suitable sprayer, and use a directional spraying method. Try to keep the nozzle low so that the droplets are close to the ground weeds and avoid spraying the liquid onto the Coptis chinensis plants.

[0020] A method for controlling root rot in Coptis chinensis, comprising direct action on the pathogen, influence on the soil microbial community, and enhancement of synergistic effects, using a specific electric field to control the growth environment of Coptis chinensis and alter the permeability of the pathogen's cell membrane. The specific operational steps for controlling root rot in Coptis chinensis are as follows:

[0021] S10. Select a professional electric field generator and install it around the Coptis chinensis planting area. Adjust the electric field generator before planting Coptis chinensis and maintain soil moisture.

[0022] S20. In the early stage of Coptis chinensis growth, control the frequency and intensity of electric field treatment and carry out treatment within a fixed time range.

[0023] S30. After the electric field treatment is completed, the Coptis chinensis planting area is irradiated with ultraviolet light, and soil samples and Coptis chinensis plant samples are collected regularly. The frequency and intensity of the electric field treatment are adjusted according to the monitoring results.

[0024] As a further aspect of the present invention: In step S10, after the Coptis chinensis planting is completed, the soil is planted according to a 10m... 2 -15m 2A set of electric field generators was installed at a density, with each generator positioned 30-50 cm above the ground. The frequency range of the generators was set between 10 kHz and 20 kHz, and the electric field strength was adjusted between 0 kV / cm and 50 kV / cm. Electric field treatment of the soil began 3-5 days before planting Coptis chinensis, with the electric field strength set at 2 kV / cm-3 kV / cm. Treatment continued for 4-6 hours daily, maintaining soil moisture at 30%-40% during the treatment period. Real-time monitoring was conducted using soil sensors. When the humidity is below the set range, the soil is sprayed with water. In step S20, after 1-2 months of Coptis chinensis sowing, an electric field treatment is performed every 3-4 days with an electric field strength of 1-1.5 kV / cm. After 3-6 months of growth of Coptis chinensis, an electric field treatment is performed every 5-6 days with an electric field strength of 1.5-2 kV / cm. After 6 months of growth of Coptis chinensis until harvest, an electric field treatment is performed every 7-10 days with an electric field strength of 2-2.5 kV / cm. Each electric field treatment lasts for 2-3 hours, and the treatment time is selected in the morning and evening.

[0025] As a further aspect of the present invention: In step S30, within 1-2 hours after the completion of a single electric field treatment, the Coptis chinensis planting area is subjected to ultraviolet irradiation. The wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp is selected to be 254nm, and the irradiation intensity is 0.5mW / cm². 2 -1mW / cm 2 Irradiation time is 15-30 minutes. Soil samples and Coptis chinensis plant samples are collected every 2-3 weeks to monitor the number of pathogens and beneficial microorganisms in the soil and the health status of Coptis chinensis plants. Based on the monitoring results, when the number of pathogens shows an increasing trend and Coptis chinensis shows suspected root rot symptoms, the frequency and intensity of electric field treatment are increased, with the increase not exceeding 20% ​​of the original parameters. When the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil decreases, the electric field treatment is suspended for 1-2 days, and microbial inoculants are added at a rate of 1-2 kg per acre.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention by adopting the above technical solution are as follows:

[0027] 1. This invention utilizes a specific electric field to treat the growth environment of Coptis chinensis, altering the permeability of pathogen cell membranes, affecting their physiological metabolism, and inhibiting the growth and reproduction of various pathogens. This overcomes the challenge of dealing with a wide variety of pathogens with diverse biological characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms. Simultaneously, combined with ultraviolet irradiation, it further destroys the nucleic acid structure of pathogens, enhancing the bactericidal effect. This addresses the complex pathogen problem from multiple angles. By regularly collecting soil and Coptis chinensis plant samples to monitor the number of pathogens, beneficial microorganisms, and the health status of the plants, early signs of root rot can be detected promptly. Based on the monitoring results, the frequency and intensity of the electric field treatment can be adjusted in a timely manner to effectively treat root rot. Early prevention and precise control of disease control, such as suspending electric field treatment and adding microbial agents when the number of beneficial microorganisms decreases, helps maintain the balance of soil microbial communities and improve the disease resistance of Coptis chinensis. The electric field treatment method avoids the problems of pathogen resistance, pesticide residue pollution, and damage to soil microbial communities caused by long-term use of chemical pesticides. Compared with traditional biological control, electric field treatment is less affected by environmental factors, has high stability, does not require complex research and development and high costs, and overcomes the limitations of poor stability, complex mechanism of action and high cost of biological control agents. It provides an efficient, environmentally friendly and stable solution for the prevention and control of Coptis chinensis root rot.

[0028] 2. This invention, by selecting high-altitude areas for Coptis chinensis cultivation, helps to relax the strict requirements of traditional Coptis chinensis cultivation environments to a certain extent. It can increase land resources that meet the cultivation conditions and reduce the time and effort costs of finding suitable planting sites. By using a method of soaking in clean water and mixing with wet sand and then ultrasonically treating it, seed dormancy can be broken, and the physiological activities inside the seeds can be stimulated, allowing the seeds to better complete ripening during the subsequent sand stratification process. Compared with traditional methods, this treatment method can significantly improve the germination rate and germination quality of seeds, laying the foundation for high yield of Coptis chinensis. By precisely controlling the soil moisture range, ions in the soil can move better under the action of an electric field, while enhancing the inhibitory effect on pathogens. By combining chemical weeding with manual weeding, the ratio of the agent and the spraying operation method are clearly defined when using glyphosate isopropylamine salt. This can effectively control weed growth, reduce the competition between weeds and Coptis chinensis for nutrients, water and sunlight, and minimize the contact between the herbicide and the Coptis chinensis plant, ensuring the safe growth of Coptis chinensis. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the specific process of planting Coptis chinensis root in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the specific process for preventing and controlling root rot in Coptis chinensis in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that these descriptions are for the purpose of aiding understanding the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0032] This invention discloses a method for cultivating Coptis chinensis root, including site selection and land preparation, seed propagation, and field management. The seeds are then stratified in sand after propagation. The specific operational steps of the Coptis chinensis root cultivation method are as follows:

[0033] Step 1: Select sandy soil that is rich in organic matter and has good drainage, control the pH value between 5.5 and 6.5, deeply plow the land before planting, and apply fertilizer and superphosphate.

[0034] Step 2: Select mature, plump, and cracked Coptis chinensis seeds, soak them in clean water and drain them. Mix them with wet sand according to the specified ratio and perform ultrasonic treatment. After completion, perform sand storage treatment and turn them over regularly.

[0035] Step 3: Make beds in the soil, leave drainage ditches between the beds, lay gravel in the drainage ditches, sow the sand-stored Coptis chinensis seeds in the sandy soil, and cover with fine soil and straw.

[0036] Step 4: After the seeds are planted, build a shade structure on the seedbed to control the shading rate, water regularly and adjust the watering frequency and time according to the season.

[0037] Step 5: Apply urea once after the seedlings emerge, and apply potassium sulfate compound fertilizer once later, followed by superphosphate and potassium sulfate once. During the seedling stage, perform manual and chemical weeding regularly.

[0038] In one embodiment of the present invention: In step one, a mountainous area with an altitude of 1200m-1800m and a slope of 15°-30° is selected. In the autumn of the year before planting, the land is deeply plowed to a depth of 30cm-40cm. 3000kg-400kg of well-rotted farmyard manure, 80kg-100kg of superphosphate and 200kg-300kg of biochar are applied to each acre of land. After application, the land is leveled using a fine rake.

[0039] In one embodiment of the present invention: In step two, from mid-October to early November, mature, plump, and cracked Coptis chinensis seeds are selected, soaked in clean water for 24 hours, drained after soaking, and mixed with wet sand in a 1:3 ratio. The mixture is then treated with an ultrasonic generator at a frequency of 30kHz-40kHz for 10-15 minutes. After treatment, the mixed seeds and sand are placed in a prepared storage container, and then the container is placed in an environment with a temperature of 5℃-10℃, good ventilation, and humidity of 50%-60%. The mixture of seeds and sand is turned over every 6-8 days. The turning should be done gently to avoid damaging the seeds. At the same time, the seeds are checked for mold or rot. If any problematic seeds are found, they should be removed in time. The turning operation continues until the Coptis chinensis seeds germinate in March of the following year.

[0040] In one embodiment of the present invention: In step three, ridges 1.3m-1.6m wide are made in the selected land area, with drainage ditches 35cm-45cm wide reserved between the ridges, and a layer of gravel is laid in the drainage ditches. A combination of row sowing and hole sowing is used. On the leveled ridge surface, shallow furrows are opened at a row spacing of 10cm-12cm for row sowing. A hole is set every 20cm-30cm in the row sowing furrow, and 3-5 seeds are sown in each hole. After sowing, a layer of fine soil 1cm-1.5cm thick is covered, and then covered with sterilized straw and pine needles to keep the soil moist.

[0041] In one embodiment of the present invention: In step four, after planting Coptis chinensis, a simple shade shed with a height of 1.6m is built on the raised bed. The shade material is shade netting, and the shading rate is controlled at 70%-85%. Starting from the second year, corn is planted on the edge of the raised bed as a shade plant, with a shading ratio of 55%. Except during the growing season, watering is carried out every 3-4 days in spring, autumn and winter. In the high temperature of summer, watering is carried out twice a day, at 7 am and 6 pm. During the rainy season, drainage ditches are cleaned in time.

[0042] In one embodiment of the present invention: In step five, after the seedlings of Coptis chinensis emerge, apply 6 kg of urea per mu. In late June to early July, apply 12 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu. In late September to early October, apply 25 kg of superphosphate and 6 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. During the seedling stage, cultivate and weed three times. Weeding is carried out by combining manual weeding and chemical weeding. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt with an effective ingredient content of 41% is used as the chemical agent. Add 5 mL to 6.7 mL of glyphosate isopropylamine salt preparation per liter of water. Use a clean bucket, add a small amount of water first, then slowly pour in the calculated glyphosate agent, stir evenly, add the required amount of water, stir again, select a suitable sprayer, and use a directional spraying method. Try to keep the nozzle low so that the droplets are close to the ground weeds and avoid spraying the liquid onto the Coptis chinensis plants.

[0043] A method for controlling root rot in Coptis chinensis includes direct action on the pathogen, influence on the soil microbial community, and enhancement of synergistic effects. It utilizes a specific electric field to control the growth environment of Coptis chinensis, altering the permeability of the pathogen's cell membrane. The specific operational steps for controlling root rot in Coptis chinensis are as follows:

[0044] S10. Select a professional electric field generator and install it around the Coptis chinensis planting area. Adjust the electric field generator before planting Coptis chinensis and maintain soil moisture.

[0045] S20. In the early stage of Coptis chinensis growth, control the frequency and intensity of electric field treatment and carry out treatment within a fixed time range.

[0046] S30. After the electric field treatment is completed, the Coptis chinensis planting area is irradiated with ultraviolet light, and soil samples and Coptis chinensis plant samples are collected regularly. The frequency and intensity of the electric field treatment are adjusted according to the monitoring results.

[0047] In one embodiment of the present invention: in S10, after the Coptis chinensis planting is completed, according to 10m 2 -15m 2A set of electric field generators was installed at a density, with each generator positioned 30-50 cm above the ground. The frequency range of the generators was set between 10 kHz and 20 kHz, and the electric field strength was adjusted between 0 kV / cm and 50 kV / cm. Electric field treatment of the soil began 3-5 days before planting Coptis chinensis, with the electric field strength set at 2 kV / cm-3 kV / cm. Treatment continued for 4-6 hours daily, maintaining soil moisture at 30%-40% during the treatment period. Real-time monitoring was conducted using soil sensors. When the soil moisture is below the set range, the soil is sprayed with water. In S20, 1-2 months after Coptis chinensis sowing, an electric field treatment is carried out every 3-4 days with an electric field strength of 1-1.5 kV / cm. 3-6 months after Coptis chinensis growth, an electric field treatment is carried out every 5-6 days with an electric field strength of 1.5-2 kV / cm. 6 months after Coptis chinensis growth until harvest, an electric field treatment is carried out every 7-10 days with an electric field strength of 2-2.5 kV / cm. Each electric field treatment lasts for 2-3 hours, and the treatment time is selected in the morning and evening.

[0048] In one embodiment of the present invention: in S30, within 1-2 hours after the completion of a single electric field treatment, the Coptis chinensis planting area is subjected to ultraviolet irradiation. The wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp is selected to be 254nm, and the irradiation intensity is 0.5mW / cm². 2 -1mW / cm 2 Irradiation time is 15-30 minutes. Soil samples and Coptis chinensis plant samples are collected every 2-3 weeks to monitor the number of pathogens and beneficial microorganisms in the soil and the health status of Coptis chinensis plants. Based on the monitoring results, when the number of pathogens shows an increasing trend and Coptis chinensis shows suspected root rot symptoms, the frequency and intensity of electric field treatment are increased, with the increase not exceeding 20% ​​of the original parameters. When the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil decreases, the electric field treatment is suspended for 1-2 days, and microbial inoculants are added at a rate of 1-2 kg per acre.

[0049] In one embodiment of the present invention: when preventing and controlling root rot in Coptis chinensis, an irrigation system can be combined with an electric field treatment. An electric field treatment module is set in the irrigation system so that the irrigation water passes through an electric field before entering the soil. The electric field strength is set to 0.5kV / cm-1kV / cm to initially disinfect pathogens carried in the irrigation water. The irrigation frequency is adjusted according to the growth stage of Coptis chinensis and the soil moisture. During the seedling stage, irrigation is carried out 2-3 times a week, and the amount of irrigation each time is such that the soil moisture content reaches 40%-50%. During the vigorous growth period, irrigation is carried out 3-4 times a week, and the soil moisture content is maintained at 50%-60%. In the later stage, the amount of irrigation is gradually reduced to 2-3 times a week, and the soil moisture content is maintained at 40%-50%.

[0050] In one embodiment of the invention: during winter or seasons with lower temperatures, greenhouse facilities are used to maintain the temperature of the planting area at 10℃-15℃. At this temperature, combined with electric field treatment, the activity of pathogens can be more effectively inhibited. During the high temperatures of summer, shading and ventilation measures are used to control the temperature at 20℃-25℃ to avoid a high-temperature and high-humidity environment conducive to the growth of pathogens. At the same time, electric field treatment can enhance the plant's resistance to adverse conditions.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] Choose a mountainous area with an altitude of 1500m and a slope of 20° as the planting site. The soil here is sandy soil rich in organic matter and well-drained, with a pH of 6.0. In the autumn of the year before planting, the land is deeply plowed to a depth of 35cm. Apply 3500kg of well-rotted farmyard manure, 90kg of superphosphate, and 250kg of biochar per acre. Then, level the land with a fine rake. In late October, select mature, plump, and cracked Coptis chinensis seeds, soak them in clean water for 24 hours, drain them, and mix them with moist sand in a 1:3 ratio. Use an ultrasonic generator to ultrasonically treat the seeds at a frequency of 35kHz for 12 minutes. Place the treated seeds and sand in a storage container and store them at a temperature of 8℃, with good ventilation and a humidity of 55%. In an environment with a certain percentage of seed distribution, the seeds are turned over every 7 days to check their condition until March of the following year. On the selected land, 1.5m wide beds are prepared, with 40cm drainage ditches between the beds. A layer of gravel is laid in the drainage ditches. A combination of row sowing and hill sowing is used. On the leveled bed surface, shallow furrows are opened at 11cm row spacing for row sowing. A hill hole is set every 25cm in the row sowing furrow, with 4 seeds sown in each hill hole. After sowing, a 1.2cm thick layer of fine soil is covered, followed by sterilized straw and pine needles. The soil is kept moist. After planting Coptis chinensis, a simple shade structure with a height of 1.6m is built on the bed surface, controlling the shading rate of the shade net to 80%. Starting from the second year, corn is planted along the edge of the bed as a shade plant, providing 55% shading. The drainage ditches are cleaned promptly during the rainy season.

[0053] After the seedlings of Coptis chinensis emerge, apply 6 kg of urea per mu (0.067 hectares). In late June, apply 12 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu. In late September, apply 25 kg of superphosphate and 6 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. Cultivate and weed three times during the seedling stage. Weeding should be done by combining manual and chemical methods. Use glyphosate isopropylamine salt with an effective ingredient content of 41% as the chemical agent. Add 6 mL of glyphosate isopropylamine salt preparation per liter of water. Use a clean bucket, add a small amount of water first, then slowly pour in the agent and stir evenly. After adding enough water, stir again. Select a suitable sprayer, lower the nozzle and spray in a directional manner to avoid spraying the liquid onto the Coptis chinensis plants.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] Choose a mountainous area with an altitude of 1300m and a slope of 25°. The soil should be sandy soil rich in organic matter and well-drained with a pH of 6.2. In the autumn of the year before planting, deeply plow the land to a depth of 32cm. Apply 3200kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 85kg of superphosphate, and 220kg of biochar per mu. Then harrow and level the soil. In mid-October, select mature and plump Coptis chinensis seeds, soak them in clean water for 24 hours, drain them, and mix them with wet sand at a ratio of 1:3. Use an ultrasonic generator to treat the seeds with an ultrasonic frequency of 32kHz for 10 minutes. After treatment, store the seeds and sand in an environment with a temperature of 7℃, good ventilation, and a humidity of 52%. Turn them over every 6 days until March of the following year.

[0056] Make 1.4m wide beds on the land, leaving 42cm drainage ditches between the beds and paving them with gravel. In mid-May, select healthy and disease-free Coptis chinensis branches, prune them into 12cm long cuttings, retaining 2 nodes on each cutting. Cut the lower part of the cutting at an angle and the upper part at a flat angle. Soak the Coptis chinensis branches for 30 minutes in a mixed solution of rooting powder and plant growth regulator (rooting powder concentration 500mg / L, plant growth regulator is a mixture of indolebutyric acid and naphthaleneacetic acid 150mg / L each). After soaking, insert the Coptis chinensis branches into the seedbed. The seedbed substrate is a mixture of vermiculite and perlite in a 3:1 ratio. After planting, build a simple 1.6m high shade canopy on the bed surface, with a shading rate of 75%. From the second year onwards, plant corn along the edge of the bed for shading, with a shading rate of 55%. Clean the drainage ditches during the rainy season.

[0057] After the seedlings emerge, apply 6 kg of urea per mu. In early July, apply 12 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu. In early October, apply 25 kg of superphosphate and 6 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. During the seedling stage, carry out three rounds of weeding and cultivation, combining manual and chemical weeding. For chemical weeding, use 41% glyphosate isopropylamine salt, adding 5.5 mL of the agent per liter of water. After mixing the agent with water, spray the herbicide in a directional manner, being careful to keep the nozzle low to avoid spraying the Coptis chinensis plants.

[0058] Example 3:

[0059] After the Coptis chinensis planting is completed, follow the 12m 2A set of electric field generating devices was installed around the planting area, with each device 40cm above the ground. The frequency range of the electric field generating devices was set to 15kHz, and the electric field strength could be adjusted from 0kV / cm to 50kV / cm. Electric field treatment of the soil began 4 days before planting Coptis chinensis, with the electric field strength set at 2.5kV / cm and continued for 5 hours daily. During the treatment, soil moisture was monitored in real time using soil sensors and maintained at 35%. Water was sprayed when the moisture was insufficient. This process was repeated every 3 days 1-2 months after sowing Coptis chinensis. Electric field treatment was performed with an electric field strength of 1.2 kV / cm. After 3-6 months of growth, electric field treatment was performed every 5 days with an electric field strength of 1.8 kV / cm. From 6 months of growth until harvest, electric field treatment was performed every 8 days with an electric field strength of 2.2 kV / cm. Each electric field treatment lasted for 2.5 hours and was performed in the morning. Within 1.5 hours after each electric field treatment, the Coptis chinensis planting area was irradiated with ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 254 nm and an irradiation intensity of 0.8 mW / cm. 2 The irradiation time was 20 minutes. Soil samples and Coptis chinensis plant samples were collected every two weeks to monitor the number of pathogens and beneficial microorganisms in the soil and the health status of the Coptis chinensis plants. If the number of pathogens showed an increasing trend or Coptis chinensis showed suspected root rot symptoms, the frequency and intensity of the electric field treatment were increased by 15% of the original parameters. If the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil decreased, the electric field treatment was suspended for 1.5 days, and a microbial agent (a compound agent containing Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis) was added at a rate of 1.5 kg per acre.

[0060] An electric field treatment module is installed in the irrigation system so that the irrigation water passes through an electric field with an electric field strength of 0.8 kV / cm before entering the soil. This provides initial disinfection of pathogens carried in the irrigation water. During the seedling stage, irrigation is carried out twice a week, with each irrigation amount bringing the soil moisture content to 45%. During the vigorous growth period, irrigation is carried out three times a week, maintaining the soil moisture content at 55%. In the later stage, irrigation is carried out twice a week, maintaining the soil moisture content at 45%. In winter, greenhouse facilities are used to maintain the temperature of the planting area at 12℃. During the high temperatures of summer, shading and ventilation measures are used to control the temperature at 22℃.

[0061] Example 4

[0062] After the Coptis chinensis planting is completed, follow the 15m 2A set of electric field generating devices were installed around the planting area, with each device installed 35cm above the ground. The frequency range of the electric field generating devices was set to 18kHz, and the electric field strength could be adjusted within the range of 0kV / cm-40kV / cm. The soil was treated with an electric field 3 days before planting Coptis chinensis, with the electric field strength set at 2.2kV / cm. The treatment lasted for 4.5 hours per day. During the treatment, the soil moisture was monitored in real time by a soil sensor and kept at 32%. Water was sprayed when the moisture was insufficient.

[0063] One to two months after sowing Coptis chinensis, an electric field treatment was performed every 4 days with an electric field strength of 1.3 kV / cm. After three to six months of growth, an electric field treatment was performed every 5 days with an electric field strength of 1.6 kV / cm. From six months of growth until harvest, an electric field treatment was performed every 9 days with an electric field strength of 2.3 kV / cm. Each electric field treatment lasted for 2.2 hours and was performed in the morning.

[0064] Within 1.2 hours after the single electric field treatment, the Coptis chinensis planting area was irradiated with ultraviolet light. The ultraviolet lamp wavelength was 254 nm and the irradiation intensity was 0.7 mW / cm². 2 The irradiation time was 25 minutes. Soil samples and Coptis chinensis plant samples were collected every 2.5 weeks to monitor the number of pathogens and beneficial microorganisms in the soil and the health status of Coptis chinensis plants. If the number of pathogens showed an increasing trend or Coptis chinensis showed suspected root rot symptoms, the frequency and intensity of the electric field treatment were increased by 18% of the original parameters. If the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil decreased, the electric field treatment was suspended for 1.2 days and microbial inoculants were added at a rate of 1.8 kg per acre.

[0065] An electric field treatment module is installed in the irrigation system so that the irrigation water passes through an electric field with an electric field strength of 0.6 kV / cm before entering the soil, which initially kills pathogens carried in the irrigation water. During the seedling stage, irrigation is carried out 3 times a week, with each irrigation amount bringing the soil moisture content to 42%. During the vigorous growth period, irrigation is carried out 3 times a week, with the soil moisture content maintained at 52%. In the later stage, irrigation is carried out 2 times a week, with the soil moisture content maintained at 42%. In winter, greenhouse facilities are used to maintain the temperature of the planting area at 13℃. In the high temperature of summer, shading and ventilation measures are used to control the temperature at 23℃.

[0066] After ultraviolet irradiation of the Coptis chinensis planting area, the number of soil pathogens, beneficial microorganisms, and the health status of the Coptis chinensis plants were monitored in Examples 3 and 4, as well as whether the Coptis chinensis showed suspected root rot symptoms. The monitoring results are as follows:

[0067] Example 3:

[0068] Pathogen count: In the early growth stage of Coptis chinensis (1-2 months after sowing), the number of soil pathogens was significantly reduced compared to the untreated area, with approximately 10 pathogens per gram of soil. 2 CFU-10 3 After 3-6 months of growth, due to the continued effect of the electric field treatment, the number of pathogens further decreased to 10-10 CFU per gram of soil. 2 CFU remained at a low level from 6 months of growth until harvest, below 10 CFU per gram of soil;

[0069] Number of beneficial microorganisms: In the initial stage of treatment, the number of beneficial microorganisms remained stable, with approximately 10 beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus and Actinomycetes per gram of soil. 5 CFU-10 6 As Coptis chinensis grows, due to electric field treatment and reasonable irrigation and temperature control, the number of beneficial microorganisms shows a moderate growth trend, reaching up to 10 per gram of soil during the vigorous growth period. 6 CFU-10 7 CFU levels remained high even before the harvest.

[0070] Plant health status: The Coptis chinensis plants are growing vigorously, with emerald green and thick leaves, no yellowing or wilting, well-developed root system, normal color, no signs of rot, strong root vitality, normal absorption of water and nutrients, and the overall height and diameter of the plant meet the standards for healthy growth. It shows good growth at all growth stages.

[0071] Symptoms of root rot: No suspected symptoms of root rot were observed throughout the entire growth cycle. The Coptis chinensis plants grew normally, without any weakening of growth due to root rot.

[0072] Example 4

[0073] Pathogen count: 1-2 months after sowing, the number of pathogens in each gram of soil is approximately 10. 2 CFU-10 3 CFU levels decreased to 50-10 CFU per gram of soil after 3-6 months. 2 CFU, from 6 months to harvest, was maintained at a low level of 5-50 CFU per gram of soil. Electric field treatment and other integrated measures effectively inhibited the reproduction of pathogens.

[0074] Number of beneficial microorganisms: Initially, the number of beneficial microorganisms per gram of soil is approximately 10. 5 CFU-10 6 During its growth, CFU benefits from the optimization of the soil environment through integrated pest management, leading to a gradual increase in the number of beneficial microorganisms. During its peak growth period, the number can reach 10 per gram of soil. 6 CFU-10 7CFU remained stable at a high level in the later stages, ensuring the balance of the soil micro-ecology;

[0075] Plant health status: The Coptis chinensis plants are growing well, with normal and glossy leaves, compact plants, intact root system, no abnormalities such as discoloration or rot, abundant root hairs, which can effectively absorb water and nutrients from the soil, and can grow normally in different seasons and growth stages, without any poor growth caused by diseases.

[0076] Symptoms of root rot: No suspected symptoms of root rot were observed throughout the entire growth period. The roots of the Coptis chinensis plants were healthy, and the above-ground parts grew normally. There was no root rot or plant weakness caused by pathogen infection.

[0077] As can be seen from the above four sets of examples, the selection and improvement of planting sites and scientific planting management can overcome the limitations of the growing environment of Coptis chinensis to a certain extent, improve the germination rate, survival rate and growth quality of Coptis chinensis, and thus increase the yield of Coptis chinensis roots. The comprehensive approach of using electric field treatment combined with ultraviolet irradiation, irrigation electric field disinfection, temperature control, and adjusting electric field parameters and adding microbial agents according to monitoring results can address the problems of complex pathogens and difficulties in early diagnosis, reduce the incidence of root rot, reduce its impact on the growth of Coptis chinensis, and ensure the yield and quality of Coptis chinensis. At the same time, compared with chemical control, it reduces problems such as drug resistance, pesticide residues and damage to soil microbial communities, and compared with biological control, it improves stability and reduces costs.

[0078] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and these variations still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0079] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0080] The above description is merely an example and illustration of the present invention. Any modifications, additions, or substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the specific embodiments described, as long as they do not deviate from the invention or exceed the scope defined in the claims, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0081] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling root rot in Coptis chinensis root cultivation, wherein the method includes direct action against the pathogen, influence on the soil microbial community, and enhancement of synergistic effects, characterized in that: By controlling the growth environment of Coptis chinensis using a specific electric field, the permeability of the pathogen's cell membrane is altered. The specific operational steps of the method for preventing and controlling root rot in Coptis chinensis are as follows: S10. Select a professional electric field generator and install it around the Coptis chinensis planting area. Adjust the electric field generator before planting Coptis chinensis and maintain soil moisture. S20. In the early stage of Coptis chinensis growth, control the frequency and intensity of electric field treatment and carry out treatment within a fixed time range. S30. After the electric field treatment is completed, the Coptis chinensis planting area is irradiated with ultraviolet light, and soil samples and Coptis chinensis plant samples are collected regularly. The frequency and intensity of the electric field treatment are adjusted according to the monitoring results. In step S10, after the Coptis chinensis planting is completed, the soil is planted at a rate of 10m... 2 -15m 2 A set of electric field generators was installed at a density, with each generator positioned 30-50 cm above the ground. The frequency range of the generators was set between 10 kHz and 20 kHz, and the electric field strength was adjusted between 0 kV / cm and 50 kV / cm. Electric field treatment of the soil began 3-5 days before planting Coptis chinensis, with the electric field strength set at 2 kV / cm-3 kV / cm. Treatment continued for 4-6 hours daily, maintaining soil moisture at 30%-40% during the treatment period. Real-time monitoring was conducted using soil sensors. When the humidity is below the set range, the soil is sprayed with water. In S20, after 1-2 months of sowing Coptis chinensis, an electric field treatment is performed every 3-4 days with an electric field strength of 1-1.5 kV / cm. After 3-6 months of growth of Coptis chinensis, an electric field treatment is performed every 5-6 days with an electric field strength of 1.5-2 kV / cm. After 6 months of growth of Coptis chinensis until harvest, an electric field treatment is performed every 7-10 days with an electric field strength of 2-2.5 kV / cm. Each electric field treatment lasts for 2-3 hours, and the treatment time is selected in the morning and evening. In step S30, within 1-2 hours after the single electric field treatment, the Coptis chinensis planting area is irradiated with ultraviolet light. The wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp is selected as 254nm, and the irradiation intensity is 0.5mW / cm². 2 -1mW / cm 2 Irradiation time is 15-30 minutes. Soil samples and Coptis chinensis plant samples are collected every 2-3 weeks to monitor the number of pathogens and beneficial microorganisms in the soil and the health status of Coptis chinensis plants. Based on the monitoring results, when the number of pathogens shows an increasing trend and Coptis chinensis shows suspected root rot symptoms, the frequency and intensity of electric field treatment are increased, with the increase not exceeding 20% ​​of the original parameters. When the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil decreases, the electric field treatment is suspended for 1-2 days, and microbial inoculants are added at a rate of 1-2 kg per acre.

2. The method for controlling root rot in Coptis chinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for planting Coptis chinensis root includes site selection and land preparation, seed propagation, and field management. After seed propagation, the seeds are stratified in sand. The specific operational steps of the Coptis chinensis root planting method are as follows: Step 1: Select sandy soil that is rich in organic matter and has good drainage, control the pH value between 5.5 and 6.5, deeply plow the land before planting, and apply fertilizer and superphosphate. Step 2: Select mature, plump, and cracked Coptis chinensis seeds, soak them in clean water and drain them. Mix them with wet sand according to the specified ratio and perform ultrasonic treatment. After completion, perform sand storage treatment and turn them over regularly. Step 3: Make beds in the soil, leaving drainage ditches between the beds, and sow the Coptis chinensis seeds that have been stored in sand in the sandy soil, and cover them with fine soil and straw. Step 4: After the seeds are planted, build a shade structure on the seedbed to control the shading rate, water regularly and adjust the watering frequency and time according to the season. Step 5: Apply urea once after the seedlings emerge, and apply potassium sulfate compound fertilizer once later, followed by superphosphate and potassium sulfate once. During the seedling stage, perform manual and chemical weeding regularly.

3. The method for controlling root rot in Coptis chinensis according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step one, select mountainous areas with an altitude of 1200m-1800m and a slope of 15°-30°. In the autumn of the year before planting, deeply plow the land to a depth of 30cm-40cm, and apply 3000kg-400kg of well-rotted farmyard manure, 80kg-100kg of superphosphate, and 200kg-300kg of biochar per acre. After application, level the land with a fine rake.

4. The method for controlling root rot in Coptis chinensis according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step two, from mid-October to early November, select mature, plump, and cracked Coptis chinensis seeds, soak them in clean water for 24 hours, drain them after soaking, mix them with wet sand in a 1:3 ratio, and treat them with an ultrasonic generator at a frequency of 30kHz-40kHz for 10-15 minutes. After treatment, store them in sand using traditional methods, turning them over every 6-8 days until March of the following year.

5. The method for controlling root rot in Coptis chinensis according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step three, make beds 1.3m-1.6m wide in the selected land area, leaving drainage ditches 35cm-45cm wide between the beds, and lay a layer of gravel in the drainage ditches. Use a combination of row sowing and hole sowing. On the leveled bed surface, make shallow furrows with a row spacing of 10cm-12cm for row sowing. Set a hole every 20cm-30cm in the row sowing furrow, and sow 3-5 seeds in each hole. After sowing, cover with a 1cm-1.5cm thick layer of fine soil, and cover with sterilized straw and pine needles to keep the soil moist.

6. The method for controlling root rot in Coptis chinensis according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step four, after planting Coptis chinensis, a simple shade shed with a height of 1.6m is built on the raised bed. The shade material is shade netting, and the shading rate is controlled at 70%-85%. Starting from the second year, corn is planted on the edge of the bed as a shade plant, with a shading ratio of 55%. Except during the growing season, watering is done every 3-4 days in spring, autumn and winter. In the high temperature of summer, watering is done twice a day, at 7 am and 6 pm. During the rainy season, drainage ditches are cleaned in time.

7. The method for controlling root rot in Coptis chinensis according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step five, after the seedlings of Coptis chinensis emerge, apply 6 kg of urea per mu. In late June to early July, apply 12 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu. In late September to early October, apply 25 kg of superphosphate and 6 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. During the seedling stage, cultivate and weed three times. Weeding is done by a combination of manual and chemical weeding. Glyphosate is used for chemical weeding.

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