Nitrogen and phosphorus loss combined control method for corn-winter green manure rotation planting

Abstract

The invention provides a combined nitrogen and phosphorus loss prevention and control method for corn-winter green manure rotation planting. Comprising the following steps: step 1, preparing soil in mid-to-late September, sowing winter green manure crops in drill, and applying a yeast substrate along with the seeds; step 2, crushing the upper part of the green manure ground in April of the next year, scattering the treated sesbania straw, and turning and pressing by a rotary cultivator; step 3, sowing the corn, and applying a nitrification inhibitor along with the seeds; step 4, applying slow-release urea while intertilling the corn in a large horn mouth period of the corn; and 5, repeating the operations from the step 1 to the step 4 every year. According to the invention, the fertilizer is saved by more than 50%, the nutrient volatilization and leaching loss is reduced by 50-85%, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved by more than 30%, the cost is saved by 100-200 yuan per mu, the soil fertility is obviously improved, the soil nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation is obviously reduced, the non-point source pollution risk is obviously reduced, the biological coverage in winter and spring is obviously increased, and the beautiful tourism scene is provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of agricultural ecological environment protection, and in particular relates to a combined prevention and control method for nitrogen and phosphorus loss in corn-winter green manure rotation planting. Background Art

[0002] Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential nutrients for crop growth, and they play an important role in increasing crop yields and improving product quality. However, due to unreasonable fertilizer application, a large amount of nutrients in farmland soil are in surplus, which are easily lost with water under rainfall or irrigation conditions, resulting in a decline in water environment quality, which has attracted widespread attention. Studies have shown that underground leaching is the main way of nitrogen loss in farmland soil in North China. Excessive application of chemical fertilizers has caused the nitrate content of groundwater in the region to exceed the standard; urea surface topdressing causes fertilizer volatilization loss, and it is easy to cause "ammonia poisoning" and bury hidden dangers for environmental pollution. It is generally believed that soil has a strong phosphorus fixation ability, and the possibility of soil phosphorus leaching vertically downward is not high. However, recent research reports have pointed out that when phosphorus exceeds the saturation adsorption point, leaching loss is likely to occur, and excessive phosphorus fertilizer input and unreasonable irrigation methods have greatly increased the risk of phosphorus loss. The soil phosphorus level in most parts of my country has increased from 10 mg / kg in the 1980s to more than 20 mg / kg now, and there is a trend of further increase. Li Shutian et al. conducted statistics on the phosphorus balance of farmland across the country. The North China region had the highest phosphorus surplus, reaching 85.2 kg / hm2. 2 Therefore, the risk of phosphorus leaching from farmland cannot be ignored.

[0003] Fertilizer varieties and planting methods are important factors affecting the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus from farmland. In view of the high amount of fertilizer applied during corn planting, the large amount of nutrient volatilization and soil leaching losses caused by rain and heat in the same season after fertilization, which leads to fertilizer waste and non-point source pollution such as groundwater, winter green manure is incorporated into the corn planting system. At the same time, the method of integrating slow-release urea + sesbania straw + yeast substrate + nitrification inhibitor and product combination in the entire winter green manure-corn rotation production process is used to promote the absorption of fertilizer nitrogen by corn roots and the release of nutrients by winter green manure decomposition, while preventing and controlling the downward leaching and upward volatilization losses of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the soil, thereby achieving fertilizer saving, emission reduction, loss reduction, and improving fertilizer utilization efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the invention is to provide a combined control method for nitrogen and phosphorus loss in corn-winter green manure rotation planting.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention relates to a combined control method for nitrogen and phosphorus loss in corn-winter green manure rotation planting, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: prepare the land in mid-to-late September, sow winter green manure crops in rows, and apply yeast substrate along with the seeds;

[0008] Step 2, in April of the following year, the aboveground part of the green manure is crushed, and the treated sesbania straw is sprinkled in at the same time, and turned over and pressed by a rotary tiller;

[0009] Step 3, corn is sown and nitrification inhibitor is applied along with the seeds;

[0010] Step 4: During the corn flaring period, slow-release urea is applied while the corn is being inter-cultivated;

[0011] Step 5: Repeat steps 1 to 4 every year.

[0012] Preferably, in step 1, the green manure crop is hairy vetch or February orchid.

[0013] Preferably, in step 1, the yeast substrate is yeast extract powder FM902 produced by Angel Yeast Co., Ltd.

[0014] Preferably, in step 1, the indicators of the yeast substrate are as follows: total nitrogen (TN dry basis) ≧9.0%, amino nitrogen (AN dry basis) ≧3%, moisture ≦6%, ash ≦15.0%, pH 5.3-7.2, and NaCl ≦2.0%.

[0015] Preferably, in step 1, the sowing amount of the green manure crop is 2.0-4 kg / mu; the usage amount of the yeast substrate FM902 is 2.5-4.0 kg / mu.

[0016] Preferably, in step 2, the crushing of the sesbania straw is to crush the sesbania straw into fragments of 3 to 5 cm.

[0017] Preferably, in step 2, the amount of the crushed sesbania straw is 200-300 kg / mu, and the depth of the turned and pressed sesbania straw is 10-15 cm.

[0018] Preferably, in step 3, the nitrification inhibitor is 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine, and the dosage is 3.0-5.0 kg / mu. The nitrification inhibitor is sold on the market: content ≧99.5%, moisture ≦0.30%, ash ≦0.05%.

[0019] Preferably, in step 4, the dosage of the slow-release urea is 10-12 kg / mu.

[0020] Preferably, in step 4, the release period of the slow-release urea is 90 days; the slow-release urea is produced by Mao Shi Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.

[0021] The present invention integrates the method of combined application of slow-release urea + sesbania straw + yeast substrate + nitrification inhibitor and products, and the functions of each component in the present invention are as follows:

[0022] The winter green manure + yeast substrate of the present invention can ensure the vigorous growth of green manure in the winter idle season, fix more nitrogen and accumulate more carbon, and absorb the original residual nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients in the surface and deep layers of the soil during the entire growth period, convert the fast-acting nutrients into organic nutrients, and reduce their leaching downwards;

[0023] The sesbania straw used in the present invention can block the downward movement of quick-acting nitrogen and phosphorus released by decomposition of green manure due to its special cortical structure, thereby reducing nutrient leaching loss in the rainy season;

[0024] The present invention uses nitrification inhibitor treatment to lock the nutrient form released by the decomposition of winter green manure into a form that is not easy to leach and not easy to volatilize, and preserve it in the soil, thereby ensuring that sufficient nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition is provided for the early growth of subsequent corn crops, mainly reducing the loss of quick-acting nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients converted from the winter green manure;

[0025] The invention applies slow-release urea during the tillage period of corn, and selects slow-release urea that releases nitrogen in the same period according to the key growth and development period of corn, thereby reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizer and reducing the volatilization loss of fertilizer nutrients in the form of gas.

[0026] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0027] (1) The present invention implements winter green manure and corn rotation during corn cultivation, and integrates a method for combined application of slow-release urea + sesbania straw + yeast substrate + nitrification inhibitor and products to promote the corn root system to absorb fertilizer nitrogen and the nutrients released by winter green manure decomposition, while preventing and controlling the downward leaching and upward volatilization loss of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the soil, thereby achieving fertilizer saving, emission reduction, loss reduction, and improving fertilizer utilization efficiency.

[0028] (2) The method of the present invention is divided into four stages to control nutrient loss. The first stage is to fix nitrogen by planting winter green manure and absorb residual nutrients in autumn at the same time. The second stage is to keep the nutrients adsorbed and released by the special structure of the sesbania straw after the green manure is turned over, and at the same time prevent the loss of nutrients due to the decomposition of the green manure. The third stage is to apply nitrification inhibitors during the corn planting period to inhibit the conversion of nitrogen into a form that is easily leached. The fourth stage is to apply slow-release urea during the tillage period, which can be connected with the nutrients provided by the green manure to fully supply the nutrient requirements of the corn growth period. The slow-release urea + sesbania straw + yeast substrate + nitrification inhibitor are added in stages to give full play to the role of each component and achieve the ultimate goal.

[0029] (3) This achievement comprehensively considers crop nutrient supply, fertilizer saving, emission reduction, loss reduction, cost savings, and achieves a win-win situation in ecological and economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a comparative demonstration diagram of the combined control method of nitrogen and phosphorus losses in corn-winter green manure rotation and the existing methods. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are only further descriptions of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] This embodiment relates to a method for combined prevention and control of nitrogen and phosphorus losses in corn-winter green manure rotation planting, comprising the following steps:

[0034] Step 1, land preparation in mid-to-late September, row sowing of hairy vetch at 4 kg / mu, and application of FM902 yeast substrate at 2.5 kg / mu; this step combines hairy vetch with FM902 yeast substrate to ensure vigorous growth of green manure in the winter idle season, fix more nitrogen and accumulate more carbon, and absorb more residual nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients in the surface and deep layers of the soil during the entire growth period to prevent them from leaching downwards;

[0035] Step 2, in late April of the following year, the aboveground part of the green manure is crushed, and 200 kg / mu of treated 3-5 cm sesbania straw is spread, and the sesbania straw is turned over by a rotary tiller to a depth of 10-15 cm. The sesbania straw is spread in this step because of its special cortical structure, which can block the downward migration of the quick-acting nitrogen and phosphorus released by the decomposition of the green manure, thereby reducing the loss of nutrient leaching;

[0036] Step 3, corn sowing, applying 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine at 5 kg / mu; the purpose of applying 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine in this step is to lock the nutrients released by the decomposition of winter green manure into a form that is not easy to leach, thereby reducing the risk of leaching, and at the same time retain nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the soil to meet the early growth needs of subsequent corn crops.

[0037] Step 4: During the corn flaring stage, 10 kg / mu of slow-release urea produced by Mao Shi Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. is applied while the corn is tilled. The slow-release urea controls the slow release of nitrogen according to the growth and development stage of the corn, reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizer and reducing fertilizer volatilization losses.

[0038] Step 5: Repeat steps 1 to 4 every year.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] This embodiment relates to a method for combined prevention and control of nitrogen and phosphorus losses in corn-winter green manure rotation planting, comprising the following steps:

[0041] Step 1, land preparation in mid-to-late September, row sowing of hairy vetch at 2 kg / mu, and application of FM902 yeast substrate at 4 kg / mu; this step combines hairy vetch with FM902 yeast substrate to ensure vigorous growth of green manure in the winter idle season, fix more nitrogen and accumulate more carbon, and absorb more residual nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients in the surface and deep layers of the soil during the entire growth period to prevent them from leaching downwards;

[0042] Step 2, in late April of the following year, the aboveground part of the green manure is crushed, and 300 kg / mu of treated 3-5 cm sesbania straw is spread, and the sesbania straw is turned over by a rotary tiller to a depth of 10-15 cm. The sesbania straw is spread in this step because of its special cortical structure, which can block the downward migration of the quick-acting nitrogen and phosphorus released by the decomposition of the green manure, thereby reducing the loss of nutrient leaching;

[0043] Step 3, corn sowing, applying 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine at 3 kg / mu; the purpose of applying 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine in this step is to lock the nutrients released by the decomposition of winter green manure into a form that is not easy to leach, thereby reducing the risk of leaching, and at the same time retain nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the soil to meet the early growth needs of subsequent corn crops.

[0044] Step 4: During the corn flaring stage, 12 kg / mu of slow-release urea produced by Mao Shi Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. is applied while the corn is tilled. The slow-release urea controls the slow release of nitrogen according to the growth and development stage of the corn, reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizer and reducing fertilizer volatilization losses.

[0045] Step 5: Repeat steps 1 to 4 every year.

[0046] The methods involved in Example 1 and Example 2 of the present invention are compared with the control under the condition that the corn yield is kept constant. Figure 1 As shown, the present invention saves more than 50% of fertilizer, reduces nutrient volatilization and leaching losses by 50% to 85%, improves fertilizer utilization rate by more than 30%, saves 150 to 200 yuan per mu in cost, significantly improves soil fertility, significantly reduces nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation in deep soil profiles, reduces non-point source pollution risks, significantly increases biological coverage in winter and spring, and provides beautiful tourist scenery.

[0047] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art may make various modifications or variations within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling nitrogen and phosphorus losses in corn-winter green manure rotation planting, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: prepare the land in mid-to-late September, sow winter green manure crops in rows, and apply yeast substrate along with the seeds; Step 2, in April of the following year, the aboveground part of the green manure is crushed, and the treated sesbania straw is sprinkled in at the same time, and turned over and pressed by a rotary tiller; Step 3, corn is sown and nitrification inhibitor is applied along with the seeds; Step 4: During the corn flaring period, slow-release urea is applied while the corn is being inter-cultivated; Step 5: Repeat steps 1 to 4 every year.

2. The combined control method for nitrogen and phosphorus loss in corn-winter green manure rotation planting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the green manure crop is hairy vetch or February orchid.

3. The combined control method for nitrogen and phosphorus loss in corn-winter green manure rotation planting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the yeast substrate is yeast extract powder FM902 produced by Angel Yeast Co., Ltd.

4. The combined control method for nitrogen and phosphorus loss in corn-winter green manure rotation planting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the indicators of the yeast substrate are as follows: total nitrogen ≧9.0%, amino nitrogen ≧3%, moisture ≦6%, ash ≦15.0%, pH value 5.3-7.2, and NaCl ≦2.0%.

5. The combined control method for nitrogen and phosphorus loss in corn-winter green manure rotation planting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the sowing amount of the green manure crop is 2.0-4.0 kg / mu; the usage amount of the yeast substrate FM902 is 2.5-4.0 kg / mu.

6. The combined control method for nitrogen and phosphorus loss in corn-winter green manure rotation planting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the sesbania straw is crushed into 3-5 cm pieces.

7. The combined control method for nitrogen and phosphorus loss in corn-winter green manure rotation planting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the amount of the crushed sesbania straw is 200kg-300kg / mu, and the depth of the crushed sesbania straw after the pressing treatment is 10-15cm.

8. The combined control method for nitrogen and phosphorus loss in corn-winter green manure rotation planting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the nitrification inhibitor is 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine, and its dosage is 3-5 kg / mu; the indicators of the nitrification inhibitor are as follows: content ≧99.5%, moisture ≦0.30%, ash ≦0.05%.

9. The combined control method for nitrogen and phosphorus loss in corn-winter green manure rotation planting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the dosage of the slow-release urea is 10-12 kg / mu.

10. The combined control method for nitrogen and phosphorus loss in corn-winter green manure rotation planting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the release period of the slow-release urea is 90 days.

Images