A spraying device for spraying liquid in a rotary manner, an absorbing device and application thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of spray device of rotary spray of spraying liquid, absorption device and its application.The described spray device can atomize spraying liquid, improve gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency, reduce acid consumption.The described spray device includes spraying liquid inlet, first spray pipe in fluid communication with the spraying liquid inlet, multiple second spray pipes in fluid communication with the first spray pipe and extending to both sides of the first spray pipe perpendicular to the first spray pipe, multiple third spray pipes in fluid communication with the second spray pipe and extending to both sides of the second spray pipe perpendicular to the second spray pipe, and nozzle at the end of the third spray pipe and in fluid communication therewith, wherein on at least one of the second spray pipes, adjacent two nozzles located on the same side of the second spray pipe are configured to spray the spraying liquid in the same direction of rotation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of gas absorption technology, and more specifically to a spraying device for rotating spray liquid, an absorption device, and their applications. Background Technology

[0002] In ammoniation or ammoxidation processes to produce nitrile compounds, to maximize the conversion of hydrocarbon feedstock gases, ammonia is generally in excess in the feedstock gas, meaning the molar ratio of ammonia to hydrocarbons in the feedstock gas is greater than 1. For example, in propylene ammoxidation, the ammonia ratio (molar ratio of ammonia to propylene) is 1.10-1.35, and in aromatics ammoxidation, the ammonia ratio (molar ratio of ammonia to aromatics) is 4-8. Therefore, the reactor outlet gas will inevitably contain unreacted ammonia. On the one hand, in acrylonitrile production processes, acrylonitrile and other compounds in the reaction gas are prone to polymerization under alkaline conditions; on the other hand, even a small amount of unreacted ammonia escaping can easily cause environmental pollution. Therefore, in ammoniation or ammoxidation processes, it is essential to use an absorption device (generally called an ammonia absorption tower or quench tower) to remove unreacted ammonia from the gas phase using acid or water. This process is crucial.

[0003] With the development of production technology, production loads are constantly increasing, and the trend towards larger and more large-scale equipment is towards future development. The higher the equipment load, the larger the equipment, including the absorption unit, will be. It is known that in the absorption unit, the circulating liquid (spraying liquid) is dispersed into the absorption unit by a spraying device and comes into countercurrent contact with the ammonia-containing gas to absorb it, thereby achieving the purpose of removing residual ammonia from the gas phase.

[0004] Patent CN105425849 removes residual ammonia by adjusting the amount of acid added to the pH value of the effluent from the absorption device; patent CN1199940 improves the mass and heat transfer between the gas and liquid phases by adding internal components to the bottom of the absorption device, essentially solving the problem of uniform distribution of ammonia-containing gas phase. However, ammonia breakthrough still inevitably occurs in the absorption device, meaning that a small amount of ammonia still escapes, leading to product loss or environmental pollution in subsequent refining and separation units.

[0005] Because the spraying liquids in the existing technology are sprayed out in the same rotational direction, when the spraying liquid is in the downward direction, the droplets formed by one spraying liquid come into contact with the droplets formed by another spraying liquid, which makes the droplet size larger and reduces the effective area of ​​gas-liquid contact, resulting in a decrease in acid utilization and accompanied by more ammonia escape. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The inventors of this invention discovered that this problem can be solved, for example, by controlling the rotational spray direction of the spray liquid from two adjacent nozzles. This invention is based on this discovery.

[0007] In a first embodiment, the present invention relates to a spraying device, comprising a spray liquid inlet, a first spray pipe in fluid communication with the spray liquid inlet, a plurality of second spray pipes in fluid communication with the first spray pipe and extending to both sides therefrom perpendicular to the first spray pipe, a plurality of third spray pipes in fluid communication with the second spray pipes and extending to both sides therefrom perpendicular to the second spray pipes, and a nozzle located at the end of the third spray pipes and in fluid communication therefrom, wherein on at least one of the second spray pipes, two adjacent nozzles located on the same side of the second spray pipe are configured such that the spray liquid is sprayed out in the same rotational direction.

[0008] In a second embodiment, the present invention relates to an absorption device, comprising a housing and a plurality of spraying devices arranged in layers at predetermined vertical intervals along the central axis of the absorption device inside the housing, wherein at least one of the spraying devices is the spraying device described in the first embodiment.

[0009] In other embodiments, the invention also relates to the application of the spraying device or the absorption device in the manufacture of nitrile.

[0010] Technical effect

[0011] The spraying device according to the present invention improves gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency and reduces acid consumption.

[0012] According to the spraying device of the present invention, the droplets are not easily carried out of the ammonia absorption tower by the gas mist. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1A , Figure 1B These are top and front views of a nozzle from existing technology.

[0014] Figure 2A , Figure 2B These are top-view schematic diagrams and detailed top-view diagrams of existing spraying devices.

[0015] Figure 3A , Figure 3B This is a front view schematic diagram of the ammonia absorption tower of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 4 This is a front view schematic diagram of the ammonia absorption tower of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 5A These are top and front view schematic diagrams of the two rotation modes of the nozzle of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 5B This is a top-down view of the spraying device.

[0019] Figure 5C This is a detailed top view of a spraying device according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5D This is a detailed top view of another spraying device of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6A , Figure 6B This is a top view schematic diagram of the spraying device of the present invention.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0023] 1: Ammonia Absorption Tower

[0024] 2: Demister, an internal component of the ammonia absorption tower

[0025] 3: Spraying device for internal components of the ammonia absorption tower, 3a-3f are spraying devices.

[0026] 4: Gas distributor, an internal component of the ammonia absorption tower

[0027] 5: Spraying device for internal components of the ammonia absorption tower, 5a-5b are spraying devices.

[0028] 6: Upper section circulating pump

[0029] 7: Lower section circulating pump

[0030] 8: Ammonia-containing gas feed

[0031] 9: Ammonia absorption tower gas phase discharge

[0032] 10: Replenish water in the upper section

[0033] 11: Lower stage wastewater discharge

[0034] 12: Discharge of ammonium salt solution from the upper section

[0035] 13: Lower section circulating fluid

[0036] 14: Upper section circulating fluid

[0037] 15: Acidic solution

[0038] 16: Circulating fluid

[0039] 17: Circulation pump

[0040] 18: Spraying device inlet

[0041] 19: First spray pipe of the spraying device

[0042] 20a, 20b: Second spray pipe of the spraying device

[0043] 21: Third spray pipe of the spraying device

[0044] 22: Spraying device atomizing nozzle Detailed Implementation

[0045] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. However, it should be noted that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments, but is determined by the claims in the appendix.

[0046] All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned in this specification are incorporated herein by reference. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art. In case of conflict, the definitions in this specification shall prevail.

[0047] When this specification uses the prefixes “known to those skilled in the art,” “prior art,” or similar terms to derive materials, substances, methods, steps, apparatus, or components, the objects derived from such prefixes cover those commonly used in the art at the time of this application, but also include those that are not currently commonly used but will become generally recognized in the art as suitable for similar purposes.

[0048] In the context of this specification, "basically" means a deviation of no more than 20%, preferably no more than 10% or 5%.

[0049] Unless otherwise specified, all percentages, parts, ratios, etc. mentioned in this instruction manual are based on weight, and the pressure is gauge pressure.

[0050] In the context of this specification, any two or more embodiments of the present invention can be arbitrarily combined, and the resulting technical solutions are part of the original disclosure of this specification and also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0051] In the context of this specification, any technical details not mentioned herein shall be applied directly to information known in the art.

[0052] According to one embodiment of the invention, a spraying device is provided. According to the invention, the spraying device is particularly suitable for use in gas absorption devices (especially ammonia absorption devices).

[0053] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the spraying device includes a spray liquid inlet, a first spray pipe in fluid communication with the spray liquid inlet, a plurality of (e.g., 10-26, preferably 12-22) second spray pipes in fluid communication with the first spray pipe and extending perpendicularly to both sides of the first spray pipe, a plurality of (e.g., 4-26, preferably 6-22) third spray pipes in fluid communication with the second spray pipes and extending perpendicularly to both sides of the second spray pipes, and a nozzle located at the end of the third spray pipes and in fluid communication therewith.

[0054] This invention does not specifically limit the connection methods between the spray pipes or between the third spray pipe and the nozzle; conventional connection methods in the art can be used. For example, a fixed connection or a detachable connection can be used, preferably a threaded connection, or other detachable connection methods; there are no specific limitations.

[0055] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the spraying liquid is water or an acidic aqueous solution. Preferably, ammonia-containing gas is brought into counter-current contact with the acidic aqueous solution as the spraying liquid from bottom to top, and the acidic H+ ions contained in the aqueous solution neutralize the ammonia, thereby removing the ammonia. Here, the acidic aqueous solution is an aqueous solution of an acidic substance. The acidic substance can be an inorganic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or phosphoric acid; it can also be an organic acid, such as acrylic acid or acetic acid; or it can be an acidic salt, such as ammonium sulfate, without specific limitation.

[0056] According to the present invention, the droplet size of the spray liquid ejected from the nozzle is very small, typically only 50-5000 micrometers, which can effectively perform the gas absorption function, especially the ammonia removal function.

[0057] According to one embodiment of the present invention, on at least one (preferably all) of the second spray pipes, two adjacent nozzles (preferably all) located on the same side of the second spray pipe are configured such that the spray liquid is ejected in the same direction of rotation. Typically, the spray liquid enters the rotating column tangentially from the nozzle, and after exiting the nozzle, forms a hollow cone with the nozzle outlet as its apex. To ensure uniformity of the spray liquid within the column, the nozzle outlets of adjacent nozzles are required to be equidistantly distributed across the column cross-section, meaning the spray liquid enters the nozzle tangentially. Therefore, the spray liquid on the same side of the second spray pipe is ejected in the same direction of rotation, while the spray liquid on opposite sides of the second spray pipe is ejected in opposite directions of rotation. In this way, after the spray liquid ejected from the nozzles on the same second spray pipe converges and collides, more droplets retain their original state and continue downward along their original direction of motion.

[0058] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of second spray pipes extend substantially parallel to each other in a horizontal direction to their opposite sides, perpendicular to the first spray pipe.

[0059] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of third spray pipes extend substantially parallel to each other in a horizontal direction to their opposite sides, perpendicular to the second spray pipe.

[0060] According to one embodiment of the invention, the nozzle includes a nozzle inlet, a rotating chamber, and a nozzle outlet, wherein the rotating chamber is configured such that spray liquid entering from the nozzle inlet exits the nozzle outlet in a rotating manner after passing through the rotating chamber. According to the invention, the rotating chamber can be of any structure known in the art, as long as it allows the spray liquid to exit the nozzle outlet in a rotating manner after passing through the rotating chamber; there is no particular limitation.

[0061] According to one embodiment of the invention, on at least one (preferably all) of the second spray pipes, at least one (preferably all) nozzles located on one side of the second spray pipe are configured such that the spray liquid is sprayed out in a rotational direction A, and at least one (preferably all) nozzles located on the opposite side of the second spray pipe are configured such that the spray liquid is sprayed out in a rotational direction B, wherein the rotational direction A is opposite to the rotational direction B.

[0062] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the rotation direction A is clockwise and the rotation direction B is counterclockwise.

[0063] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, all nozzles on the opposing sides of two adjacent second spray pipes are configured such that the spray liquid is ejected in opposite rotational directions. Here, "adjacent" means located on the same side of the first spray pipe and adjacent to each other, while "opposing sides" refers to the opposing sides of one second spray pipe and the other second spray pipe, such as... Figure 5C As shown, after the sprayed liquid from the two nozzles of the second adjacent spray pipe collides during their respective downward movement, the droplets can still maintain their original state and continue to move downward. The droplets are not easily aggregated and grow larger, nor are they easily broken into smaller droplets.

[0064] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in all the nozzles of the spraying device, the number of nozzles spraying liquid in the rotation direction A is equal to or substantially equal to the number of nozzles spraying liquid in the rotation direction B. As previously mentioned, uniform spraying requires uniform distribution of nozzles within the tower, typically preferably in an axisymmetric distribution. Therefore, the rotation directions of the nozzles appear in axisymmetric pairs. If the rotation directions of the paired nozzles are all in the same direction, it means that all nozzles rotate in the same direction. This can easily cause the droplets from two adjacent nozzles to collide and enlarge during the rotation and downward movement of the liquid. Because the total effective contact area with gaseous ammonia decreases, the ammonia absorption efficiency is reduced.

[0065] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the inner diameter of the first spray pipe is 160-480mm (preferably 200-450mm), and the length is 4500-11500mm (preferably 4800-10500mm).

[0066] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of second spray pipes may be the same or different from each other, each having an inner diameter of 30-150 mm (preferably 40-120 mm) and a length of 1200-5750 mm (preferably 1800-5250 mm) independently.

[0067] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of third spray pipes may be the same or different from each other, each having an inner diameter of 10-60 mm (preferably 15-50 mm) and a length of 160-325 mm (preferably 175-300 mm) independently.

[0068] According to one embodiment of the invention, the nozzles may be the same or different from each other, and their inner diameters (referring to the nozzle outlets) are each independently 3-20 mm (preferably 6-14 mm), and the diameters of the rotating chambers are each independently 10.0-55.0 mm (preferably 13.0-45.0 mm).

[0069] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the spraying rate of each spraying liquid is independently 0.5-7.5 t / h (preferably 0.9-6.5 t / h), and the spraying angle is independently 65-120° (preferably 70-100°).

[0070] According to one embodiment of the present invention, on the first spray pipe, the horizontal distance between two adjacent second spray pipes is 640-1300mm (preferably 700-1200mm).

[0071] According to one embodiment of the present invention, on the same second spray pipe, the horizontal distance between two adjacent third spray pipes is 320-650mm (preferably 350-600mm).

[0072] According to one embodiment of the present invention, on two adjacent second spray pipes, the straight-line distance M between the end of any third spray pipe on one second spray pipe and the end of any third spray pipe on another adjacent second spray pipe (e.g., ...) Figure 6A , Figure 6B(As shown) The nozzle diameter should be no less than 320 mm, preferably no less than 350 mm. The inventors of this invention discovered that, in order to improve ammonia absorption efficiency, at least two overlapping conical liquid surfaces centered on the nozzles are generally required at any location on the cross-section of the tower, including at the tower wall. If the distance between the ends of the two spray pipes is too large, due to the limitations of the nozzle structure, it is difficult to ensure overlapping of liquid surfaces sprayed from two or more nozzles at any location on the tower wall, thus increasing the probability of ammonia escaping through the "gaps." If the distance between the ends of the two spray pipes is too small, in order to ensure the atomization quality of the sprayed liquid, the circulating liquid volume within the ammonia absorption tower will inevitably increase, i.e., the pump's energy consumption will increase.

[0073] According to one embodiment of the invention, an absorption device, particularly an ammonia absorption tower or quench tower, is also involved.

[0074] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the absorption device includes a housing and a plurality of spraying devices (e.g., 2-10, preferably 4-8) arranged in layers at predetermined vertical intervals along the central axis of the absorption device inside the housing, wherein at least one of the spraying devices is a spraying device described in any of the preceding embodiments of this specification.

[0075] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the absorption device includes two spraying devices as described in any of the preceding embodiments of this specification, and when the absorption device is transversely cut in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the absorption device to obtain a cross-section, the projections of one of the spraying devices and at least one (preferably all) of the other spraying device selected from a first spray pipe, a second spray pipe, and a third spray pipe substantially coincide in the cross-section.

[0076] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the projections of all nozzles of the one spraying device and the other spraying device on the cross-section substantially coincide. The inventors of the present invention have discovered that the multiple spraying devices in the absorption device are both relatively independent individuals and an organic whole. The circulating liquid is transported to the nozzles of each spraying device through the first, second, and third spraying pipes, forming a hollow conical liquid surface centered on the nozzle. Gas and circulating liquid contact in opposite directions; gas can only contact the conical liquid surface formed by the next layer of spraying devices after passing through it. At the instant the gas passes through the conical liquid surface, the ammonia in the gas and the acid in the liquid undergo a neutralization reaction. As the ammonia-containing gas passes through the multiple hollow conical liquid surfaces of the multiple spraying devices, it is ultimately completely neutralized by the acid in the circulating liquid. The space between the hollow conical liquid surfaces of the upper and lower spraying devices can be considered a gas rising channel. Since each section requires an independent liquid-phase circulating spraying device, the rising gas channel has a certain height. At least one (preferably all) of the first, second, and third spray pipes has its projection on the cross-section substantially coincident, meaning the projections of the nozzles (center of the cone) in each layer on the cross-section coincide. This ensures a uniform distribution of ammonia in the gas channels. If the projections of the upper and lower layer nozzles on the cross-section do not coincide, the gas channels for the rising gas are altered because the liquid surfaces of the hollow cones in the upper and lower layers are not at the same position. This can lead to uneven gas distribution between the gas channels, reducing the ammonia absorption effect.

[0077] According to one embodiment of the present invention, two nozzles whose projections substantially overlap have the same direction of spray liquid rotation. Since the spray liquid sprayed from the nozzles with overlapping projections of the two spraying devices collides downwards, the droplet states of each nozzle are different. Relatively speaking, two nozzles with overlapping projections and opposite rotation directions are more likely to break the droplets into several small droplets than two nozzles with the same rotation direction. If the droplets are too small, they are easily carried away by the gas and escape.

[0078] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, two nozzles whose projections substantially overlap have the same spray diameter.

[0079] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the vertical distance between two adjacent spraying devices (based on the vertical distance between the spray liquid inlets of the spraying devices) is 650-1350 mm (preferably 750-1200 mm). The inventors of this invention have discovered that when the vertical distance between two adjacent spraying devices is less than 650 mm, for ammonia absorption towers with the same number of spraying devices, the contact time between the rising ammonia-containing gas and the descending circulating liquid is insufficient. As a result, some ammonia in the gas phase directly passes through the hollow conical liquid surface formed by the circulating liquid, leading to a decrease in ammonia absorption efficiency. Although sufficient gas-liquid contact time can be achieved by increasing the number of spraying devices to achieve complete absorption of ammonia in the gas phase, this increases the total amount of circulating liquid and the energy consumption of the pump, which is obviously uneconomical. When the vertical distance between two adjacent spraying devices is greater than 1350 mm, with the same number of spraying devices, the tower height increases, i.e., the equipment investment cost increases, and maintenance difficulty also increases.

[0080] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the inner diameter of the absorption device is 4.5-11.5m (preferably 4.8-10.5m).

[0081] According to one embodiment of the invention, an apparatus for manufacturing nitriles is also provided, which includes a reactor and an absorption device.

[0082] According to one embodiment of the invention, the reactor is configured to cause an ammonia oxidation reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock to produce a reaction product containing nitrile, and the absorption device is configured to cool the reaction product by spraying a spraying liquid onto the reaction product through a spraying device disposed therein.

[0083] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the spraying device is the spraying device described in any of the preceding embodiments of this specification, or the absorption device is the absorption device described in any of the preceding embodiments of this specification.

[0084] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method for producing a nitrile is also provided, comprising a step of causing a hydrocarbon feedstock to undergo an ammoxidation reaction to produce a reaction product containing a nitrile (referred to as a reaction step), and a step of spraying a spraying liquid onto the reaction product to cool the reaction product (referred to as a cooling step).

[0085] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in the cooling step, the spray liquid is sprayed onto the reaction product using a spraying device described in any of the preceding embodiments of this specification or an absorption device described in any of the preceding embodiments of this specification.

[0086] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in the cooling step, the sprayed liquid and the reaction product are contacted in a countercurrent manner.

[0087] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in the cooling step, the flow rate ratio of the sprayed liquid to the reaction product is 15-25:1.

[0088] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in the reaction step, the hydrocarbon feedstock is propylene, the molar ratio of propylene / ammonia / air (based on molecular oxygen) is 1:1.1-1.3:1.8-2.0, the reaction temperature is 420-440℃, the reaction pressure (gauge pressure) is 0.03-0.14 MPa, and the catalyst weight hourly space velocity is 0.06-0.15 h⁻¹. -1 Alternatively, the hydrocarbon feedstock may be isobutylene, with a molar ratio of isobutylene / ammonia / air (based on molecular oxygen) of 1:1.3-1.6:2.2-2.8, a reaction temperature of 395-420℃, a reaction pressure (gauge pressure) of 0.03-0.14 MPa, and a catalyst weight hourly space velocity of 0.08-0.17 h⁻¹. -1 .

[0089] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in the cooling step, the sprayed liquid cools the temperature of the reaction product from 425-445°C (or 390-420°C) to 81-86°C (or 87-95°C).

[0090] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in the cooling step, the sprayed liquid reduces the ammonia content of the reaction product to below 150 ppm.

[0091] A specific embodiment of the present invention will now be described in detail by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0092] like Figure 3B As shown, according to the present invention, the reactant gas and unreacted ammonia at a temperature of 440°C enter the ammonia absorption tower 1 from the ammonia-containing gas inlet 8. The circulating liquid is drawn from the upper section and sent to the spraying devices 3a-3d via the circulating pump 6. Sulfuric acid is added to the circulating pump outlet pipeline from the acid solution inlet 15. The circulating liquid enters the spraying device 3 from the inlet 14 and flows along the fluid direction through the first spray pipe 19, the second spray pipe 20a (20b), and the third spray pipe 21 to the atomizing nozzle 22. The atomizing nozzle rotates to the left and to the right in a 1:1 ratio. The circulating liquid sprayed from the nozzle 22 forms an acid mist liquid layer in the ammonia absorption tower, absorbing the gaseous ammonia from the gas inlet 8. The tail gas is discharged from the ammonia absorption tower from the gas phase outlet 9. The tail gas temperature at the top of the tower is 84°C. The projections of the ends of the third spray pipes of spraying devices 3a-3d on the cross-section of the tower coincide. The schematic diagram of the nozzle structure and the top view of the spraying device are shown below. Figure 5A , Figure 5B As shown.

[0093] Example

[0094] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0095] Example 1

[0096] Ammonia absorption tower adopts Figure 3B The absorption tower has a two-stage structure with an inner diameter of 7200mm. The acid added to the circulating liquid is sulfuric acid. The acid-containing circulating liquid is pumped from the upper stage to the absorption tower via four spray devices. The spray devices are shown in top view as follows... Figure 5B A top-down view of the spraying device is shown below. Figure 5C As shown in the schematic diagram, each spraying device has 16 second spray pipes, and each second spray pipe has 11 to 18 third spray pipes. The projections of the third spray ends of the spraying devices overlap and rotate in the same direction. All nozzles on the same side of the second spray pipes rotate in the same direction, while the nozzles on opposite sides of the second spray pipes rotate in opposite directions. Furthermore, on opposite sides of two adjacent second spray pipes, all nozzles rotate in opposite directions, and the number of nozzles with the same rotation direction is 480 for each side. The vertical distance between two adjacent spraying devices is 950 mm; the inner diameter of the first spraying pipe of the spraying device is 250 mm, and the length of the first spraying pipe is 7000 mm; the inner diameter of the second spraying pipe of the spraying device is 100 mm, and the length of the second spraying pipe is 2100 mm-3450 mm, with a distance of 800 mm between adjacent second spraying pipes; the inner diameter of the third spraying pipe of the spraying device is 40 mm, the length of the third spraying pipe is 200 mm, and the distance between adjacent third spraying pipes is 400 mm; the nozzle outlet diameter of the spraying device is 11.5 mm, the nozzle rotation chamber diameter is 40 mm, the spraying angle is 75°, the spraying liquid output of each nozzle is 4.8 t / h, and the weight ratio of spraying liquid to reaction gas entering from the gas inlet is 20. The residual ammonia concentration in the tail gas at the reaction outlet is 41 ppm.

[0097] Example 2

[0098] Ammonia absorption tower adopts Figure 4 The absorption tower has a single-stage structure with an inner diameter of 7200mm. The acid added to the circulating liquid is sulfuric acid. The acid-containing circulating liquid is pumped into the absorption tower via an upper-stage circulating pump and five spray devices. The spray devices are as follows... Figure 5B A top-down view of the spraying device is shown below. Figure 5CAs shown in the schematic diagram, each spraying device has 16 second spray pipes, and each second spray pipe is equipped with 11 to 18 third spray pipes. The projections of the third spray ends of the spraying devices overlap and rotate in the same direction. All nozzles on the same side of the second spray pipes rotate in the same direction, while the nozzles on opposite sides of the second spray pipes rotate in opposite directions. Furthermore, on opposite sides of two adjacent second spray pipes, all nozzles rotate in opposite directions, and the number of nozzles with the same rotation direction is 600 for each side. The vertical distance between two adjacent spraying devices is 920 mm. The inner diameter of the first spraying pipe of the spraying device is 220 mm, and the length is 7000 mm. The inner diameter of the second spraying pipe is 100 mm, and the length is 2100 mm-3450 mm. The distance between adjacent second spraying pipes is 800 mm. The inner diameter of the third spraying pipe is 40 mm, and the length is 200 mm. The distance between adjacent third spraying pipes is 400 mm. The nozzle outlet diameter is 11.1 mm, the nozzle rotation chamber diameter is 40 mm, the spraying angle is 78°, the spraying liquid output of each nozzle is 3.8 t / h, and the weight ratio of spraying liquid to reaction gas entering from the gas inlet is 20. The residual ammonia concentration in the tail gas at the reaction outlet is 34 ppm.

[0099] Example 3

[0100] Similar to Example 2, except that the nozzles on opposite sides of the eight second spray pipes on each spraying device rotate in opposite directions, while the nozzles on opposite sides of the other eight second spray pipes rotate in the same direction. The residual concentration of the exhaust gas at the reaction outlet is 90 ppm.

[0101] Example 4

[0102] Similar to Example 2, the spacing between adjacent third spray pipes is 300 mm, and the distance between the ends of two adjacent third spray pipes is 300 mm as shown in Figure 6A. The residual ammonia concentration in the tail gas at the reaction outlet is 76 ppm.

[0103] Example 5

[0104] Similar to Example 2, the difference is that the two adjacent third spray pipes are as follows: Figure 6B The distance between the ends shown is 565 mm. The residual ammonia concentration in the tail gas at the reaction outlet is 105 ppm.

[0105] Example 6

[0106] Similar to Example 2, except that the vertical distance between two adjacent spraying devices is 550mm, and the distance between the third spray pipes of each spraying device is 500mm. (The last part, "two adjacent third spray pipes are like...", appears to be a separate, unrelated sentence fragment.) Figure 6B The distance between the ends is 707 mm; the residual ammonia concentration in the tail gas at the reaction outlet is 120 ppm.

[0107] Example 7

[0108] Similar to implementation 2, the difference is that all nozzles on the opposite side of the two adjacent second spray pipes rotate in the same direction. A detailed top-view drawing of the spraying device is shown below. Figure 5D As shown in the schematic diagram, the residual ammonia concentration in the tail gas at the reaction outlet is 100 ppm.

[0109] Example 8

[0110] Similar to Embodiment 2, except that the projections of all nozzles of the one spraying device and the other spraying device on the cross-section are offset (do not overlap). The residual concentration of the exhaust gas at the reaction outlet is 78 ppm.

[0111] Example 9

[0112] Similar to Example 2, the difference is that the two nozzles, whose projections essentially overlap, spray liquids in opposite directions. The residual concentration of the exhaust gas at the reaction outlet is 85 ppm.

[0113] Example 10

[0114] Similar to Example 1, except that the rotation direction of all nozzles in the spraying device is the same, and the residual ammonia concentration in the tail gas at the reaction outlet is 169 ppm.

[0115] Comparative Example 1

[0116] Similar to Example 2, except that the rotating chambers of any two adjacent nozzles located on the same side of the second spray pipe are in opposite directions. The residual ammonia concentration in the tail gas at the reaction outlet is 194 ppm.

[0117] Comparative Example 2

[0118] Similar to Example 1, the difference lies in the use of all nozzles in the spraying device. Figure 1A , Figure 1B The structure of the reaction results in a residual ammonia concentration of 212 ppm in the tail gas.

Claims

1. A spraying device comprising a spray liquid inlet, a first spray pipe in fluid communication with the spray liquid inlet, a plurality of second spray pipes in fluid communication with the first spray pipe and extending to both sides of the first spray pipe, a plurality of third spray pipes in fluid communication with the second spray pipes and extending to both sides of the second spray pipes, and a nozzle located at the end of and in fluid communication with the third spray pipes, wherein on all the second spray pipes, all nozzles located on the same side of the second spray pipes are configured such that the spray liquid is sprayed in the same direction of rotation, and on at least one second spray pipe, all nozzles located on one side of the second spray pipe are configured such that the spray liquid is sprayed in a direction of rotation A, and all nozzles located on the opposite side of the second spray pipe are configured such that the spray liquid is sprayed in a direction of rotation B, wherein the direction of rotation A is opposite to the direction of rotation B.

2. The spraying device according to claim 1, wherein, The number of second spray pipes that are in fluid communication with the first spray pipe and extend perpendicularly to both sides of the first spray pipe is 10-26, and / or the number of third spray pipes that are in fluid communication with the second spray pipe and extend perpendicularly to both sides of the second spray pipe is 4-26.

3. The spraying device according to claim 1, wherein, The number of second spray pipes that are in fluid communication with the first spray pipe and extend perpendicularly to both sides of the first spray pipe is 12-22, and / or the number of third spray pipes that are in fluid communication with the second spray pipe and extend perpendicularly to both sides of the second spray pipe is 6-22.

4. The spraying device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of second spray pipes extend horizontally in parallel directions perpendicular to the first spray pipe to their opposite sides, and / or the plurality of third spray pipes extend horizontally in parallel directions perpendicular to the second spray pipe to their opposite sides, and / or all nozzles on opposite sides of two adjacent second spray pipes are configured such that the spray liquid is sprayed out in opposite directions of rotation.

5. The spraying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the nozzle includes a nozzle inlet, a rotating chamber, and a nozzle outlet, wherein the rotating chamber is configured such that spray liquid entering from the nozzle inlet exits the nozzle outlet in a rotating manner after passing through the rotating chamber.

6. The spraying apparatus of claim 1, wherein on all the second spray pipes, all nozzles on one side of the second spray pipes are configured such that the spray liquid is sprayed in a rotational direction A, and all nozzles on the opposite side of the second spray pipes are configured such that the spray liquid is sprayed in a rotational direction B, wherein the rotational direction A is opposite to the rotational direction B.

7. The spraying device according to claim 1, wherein the rotation direction A is clockwise and the rotation direction B is counterclockwise.

8. The spraying device of claim 1, wherein, among all the nozzles of the spraying device, the number of nozzles that spray liquid in the rotation direction A is equal to the number of nozzles that spray liquid in the rotation direction B.

9. The spraying device according to claim 1, wherein the inner diameter of the first spray pipe is 160-480 mm and the length is 4500-11500 mm, and / or, the plurality of second spray pipes are the same or different from each other, each having an independent inner diameter of 30-150 mm and an independent length of 1200-5750 mm, and / or, the plurality of third spray pipes are the same or different from each other, each having an independent inner diameter of 10-60 mm and an independent length of 160-325 mm.

10. The spraying device of claim 1, wherein the inner diameter of the first spray pipe is 200-450 mm and the length is 4800-10500 mm, and / or, the plurality of second spray pipes are the same or different from each other, each having an independent inner diameter of 40-120 mm and an independent length of 1800-5250 mm, and / or, the plurality of third spray pipes are the same or different from each other, each having an independent inner diameter of 15-50 mm and an independent length of 175-300 mm.

11. The spraying device according to claim 1, wherein the nozzles are the same or different from each other, the inner diameter of the nozzle outlet is independently 3-20 mm, the diameter of the rotating chamber is independently 10.0-55.0 mm, the spraying liquid output is independently 0.5-7.5 t / h, and the spraying angle is independently 65-120°.

12. The spraying device according to claim 1, wherein the nozzles are the same or different from each other, the inner diameter of the nozzle outlet is independently 6-14 mm, the diameter of the rotating chamber is independently 13.0-45.0 mm, the spraying liquid output is independently 0.9-6.5 t / h, and the spraying angle is independently 70-100°.

13. The spraying device according to claim 1, wherein on the first spraying pipe, the horizontal distance between two adjacent second spraying pipes is 640-1300 mm, and / or, on the same second spraying pipe, the horizontal distance between two adjacent third spraying pipes is 320-650 mm, and / or, on two adjacent second spraying pipes, the straight-line distance M between the end of any third spraying pipe on one second spraying pipe and the end of any third spraying pipe on another adjacent second spraying pipe is not less than 320 mm.

14. The spraying device according to claim 1, wherein on the first spraying pipe, the horizontal distance between two adjacent second spraying pipes is 700-1200 mm, and / or, on the same second spraying pipe, the horizontal distance between two adjacent third spraying pipes is 350-600 mm, and / or, on two adjacent second spraying pipes, the straight-line distance M between the end of any third spraying pipe on one second spraying pipe and the end of any third spraying pipe on another adjacent second spraying pipe is not less than 350 mm.

15. An absorption device comprising a housing and a plurality of spraying devices arranged in layers at predetermined vertical intervals along the central axis of the absorption device inside the housing, wherein at least one of the spraying devices is the spraying device of claim 1.

16. The absorption device according to claim 15, wherein, The absorption device includes 4-8 of the spraying devices.

17. The absorption device of claim 15, comprising two spraying devices of claim 1, wherein when the absorption device is transversely cut in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the absorption device to obtain a cross section, the projection of one of the spraying devices on the cross section coincides with the projection of at least one of the other spraying devices selected from a first spray pipe, a second spray pipe, and a third spray pipe.

18. The absorption device of claim 17, wherein, The projections of the first, second, and third spray pipes of one of the spraying devices on the cross-section coincide with those of the other spraying device.

19. The absorption device of claim 17, wherein the projections of all nozzles of one of the spraying devices on the cross-section coincide with those of the other spraying device, and / or the two nozzles with the overlapping projections have the same spray liquid rotation direction, and / or the two nozzles with the overlapping projections have the same spray diameter.

20. The absorption device of claim 15, wherein the vertical distance between two adjacent spraying devices is 650-1350 mm based on the vertical distance between the spray liquid inlets of the spraying devices, and / or the inner diameter of the absorption device is 4.5-11.5 m.

21. The absorption device of claim 15, wherein the vertical distance between two adjacent spraying devices is 750-1200 mm based on the vertical distance between the spray liquid inlets of the spraying devices, and / or the inner diameter of the absorption device is 4.8-10.5 m.

22. An apparatus for producing a nitrile, comprising a reactor and an absorption device, wherein the reactor is configured to cause an ammoxidation reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock to produce a reaction product containing a nitrile, and the absorption device is configured to cool the reaction product by spraying a spray liquid onto the reaction product through a spraying device disposed therein, wherein the spraying device is the spraying device of claim 1 or the absorption device is the absorption device of claim 15.

23. A method for producing a nitrile, comprising the step of causing a hydrocarbon feedstock to undergo an ammoxidation reaction to produce a reaction product containing a nitrile, referred to as a reaction step, and the step of spraying a spraying liquid onto the reaction product to cool the reaction product, referred to as a cooling step, wherein the spraying liquid is sprayed onto the reaction product using the spraying apparatus of claim 1 or in the absorption apparatus of claim 15.

24. The manufacturing method of claim 23, wherein in the cooling step, the sprayed liquid and the reaction product are contacted in a countercurrent manner.

25. The manufacturing method of claim 23, wherein in the cooling step, the mass flow ratio of the sprayed liquid to the reaction product is 15-25:

1.

26. The manufacturing method according to claim 23, wherein in the reaction step, the hydrocarbon feedstock is propylene, the molar ratio of propylene / ammonia / air (based on molecular oxygen) is 1:1.1-1.3:1.8-2.0, the reaction temperature is 420-440°C, the reaction pressure is 0.03-0.14 MPaG, and the catalyst weight hourly space velocity is 0.06-0.15 h⁻¹. -1 Alternatively, the hydrocarbon feedstock may be isobutylene, with a molar ratio of isobutylene / ammonia / air (based on molecular oxygen) of 1:1.3-1.6:2.2-2.8, a reaction temperature of 395-420℃, a reaction pressure of 0.03-0.14 MPaG, and a catalyst weight hourly space velocity of 0.08-0.17 h⁻¹. -1 .

27. The manufacturing method of claim 23, wherein in the cooling step, the spraying liquid cools the temperature of the reaction product from 425-445°C to 81-86°C, and / or, in the cooling step, the spraying liquid reduces the ammonia content of the reaction product to below 150 ppm.

28. The manufacturing method of claim 27, wherein in the cooling step, the sprayed liquid cools the temperature of the reaction product from 390-420°C to 87-95°C.

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