A kind of pneumatic directional drilling special-shaped drill tool active combination sealing orifice device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of active combination sealing orifice devices of pneumatic directional drilling special-shaped drill tool, solves the technical problem of the difficulty of sealing orifice of pneumatic directional drilling special-shaped drill tool.The innovative way of multi-stage combination sealing and active reinforcement sealing ensures the sealing effect of orifice under the combined working condition of sliding and rotating of special-shaped drill tool, significantly improves the sealing and applicability of the orifice device of pneumatic directional drilling.Compared with the existing orifice device, the amount of coal dust leaking from the orifice device to the drilling site is significantly reduced, the working environment of the pneumatic directional drilling site is significantly improved, and the health and safety of the construction personnel are effectively guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of underground tunnel drilling in coal mines, and specifically relates to an active combination sealing orifice device for pneumatic directional drilling special-shaped drill tools. Background Technology

[0002] Pneumatic directional drilling technology for fractured and soft coal seams is a newly developed specialized technology for efficient hole formation in coal mines. It uses high-pressure air or nitrogen as the flushing medium, which is delivered through the internal channel of the drill pipe. The flushing medium drives the pneumatic screw drill to break the coal body, and a dust removal device is used to reduce the coal dust returning from the borehole.

[0003] Existing technologies have improved the slag removal efficiency of pneumatic directional drilling in soft coal seams by using special-shaped drilling tools. However, these special-shaped tools cannot be effectively sealed, which can easily lead to coal dust leakage from the orifice device to the drilling site. This can easily cause the dust concentration at the drilling site to exceed the standard, pollute the drilling environment, and threaten the health and safety of the construction personnel. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an active combination sealing device for pneumatic directional drilling non-standard drill bits, so as to solve the problem that non-standard drill bits in the prior art cannot be effectively sealed, which easily leads to excessive dust concentration in the drilling site.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A pneumatic directional drilling tool for irregularly shaped drill bit with active combined sealing orifice device, comprising a combined sealing unit and a reinforced sealing unit fixedly connected at both ends;

[0007] The combined sealing unit includes a combined sealing cylinder; the front of the combined sealing cylinder has a first coal dust outlet and a gas outlet sequentially opened from front to back; a multi-stage sealing device is provided inside the rear of the combined sealing cylinder;

[0008] The multi-stage sealing device includes a support ring, a brush-type hard sealing ring, a brush-type soft sealing ring, and a sealing barrier ring arranged sequentially from front to back;

[0009] The inner ring of the brush-type hard sealing ring is provided with a first blocking brush, and the inner ring of the brush-type soft sealing ring is provided with a second blocking brush; the diameter of the bristles of the first blocking brush is larger than the diameter of the bristles of the second blocking brush.

[0010] The enhanced sealing unit includes an enhanced sealing cylinder, with the rear end of the combined sealing cylinder fixedly connected to the front end of the enhanced sealing cylinder; a high-pressure air jet device is provided at the front of the enhanced sealing cylinder, and the nozzle of the high-pressure air jet device seals into the interior of the enhanced sealing cylinder.

[0011] The front part of the reinforced sealing cylinder is provided with a high-pressure air jet sealing ring and a reinforced sealing positioning ring from front to back; the high-pressure air jet sealing ring is located behind the nozzle of the high-pressure air jet device;

[0012] The reinforced sealing cylinder has a second coal dust discharge outlet at its rear; the reinforced sealing cylinder is also equipped with a high-pressure water spray device at its rear, and the nozzle of the high-pressure water spray device is sealed and enters the interior of the reinforced sealing cylinder.

[0013] The present invention also has the following features:

[0014] Furthermore, a positioning retaining ring is provided at the front end of the inner support ring of the combined sealing cylinder.

[0015] Furthermore, adjusting rings are provided between the support ring and the brush-type hard sealing ring, between the brush-type hard sealing ring and the brush-type soft sealing ring, and between the brush-type soft sealing ring and the sealing blocking ring.

[0016] Furthermore, the combined sealing cylinder is connected to the reinforced sealing cylinder flange; a sealing and tightening joint is provided inside the flange between the reinforced sealing cylinder and the combined sealing cylinder.

[0017] Furthermore, a first dust concentration sensor is provided on the combined sealing cylinder;

[0018] The reinforced sealing cylinder is equipped with a second dust concentration sensor.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes a control system;

[0020] The control system is connected to the first dust concentration sensor, the second dust concentration sensor, the high-pressure water spray device, and the high-pressure air jet device, respectively.

[0021] Furthermore, the bristles of both the first and second blocking brushes are made of metal.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0023] The active combined sealing orifice device for pneumatic directional drilling rigs with irregular shapes, as described in this invention, solves the technical problem of difficult orifice sealing for such rigs. Employing an innovative multi-stage combined sealing and active enhanced sealing method, it ensures effective orifice sealing under combined sliding and rotating conditions of the irregular-shaped drill bit, significantly improving the sealing performance and applicability of the pneumatic directional drilling orifice device. Compared to existing orifice devices, it substantially reduces the amount of coal dust leaking from the orifice device to the drilling site, significantly improving the working environment in pneumatic directional drilling sites and effectively protecting the health and safety of construction personnel. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the active combination sealing orifice device for pneumatic directional drilling non-standard drill bits of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the combined sealing unit structure in this invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the reinforced sealing unit structure in this invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-stage sealing device in this invention.

[0028] The meanings of the labels in the diagram are as follows:

[0029] 1. Combined sealing cylinder; 2. First coal dust outlet; 3. Gas outlet; 4. Support ring; 5. Brush-type hard sealing ring; 501. First blocking brush; 6. Brush-type soft sealing ring; 601. Second blocking brush; 7. Sealing ring; 8. Reinforced sealing cylinder; 9. High-pressure air jet device; 10. High-pressure air jet sealing ring; 11. Reinforced sealing positioning ring; 12. Second coal dust outlet; 13. High-pressure water spray device; 14. Positioning ring; 15. Adjusting ring; 16. Sealing clamping joint; 17. First dust concentration sensor; 18. Second dust concentration sensor; 19. Control system. Detailed Implementation

[0030] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all components in this invention are known in the prior art. For example, the high-pressure gas jet device uses a commonly known high-pressure gas jet device.

[0031] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments. All equivalent modifications made based on the technical solutions of this application fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] like Figure 1-4 As shown, a pneumatic directional drilling tool with an irregular shape has an active combined sealing orifice device, characterized in that it includes a combined sealing unit and a reinforced sealing unit that are fixedly connected end to end;

[0033] The combined sealing unit includes a combined sealing cylinder 1; the front of the combined sealing cylinder 1 is provided with a first coal dust outlet 2 and a gas outlet 3 from front to back; the interior of the rear of the combined sealing cylinder 1 is provided with a multi-stage sealing device;

[0034] The multi-stage sealing device includes a support ring 4, a brush-type hard sealing ring 5, a brush-type soft sealing ring 6, and a sealing barrier ring 7 arranged sequentially from front to back;

[0035] The inner ring of the brush-type hard sealing ring 5 is provided with a first blocking brush 501, and the inner ring of the brush-type soft sealing ring 6 is provided with a second blocking brush 601; the bristles of the first blocking brush 501 and the second blocking brush 601 are both made of metal, and the diameter of the bristles of the first blocking brush 501 is larger than the diameter of the bristles of the second blocking brush 601.

[0036] The reinforced sealing unit includes a reinforced sealing cylinder 8, with the rear end of the combined sealing cylinder 1 fixedly connected to the front end of the reinforced sealing cylinder 8; a high-pressure air jet device 9 is provided at the front of the reinforced sealing cylinder 8, and the nozzle of the high-pressure air jet device 9 seals into the interior of the reinforced sealing cylinder 8.

[0037] The front part of the reinforced sealing cylinder 8 is provided with a high-pressure air jet sealing ring 10 and a reinforced sealing positioning ring 11 from front to back. The high-pressure air jet sealing ring 10 is located behind the nozzle of the high-pressure air jet device 9.

[0038] The rear of the reinforced sealing cylinder 8 is provided with a second coal dust outlet 12; the rear of the reinforced sealing cylinder 8 is also provided with a high-pressure water spray device 13, and the nozzle of the high-pressure water spray device 13 is sealed into the interior of the reinforced sealing cylinder 8.

[0039] Before using this device, first pass the special-shaped drill bit through the center of the combined sealing cylinder 1, and connect the flange of the combined sealing cylinder 1 to the external orifice sleeve.

[0040] After the combined sealing cylinder 1 is connected, the reinforced sealing cylinder 8 is connected to the combined sealing cylinder 1 through the intermediate flange, and then the pneumatic directional drilling operation of the soft coal seam is carried out.

[0041] During the non-rotational sliding drilling process of the irregular-shaped drill bit, the support ring 4 straightens the irregular-shaped drill bit, maintaining a high degree of coaxiality between the irregular-shaped drill bit and the combined sealing cylinder 1. The first blocking brush 501 inside the brush-type hard sealing ring 5 deforms as the irregular-shaped drill bit slides, sealing the irregular-shaped drill bit with a spiral or prismatic profile to block large particles of coal slag. The second blocking brush 601 inside the brush-type soft sealing ring 6 deforms as the irregular-shaped drill bit slides, with a deformation capacity superior to the first blocking brush 501, thus more effectively sealing the irregular-shaped drill bit with a spiral or prismatic profile to block small and medium-sized particles of coal slag.

[0042] Among them, the sealing and blocking ring 7 is used to block the small amount of coal dust and gas-containing gas that overflows from the first blocking brush 501 and the second blocking brush 601, thereby further improving the effect of the multi-stage combined seal.

[0043] The coal dust blocked by the combined sealing unit 1 is transported to the external dust removal device through the first coal dust outlet 2 so that the coal dust returning from the orifice can be further treated for dust reduction. The coal dust blocking rate of the combined sealing unit 1 can reach 95%. The blocked gas containing methane enters the external negative pressure extraction pipeline through the gas outlet 3 to promptly remove the methane returning from the orifice.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment, a first dust concentration sensor 17 is provided on the combined sealing cylinder 1;

[0045] A second dust concentration sensor 18 is installed on the reinforced sealing cylinder 8.

[0046] In a further preferred embodiment, the combined sealing cylinder 1 is flange-connected to the reinforced sealing cylinder 8; a sealing compression joint 16 is provided inside the flange between the reinforced sealing cylinder 8 and the combined sealing cylinder 1.

[0047] A further preferred embodiment includes a control system 19;

[0048] The control system 19 is connected to the first dust concentration sensor 17, the second dust concentration sensor 18, the high-pressure water spray device 13, and the high-pressure air jet device 9, respectively.

[0049] During the rotary drilling process of the special-shaped drill bit, the drill bit shakes due to the centrifugal force of rotation. A small amount of coal dust will leak out after being blocked by the combined sealing unit 1. At this time, the first dust concentration sensor 1 monitors the concentration of the small amount of coal dust that leaks out after being blocked by the multi-stage combined sealing and transmits the concentration signal to the control system 19. When the coal dust concentration exceeds 5%, the control system 19 sends an opening control command to the high-pressure gas jet device 9. The high-pressure gas enters the nozzle of the high-pressure gas jet device 9 and is ejected at high speed. Due to the sealing and blocking effect of the high-pressure gas jet sealing ring 10, the high-pressure gas jet forms a positive pressure active seal inside the sealing and tightening joint 16 that is higher than the return air pressure at the orifice. This forces the small amount of leaked coal dust to flow back into the combined sealing cylinder 1. After multi-stage combined sealing treatment, the blocked coal dust is transported to the external dust removal device through the first coal dust outlet 2, and the blocked gas-containing gas enters the external negative pressure extraction pipeline through the second coal dust outlet 12. This can ensure that the coal dust blocking rate reaches 97%.

[0050] To further reduce the amount of coal dust leakage, a more specific implementation method is given below: The second dust concentration sensor 18 monitors the concentration of coal dust leaking out after being blocked by the positive pressure active seal and transmits the concentration signal to the control system 19. When the coal dust concentration exceeds 3%, the control system 19 sends an opening control command to the high-pressure water spray device 13. After the high-pressure water enters the high-pressure water spray device 13, it is sprayed out in a mist from the nozzle of the high-pressure water spray device 13. The water spray encapsulates the coal dust particles and settles them. The water is discharged outward in the form of coal dust wastewater through the first coal dust discharge outlet 2, thereby further reducing the amount of coal dust leakage and ensuring that the coal dust blocking rate reaches 98%.

[0051] It should be noted that the control system 19 in this invention adopts a known and commonly used control system, and the control system 19 and other components are controlled by known existing methods, without any improvement to the algorithm.

[0052] As a preferred embodiment, a positioning retaining ring 14 is provided at the front end of the support ring 4;

[0053] Adjusting rings 15 are provided between the support ring 4 and the brush-type hard sealing ring 5, between the brush-type hard sealing ring 5 and the brush-type soft sealing ring 6, and between the brush-type soft sealing ring 6 and the sealing blocking ring 7. In actual use, those skilled in the art can use adjusting rings 15 of different thicknesses according to actual needs to change the distance between two adjacent components, thereby changing the tightness between the components.

Claims

1. A pneumatic directional drilling tool for irregularly shaped drilling, characterized in that, Includes a combined sealing unit and a reinforced sealing unit with fixed connections at both ends; The combined sealing unit includes a combined sealing cylinder (1); the front of the combined sealing cylinder (1) is provided with a first coal dust outlet (2) and a gas outlet (3) from front to back; the rear of the combined sealing cylinder (1) is provided with a multi-stage sealing device; The multi-stage sealing device includes a support ring (4), a brush-type hard sealing ring (5), a brush-type soft sealing ring (6), and a sealing barrier ring (7) arranged sequentially from front to back; The inner ring of the brush-type hard sealing ring (5) is provided with a first blocking brush (501), and the inner ring of the brush-type soft sealing ring (6) is provided with a second blocking brush (601); the diameter of the bristles of the first blocking brush (501) is greater than the diameter of the bristles of the second blocking brush (601). The enhanced sealing unit includes an enhanced sealing cylinder (8), and the rear end of the combined sealing cylinder (1) is fixedly connected to the front end of the enhanced sealing cylinder (8); a high-pressure air jet device (9) is provided at the front of the enhanced sealing cylinder (8), and the nozzle of the high-pressure air jet device (9) is sealed into the interior of the enhanced sealing cylinder (8). The front part of the reinforced sealing cylinder (8) is provided with a high-pressure air jet sealing ring (10) and a reinforced sealing positioning ring (11) from front to back; the high-pressure air jet sealing ring (10) is located behind the nozzle of the high-pressure air jet device (9); The reinforced sealing cylinder (8) is provided with a second coal dust outlet (12) at the rear; the reinforced sealing cylinder (8) is also provided with a high-pressure water spray device (13) at the rear, and the nozzle of the high-pressure water spray device (13) is sealed into the interior of the reinforced sealing cylinder (8).

2. The pneumatic directional drilling tool active combination sealing orifice device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The front end of the inner support ring (4) of the combined sealing cylinder (1) is provided with a positioning retaining ring (14).

3. The pneumatic directional drilling tool active combination sealing orifice device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Adjusting rings (15) are provided between the support ring (4) and the brush-type hard sealing ring (5), between the brush-type hard sealing ring (5) and the brush-type soft sealing ring (6), and between the brush-type soft sealing ring (6) and the sealing blocking ring (7).

4. The pneumatic directional drilling tool active combination sealing orifice device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The combined sealing cylinder (1) is flange-connected to the reinforced sealing cylinder (8); a sealing compression joint (16) is provided inside the flange between the reinforced sealing cylinder (8) and the combined sealing cylinder (1).

5. The pneumatic directional drilling tool active combination sealing orifice device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The combined sealing cylinder (1) is equipped with a first dust concentration sensor (17); The reinforced sealing cylinder (8) is equipped with a second dust concentration sensor (18).

6. The pneumatic directional drilling tool active combination sealing orifice device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes the control system (19); The control system (19) is connected to the first dust concentration sensor (17), the second dust concentration sensor (18), the high-pressure water spray device (13), and the high-pressure air jet device (9), respectively.

7. The pneumatic directional drilling tool active combination sealing orifice device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bristles of the first blocking brush (501) and the second blocking brush (601) are both made of metal.

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