Tailing pond dry-type stoping process based on multi-stage belt conveyor

Abstract

The invention discloses a tailing pond dry-type stoping process based on a multistage belt conveyor, which belongs to the technical field of tailing stoping and mainly comprises the steps of tailing pond exploration, stoping area division and parameter determination, transportation and laying, stoping sequence planning and drainage facility arrangement. Based on a chute and drainage culvert drainage mode, the method comprises a first stoping area, a second stoping area and a stoping area, sand taking strips, sand taking shortcuts, in-reservoir transportation roads, belt transportation and sand excavation pit water guide and drainage pits are used, and the interior of the tailing pond is divided into zones and strips; according to the method, layered belt-by-belt sand taking is conducted on all areas in the pond through an excavator and a small transport vehicle, a belt conveying mode is adopted from the dam crest to the dam foot, materials are unloaded to a large self-unloading truck through an unloading surge bin to be transported, the stoping situation that automobile transportation cannot be conducted on a dam climbing road of the tailing pond is effectively avoided, and the stoping efficiency of the tailing pond is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tailings recovery, and in particular to a tailings pond dry recovery process based on a multi-stage belt conveyor. Background Art

[0002] In the process of mining mineral resources, a large amount of tailings will be produced, so tailings ponds exist as a necessary facility to maintain the normal production of mining enterprises. As a tailings discharge storage facility in the production process of metal mines, once a tailings pond accident such as dam breach, overtopping, seepage, transmission leakage, and dust in the reservoir area occurs, it will cause casualties, economic losses, and ecological environmental damage. Recovering tailings can effectively utilize waste slag resources, reduce environmental pollution risks, and improve resource recovery rates, providing scientific support for the sustainable development of the mining industry.

[0003] At present, there are two main methods of tailings recovery in my country: dry and wet. Among them, the more mature wet mining is carried out by sand mining ships and hydraulic sand flushing, and generally requires supporting filter press facilities; dry mining generally uses excavators and automobile transportation for recovery. However, in order to recover tailings, wet recovery requires the formation of an artificial swamp area at the tail of the tailings pond, which is more dangerous in the rainy season or when the rainfall is heavy, and the initial investment is large. The backwater in the reservoir needs to be replenished at any time, and the management and recovery operation costs are high. Therefore, dry recovery uses excavators and automobile transportation systems for recovery, which has a simpler process, low labor intensity, strong mobility, and easy safety production management, and is widely used in actual processes. However, since most of my country's tailings ponds are valley-type, some tailings ponds are restricted by terrain, the dam body of the tailings pond is high, the road to the dam is narrow, and the slope is large, which cannot meet the safety requirements of automobile transportation during dry recovery. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a tailings pond dry mining process based on a multi-stage belt conveyor to solve the problems raised by the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A tailings pond dry recovery process based on a multi-stage belt conveyor comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1: Tailings pond survey: Conduct a systematic survey on the foundation bearing strength of the tailings pond deposition beach, the storage topography in the dry area, the stability of the storage dam body and the water accumulation in the wet area to provide basic data for dry tailings recovery;

[0008] S2: According to the dry beach length requirement of the tailings pond, the tailings pond is divided into mining area I and mining area II;

[0009] S3: Transportation paving: It is divided into transportation road paving inside the reservoir and multi-level belt transportation paving on the dam surface;

[0010] The transportation road inside the reservoir is paved around the mountainside of the tailings reservoir and connected to the tailings unloading platform. According to the tailings situation, the transportation road inside the reservoir cannot meet the standard load requirements of the transport vehicles, so the method of paving iron plates is adopted to meet the vehicle load requirements;

[0011] The multi-level belt conveyor equipment on the dam surface is arranged on the dam surface. According to the dam height, mining layer height and mining time, multiple belts that meet the transportation requirements are arranged. The belt conveyor loading area is located in the center of the dam top. From the center of the unloading area in the center of the dam top to the belt unloading site, multiple downward belt conveyors are arranged in succession;

[0012] S4: The overall mining sequence is based on the principle of first inside and then outside, first up and then down, and mining in different zones, zones and layers. Mining is carried out from top to bottom in layers, with single-step mining. The height of the mechanical mining step is 2m, and the step slope angle is 1:3.

[0013] S5: Drainage facilities: drainage chutes are used for flood discharge, and the drainage system is gradually dismantled as the tailings are recovered;

[0014] S6: Repeat S3-S5 until the tailings pond is mined.

[0015] Preferably, the width of the in-warehouse transport road in S3 is 8m, and leveling equipment is used to compact the road surface.

[0016] Preferably, the multi-stage belt conveyor equipment on the dam surface in S3 has a belt conveyor loading area located in the center of the dam top, and multiple downward belt conveyors are arranged from the center of the unloading area in the center of the dam top to the belt unloading site, among which the horizontal transportation distance of the primary belt conveyor is 35m, the lifting height is 3.5m, and the horizontal transportation distance of the upward belt conveyors is 30m. The lifting height of each belt conveyor is -2.83m, -3.83 and 0m, the belt width is 1200mm, and the belt speed is 1.6m / s.

[0017] Preferably, the mining direction in S4 is combined mining, mining area I is longitudinal mining, mining area II is horizontal mining, and mining is carried out in layers from top to bottom and in single step.

[0018] Preferably, the depth of the mining pit in S4 is 2.0 m.

[0019] Preferably, the entrance of the drainage chute in S5 is 2m lower than the working face of mining zone II, and the slope between the mining working face and the chute is 1:3.5.

[0020] Preferably, the beach surface drainage in S5 is conducted by digging temporary drainage ditches with a slope of 5‰ on both sides of multiple mining strips and converging them into drainage chutes.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The dry recovery process of the tailings pond based on the multi-stage belt conveyor of the present invention can transport the tailings from the tailings pond by belts, excavators, bulldozers and dump trucks. The belt transportation is adopted to avoid the influence of the long-term load on the stability of the tailings pond dam body during the dry truck transportation.

[0023] 2. The tailings pond dry mining process based on a multi-stage belt conveyor of the present invention can be effectively applied to the mining situation where the road to the tailings pond is restricted by the terrain and automobile transportation is not possible on the road to the dam, thereby avoiding the use of wet mining and meeting the dry mining requirements of tailings ponds under different terrain conditions.

[0024] 3. The tailings pond dry mining process based on a multi-stage belt conveyor of the present invention adopts a transportation system composed of multi-stage belts to meet the requirement that the height of the tailings pond dam is gradually reduced as the mining progresses, thereby improving the efficiency of the tailings pond mining. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic plan view of the recovery process of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the recovery process of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] See also Figure 1-2 The embodiment of the present invention provides a tailings pond dry recovery process based on a multi-stage belt conveyor, comprising the following steps:

[0029] S1: Tailings pond survey: The tailings pond is currently in a state of suspension. A systematic survey is conducted on the foundation bearing capacity strength of the tailings pond deposition beach, the storage topography in the dry area, the stability of the storage dam, and the particle size composition and moisture content of the tailings in the wet area to provide basic data for dry tailings recovery;

[0030] S2: Divide the mining area and determine the parameters: According to the requirements of the dry beach length and infiltration line of the tailings pond, the mining area is divided into the 70m area in front of the dam as mining area I and the rest of the area as mining area II; According to the investigation of the tailings pond, the tailings sand in the tailings pond area mainly includes tailing medium sand, tailing silt sand, tailing silt soil, and tailing silty clay. The tailings in front of the dam have coarse particle size and good physical and mechanical properties. The belt conveyor loading area is arranged on the side of the mining area I close to the dam body;

[0031] S3: Transportation paving: It is divided into transportation road paving inside the reservoir and multi-level belt transportation paving on the dam surface;

[0032] Among them, the paving of the transport road in the reservoir: each area is mined in strips, with a strip width of 20m. A 5.0m wide tailings transport road is set in the middle of the mining strip in the mining area II, paved with steel plates to ensure the safe movement of small 10t dump trucks in the reservoir, connected to the temporary road for mining and transportation, which is considered as a double lane with a width of 8.0m and paved with steel plates. According to the transportation situation, 1-2 tailings transport roads are set in the mining II, and connected to the temporary road for mining and transportation. The layout of the transportation road can be flexibly adjusted according to the sand extraction situation;

[0033] Multi-level belt conveyor laying on the dam surface: The tailings in the reservoir are transported to the belt unloading area near the initial dam by belt conveyors. The belt conveyor loading area is located in the center of the dam top. From the center of the unloading area in the center of the dam top to the belt unloading site, 9 downward belt conveyors are arranged; from the initial dam to the dam top, there is 1# belt conveyor, the horizontal transportation distance of 1# belt conveyor is 35m, and the lifting height is 3.5m, followed by 2#-7# belt conveyors; 2#-7# belt conveyors have a horizontal transportation distance of 32m, of which 2#-9# has a lifting height of -2.83m, and 8# belt conveyors have a horizontal transportation distance of 32m and a lifting height of -3. 83m, with brakes; 9# belt conveyor horizontal transport distance is 44.35m, lifting height is 0m, belt width: B=1200mm; belt speed: V=1.6m / s; belt conveyor loading port is equipped with 3.5×3.5m loading funnel, the funnel and belt conveyor are sunken, the belt conveyor unloading area is located on the roadside at the west end of the initial dam, a 5×5m buffer ore bin is set on the ground, with a total height of 9m, a straight section of the ore bin is 1116mm, and the lower part is a 50° inverted cone trapezoid. As the mining height decreases, the transportation road in the warehouse is paved step by step with the mining layering, and the belt conveyor is also dismantled step by step, and the unloading funnel is combined with the belt conveyor at the next level.

[0034] S4: In this tailings recovery operation, the recovery direction is joint recovery, the I mining area is longitudinal recovery, and the II mining area is horizontal recovery. Vertical direction: from top to bottom, layered mining, single-step mining, mechanical recovery step height 2m, step slope angle 1:3, recovery first uses an excavator to dig a recovery pit along the recovery access road (the recovery pit depth is 2.0m, which can be determined according to the on-site conditions), and the tailings are spread on the recovery strip for drying and consolidation. The formed recovery pit takes into account the functions of temporary drainage, flood discharge and accelerating the consolidation of tailings on both sides. Horizontal direction: the same layer is first mined in the II mining area, and then in the I mining area. The main purpose is to leave enough flood control storage capacity; the backward excavation method is adopted, with the entrance of the flood discharge system as the dividing line, and two excavators are distributed on both sides of the transport device, loading at the same time. After the excavator fills the transport device, the transport device is transported to the recovery loading platform along the transport road in the reservoir, and transported from the dam top to the recovery unloading platform by belt transport, and enters the road outside the reservoir.

[0035] S5: Drainage facilities: The existing chute is used for flood discharge in the reservoir. As the sand mining elevation decreases, the drainage chute cover should be gradually opened to lower the water level in the reservoir to prevent water accumulation in the mining pit. In order to lower the shallow water level in the reservoir, the entrance of the drainage chute should be kept 2m lower than the mining working face of Zone II. The slope between the mining working face and the chute is 1:3.5. The water inlet of the mining chute is 1m higher than the bottom of the slope. Temporary drainage ditches with a slope of 5‰ are excavated on both sides of multiple mining strips to converge at the drainage chute;

[0036] S6: The mining process is repeated according to S3-S5 until the mining of the tailings pond is completed.

[0037] To sum up: the present invention provides a dry mining process for a tailings pond based on a multi-stage belt conveyor, which is based on the "chute + drainage culvert" drainage method, including mining area I and mining area II. The mining areas and blocks are divided into zones and strips within the tailings pond by using sand-taking strips, sand-taking walkways, in-pond transportation roads, belt transportation and sand-mining pit drainage pits. Excavators + small transport vehicles are used to take sand in layers and belts from each area in the pond, while belt transportation is used from the dam top to the dam foot, and the material is unloaded through a unloading buffer bin to a large dump truck for transportation, effectively solving the mining situation where the road on the dam cannot be used for automobile transportation.

[0038] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dry mining process for tailings pond based on multi-stage belt conveyor, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Tailings pond survey: Conduct a systematic survey on the foundation bearing strength of the tailings pond deposition beach, the storage topography in the dry area, the stability of the storage dam body and the water accumulation in the wet area to provide basic data for dry tailings recovery; S2: According to the dry beach length requirement of the tailings pond, the tailings pond is divided into mining area I and mining area II; S3: Transportation paving: It is divided into transportation road paving inside the reservoir and multi-level belt transportation paving on the dam surface; The transportation road inside the reservoir is paved around the mountainside of the tailings reservoir and connected to the tailings unloading platform. According to the tailings situation, the transportation road inside the reservoir cannot meet the standard load requirements of the transport vehicles, so the method of paving iron plates is adopted to meet the vehicle load requirements; The multi-level belt conveyor equipment on the dam surface is arranged on the dam surface. According to the dam height, mining layer height and mining time, multiple belts that meet the transportation requirements are arranged. The belt conveyor loading area is located in the center of the dam top. From the center of the unloading area in the center of the dam top to the belt unloading site, multiple downward belt conveyors are arranged in succession; S4: The overall mining sequence is based on the principle of first inside and then outside, first up and then down, and mining in different zones, zones and layers. Mining is carried out from top to bottom in layers, with single-step mining. The height of the mechanical mining step is 2m, and the step slope angle is 1:

3. S5: Drainage facilities: drainage chutes are used for flood discharge, and the drainage system is gradually dismantled as the tailings are recovered; S6: Repeat S3-S5 until the tailings pond is mined.

2. The dry mining process of tailings pond based on multi-stage belt conveyor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the transport road within the warehouse in S3 is 8m, and leveling equipment is used to compact the road surface.

3. The dry mining process of tailings pond based on multi-stage belt conveyor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage belt conveyor equipment on the dam surface in S3 has a belt conveyor loading area located in the center of the dam top. From the center of the unloading area in the center of the dam top to the belt unloading site, multiple downward belt conveyors are arranged. Among them, the horizontal transportation distance of the primary belt conveyor is 35m, and the lifting height is 3.5m. The horizontal transportation distance of the upward belt conveyors is 30m. The lifting height of each belt conveyor is -2.83m, -3.83 and 0m, the belt width is 1200mm, and the belt speed is 1.6m / s.

4. The dry mining process of tailings pond based on multi-stage belt conveyor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mining direction in S4 is combined mining, mining area I is longitudinal mining, mining area II is horizontal mining, layered mining from top to bottom, and single-step mining.

5. The dry mining process of tailings pond based on multi-stage belt conveyor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of the mining pit in S4 is 2.0m.

6. The tailings pond dry recovery process based on a multi-stage belt conveyor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The entrance of the drainage chute in S5 is 2m lower than the working face of mining area II, and the slope between the mining working face and the chute is 1:3.

5.

7. The tailings pond dry recovery process based on a multi-stage belt conveyor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: For the drainage of the S5 beach surface, temporary drainage ditches with a slope of 5‰ were dug on both sides of multiple mining strips and converged into the drainage chute.

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