Test device and test method for observing oil-shore interaction process of spilled oil

Abstract

The invention discloses a test device and a test method for observing an oil-shore interaction process of spilled oil. The test device comprises a water tank, a water supply system, an oil spill adding system and a detection and measurement system, an inlet section, a bank slope laying section and an outlet section are sequentially arranged in the water tank, and a river bank medium is laid on the bank slope laying section; the water supply system communicates with the inlet section to supply water flow; the spilled oil adding system is arranged close to the inlet section and used for adding oil into the water flow; the detection and measurement system is in butt joint with the water tank and comprises a flow field measurement system used for detecting a water flow field in the water tank, a water surface oil spill observation system used for detecting the state of a water surface oil film and an oil spill concentration measurement system used for measuring the oil spill adsorption amount of a river bank medium in each time period. According to the technical scheme, an oil spill event in a natural river channel can be simulated, the oil-shore interaction process of oil spill can be deeply analyzed after data are collected through the detection and measurement system, and powerful support is provided for prevention and response of the oil spill event and subsequent environmental restoration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of oil spill pollution treatment, and in particular to an experimental device and an experimental method for observing the oil-shore interaction process of an oil spill. Background Art

[0002] With the improvement of domestic navigation conditions and navigation environment, the navigation capacity of inland water bodies has been greatly improved, which will inevitably lead to a significant increase in the risk of inland oil spills. Oil spill accidents are often accompanied by a large amount of oil spilling into the water body. Due to the limited width of the water surface, the oil spill may contact the shore boundary during the water transport process, resulting in an oil-shore interaction process. This process not only affects the movement trajectory and environmental fate of the oil film, but also causes the oil spill to accumulate in the nearshore area to form a pollution belt, which has the characteristics of long residence time and wide pollution range, thus bringing great disasters to the nearshore environment. In order to protect the water environment, improve the oil spill migration theory, and improve the objectivity and accuracy of oil spill forecasts, it is necessary to study the oil-shore interaction process. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present application provides an experimental device and an experimental method for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process, aiming to solve the problem that there is a lack of research solutions for the oil spill-shore interaction process in inland water bodies in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present application proposes a test device for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process. The test device includes:

[0005] A water tank, in which an inlet section, a bank slope paving section and an outlet section are sequentially arranged, and is used to supply water flow from the inlet section to the outlet section, and the bank slope paving section is paved with river bank media;

[0006] a water supply system, connected to the inlet section, for supplying water to the water tank;

[0007] An oil spill addition system, disposed near the inlet section, for adding oil to the water flow;

[0008] A detection and measurement system is connected to the water tank, and the detection and measurement system includes a flow field measurement system for detecting the water flow field in the water tank, a water surface oil spill observation system for detecting the state of the oil film on the water surface, and an oil spill concentration measurement system for measuring the amount of oil spill adsorbed by the riverbank medium in each time period.

[0009] In some embodiments, the riverbank medium includes one or more of concrete, clay soil, and sandy soil.

[0010] In some embodiments, the laying slope of the riverbank medium is between 10° and 30°.

[0011] In some embodiments, the water supply system comprises:

[0012] A water pump, the output end of which is connected to a water supply pipe, for drawing water from a water source and delivering water to the water tank through the water supply pipe;

[0013] The flow detection unit is arranged on the water outlet of the water pump and is used for real-time detection and recording of water flow data.

[0014] In some embodiments, the oil spill addition system comprises:

[0015] Oil drum, used to store the oil to be added;

[0016] An oil pump, whose input end is connected to the oil barrel, is used to extract the oil in the oil barrel and transport it to the water flow of the water tank through the oil supply pipeline;

[0017] The oil supply controller is connected to the oil pump and is used to control the oil adding operation of the oil pump.

[0018] In some embodiments, the flow field measurement system comprises:

[0019] A first support member is disposed on one side of the water tank;

[0020] A flow field measuring instrument is installed on the supporting member. The test range of the flow field measuring instrument covers the water flow in the water tank and is used for measuring the water flow field.

[0021] In some embodiments, the surface oil spill observation system comprises:

[0022] A second support member is disposed on one side of the water tank;

[0023] A visual capture device, mounted on the second support member, for capturing images of oil spills on the water surface;

[0024] The data processing module is connected to the visual capture device and is used to receive the image data from the visual capture device and perform real-time storage, display and analysis.

[0025] In some embodiments, the oil spill concentration measurement system comprises:

[0026] A moving assembly is arranged above the water flow across both sides of the water tank;

[0027] An oil spill concentration measuring instrument is connected to the mobile component, and is used to measure the amount of oil spill adsorbed by the riverbank medium under the drive of the mobile component.

[0028] In some embodiments, the moving assembly includes a slide rail mounted between two sides of the water tank, a fixing member is slidably arranged on the slide rail, and the fixing member is connected to a driving member, and the fixing member moves back and forth between the two sides of the water tank along the slide rail under the drive of the driving member;

[0029] Wherein, the oil spill concentration measuring instrument is connected to the fixing part.

[0030] The present application also provides a test method for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process, using the test device for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process as described above, and the test method comprises:

[0031] Turn on and adjust the water supply system so that the water in the water tank flows from the inlet section to the outlet section at a preset flow rate;

[0032] Turn on the oil spill addition system and accurately add the oil spill into the water tank according to the preset addition parameters; the preset addition parameters include the preset oil spill type, oil spill addition flow rate and addition duration;

[0033] Based on the flow field measurement system, the surface oil spill observation system and the oil spill concentration measurement system, the corresponding observation data are obtained and recorded respectively;

[0034] Based on the observation data, the diffusion and migration of the oil spill in the water body and the interaction process with the riverbank media over time are analyzed and obtained.

[0035] The technical solution of this application proposes an experimental device for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process. The experimental device includes a water tank, a water supply system, an oil spill addition system and a detection and measurement system; the water tank is sequentially provided with an inlet section, a bank slope paving section and an outlet section for supplying water flow from the inlet section to the outlet section, and the bank slope paving section is paved with riverbank media; the water supply system is connected to the inlet section for supplying water flow to the water tank; the oil spill addition system is arranged close to the inlet section for adding oil to the water flow; the detection and measurement system is arranged in connection with the water tank, and the detection and measurement system includes a flow field measurement system for detecting the flow field of the water flow in the water tank, a water surface oil spill observation system for detecting the state of the oil film on the water surface, and an oil spill concentration measurement system for measuring the amount of oil spill adsorbed by the riverbank media in each time period. The technical solution of this application is to set up a water tank, a water supply system and an oil spill addition system to simulate the occurrence of oil spills in natural rivers. In the water tank, a river bank medium is also laid to simulate the contact and interaction process between the oil spill and the river bank in a real environment. A detection and measurement system is further set up. The data collected by the detection and measurement system can be used to deeply analyze the interaction process between the oil spill and the river bank, providing strong support for the prevention, response and subsequent environmental restoration of oil spills. This application also provides an experimental method for observing the interaction process between the oil spill and the river bank. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work, among which:

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of an experimental device for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of a test device for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of a water supply system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of an oil spill addition system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of a flow field measurement system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of a surface oil spill observation system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of an oil spill concentration measurement system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 8 It is a flow chart of an experimental method for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0046] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present application (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0047] It should also be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed on" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time.

[0048] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in this application are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in this field to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by this application.

[0049] See also Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 As shown, the present application proposes a test device 100 for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process. The test device includes a water tank 10, a water supply system 30, an oil spill addition system 40 and a detection and measurement system.

[0050] The water tank 10 has an inlet section 11, a bank slope paving section 12 and an outlet section 13 arranged therein in sequence, and is used to supply water to flow from the inlet section 11 to the outlet section 13. The purpose of the water tank 10 is to simulate the structural design of the river channel in the natural environment to ensure that the water flow can flow along a predetermined path. It can be understood that the plane morphology of natural river channels is often diverse and different. In order to smoothly study the oil-shore interaction law, the technical solution of this application generalizes the river channel into a straight river channel, that is, the shape of the water tank 10 proposed in this application.

[0051] When establishing the test device, the size of the water tank 10 can be further designed. For example, the length of the water tank 10 is 32m, the width is 3m and the height is 1.5m. Among them, the length of the inlet section 11 is 2m, the length of the outlet section 13 is 2m, and the length of the middle bank slope paving section 12 is 28m. In a further setting, a baffle 14 is provided at one end of the water tank 10 close to the inlet section 11, and the baffle 14 is used to prevent the water flow from the outlet section to the inlet section. The baffle 14 can be a metal baffle and can be detachably arranged. And the end of the water tank 10 close to the outlet section 13 is connected to a sewage treatment system, and the sewage treatment system can be a municipal sewage treatment system, thereby providing a strong guarantee for the treatment of polluted water bodies that may be generated after the oil spill. Through the collection, treatment and reuse functions of the sewage treatment system, the degree of oil pollution to the environment can be effectively reduced and the recycling of water resources can be realized. A riverbank medium 20 is further laid in the bank slope paving section 12 to simulate the bank slope material composition of the existing river boundary.

[0052] The water supply system 30 is connected to the inlet section 11 and is used to supply water to the water tank 10. The water supply system 30 is intended to provide a stable and controllable water flow into the water tank 10 to simulate the water flow conditions in the natural environment. The water flow rate can be adjusted to study the impact of the oil spill process on the riverbank medium 20 under different water flow conditions.

[0053] The oil spill addition system 40 is arranged near the inlet section 11 and is used to add oil to the water flow, thereby simulating a sudden oil spill in a real environment. The oil is added to the water flow of the water tank 10 in a controllable manner, wherein the oil can be selected from at least one of low viscosity oil, medium viscosity oil and high viscosity oil.

[0054] The detection and measurement system is connected to the water tank 10 and includes a flow field measurement system 50 for detecting the flow field of the water flow in the water tank 10, a water surface oil spill observation system 60 for detecting the state of the oil film on the water surface, and an oil spill concentration measurement system 70 for measuring the amount of oil spill adsorbed by the riverbank medium 20 in each time period. Among them, through real-time monitoring and measurement of the flow field of the water flow, the state of the oil film on the water surface, and the oil spill concentration of the riverbank medium 20, it can provide researchers with comprehensive and accurate data support, thereby facilitating in-depth research on the interaction mechanism between the oil spill and the riverbank medium 20, and providing a scientific basis for the prediction, prevention and control and treatment of oil spill pollution.

[0055] In summary, the technical solution of this application has built a highly simulated oil spill oil-shore interaction process simulation platform. Through this platform, researchers can gain a deep understanding of the diffusion law of oil spills in water flow, the interaction mechanism with riverbank media 20, and the dynamic change characteristics of oil film on the water surface, providing a scientific basis for formulating effective oil spill emergency response strategies and environmental restoration plans.

[0056] See also Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the riverbank medium 20 includes one or more of concrete, clay soil, clay soil containing vegetation, and sandy soil.

[0057] In this embodiment, according to the existing river channel boundary and bank slope material composition, the river channel boundary conditions are mainly divided into non-flushing boundaries controlled by mountains, hardened slope protection, etc. and flushable boundary conditions of a binary structure of clay and sandy soil. On this basis, considering the influence of vegetation, the bank slope in the water trough 10 can be generalized into three categories during specific experiments: a fully hardened river bank, a binary river bank of clay and sandy soil, and a river bank of clay and sandy soil containing vegetation.

[0058] In some embodiments, the laying slope of the riverbank medium 20 is between 10° and 30°.

[0059] It is understandable that the banks of many natural rivers have a certain slope. In this embodiment, the laying slope of the riverbank medium 20 is set between 10° and 30°, which can better simulate the riverbank morphology under these natural conditions. This helps to make the test closer to the actual situation and improve the accuracy and reliability of the simulation results.

[0060] Secondly, the size of the slope directly affects the speed and direction of the water flow. On a steeper slope, the water flow speed will increase, which will cause the oil spill to spread to the river bank and interact with it faster. On a gentler slope, the water flow speed is relatively slow, and the diffusion and transmission process of the oil spill may be slower and more complicated. Therefore, by setting different slopes, the differences in the oil spill-shore interaction process under different water flow conditions can be studied.

[0061] The above-mentioned riverbank medium 20 is laid along one side of the water tank 10. It can be understood that in the test environment, resources and costs are important factors to be considered. Laying the riverbank medium 20 requires a certain amount of material, manpower and time. Laying the medium on one side of the water tank 10 can save half of the resources and costs while still achieving the purpose of the experiment. Therefore, the test device of the present application can lay the riverbank medium 20 on one side of the water tank 10.

[0062] See also Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the water supply system 30 includes a water pump 31 and a flow detection unit 32. The output end of the water pump 31 is connected to the water supply pipe, which is used to draw water from the water source and transport it to the water tank 10 through the water supply pipe; the flow detection unit 32 is arranged on the water outlet of the regulating water pump 31, which is used to detect and record the flow data of the water flow in real time.

[0063] In this embodiment, the water pump 31 is an adjustable water pump, which can adjust its rotation speed or other adjustment mechanisms to accurately control the flow rate of the output water flow according to the test needs, thereby providing stable and controllable water flow conditions for simulating the oil spill-shore interaction process.

[0064] The flow detection unit 32 is arranged at the water outlet of the water pump 31, and its main function is to detect and record the water flow data entering the water tank 10 through the water supply pipe in real time. These data ensure the stability of the water flow during the test. Furthermore, the flow detection unit 32 can also be connected to the control system of the water pump 31 to achieve closed-loop control of the flow. That is, according to the real-time detected flow data, the speed or on / off state of the water pump 31 is automatically adjusted to keep the water flow constant or change according to a preset rule.

[0065] Therefore, the water pump 31 and the flow detection unit 32 in the water supply system 30 work together to simulate the water flow environment under different flow rates and flow conditions, providing reliable water flow condition guarantee for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process.

[0066] See also Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the oil spill addition system 40 includes an oil barrel 41, an oil pump 42 and an oil supply controller 43. The oil barrel 41 is used to store the oil to be added; the input end of the oil pump 42 is connected to the oil barrel 41, and is used to extract the oil in the oil barrel 41 and transport it to the water flow of the water tank 10 through the oil supply pipeline; the oil supply controller 43 is connected to the oil pump 42, and is used to control the addition operation of the oil pump 42.

[0067] In this embodiment, the oil barrel 41 is a container for storing the oil to be added, and its capacity and material can be selected according to the test requirements to ensure that sufficient oil can be stored and safety requirements are met. Before the test begins, the required oil needs to be injected into the oil barrel 41 and stirred, heated or diluted to ensure the uniformity and stability of the oil.

[0068] The input end of the oil pump 42 is connected to the oil barrel 41, and its main function is to extract the oil in the oil barrel 41 and transport it to the water flow of the water tank 10 through the oil supply pipeline. The flow rate and pressure of the oil pump 42 need to be adjusted according to the test requirements to ensure that the oil can be added to the water flow evenly and stably. The oil pump 42 can be a single-suction multi-stage centrifugal pump, and different types of oil are stored in different oil barrels 41.

[0069] The oil supply controller 43 is an electronic device connected to the oil pump 42, and is used to control the start, stop and flow rate regulation of the oil pump 42. By setting control parameters, such as the addition time, addition amount or addition rate, etc., the operation of the oil pump 42 can be accurately controlled.

[0070] Therefore, the oil barrel 41, oil pump 42 and oil supply controller 43 in the oil spill addition system 40 work together to achieve precise control of the storage, extraction, transportation and addition of oil. By adjusting the flow and pressure of the oil pump 42 and the control parameters of the oil supply controller 43, oil spills of different scales and intensities can be simulated, providing reliable experimental conditions for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process.

[0071] See also Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the flow field measurement system 50 includes a first support member 51 and a flow field measuring instrument 52. The first support member 51 is disposed on one side of the water tank 10; the flow field measuring instrument 52 is mounted on the support member, and the test range of the flow field measuring instrument 52 covers the water flow in the water tank 10, and is used for flow field measurement of the water flow.

[0072] In this embodiment, the main purpose of the first support member 51 is to ensure that the flow field measuring instrument 52 can be stably installed on one side of the water tank 10, wherein the first support member 51 can be a tripod. The flow field measuring instrument 52 is installed on the first support member 51, so that it can observe and measure the water flow in the water tank 10 at a fixed angle and position. The test range of the flow field measuring instrument 52 covers the water flow in the water tank 10, and can capture the water flow velocity, flow direction and other related flow field parameters at different positions and depths in the water tank 10. Therefore, the flow field measurement system 50 can achieve comprehensive and accurate measurement of the water flow field in the water tank 10 through the coordinated work of the first support member 51 and the flow field measuring instrument 52.

[0073] See also Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the water surface oil spill observation system 60 includes a second support member 61, a visual capture device 62 and a data processing module 63. The second support member 61 is arranged on one side of the water tank 10; the visual capture device 62 is installed on the second support member 61, and is used to capture the oil spill image on the water surface; the data processing module 63 is connected to the visual capture device 62, and is used to receive the image data from the visual capture device 62, and perform real-time storage, display and analysis.

[0074] In this embodiment, the purpose of the second support member 61 is to stably support the visual capture device 62, which can also be a tripod when specifically selected. The visual capture device 62 is mounted on the second support member 61, and is intended to capture dynamic oil spill images on the water surface. Among them, in order to accurately capture the oil spill image, the visual capture device 62 usually has high resolution, high sensitivity and good light adaptability. A higher performance one may also have functions such as automatic focusing, image enhancement or color correction to improve the quality and accuracy of the image. Exemplarily, the visual capture device 62 can be a high-resolution camera.

[0075] Furthermore, the data processing module 63 is connected to the visual capture device 62, and is used to receive image data from the device in real time. The received image data will be stored in the built-in memory of the data processing module 63 or in an external storage device for subsequent analysis and use. At the same time, the data processing module 63 can also have an image display function, allowing the user to intuitively view the oil spill image and observation results. Then, the data processing module 63 performs real-time analysis on the received image data, and the analysis process can be to identify the oil spill area, calculate the oil spill concentration, analyze the oil spill diffusion trend, etc.

[0076] See also Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments, the oil spill concentration measurement system 70 includes a mobile component 71 and an oil spill concentration measuring instrument 72. The mobile component 71 is arranged above the water flow across both sides of the water tank 10; the oil spill concentration measuring instrument 72 is connected to the mobile component 71, and is used to measure the amount of oil spill adsorbed by the riverbank medium 20 along the way under the drive of the mobile component 71.

[0077] In this embodiment, the moving assembly 71 is designed to span across both sides of the water tank 10 and be mounted above the water flow, so as to ensure that the measuring instrument can move along the slope direction of the riverbank medium 20 and cover a wider area.

[0078] The measuring instrument is firmly connected to the mobile component 71 to ensure that it maintains a stable measuring posture during movement. The measuring instrument is intended to measure the amount of oil spill adsorbed by the riverbank medium 20 along the way. It can be done by collecting samples of the riverbank medium 20 and using specific analytical techniques (such as spectral analysis, mass difference method, etc.) to determine the oil spill content in the sample. The measuring instrument has a real-time data recording function and can automatically record the oil spill concentration data of each measuring point. The storage of these data is conducive to subsequent data analysis, pollution assessment and formulation of treatment plans.

[0079] Furthermore, the moving assembly 71 includes a slide rail mounted between two sides of the water tank 10, a fixing member is slidably arranged on the slide rail, and the fixing member is connected to a driving member, and the fixing member moves back and forth along the slide rail under the drive of the driving member; wherein the oil spill concentration measuring instrument 72 is connected to the fixing member. Thus, a setting structure of the moving assembly 71 is proposed.

[0080] The slide rail is set between the two sides of the water tank 10, providing a stable and smooth track for the moving component 71. The fixed part is the intermediate part connecting the oil spill concentration measuring instrument 72 and the slide rail, usually with a sliding structure matching the slide rail, and can slide freely on the slide rail. The driving part is the power source that drives the fixed part to move back and forth along the slide rail. It can be a motor, a cylinder or other types of driving devices. The specific choice depends on the needs of the system and the working environment. The driving part is connected to the fixed part through a transmission mechanism (such as gears, chains, belts, etc.), and the power is transmitted to the fixed part, so that it moves according to a predetermined speed and path, and realizes precise control of the moving process, such as starting, stopping, accelerating, decelerating and positioning.

[0081] The working process of an oil spill concentration measurement system 70 is as follows: the driving part operates to drive the fixed part to move in one direction along the slide rail, and at the same time drives the oil spill concentration measuring instrument 72 to move, and when reaching the preset collection point, the oil spill concentration measuring instrument 72 collects samples of the river bank medium 20 along the way and measures the oil spill concentration therein in real time.

[0082] The present application also provides a test method for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process, using the above test device 100 for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process, see Figure 8 As shown, the test method includes:

[0083] Step S10 , starting and adjusting the water supply system 30 , so that the water in the water tank 10 flows from the inlet section 11 to the outlet section 13 at a preset flow rate.

[0084] The purpose of this step is to ensure that the water in the water tank 10 flows at a preset stable flow rate to simulate the water flow conditions of an actual river. During operation, by turning on the water supply system 30 and adjusting the control equipment such as the water pump 31, the water in the water tank 10 flows smoothly from the inlet section 11 to the outlet section 13 to achieve the preset flow rate requirement.

[0085] Step S20, turning on the oil spill addition system 40, and accurately adding the oil spill into the water tank 10 according to the preset addition parameters; the preset addition parameters include the preset oil spill type, the oil spill addition flow rate and the addition time.

[0086] The purpose of this step is to add spilled oil into the water tank 10 with precise control parameters to simulate the situation when an oil spill accident occurs. During operation, the oil spill addition system 40 is turned on, and according to the preset oil spill type (oil spill of different viscosities), oil spill addition flow rate (amount of spilled oil added per unit time) and addition duration (duration of oil spill addition), an instantaneous oil spill is artificially generated in the area above the water tank 10 near the river bank to ensure the reliability of the test results.

[0087] Step S30, based on the flow field measurement system 50, the surface oil spill observation system 60 and the oil spill concentration measurement system, corresponding observation data are respectively acquired and recorded.

[0088] The purpose of this step is to comprehensively collect data on the diffusion, migration and interaction of oil spills with the riverbank medium 20 in the water body through multiple observation and measurement systems. Specifically, the flow field measurement system 50 is used to measure and record the flow velocity, flow direction and other parameters of the water flow in the water tank 10 to understand the impact of the water flow on the diffusion and migration of oil spills. The surface oil spill observation system 60 uses cameras, image recognition technology and other means to monitor and record the distribution, concentration and other information of the surface oil spills in real time. The medium oil spill concentration measurement system measures and records the penetration, diffusion and other conditions of the oil spill in the medium within a unit interval.

[0089] Step S40: analyzing and obtaining the diffusion and migration of the oil spill in the water body and the interaction process with the riverbank medium 20 over time based on the observed data.

[0090] This step aims to quantify the key control parameters of the oil spill-shore interaction process such as the saturated adsorption of the oil film and the oil film re-release rate based on the collected data, and to analyze and derive the temporal variation of the diffusion, migration and interaction of the oil spill in the water body with the riverbank medium20.

[0091] (1) Regarding the saturated adsorption of the oil film. This can be done by collecting the oil spill concentration data of the riverbank medium at different time points. These data can be obtained by the oil spill concentration measurement system 70 in the test device. Then, using these data, the total amount of oil spill on the shore at each time point is calculated, which can be done by multiplying the oil spill concentration with the volume or area of ​​the riverbank medium to obtain the total amount of oil spill. Next, these data points are plotted on a coordinate graph, with the horizontal axis representing time and the vertical axis representing the total amount of oil spill on the shore. By connecting these points, a change curve is obtained.

[0092] By observing this curve, we can usually find the changing pattern of oil spill concentration in the riverbank medium: in the initial stage, due to the strong adsorption capacity of the riverbank medium for oil, the total amount of oil spill will rise rapidly. However, as time goes by, when the adsorption capacity of the riverbank medium reaches saturation, the rising speed of the total amount of oil spill will slow down significantly until it stabilizes. This stable value is what we call the saturated adsorption capacity of the oil film. Therefore, by comparing the curves under different test conditions, we can obtain the saturated adsorption capacity of the oil film under different conditions.

[0093] (2) Regarding the re-release rate of the oil film. Further based on the observation data obtained in step S30, the re-release rate of the oil film under different conditions is determined by a pre-established formula:

[0094]

[0095] Where: m i is the adsorption amount of the oil film on the riverbank medium at time t; is the amount of oil film adsorbed on the shore at the initial moment; k f is the re-release rate of the oil film.

[0096] It can be understood that the oil spill-shore interaction process is an oil spill adsorption and re-release process. In order to study and analyze the oil spill adsorption and re-release process of riverbank media, the kinetic equation of the oil-shore adsorption process and the kinetic equation of the oil-shore re-release process can be established in advance.

[0097] Among them, the kinetic equation of the oil-shore adsorption process was fitted using the Elovich equation, the first-order kinetic equation, the second-order kinetic equation, the internal diffusion equation, etc.:

[0098] ①Elovich equation: q t =a+blnt

[0099] ②First-order kinetic equation: ln(q e -q t )=ln(q e )-k1t

[0100] ③ Second-order kinetic equation: t / q t =1 / (k2q e 2 )+t / q e

[0101] ④Internal diffusion equation:

[0102] According to the above formula, the data of the change of the adsorption amount of the riverbank media under each experimental condition over time were fitted. After fitting, the parameters of the above equations under each experimental condition and the linear fitting correlation coefficient R were obtained. 2 The kinetic equation with the largest correlation coefficient greater than 0.7 is the kinetic equation that the oil-shore adsorption dynamic process conforms to under the experimental conditions. Therefore, the data on the change of the adsorption amount of the riverbank medium over time is further analyzed based on the kinetic equation of the oil-shore adsorption process.

[0103] Where: q t is the amount of oil spill adsorption at time t; q e is the saturated adsorption capacity; a, b, k1, k2 and k id are the adsorption rate constants, and I is the re-release rate constant.

[0104] In order to describe the relationship between the rate of oil spill re-release and time and reveal the law of oil spill re-release, the Elovich equation, the first-order kinetic equation, the second-order kinetic equation, the internal diffusion equation, etc. are also used for fitting to obtain the kinetic equation of the oil-shore re-release process:

[0105] ①Elovich equation: s t =A+Blnt

[0106] ②First-order kinetic equation: ln(s t )=ln(s max )+l1t

[0107] ③ Second-order kinetic equation: t / s t =1 / (l2·s max 2 )+t / s max

[0108] ④Internal diffusion equation:

[0109] Where: s t is the amount of oil spilled at time t; s max is the maximum release amount of oil spill; A, B, l1, l2, l id and I are the re-release rate constants.

[0110] The above equations were used to fit the data of the change of the re-release amount of riparian media over time under various typical conditions. After fitting, the parameters of the above equations under various typical conditions and the linear fitting correlation coefficient R were obtained. 2 The kinetic equation with the largest correlation coefficient greater than 0.7 is the kinetic equation that the oil-bank re-release dynamic process conforms to under the typical conditions. The data on the change of the re-release amount of the bank medium over time can be obtained by subtracting the saturated adsorption amount of the bank medium from the adsorption amount of the bank medium over time.

[0111] Among them, it is necessary to organize and analyze the data obtained by the flow field measurement system 50, the surface oil spill observation system 60 and the medium oil spill concentration measurement system; mathematical models, statistical analysis and other methods can be used to reveal the diffusion mechanism, migration path and interaction relationship of oil spill in the water body with the riverbank medium 20. Finally, according to the analysis results, prevention, response and control measures for oil spill accidents are proposed to provide a scientific basis for actual environmental protection work.

[0112] The above description is only a partial or preferred embodiment of the present application. Neither the text nor the drawings can limit the scope of protection of the present application. All equivalent structural changes made using the contents of the present application specification and drawings under the overall concept of the present application, or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An experimental device for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process, characterized in that: include: A water tank, in which an inlet section, a bank slope paving section and an outlet section are sequentially arranged, and is used to supply water flow from the inlet section to the outlet section, and the bank slope paving section is paved with river bank media; a water supply system, connected to the inlet section, for supplying water to the water tank; An oil spill addition system, disposed near the inlet section, for adding oil to the water flow; A detection and measurement system is connected to the water tank, and the detection and measurement system includes a flow field measurement system for detecting the water flow field in the water tank, a water surface oil spill observation system for detecting the state of the oil film on the water surface, and an oil spill concentration measurement system for measuring the amount of oil spill adsorbed by the riverbank medium in each time period.

2. The experimental device for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The river bank medium is one or more of concrete, clay soil and sandy soil.

3. The experimental device for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process according to claim 2, characterized in that: The laying slope of the riverbank medium is between 10° and 30°.

4. The experimental device for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water supply system comprises: A water pump, the output end of which is connected to a water supply pipe, for drawing water from a water source and delivering water to the water tank through the water supply pipe; The flow detection unit is arranged on the water outlet of the water pump and is used for real-time detection and recording of water flow data.

5. The experimental device for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil spill addition system comprises: Oil drum, used to store the oil to be added; An oil pump, whose input end is connected to the oil barrel, is used to extract the oil in the oil barrel and transport it to the water flow of the water tank through the oil supply pipeline; The oil supply controller is connected to the oil pump and is used to control the oil adding operation of the oil pump.

6. The experimental device for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow field measurement system comprises: A first support member is disposed on one side of the water tank; A flow field measuring instrument is installed on the supporting member. The test range of the flow field measuring instrument covers the water flow in the water tank and is used for measuring the water flow field.

7. The experimental device for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface oil spill observation system comprises: A second support member is disposed on one side of the water tank; A visual capture device, mounted on the second support member, for capturing images of oil spills on the water surface; The data processing module is connected to the visual capture device and is used to receive the image data from the visual capture device and perform real-time storage, display and analysis.

8. The experimental device for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil spill concentration measurement system comprises: A moving assembly is arranged above the water flow across both sides of the water tank; An oil spill concentration measuring instrument is connected to the mobile component, and is used to measure the amount of oil spill adsorbed by the riverbank medium under the drive of the mobile component.

9. The test device for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process according to claim 8, characterized in that: The moving assembly comprises a slide rail mounted between two sides of the water tank, a fixing member is slidably arranged on the slide rail, and the fixing member is connected to a driving member, and the fixing member moves back and forth between the two sides of the water tank along the slide rail under the driving of the driving member; Wherein, the oil spill concentration measuring instrument is connected to the fixing part.

10. An experimental method for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process, using the experimental device for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The test methods include: Turn on and adjust the water supply system so that the water in the water tank flows from the inlet section to the outlet section at a preset flow rate; Turn on the oil spill addition system and accurately add the oil spill into the water tank according to the preset addition parameters; the preset addition parameters include the preset oil spill type, oil spill addition flow rate and addition duration; Based on the flow field measurement system, the surface oil spill observation system and the oil spill concentration measurement system, the corresponding observation data are obtained and recorded respectively; Based on the observation data, the diffusion and migration of the oil spill in the water body and the interaction process with the riverbank media over time are analyzed and obtained.

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