A test device and test method for observing oil spill-shore interaction process

Abstract

The present application discloses an experimental device and an experimental method for observing the oil-bank interaction process of an oil spill. The experimental device includes a water tank, a water supply system, an oil spill addition system, and a detection and measurement system; an inlet section, a bank slope paving section, and an outlet section are sequentially arranged in the water tank, and the bank slope paving section is paved with riverbank media; the water supply system is connected to the inlet section to supply water flow; the oil spill addition system is arranged near the inlet section for adding oil to the water flow; the detection and measurement system is connected to the water tank and includes a flow field measurement system for detecting the flow field of the water flow in the water tank, a water surface oil spill observation system for detecting the state of the oil film on the water surface, and an oil spill concentration measurement system for measuring the amount of oil spill adsorbed by the riverbank media in each time period. The technical solution of the present application can simulate oil spill incidents in natural rivers. After collecting data through the detection and measurement system, the oil spill-bank interaction process can be deeply analyzed, providing strong support for the prevention, response, and subsequent environmental remediation of oil spill incidents.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of oil spill pollution treatment, and in particular to an experimental device and an experimental method for observing the oil-shore interaction process of an oil spill. Background Art

[0002] With improvements in domestic navigation conditions and the navigable environment, the navigability of inland waters has significantly increased, inevitably leading to a significant increase in the risk of inland oil spills. Oil spills often involve the release of large quantities of oil into the water. Due to the limited width of the water surface, spilled oil may contact the shore boundary during transport, resulting in an oil-shore interaction process. This process not only affects the trajectory and environmental fate of the oil film, but also causes the spilled oil to accumulate in the nearshore area, forming a contaminated belt with long residence times and wide contamination, thus causing significant damage to the nearshore environment. To protect the aquatic environment, improve oil spill migration theory, and enhance the objectivity and accuracy of oil spill forecasts, research on the oil-shore interaction process is necessary. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present application provides an experimental device and an experimental method for observing the oil-shore interaction process of oil spills, aiming to solve the problem that the existing technology lacks a research solution for the oil-shore interaction process of oil spills in inland water bodies.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application proposes a test device for observing the oil-shore interaction process of oil spills. The test device includes:

[0005] A water trough, wherein an inlet section, a bank slope paving section and an outlet section are sequentially arranged therein, for supplying water to flow from the inlet section to the outlet section, wherein the bank slope paving section is paved with riverbank media;

[0006] a water supply system, connected to the inlet section, for supplying water to the water tank;

[0007] an oil spill addition system, disposed near the inlet section, for adding oil to the water flow;

[0008] A detection and measurement system is connected to the water tank, and includes a flow field measurement system for detecting the water flow field in the water tank, a water surface oil spill observation system for detecting the state of the oil film on the water surface, and an oil spill concentration measurement system for measuring the amount of oil spill adsorbed by the riverbank medium in each time period.

[0009] In some embodiments, the riverbank medium includes one or more of concrete, clay soil, and sandy soil.

[0010] In some embodiments, the paving slope of the riverbank medium is between 10° and 30°.

[0011] In some embodiments, the water supply system comprises:

[0012] a water pump, the output end of which is connected to a water supply pipe, for drawing water from a water source and delivering it to the water tank through the water supply pipe;

[0013] The flow detection unit is arranged on the water outlet of the water pump and is used for detecting and recording the flow data of the water flow in real time.

[0014] In some embodiments, the oil spill addition system comprises:

[0015] Oil drum, used to store oil to be added;

[0016] an oil pump, the input end of which is connected to the oil barrel, for extracting the oil in the oil barrel and delivering it to the water flow in the water tank through the oil supply pipeline;

[0017] The oil supply controller is connected to the oil pump and is used to control the oil adding operation of the oil pump.

[0018] In some embodiments, the flow field measurement system includes:

[0019] A first support member is provided on one side of the water tank;

[0020] A flow field measuring instrument is installed on the support member. The test range of the flow field measuring instrument covers the water flow in the water tank and is used for measuring the water flow field.

[0021] In some embodiments, the surface oil spill observation system includes:

[0022] a second support member, disposed on one side of the water tank;

[0023] a visual capture device, mounted on the second support member, for capturing images of oil spills on the water surface;

[0024] The data processing module is connected to the visual capture device and is used to receive image data from the visual capture device and perform real-time storage, display and analysis.

[0025] In some embodiments, the oil spill concentration measurement system includes:

[0026] A movable assembly is erected above the water flow across both sides of the water tank;

[0027] An oil spill concentration measuring instrument is connected to the mobile component, and is used for measuring the amount of oil spill adsorbed by the riverbank medium under the drive of the mobile component.

[0028] In some embodiments, the moving assembly includes a slide rail mounted between two sides of the water tank, a fixing member is slidably provided on the slide rail, and the fixing member is connected to a driving member, and the fixing member moves back and forth between the two sides of the water tank along the slide rail under the drive of the driving member;

[0029] Wherein, the oil spill concentration measuring instrument is connected to the fixing member.

[0030] The present application also provides a test method for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process, using the test device for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process as described above, and the test method comprises:

[0031] Turn on and adjust the water supply system so that the water in the tank flows from the inlet section to the outlet section at a preset flow rate;

[0032] Turn on the oil spill addition system and accurately add the oil spill into the tank according to the preset addition parameters; the preset addition parameters include the preset oil spill type, oil spill addition flow rate and addition time;

[0033] Based on the flow field measurement system, the water surface oil spill observation system and the oil spill concentration measurement system, the corresponding observation data are obtained and recorded respectively;

[0034] Based on the observation data, the diffusion and migration of the oil spill in the water body and the interaction process with the riverbank media over time were analyzed and obtained.

[0035] The technical solution of this application proposes an experimental device for observing the oil-shore interaction process of oil spills. The experimental device includes a water tank, a water supply system, an oil spill addition system, and a detection and measurement system. The water tank is sequentially provided with an inlet section, a bank slope paving section, and an outlet section for supplying water from the inlet section to the outlet section, and the bank slope paving section is provided with riverbank media. The water supply system is connected to the inlet section for supplying water to the water tank. The oil spill addition system is provided near the inlet section for adding oil to the water flow. The detection and measurement system is provided in conjunction with the water tank and includes a flow field measurement system for detecting the flow field of the water flow in the water tank, a water surface oil spill observation system for detecting the state of the oil film on the water surface, and an oil spill concentration measurement system for measuring the amount of oil spill adsorbed by the riverbank media in each time period. The technical solution of this application simulates the occurrence of an oil spill in a natural river by setting up a water tank, a water supply system, and an oil spill addition system. Riverbank media is also laid in the water tank to simulate the contact and interaction between the oil spill and the riverbank in a real environment. Furthermore, a detection and measurement system is set up. The data collected by the detection and measurement system can be used to deeply analyze the oil spill-bank interaction process, providing strong support for oil spill prevention, response, and subsequent environmental remediation. This application also provides an experimental method for observing the oil spill-bank interaction process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive work, among which:

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of an experimental device for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a test apparatus for observing the oil-shore interaction process of an oil spill according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of a water supply system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of an oil spill addition system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of a flow field measurement system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of a surface oil spill observation system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of an oil spill concentration measurement system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of a flow chart of an experimental method for observing the oil-shore interaction process of an oil spill according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0046] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present application (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the various components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0047] It should also be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed on" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an intermediate element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element.

[0048] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in this application are for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the fact that they can be implemented by ordinary technicians in this field. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by this application.

[0049] See Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 As shown, the present application proposes a test device 100 for observing the oil-shore interaction process of oil spills. The test device includes several main parts: a water tank 10, a water supply system 30, an oil spill addition system 40, and a detection and measurement system.

[0050] The flume 10, which sequentially comprises an inlet section 11, a bank slope section 12, and an outlet section 13, is used to supply water from the inlet section 11 to the outlet section 13. The purpose of the flume 10 is to simulate the structural design of a natural river channel, ensuring that water flows along a predetermined path. Natural river channels often have diverse and varying planar morphologies. To facilitate the study of oil-bank interaction, the technical solution of this application generalizes the river channel into a straight channel, which is the shape of the flume 10 proposed in this application.

[0051] When establishing the test device, the size of the water tank 10 can be further designed. For example, the length of the water tank 10 is 32m, the width is 3m, and the height is 1.5m. Among them, the length of the inlet section 11 is 2m, the length of the outlet section 13 is 2m, and the length of the middle bank paving section 12 is 28m. In a further configuration, a baffle 14 is provided at one end of the water tank 10 near the inlet section 11. The baffle 14 is used to prevent water from flowing back from the outlet section to the inlet section. The baffle 14 can be a metal baffle and can be removably provided. In addition, the end of the water tank 10 near the outlet section 13 is connected to a sewage treatment system, which can be a municipal sewage treatment system, thereby providing a strong guarantee for the treatment of polluted water bodies that may be generated after an oil spill. Through the collection, treatment and reuse functions of the sewage treatment system, the degree of oil pollution to the environment can be effectively reduced and the recycling of water resources can be achieved. Riverbank media 20 is further laid in the bank paving section 12 to simulate the bank slope material composition of the existing river boundary.

[0052] Water supply system 30, connected to inlet section 11, supplies water to flume 10. This system is designed to provide a stable, controllable flow of water into flume 10, simulating natural flow conditions. By adjusting the flow rate, it is possible to study the impact of oil spills on riverbank media 20 under varying flow conditions.

[0053] Oil addition system 40, located near inlet section 11, is used to add oil to the water flow, thereby simulating a sudden oil spill in a real environment. Oil is added to the water flow in tank 10 in a controlled manner. The oil can be selected from at least one of low-viscosity, medium-viscosity, and high-viscosity oils.

[0054] The detection and measurement system, docked to the water tank 10, includes a flow field measurement system 50 for monitoring the flow field within the water tank 10, a surface oil spill observation system 60 for detecting the state of the oil film on the water surface, and an oil spill concentration measurement system 70 for measuring the amount of oil adsorbed by the riverbank medium 20 at different time intervals. Real-time monitoring and measurement of the flow field, the state of the oil film on the water surface, and the oil concentration of the riverbank medium 20 provide researchers with comprehensive and accurate data support, thereby facilitating in-depth research on the interaction mechanism between oil spills and the riverbank medium 20, and providing a scientific basis for the prediction, prevention, and control of oil spill pollution.

[0055] In summary, the technical solution of this application has built a highly simulated platform for simulating the oil-shore interaction process of oil spills. Through this platform, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the diffusion patterns of spilled oil in the water flow, its interaction mechanism with riverbank media, and the dynamic characteristics of the oil film on the water surface, providing a scientific basis for formulating effective oil spill emergency response strategies and environmental remediation plans.

[0056] See Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the riverbank medium 20 includes one or more of concrete, clay soil, clay soil containing vegetation, and sandy soil.

[0057] In this embodiment, according to the existing river channel boundary and bank slope material composition, the river channel boundary conditions are mainly divided into non-flushing boundaries controlled by mountains, hardened slope protection, etc. and flushable boundary conditions of the binary structure of clay and sandy soil. On this basis, considering the influence of vegetation, the bank slope in the water trough 10 can be generalized into three categories in specific experiments: fully hardened river banks, binary river banks of clay and sandy soil, and river banks of clay and sandy soil containing vegetation.

[0058] In some embodiments, the laying slope of the riverbank medium 20 is between 10° and 30°.

[0059] As is understandable, many natural riverbanks have a certain slope. Setting the slope of the riverbank medium 20 between 10° and 30° in this embodiment can better simulate the riverbank morphology under these natural conditions. This helps make the experiment more realistic and improves the accuracy and reliability of the simulation results.

[0060] Secondly, the slope directly affects the speed and direction of water flow. On steeper slopes, water flows faster, causing the oil to spread more quickly to the riverbank and interact with it. On gentler slopes, however, the water flows more slowly, and the spread and transport of the oil may be more gradual and complex. Therefore, by varying the slope, we can study the differences in the oil-bank interaction process under different flow conditions.

[0061] The aforementioned riverbank medium 20 is laid along one side of the flume 10. Understandably, in a test environment, resources and costs are important considerations. Laying the riverbank medium 20 requires a certain amount of material, manpower, and time. Laying the medium on one side of the flume 10 can save half the resources and costs while still achieving the experimental objectives. Therefore, the experimental device of this application can lay the riverbank medium 20 on one side of the flume 10.

[0062] See Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the water supply system 30 includes a water pump 31 and a flow detection unit 32. The output end of the water pump 31 is connected to the water supply pipe, which is used to draw water from the water source and transport it to the water tank 10 through the water supply pipe; the flow detection unit 32 is provided at the outlet of the regulating water pump 31, and is used to detect and record the flow data of the water flow in real time.

[0063] In this embodiment, the water pump 31 is an adjustable water pump that can adjust its rotation speed or other adjustment mechanisms to accurately control the flow rate of the output water flow according to the test needs, thereby providing stable and controllable water flow conditions for simulating the oil spill oil-shore interaction process.

[0064] The flow detection unit 32 is located at the outlet of the water pump 31. Its primary function is to detect and record, in real time, the flow rate of water entering the water tank 10 through the water supply pipe. This data ensures the stability of the water flow during the test. Furthermore, the flow detection unit 32 can be connected to the control system of the water pump 31 to achieve closed-loop flow control. Specifically, based on the real-time flow data, the speed or on / off state of the water pump 31 is automatically adjusted to maintain a constant flow rate or to vary according to a preset pattern.

[0065] Therefore, the water pump 31 and the flow detection unit 32 in the water supply system 30 work together to simulate the water flow environment under different flow rates and flow conditions, providing reliable water flow condition guarantee for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process.

[0066] See Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the oil spill addition system 40 includes an oil barrel 41, an oil pump 42, and an oil supply controller 43. The oil barrel 41 is used to store the oil to be added; the input end of the oil pump 42 is connected to the oil barrel 41, and is used to pump the oil in the oil barrel 41 and deliver it to the water flow of the water tank 10 through the oil supply pipeline; the oil supply controller 43 is connected to the oil pump 42, and is used to control the addition operation of the oil pump 42.

[0067] In this embodiment, oil drum 41 is a container for storing the added oil. Its capacity and material can be selected based on the test requirements to ensure sufficient oil storage and meet safety requirements. Before the test begins, the required oil must be poured into oil drum 41 and stirred, heated, or diluted to ensure uniformity and stability.

[0068] The input end of oil pump 42 is connected to oil drum 41. Its primary function is to pump the oil from drum 41 and deliver it to the water flow in tank 10 through the oil supply pipeline. The flow rate and pressure of oil pump 42 must be adjusted according to experimental requirements to ensure that the oil is evenly and stably added to the water flow. Oil pump 42 can be a single-suction multi-stage centrifugal pump, with different types of oil stored in different drums 41.

[0069] The oil supply controller 43 is an electronic device connected to the oil pump 42 and is used to control the start, stop, flow regulation and other operations of the oil pump 42. By setting control parameters such as the addition time, addition amount or addition rate, the operation of the oil pump 42 can be accurately controlled.

[0070] Therefore, the oil drum 41, oil pump 42, and oil supply controller 43 in the oil spill addition system 40 work together to achieve precise control over the storage, extraction, delivery, and addition of oil. By adjusting the flow rate and pressure of the oil pump 42 and the control parameters of the oil supply controller 43, oil spills of varying scales and intensities can be simulated, providing reliable experimental conditions for observing the oil-shore interaction process.

[0071] See Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the flow field measurement system 50 includes a first support member 51 and a flow field measuring instrument 52. The first support member 51 is disposed on one side of the water tank 10; the flow field measuring instrument 52 is mounted on the support member. The test range of the flow field measuring instrument 52 covers the water flow in the water tank 10 and is used to measure the flow field of the water flow.

[0072] In this embodiment, the main purpose of the first support member 51 is to ensure that the flow field measuring instrument 52 can be stably installed on one side of the water tank 10, wherein the first support member 51 can be a tripod. The flow field measuring instrument 52 is installed on the first support member 51 so that it can observe and measure the water flow in the water tank 10 at a fixed angle and position. The test range of the flow field measuring instrument 52 covers the water flow in the water tank 10 and can capture the water flow velocity, flow direction and other relevant flow field parameters at different positions and depths in the water tank 10. Therefore, the flow field measurement system 50 can achieve comprehensive and accurate measurement of the water flow field in the water tank 10 through the coordinated work of the first support member 51 and the flow field measuring instrument 52.

[0073] See Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the surface oil spill observation system 60 includes a second support member 61, a visual capture device 62, and a data processing module 63. The second support member 61 is disposed on one side of the water tank 10; the visual capture device 62 is mounted on the second support member 61 and is used to capture images of the oil spill on the water surface; the data processing module 63 is connected to the visual capture device 62 and is used to receive image data from the visual capture device 62 and perform real-time storage, display, and analysis.

[0074] In this embodiment, the purpose of the second support member 61 is to stably support the visual capture device 62, which can also be a tripod if specifically selected. The visual capture device 62 is mounted on the second support member 61 and is designed to capture dynamic images of the oil spill on the water surface. To accurately capture images of the oil spill, the visual capture device 62 typically possesses high resolution, high sensitivity, and good light adaptability. Higher-performance devices may also include features such as autofocus, image enhancement, or color correction to enhance image quality and accuracy. For example, the visual capture device 62 can be a high-resolution camera.

[0075] Furthermore, the data processing module 63 is connected to the visual capture device 62 and is configured to receive image data from the device in real time. The received image data is stored in the data processing module 63's internal memory or in an external storage device for subsequent analysis and use. The data processing module 63 also includes an image display function, allowing users to intuitively view oil spill images and observation results. The data processing module 63 then performs real-time analysis on the received image data, which can include identifying the oil spill area, calculating the oil spill concentration, and analyzing the oil spill's diffusion trends.

[0076] See Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments, the oil spill concentration measurement system 70 includes a mobile assembly 71 and an oil spill concentration meter 72. The mobile assembly 71 is mounted above the water flow, spanning both sides of the flume 10. The oil spill concentration meter 72 is connected to the mobile assembly 71 and is used to measure the amount of oil absorbed by the riverbank media 20 along the way under the drive of the mobile assembly 71.

[0077] In this embodiment, the mobile assembly 71 is designed to span both sides of the flume 10 and be mounted above the water flow, thereby ensuring that the measuring instrument can move along the slope of the riverbank medium 20 and cover a wider area.

[0078] The measuring instrument is securely connected to the mobile assembly 71 to ensure a stable measuring posture during movement. The measuring instrument is designed to measure the amount of oil spill adsorbed by the riverbank medium 20 along the route. This can be accomplished by collecting samples of the riverbank medium 20 and determining the oil spill content in the samples using specific analytical techniques (such as spectral analysis, mass difference method, etc.). The measuring instrument has a real-time data recording function that can automatically record oil spill concentration data at each measurement point. The storage of this data facilitates subsequent data analysis, pollution assessment, and the development of remediation plans.

[0079] Furthermore, the moving assembly 71 includes a slide rail mounted between two sides of the water tank 10. A fixed member is slidably mounted on the slide rail, and the fixed member is connected to a driving member. The fixed member is driven by the driving member to move back and forth along the slide rail. The oil spill concentration measuring instrument 72 is connected to the fixed member. Thus, a configuration structure of the moving assembly 71 is proposed.

[0080] The slide rail is set up between the two sides of the water tank 10, providing a stable and smooth track for the mobile component 71. The fixed part is an intermediate component connecting the oil spill concentration measuring instrument 72 and the slide rail, and usually has a sliding structure that matches the slide rail and can slide freely on the slide rail. The driving part is the power source that drives the fixed part to move back and forth along the slide rail. It can be a motor, a cylinder or other types of driving devices. The specific choice depends on the needs of the system and the working environment. The driving part is connected to the fixed part through a transmission mechanism (such as gears, chains, belts, etc.), and transmits power to the fixed part, so that it moves according to a predetermined speed and path, and realizes precise control of the movement process, such as starting, stopping, accelerating, decelerating and positioning functions.

[0081] The working process of an oil spill concentration measurement system 70 is as follows: the driving part operates to drive the fixed part to move in one direction along the slide rail, and at the same time drives the oil spill concentration measuring instrument 72 to move. When the preset collection point is reached, the oil spill concentration measuring instrument 72 collects samples of the riverbank medium 20 along the way and measures the oil spill concentration therein in real time.

[0082] The present application also provides a test method for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process, using the above test device 100 for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process, see Figure 8 As shown, the test method includes:

[0083] In step S10 , the water supply system 30 is turned on and adjusted so that the water in the water tank 10 flows from the inlet section 11 to the outlet section 13 at a preset flow rate.

[0084] This step ensures that the water in the water tank 10 flows at a predetermined steady rate, simulating the flow conditions of an actual river. During operation, by activating the water supply system 30 and adjusting control devices such as the water pump 31, the water in the water tank 10 flows smoothly from the inlet section 11 to the outlet section 13, achieving the predetermined flow rate.

[0085] In step S20 , the oil spill addition system 40 is turned on to accurately add the oil spill into the water tank 10 according to preset addition parameters; the preset addition parameters include preset oil spill type, oil spill addition flow rate and addition time.

[0086] The purpose of this step is to inject spilled oil into the water tank 10 using precisely controlled parameters, simulating the conditions of an oil spill accident. During operation, the oil injection system 40 is activated. Based on the preset oil type (oil of varying viscosities), oil injection flow rate (amount of oil injected per unit time), and injection duration (duration of oil injection), an instantaneous oil spill is artificially generated in the area above the water tank 10 near the riverbank to ensure the reliability of the test results.

[0087] In step S30, the flow field measurement system 50, the surface oil spill observation system 60 and the oil spill concentration measurement system respectively acquire and record corresponding observation data.

[0088] The purpose of this step is to comprehensively collect data on the diffusion and migration of spilled oil in the water body, as well as its interaction with the riverbank media 20, through multiple observation and measurement systems. Specifically, the flow field measurement system 50 is used to measure and record parameters such as the flow velocity and direction of the water flow in the flume 10 to understand the impact of water flow on the diffusion and migration of spilled oil. The surface oil spill observation system 60 uses cameras, image recognition technology, and other means to monitor and record the distribution and concentration of spilled oil on the water surface in real time. The medium oil spill concentration measurement system measures and records the penetration and diffusion of spilled oil in the medium at unit intervals.

[0089] Step S40: Analyze and obtain the diffusion and migration of the oil spill in the water body and the interaction process with the riverbank medium 20 over time based on the observation data.

[0090] This step aims to quantify the key control parameters of the oil spill-shore interaction process, such as the oil film saturation adsorption capacity and oil film re-release rate, based on the collected data, and to analyze and derive the temporal variation patterns of the oil spill's diffusion, migration, and interaction with the riverbank medium20 in the water body.

[0091] (1) Regarding the saturated adsorption capacity of the oil film. This can be done by collecting the oil spill concentration data of the riverbank medium at different time points. These data can be obtained by the oil spill concentration measurement system 70 in the experimental device. Then, using these data, the total amount of oil spilled on the shore at each time point can be calculated. This can be done by multiplying the oil spill concentration by the volume or area of ​​the riverbank medium to obtain the total amount of oil spilled. Next, these data points are plotted on a coordinate graph, with the horizontal axis representing time and the vertical axis representing the total amount of oil spilled on the shore. By connecting these points, a change curve is obtained.

[0092] By observing this curve, we can generally reveal the changing pattern of oil concentration in the bank media: initially, due to the bank media's strong adsorption capacity for oil, the total amount of oil spilled increases rapidly. However, over time, when the bank media's adsorption capacity reaches saturation, the rate of increase in the total amount of oil spilled slows significantly until it stabilizes. This stable value is what we call the saturated adsorption capacity of the oil film. Therefore, by comparing the curves under different experimental conditions, we can determine the saturated adsorption capacity of the oil film under different conditions.

[0093] (2) Regarding the oil film re-release rate. Further based on the observation data obtained in step S30, the oil film re-release rate under different conditions is determined by a pre-established formula:

[0094]

[0095] Where: m i is the adsorption amount of the oil film on the riverbank medium at time t; is the amount of oil film adsorbed on the shore at the initial moment; k f is the re-release rate of the oil film.

[0096] It can be understood that the oil-shore interaction process is a process of oil adsorption and re-release. In order to study and analyze the oil adsorption and re-release process of riverbank media, the kinetic equations of the oil-shore adsorption process and the oil-shore re-release process can be established in advance.

[0097] The kinetic equations of the oil-shore adsorption process were fitted using the Elovich equation, the first-order kinetic equation, the second-order kinetic equation, the internal diffusion equation, etc.:

[0098] ①Elovich equation: q t =a+blnt

[0099] ②First-order kinetic equation: ln(q e -q t )=ln(q e )-k1t

[0100] ③ Second-order kinetic equation: t / q t =1 / (k2q e 2 )+t / q e

[0101] ④ Internal diffusion equation:

[0102] According to the above formula, the data of riverbank media adsorption over time obtained under various test conditions were fitted. After fitting, the parameters of the above equations under various test conditions and the linear fitting correlation coefficient R were obtained. 2 The kinetic equation with the largest correlation coefficient greater than 0.7 is the kinetic equation that corresponds to the dynamic process of oil-shore adsorption under the experimental conditions. This kinetic equation is then used to further analyze the temporal variation of the adsorption capacity of the riverbank medium.

[0103] Where: q t is the amount of oil spill adsorption at time t; q e is the saturated adsorption capacity; a, b, k1, k2 and k id are the adsorption rate constants, and I is the re-release rate constant.

[0104] In order to describe the relationship between the re-release rate of spilled oil and time and reveal the re-release law of spilled oil, the Elovich equation, first-order kinetic equation, second-order kinetic equation, internal diffusion equation, etc. are also used to fit to obtain the kinetic equation of the oil-shore re-release process:

[0105] ①Elovich equation: s t =A+Blnt

[0106] ②First-order kinetic equation: ln(s t )=ln(s max )+l1t

[0107] ③Second-order kinetic equation: t / s t =1 / (l2·s max 2 )+t / s max

[0108] ④ Internal diffusion equation:

[0109] Where: s t is the amount of oil released at time t; s max is the maximum release volume of oil spill; A, B, l1, l2, l id and I are the release rate constants.

[0110] The above equations were used to fit the data of the change of riparian media re-release over time under various typical conditions. After fitting, the parameters of the above equations under various typical conditions and the linear fitting correlation coefficient R were obtained. 2 The kinetic equation with the largest correlation coefficient greater than 0.7 is the kinetic equation that corresponds to the dynamic process of oil-bank re-release under these typical conditions. The temporal variation of the re-release capacity of the bank media can be obtained by subtracting the temporal variation of the adsorption capacity of the bank media from the saturated adsorption capacity of the bank media.

[0111] The data acquired by the flow field measurement system 50, the surface oil spill observation system 60, and the medium oil spill concentration measurement system need to be collated and analyzed. This can be done using mathematical models, statistical analysis, and other methods to reveal the oil's diffusion mechanism in the water, its migration path, and its interaction with the riverbank media 20. Ultimately, based on the analysis results, preventive, response, and control measures for oil spills can be proposed, providing a scientific basis for practical environmental protection efforts.

[0112] The above description is only a partial or preferred embodiment of the present application. Neither the text nor the drawings can limit the scope of protection of the present application. Any equivalent structural transformation made by using the contents of the present application specification and drawings under the overall concept of the present application, or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields, is included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A test device for observing the oil-shore interaction process of oil spills, characterized in that: include: A water trough is provided with an inlet section, a bank slope paving section and an outlet section in sequence, for supplying water to flow from the inlet section to the outlet section, wherein the bank slope paving section is paved with a river bank medium, and the paving slope of the river bank medium is 10° to 30°; a water supply system, connected to the inlet section, for supplying water to the water tank to simulate water flow environments with different flow rates and flow rates; An oil spill addition system, located near the inlet section, is used to add oil to the water flow to simulate oil spills of different oil types, sizes, and intensities; A detection and measurement system is connected to the water tank, and includes a flow field measurement system for detecting the water flow field in the water tank, a water surface oil spill observation system for detecting the state of the oil film on the water surface, and an oil spill concentration measurement system for measuring the amount of oil spill adsorbed by the riverbank medium in each time period.

2. The experimental device for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The riverbank medium is one or more of concrete, clay soil and sandy soil.

3. The experimental device for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water supply system comprises: a water pump, the output end of which is connected to a water supply pipe, for drawing water from a water source and delivering it to the water tank through the water supply pipe; The flow detection unit is arranged on the water outlet of the water pump and is used for detecting and recording the flow data of the water flow in real time.

4. The experimental device for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil spill addition system comprises: Oil drum, used to store oil to be added; an oil pump, the input end of which is connected to the oil barrel, for extracting the oil in the oil barrel and delivering it to the water flow in the water tank through the oil supply pipeline; The oil supply controller is connected to the oil pump and is used to control the oil adding operation of the oil pump.

5. The experimental device for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow field measurement system comprises: A first support member is provided on one side of the water tank; A flow field measuring instrument is installed on the support member. The test range of the flow field measuring instrument covers the water flow in the water tank and is used for measuring the water flow field.

6. The experimental device for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface oil spill observation system comprises: a second support member, disposed on one side of the water tank; a visual capture device, mounted on the second support member, for capturing images of oil spills on the water surface; The data processing module is connected to the visual capture device and is used to receive image data from the visual capture device and perform real-time storage, display and analysis.

7. The experimental device for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil spill concentration measurement system comprises: A movable assembly is erected above the water flow across both sides of the water tank; An oil spill concentration measuring instrument is connected to the mobile component, and is used for measuring the amount of oil spill adsorbed by the riverbank medium under the drive of the mobile component.

8. The experimental device for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process according to claim 7, characterized in that: The moving assembly includes a slide rail mounted between two sides of the water tank, a fixing member is slidably provided on the slide rail, and the fixing member is connected to a driving member, and the fixing member moves back and forth between the two sides of the water tank along the slide rail under the drive of the driving member; Wherein, the oil spill concentration measuring instrument is connected to the fixing member.

9. A test method for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process, using the test device for observing the oil spill-shore interaction process according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: Test methods include: Turn on and adjust the water supply system so that the water in the tank flows from the inlet section to the outlet section at a preset flow rate; Turn on the oil spill addition system and accurately add the oil spill into the tank according to the preset addition parameters; the preset addition parameters include the preset oil spill type, oil spill addition flow rate and addition time; Based on the flow field measurement system, the water surface oil spill observation system and the oil spill concentration measurement system, the corresponding observation data are obtained and recorded respectively; Based on the observation data, the diffusion and migration of the oil spill in the water body and the interaction process with the riverbank media over time were analyzed and obtained.

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