Photovoltaic module automatic adjusting base and control system based on tracking sun illumination angle

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of solar photovoltaic panels, in particular to a photovoltaic module automatic adjusting base capable of tracking the sun illumination angle and a control system, two control circuits and two jacking devices are arranged, and different jacking devices are controlled through different control circuits to adjust the angle of a solar photovoltaic panel. When the detection data of the sunlight angle detection device is normal, the first control circuit is used for controlling the angle of the solar photovoltaic panel, and when the detection data is abnormal, the auxiliary control device is used for controlling the angle of the solar photovoltaic panel. Through two different control modes, it is ensured that the solar photovoltaic panel is always in the optimal angle range and does not exceed the safety range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of solar photovoltaic panels, and in particular to an automatic adjustment base and control system for photovoltaic components capable of tracking the angle of sunlight. Background Art

[0002] There are two existing ways to install solar photovoltaic panels, namely fixed installation and adjustable angle installation. Fixed solar photovoltaic panels are mostly installed on roofs or flat ground. Fixed solar photovoltaic panels generally have an optimal installation angle. Taking Beijing as an example, the optimal installation angle of fixed solar photovoltaic panels is 37.6 degrees. At this installation angle, the solar absorption efficiency and power generation efficiency are the highest. Within a certain range above and below the optimal installation angle, the solar absorption efficiency and power generation efficiency will decrease to a certain extent, but exceeding the optimal installation angle The solar absorption efficiency and power generation efficiency will drop sharply. Another installation method for solar photovoltaic panels is adjustable angle installation. The main purpose is to track the changes in the angle of sunlight to obtain the maximum sunlight absorption efficiency. The invention patent with publication number CN118331329A discloses a method for controlling the angle of the reflector of a double-glass photovoltaic panel power generation system, and establishes a solution formula for the angle between the reflector and the horizontal plane. The angle between the reflector and the horizontal plane can be calculated in real time according to the real-time measured angle of sunlight relative to the horizontal plane. The angle value between the reflector and the horizontal plane is used as the target control angle of the rotary drive motor of the reflector angle control mechanism, and the PID control method is used to control the rotary drive motor of the reflector angle control mechanism to adjust the angle of the reflector in real time. The invention patent with publication number CN118316371A discloses a photovoltaic panel angle adjustment mechanism, which realizes the flexible adjustment of the photovoltaic panel angle through the combination of the flip assembly and the support assembly, thereby realizing the rotation of the solar photovoltaic panel to track the sunlight. However, the photovoltaic panel angle adjustment assembly in the prior art does not take into account the problem of the optimal installation angle of the solar photovoltaic panel. When adjusting the angle, it is likely to exceed the safe range of the optimal adjustment angle and reach the angle range where the solar absorption efficiency and the power generation efficiency drop sharply. At present, the detection of the sunlight angle mostly adopts the altitude angle azimuth sensor, but the problem of this detection method is that if it is cloudy and the sunlight intensity is not enough, it is difficult to detect the angle of the sunlight, and with the increase of outdoor use, the dust on the sensor increases and the sensitivity decreases, resulting in inaccurate detection values.

[0003] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a photovoltaic module automatic adjustment base and control system based on the ability to track the angle of sunlight.

[0005] (II) Technical solution

[0006] The invention discloses an automatic adjustment base for a photovoltaic assembly capable of tracking the angle of sunlight, comprising a solar photovoltaic panel, a support device I, a support device II, a lifting device I, a lifting device II, and a limit device; the angle of the solar photovoltaic panel can be adjusted, a through groove is arranged at one end of the solar photovoltaic panel, a rotating shaft is installed across the through groove, the solar photovoltaic panel rotates around the rotating shaft, and the two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively connected to the support device I and the support device II.

[0007] Furthermore, the supporting device I includes a vertical rod I, the lower end of the vertical rod I is connected to the rotating disk I, the bottom end of the rotating disk I is connected to a rotating shaft I, and the rotating shaft I passes through the mounting disk I and is connected to the driving shaft of the rotating motor I at the bottom of the mounting disk I.

[0008] Furthermore, the supporting device II includes a vertical rod II, the lower end of the vertical rod II is connected to the rotating disk II, the bottom end of the rotating disk II is connected to a rotating shaft II, and the rotating shaft II passes through the mounting disk II and is connected to the driving shaft of the rotating motor II at the bottom of the mounting disk II.

[0009] Furthermore, the solar photovoltaic panel rotates in the horizontal direction under the rotation of the rotating disk I and the rotating disk II.

[0010] Further, the photovoltaic panels are initially arranged horizontally.

[0011] Furthermore, the jacking device I is arranged on the left side of the lower front end of the photovoltaic panel, and the jacking device I includes a rack I and a gear I meshing with the rack I. The direction of the rack I is perpendicular to the horizontally arranged photovoltaic panel. The gear I is provided with a jacking drive shaft I, and the jacking drive shaft I is driven by a drive motor I.

[0012] Furthermore, the jacking device II is arranged on the right side of the lower front end of the photovoltaic panel. The jacking device II includes a rack II and a gear II meshing with the rack II. The direction of the rack II is perpendicular to the horizontally arranged photovoltaic panel. The gear II is provided with a jacking drive shaft II, and the jacking drive shaft II is driven by a drive motor II.

[0013] Furthermore, a contact plate is provided at one end of the rack II facing the free end of the photovoltaic panel, one end of the contact plate is connected to the smooth surface of the rack II, and the other end of the contact plate is a free end extending into the limiting device.

[0014] Furthermore, the limiting device includes a limiting groove, the upper and lower ends of the limiting groove are arc-shaped plates, the middle is a straight plate connecting the upper and lower arc-shaped plates, and a hollow groove body is formed in the middle of the straight plates on both sides. The upper end arc-shaped plate of the limiting groove is arranged at the lower end of the photovoltaic panel but does not contact the horizontally arranged photovoltaic panel.

[0015] Furthermore, an upper limit plate and a lower limit plate are arranged inside the limit groove, the upper limit plate is arranged at the lower end of the upper arc plate, the lower limit plate is arranged at the upper end of the lower arc plate, the position of the contact plate is set in the middle of the upper and lower limit plates, an upper limit switch is arranged on the upper limit plate, and a lower limit switch is arranged on the lower limit plate.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a control system, which includes a sunlight angle detection platform, a sunlight angle detection device, and a sunlight angle data balancing system. The sunlight angle detection device detects the angle between sunlight and the horizon as the solar altitude angle α, and the balancing system sets the angle between sunlight and the horizon at noon to α. max , and set detection time T1 and T2 before sunrise to noon, and T2>T1, detect the solar altitude angle at time T1 is α1, and the solar altitude angle at time T2 is α2, then the balancing system setting should satisfy (sinα2-sinα1) / (T2-T1)=ε, and set the detection point T0 at the same time, (T2-T1)=(T1-T0)=△T, and make the relationship between the solar altitude angle α and the time T before noon satisfy Where ε and β are fixed values.

[0017] Furthermore, the control system also includes a control circuit, which controls the automatic adjustment base. The control circuit includes a first control circuit and a second control circuit. When the relationship between the solar altitude angle α and time T satisfies the set relationship in the solar angle data balancing system, the automatic adjustment base is controlled by the first control circuit.

[0018] Furthermore, the first control circuit includes a driving power supply and a switch K1, and the circuit is connected from the driving power supply output to the driving motor I of the lifting device I through the switch K1.

[0019] Furthermore, the second control circuit includes a driving power supply, a thermistor RT and a heat absorbing tube connected in parallel with the thermistor RT. The circuit is connected from the driving power supply output through the thermistor RT and the driving motor II of the lifting device II.

[0020] Furthermore, the control system also includes an auxiliary control device, which includes a pitch plate, a heat absorption tube is arranged at the upper end of the pitch plate, and both sides of the end of the pitch plate are hinged on the support rod. A slide groove is arranged at the bottom of the pitch plate, and a push rod is arranged in the slide groove. The bottom of the push rod is connected to a cylinder, one side of the push rod is connected to an auxiliary control board, and the other end of the auxiliary control board is a free end extending into the limit device.

[0021] Furthermore, a plurality of concave limiting grooves are arranged on the linear plate of the limiting device, and the auxiliary control board extends into one side of the limiting device and is clamped in the concave limiting grooves.

[0022] Further, the auxiliary control plate is at the upper end of the contact plate.

[0023] (III) Beneficial effects

[0024] The present invention sets two control circuits and two lifting devices, and controls different lifting devices through different control circuits to adjust the angle of the solar photovoltaic panel, so that when the sunlight angle detection device detects normal data, the first control circuit is used to control the angle of the solar photovoltaic panel, and when the detection data is abnormal, the auxiliary control device is used to control the angle of the solar photovoltaic panel. The two different control methods ensure that the solar photovoltaic panel is always within the optimal angle range and will not exceed the safety range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Attached Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the automatic adjustment base.

[0026] Attached Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the limit device.

[0027] Attached Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the sunlight angle detection platform.

[0028] Attached Figure 4 It is the schematic diagram of the control circuit.

[0029] Attached Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the auxiliary control device.

[0030] Attached Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a concave limiting groove.

[0031] 1-solar photovoltaic panel, 2-vertical rod Ⅰ, 3-rotating disk Ⅰ, 4-installing disk Ⅰ, 5-rotating motor Ⅰ, 6-vertical rod Ⅱ, 7-rotating disk Ⅱ, 8-installing disk Ⅱ, 9-driving motor Ⅱ, 10-rack Ⅰ, 11-gear Ⅰ, 12-lifting drive shaft Ⅰ, 13-rack Ⅱ, 14-gear Ⅱ, 15-lifting drive shaft Ⅱ, 16-limiting device, 17-contact plate, 18-limiting groove, 19-upper limit plate, 20-lower limit plate, 21-sunlight angle detection platform, 22-driving power supply, 23-switch K1, 24-thermistor RT, 25-heat absorption tube, 26-slide, 27-push rod, 28-cylinder, 29-auxiliary control board, 30-pitch plate, 31-concave limit groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] A photovoltaic assembly automatic adjustment base based on the ability to track the angle of sunlight comprises a solar photovoltaic panel (1), a support device I, a support device II, a lifting device I, a lifting device II, and a limit device; the angle of the solar photovoltaic panel can be adjusted, a through slot is arranged at one end of the solar photovoltaic panel, a rotating shaft is installed across the through slot, the solar photovoltaic panel rotates around the rotating shaft, the two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively connected to the support device I and the support device II, the support device I comprises a vertical rod I (2), the lower end of the vertical rod I is connected to a rotating disk I (3), the bottom end of the rotating disk I is connected to the rotating shaft I, the rotating shaft I passes through the mounting disk I and is connected to the driving shaft of a rotating motor I (5) at the bottom of the mounting disk I (4), the support device II comprises a vertical rod II (6), the vertical rod II (6 ) is connected to the rotating disk II (7), the bottom end of the rotating disk II is connected to the rotating shaft II, the rotating shaft II passes through the mounting disk II (8) and is connected to the driving shaft of the rotating motor II (9) at the bottom of the mounting disk II, the solar photovoltaic panel rotates in the horizontal direction under the rotation of the rotating disk I (3) and the rotating disk II (7), the photovoltaic panel is initially arranged horizontally, the lifting device I is arranged at the left side of the lower front end of the photovoltaic panel, the lifting device I includes a rack I (10) and a gear I (11) meshed with the rack I (10), the direction of the rack I (10) is perpendicular to the horizontally arranged photovoltaic panel, the gear I (11) is provided with a lifting drive shaft I (12), the lifting drive shaft I (12) is driven by the driving motor I, the lifting device II is arranged at the lower front end of the photovoltaic panel On the right side of the top, the lifting device II includes a rack II (13) and a gear II (14) meshing with the rack II (13). The direction of the rack II (13) is perpendicular to the horizontally arranged photovoltaic panel. The gear II (14) is provided with a lifting drive shaft II (15). The lifting drive shaft II (15) is driven by a driving motor II. The rack II (13) is provided with a contact plate (17) at one end facing the free end of the photovoltaic panel. One end of the contact plate (17) is connected to the smooth surface of the rack II (13). The other end of the contact plate (17) is a free end extending into the limiting device. The limiting device includes a limiting groove (18). The upper and lower ends of the limiting groove (18) are arc plates. The middle is a straight plate connecting the upper and lower arc plates. A hollow groove body is formed in the middle of the straight plates on both sides. The upper end of the limiting groove (18) is provided with a contact plate (17). The end arc plate is arranged at the lower end of the photovoltaic panel but does not contact the photovoltaic panel arranged horizontally. An upper limit plate (19) and a lower limit plate (20) are arranged inside the limit groove. The upper limit plate (19) is arranged at the lower end of the upper arc plate, and the lower limit plate (20) is arranged at the upper end of the lower arc plate. The contact plate (17) is arranged in the middle of the upper and lower limit plates. An upper limit switch is arranged on the upper limit plate, and a lower limit switch is arranged on the lower limit plate. A control system is also included. The control system includes a sunlight angle detection platform (21), a sunlight angle detection device, and a sunlight angle data balancing system. The sunlight angle detection device detects the angle between sunlight and the ground plane as the solar altitude angle α, and the balancing system sets the angle between sunlight and the ground at noon to α.max , and set detection time T1 and T2 before sunrise to noon, and T2>T1, detect the solar altitude angle at time T1 is α1, and the solar altitude angle at time T2 is α2, then the balancing system setting should satisfy (sinα2-sinα1) / (T2-T1)=ε, and set the detection point T0 at the same time, (T2-T1)=(T1-T0)=△T, and make the relationship between the solar altitude angle α and the time T before noon satisfy Where ε and β are fixed values. When it is after noon and before sunset, it is set to satisfy (sinα1-sinα2) / (T2-T1)=ε, and The control system also includes a control circuit, which controls the automatic adjustment base. The control circuit includes a first control circuit and a second control circuit. When the relationship between the solar altitude angle α and the time T satisfies the set relationship in the solar angle data balancing system, the first control circuit controls the automatic adjustment base. The first control circuit includes a driving power supply (22) and a switch K1 (23). The circuit is connected from the driving power supply output to the driving motor I of the lifting device I through the switch K1 (23). The second control circuit includes the driving power supply (22), a thermistor RT (24) and a heat absorbing tube (25) connected in parallel with the thermistor RT (24). The circuit is connected from the driving power supply output to the driving motor I of the lifting device I through the thermistor RT (24). The control system further comprises an auxiliary control device, the auxiliary control device comprising a pitch plate (30), a heat absorption pipe (25) being arranged at the upper end of the pitch plate (30), the ends of the pitch plate (30) being hinged on the support rods at both sides, a slide groove (26) being arranged at the bottom of the pitch plate, a push rod (27) being arranged in the slide groove, a cylinder (28) being connected to the bottom of the push rod, one side of the push rod (27) being connected to an auxiliary control plate (29), the other end of the auxiliary control plate (29) being a free end extending into the limit device, a plurality of concave limit grooves (31) being arranged on the linear plate of the limit device, one side of the auxiliary control plate extending into the limit device being clamped in the concave limit groove (31), and the auxiliary control plate being at the upper end of the contact plate.

[0034] The working process of the present invention is as follows: when the relationship between the solar altitude angle α and the time T satisfies the set relationship in the sunlight angle data balancing system, the first control circuit controls the automatic adjustment base, that is, the pitch plate is set to be horizontal at this time, and the thermistor RT of the second control circuit is disconnected due to the temperature being insufficient and the resistance being infinite. At this time, the first control circuit controls the driving motor I to drive the lifting device I to lift the solar photovoltaic panel to a lifting angle, and the lifting angle is the same as the detected solar altitude angle α. When the solar altitude angle α is reached, the control device disconnects the first control circuit through the switch K1.

[0035] When it is detected that the lifting angle exceeds the safety range of the optimal adjustment angle, the first control circuit is disconnected by the control device through the switch K1.

[0036] When the relationship between the solar altitude angle α and time T does not satisfy the set relationship in the sunlight angle data balancing system, the first control circuit is disconnected, and the control cylinder pushes the push rod to change the angle of the pitch plate to face the sunlight, and the auxiliary control board moves in the concave limit groove. When the temperature reaches the point where the resistance of the thermistor RT becomes extremely small, the second control circuit is opened. At this time, the auxiliary control board stops in the corresponding concave limit groove, and the second control circuit controls the lifting device II to lift the solar photovoltaic panel. When the contact plate rises in the limit groove and hits the auxiliary control board, the driving power of the second control circuit is disconnected, and the angle of the solar photovoltaic panel is adjusted by continuously adjusting the angle of the pitch plate in the auxiliary control device.

[0037] When the final contact plate rises or falls in the limit groove and hits the upper and lower limit plates, the driving power supply of the second control circuit is also disconnected, which proves that the lifting angle of the solar photovoltaic panel exceeds the safe range of the optimal adjustment angle.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic assembly automatic adjustment base based on tracking the angle of sunlight, comprising a solar photovoltaic panel, a supporting device I, a supporting device II, a lifting device I, a lifting device II, and a limiting device; the angle of the solar photovoltaic panel can be adjusted, a through slot is provided at one end of the solar photovoltaic panel, a rotating shaft is installed across the through slot, the solar photovoltaic panel rotates around the rotating shaft, and the two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively connected to the supporting device I and the supporting device II, the supporting device I comprises a vertical rod I, the lower end of the vertical rod I is connected to the rotating disk I, the bottom end of the rotating disk I is connected to the rotating shaft I, the rotating shaft I passes through the mounting disk I and is connected to the driving shaft of the rotating motor I at the bottom of the mounting disk I, the supporting device II comprises a vertical rod II, the lower end of the vertical rod II is connected to the rotating disk II, the bottom end of the rotating disk II is connected to the rotating shaft II, the rotating shaft II passes through the mounting disk II and is connected to the driving shaft of the rotating motor II at the bottom of the mounting disk II.

2. The photovoltaic module automatic adjustment base based on tracking the sunlight angle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The solar photovoltaic panel rotates in the horizontal direction under the rotation of the rotating disk I and the rotating disk II, and the photovoltaic panel is initially arranged horizontally.

3. The photovoltaic module automatic adjustment base based on tracking the sunlight angle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The lifting device I is arranged on the left side of the lower front end of the photovoltaic panel. The lifting device I includes a rack I and a gear I meshing with the rack I. The direction of the rack I is perpendicular to the horizontally arranged photovoltaic panel. The gear I is provided with a lifting drive shaft I, and the lifting drive shaft I is driven by a drive motor I.

4. The photovoltaic assembly automatic adjustment base based on tracking the angle of sunlight according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting device II is arranged on the right side of the lower front end of the photovoltaic panel. The lifting device II includes a rack II and a gear II meshing with the rack II. The direction of the rack II is perpendicular to the horizontally arranged photovoltaic panel. The gear II is provided with a lifting drive shaft II. The lifting drive shaft II is driven by a driving motor II. A contact plate is arranged at one end of the rack II facing the free end of the photovoltaic panel. One end of the contact plate is connected to the smooth surface of the rack II, and the other end of the contact plate is a free end extending into the limit device.

5. The photovoltaic assembly automatic adjustment base based on tracking the angle of sunlight according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limit device includes a limit groove, the upper and lower ends of the limit groove are arc-shaped plates, and the middle is a straight plate connecting the upper and lower arc-shaped plates. A hollow groove body is formed in the middle of the straight plates on both sides. The upper arc-shaped plate of the limit groove is arranged at the lower end of the photovoltaic panel but does not contact the horizontally arranged photovoltaic panel. An upper limit plate and a lower limit plate are arranged inside the limit groove. The upper limit plate is arranged at the lower end of the upper arc-shaped plate, and the lower limit plate is arranged at the upper end of the lower arc-shaped plate. The position of the contact plate is set in the middle of the upper and lower limit plates. An upper limit switch is arranged on the upper limit plate, and a lower limit switch is arranged on the lower limit plate.

6. A control system for controlling the photovoltaic module automatic adjustment base capable of tracking the sunlight angle as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, the control system comprising a sunlight angle detection platform, a sunlight angle detection device and a sunlight angle data balancing system, the sunlight angle detection device detects the angle between sunlight and the horizon as the solar altitude angle α, and the balancing system sets the angle between sunlight and the horizon at noon as α max , and set detection time T1 and T2 before sunrise to noon, and T2>T1, detect the solar altitude angle at time T1 is α1, and the solar altitude angle at time T2 is α2, then the balancing system setting should satisfy (sinα2-sinα1) / (T2-T1)=ε, and at the same time set the detection point T0, (T2-T1)=(T1-T0)=△T, and at the same time make the relationship between the solar altitude angle α and the time T before noon satisfy the formula.

7. The control system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The control system also includes a control circuit, which controls the automatic adjustment base. The control circuit includes a first control circuit and a second control circuit. When the relationship between the solar altitude angle α and time T meets the set relationship in the sunlight angle data balancing system, the first control circuit controls the automatic adjustment base.

8. The control system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first control circuit includes a driving power supply and a switch K1, and the circuit is connected from the driving power supply output to the driving motor I of the lifting device I through the switch K1. The second control circuit includes a driving power supply, a thermistor RT, and a heat absorption tube connected in parallel with the thermistor RT. The circuit is connected from the driving power supply output to the thermistor RT and the driving motor II of the lifting device II.

9. The control system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The control system also includes an auxiliary control device, which includes a pitch plate, a heat absorption tube arranged at the upper end of the pitch plate, the ends of the pitch plate are hinged on both sides of the support rod, a slide groove is arranged at the bottom of the pitch plate, a push rod is arranged in the slide groove, a cylinder is connected to the bottom of the push rod, one side of the push rod is connected to an auxiliary control board, the other end of the auxiliary control board is a free end extending into the limit device, a plurality of concave limit grooves are arranged on the straight plate of the limit device, one side of the auxiliary control board extending into the limit device is stuck in the concave limit groove, and the auxiliary control board is at the upper end of the contact plate.

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