Herbicide composition for controlling weeds

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to herbicide compositions and methods for controlling weeds. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a herbicide composition that is substantially clear and colorless while providing effective weed control. The herbicide composition may contain from about 5% to about 12.5% sodium lauryl sulfate by weight of the herbicide composition; an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of corn mint oil, peppermint oil, spearmint oil, citionella oil, and combinations thereof; and from about 70% to about 85% water by weight of the herbicide composition. The herbicide composition may have a pH of from about 2.0 to about 5.0, a turbidity of less than about 20 NTU, and a b * value of from about 0 to about 5.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a herbicide composition and method for controlling weeds. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a herbicide composition that is substantially clear and colorless, yet stable and effective in controlling weeds. Background Art

[0002] The market for herbicide control products continues to grow due to factors such as the increase in home food gardening and the need to keep lawns, flower beds, etc. looking neat and attractive. At the same time, consumer demand for natural and non-toxic herbicide products continues to increase. Consumers also prefer herbicide products that contain a limited number of ingredients and / or identifiable ingredients, as conveyed by simpler ingredient statements. However, these products are still expected to be effective and efficient in controlling weeds compared to traditional chemical herbicide products.

[0003] Existing herbicide products contain natural ingredients such as plant essential oils. However, these existing products have many disadvantages: some products may be unstable or separate into multiple phases at low temperatures (i.e., approximately 5°C to 10°C) and require the user to shake the product vigorously before use. Other products do not provide an optimal fragrance experience, for example, emitting a persistent, unpleasant odor, and / or do not provide an optimal aesthetic, for example, appearing cloudy or turbid and / or discolored. Still other products may leave stains or residues on outdoor surfaces when used on driveways, patios, sidewalks, etc. Therefore, there is a need for an effective herbicide composition that contains fewer and / or natural ingredients, is stable at low temperatures, provides improved aesthetics, and / or provides an improved fragrance experience. Summary of the invention

[0004] A herbicide composition comprising: (a) from about 5% to about 12.5% ​​sodium lauryl sulfate, by weight of the herbicide composition; (b) an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of corn mint oil, peppermint oil, spearmint oil, citronella oil, and combinations thereof; and (c) from about 70% to about 85% water, by weight of the herbicide composition; wherein the herbicide composition has a turbidity of less than about 20 NTU and a b* value of from about 0 to about 5.

[0005] A herbicide composition comprising: (a) about 5% to about 12.5% ​​sodium lauryl sulfate, based on the weight of the composition; (b) about 3% to about 10% of an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of corn mint oil, peppermint oil, and combinations thereof; (c) about 0% to about 3% of a solvent selected from the group consisting of isopropyl alcohol, isopropyl myristate, ethyl lactate, butyl lactate, glycerol, propylene carbonate, and combinations thereof, based on the weight of the herbicide composition; and (d) about 70% to about 90% water, based on the weight of the herbicide composition; wherein the composition has a turbidity of less than about 20 NTU and a b* value of about 0 to about 5.

[0006] A herbicide composition comprising: (a) from about 5% to about 12.5% ​​sodium lauryl sulfate, by weight of the herbicide composition; (b) from about 3% to less than about 8% spearmint oil, by weight of the herbicide composition; (c) from about 0% to about 3%, preferably from about 0.01% to about 3%, by weight of the herbicide composition, of a solvent selected from the group consisting of isopropyl alcohol, isopropyl myristate, ethyl lactate, butyl lactate, butyl stearate, glycerin, and combinations thereof; and (d) from about 70% to about 85%, by weight of the herbicide composition, of water; wherein the composition has a turbidity of less than about 20 NTU and a b* value of from about 0 to about 5.

[0007] A herbicide composition comprising: (a) from about 5% to about 12.5% ​​sodium lauryl sulfate, by weight of the herbicide composition; (b) from about 3% to less than about 5% citronella oil, by weight of the herbicide composition; (c) from about 0% to about 3%, preferably from about 0.01% to about 3%, by weight of the herbicide composition, of a solvent selected from the group consisting of isopropyl alcohol, isopropyl myristate, ethyl lactate, butyl lactate, butyl stearate, glycerin, and combinations thereof; and (d) from about 70% to about 85%, by weight of the herbicide composition, of water; wherein the composition has a turbidity of less than about 20 NTU and a b* value of about 0 to about 5.

[0008] A herbicide composition comprising: (a) about 5% to about 12.5% ​​sodium lauryl sulfate, based on the weight of the herbicide composition; (b) an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of menthol, menthone, citronellol, citronellal, geraniol, limonene, carvone, pinene, and combinations thereof; and (c) about 70% to about 85% water, based on the weight of the herbicide composition; wherein the herbicide composition comprises about 0% to about 3% by weight VOCs; wherein the herbicide composition has a pH of about 2.0 to about 5.0, a turbidity of less than about 20 NTU, and a b* value of about 0 to about 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0009] Consumers are looking for effective and natural methods to kill and control a variety of weeds. However, current natural herbicides are often unstable at low temperatures and / or provide an unpleasant consumer experience, such as requiring consumers to shake the product before use and / or appear to change color. A substantially clear and colorless aqueous herbicide composition is described herein, the aqueous herbicide composition comprising one or more plant essential oils and / or one or more plant essential oil components, the aqueous herbicide composition being stable, yet still effective in killing weeds, and having a low VOC level (i.e., less than about 3% VOC). On the one hand, "stable" can refer to a substantially clear and phase-free herbicide composition, wherein no stirring or mixing is required when the herbicide composition is used for its application.

[0010] The features and beneficial effects of various embodiments of the present invention will become apparent from the following description, which includes examples of specific embodiments intended to give a broad representation of the present invention. From this description and from the practice of the present invention, various modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The scope is not intended to be limited to the specific forms disclosed, and the present invention encompasses all modifications, equivalents, and alternative alternatives that fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the claims.

[0011] As used herein, articles such as "a" and "an" when used in a claim are understood to mean one or more of what is claimed or described.

[0012] As used herein, "contacting" means treating, applying, spraying, wetting, soaking, pouring, impregnating, immersing, showering, wiping, smearing, spreading, splashing, applying any weeds, weed parts, etc. that need to be killed, removed, destroyed, defoliated, destroyed, eradicated, eliminated, etc., with the herbicide composition described herein.

[0013] As used herein, "effective amount" refers to an amount of the herbicide composition that is significantly effective in killing, removing, destroying, defoliating, destroying, eradicating, eliminating, etc. weeds when the weeds are contacted with the herbicide composition.

[0014] As used herein, "herbicide" refers to those compositions, compounds, components, ingredients, materials, etc. that are effective for killing, removing, destroying, defoliating, destroying, eradicating, eliminating, and the like weeds, as well as for retarding, regulating, inhibiting, preventing the growth of such weeds, etc.

[0015] As used herein, the terms "including," "comprising," and "containing" are intended to be non-limiting.

[0016] As used herein, the term "natural oil" refers to oils that are derived from plant or algae matter. Natural oils are not based on kerosene or other fossil fuels.

[0017] As used herein, "non-staining" refers to those embodiments of the herbicidal compositions of the present disclosure that can impart minimal or no discoloration when applied to contact, treat weeds, etc., outdoor surfaces such as slate, concrete, asphalt, pavers, stone, wood, and / or metal sidewalks, etc. In some cases, these non-staining embodiments can impart a slightly non-staining residue, film, etc., which can remain after the applied herbicidal composition dries and can be easily removed after rinsing, washing, soaking, etc., such as with water, rainwater, other aqueous liquids, etc. Some embodiments of the herbicidal compositions described herein can be non-staining.

[0018] As used herein, "substantially free" or "substantially free" refers to a component being completely absent or having only a minimal amount of the component as an impurity or unintended byproduct of another component. A composition "substantially free / having" a component means that the composition comprises less than about 0.5%, less than about 0.25%, less than about 0.1%, less than about 0.05%, or even less than about 0.01% of the component by weight of the composition.

[0019] As used herein, "weeds" refers to the common meaning of the term, such as any herbaceous plant, vegetation, foliage, grass, etc., which is considered to be undesirable or undesirable, for example, considered to be an obstruction to the ground, to hinder, hinder, inhibit the growth of plants, vegetation, foliage, grass, etc. that are considered to be desirable or more desirable, etc. Weeds against which the herbicide composition is effective may include one or more of the following: broadleaf weeds such as dandelions, clover, plantain, chickweed, undesirable grasses, mosses, other common weeds, etc.

[0020] Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are identified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as organic compounds that participate in atmospheric photochemical reactions, except for compounds whose photochemical reactivity is negligible. VOCs are typically emitted from certain solids or liquids in the form of gases. The EPA defines a chemical as "VOC-exempt" if its vapor pressure is less than 0.1 mm Hg (at 20°C). If the vapor pressure is unknown, a chemical is defined as "VOC-exempt" if: the chemical a) consists of more than 12 carbon atoms; or b) has a melting point above 20°C and does not sublime (i.e., does not change directly from a solid to a gas without melting).

[0021] Unless otherwise indicated, all component or composition levels are in terms of the active portion of that component or composition and are exclusive of impurities, for example, residual solvents or by-products, which may be present in commercially available sources of such component or composition.

[0022] Unless otherwise specified, all percentages and ratios are calculated by weight. Unless otherwise specified, all percentages and ratios are calculated based on total composition. It should be understood that each maximum numerical value limit given throughout this specification includes each lower numerical value limit, as such lower numerical value limit is clearly written in this article. Each minimum numerical value limit given throughout this specification will include each higher numerical value limit, as such higher numerical value limit is clearly written in this article. Each numerical range given throughout this specification will include each narrower numerical range that falls within such a wider numerical range, as such narrower numerical range is all clearly written in this article.

[0023] Unless otherwise indicated, all weights, measurements and concentrations herein are measured at 25 degrees Celsius (° C.) and 50% relative humidity.

[0024] Herbicide composition

[0025] The herbicidal composition is preferably in liquid form. Preferably, the herbicidal composition is an aqueous composition. Aqueous liquid compositions are convenient to use because these compositions can be easily applied directly to weeds. The herbicidal composition may contain about 70% to about 90%, about 75% to about 85%, or about 78% to about 83% water, all by weight of the herbicidal composition.

[0026] The herbicidal composition may be a micellar dispersion or an oil-in-water emulsion.

[0027] The herbicidal composition may comprise particles having an intensity average particle size of about 2 nm to about 500 nm, alternatively about 4 nm to about 400 nm, alternatively about 5 nm to about 100 nm. The herbicidal composition may comprise particles having an intensity average particle size of less than about 1 micron, preferably less than about 500 nm. The average intensity particle size may be measured according to the particle size test method described below.

[0028] The herbicidal composition can be clarified, because clarity means pure to the user. In some respects, the herbicidal composition can be substantially free of dye or coloring agent. The herbicidal composition can provide in the form of a concentrated composition, which is mixed with a diluent (e.g., water) before use, or the herbicidal composition can provide in the form of a ready-to-use composition, which can be directly applied to weeds (e.g., as a spray) and need not be diluted by the consumer before use. The ready-to-use composition may be preferred by some consumers, because the ready-to-use composition does not need the consumer to dilute, and dilution may be confusing, inconvenient and / or require multiple containers. The herbicidal composition may contain the selected component suitable for being directly sprayed onto the selected content on the weeds.

[0029] The herbicidal composition can have a relatively high level of clarity (i.e., turbidity). Some consumers prefer clarified products rather than turbid or muddy (i.e., higher turbidity) products. The herbicidal composition can show a turbidity of less than about 20NTU, alternatively less than about 15NTU, alternatively less than about 10NTU, alternatively less than about 8NTU. The herbicidal composition can show a turbidity of about 1.5NTU to about 20NTU, alternatively about 1.5NTU to about 15NTU, alternatively about 1.5NTU to about 10NTU, alternatively about 1.5 to about 8NTU. As described in the turbidity method below, the turbidity of the composition is measured with a laboratory turbidimeter.

[0030] The herbicide composition may have a light yellow color or may be substantially colorless. Some consumers prefer colorless or substantially colorless products rather than yellow products. Yellow may be a characteristic of the decomposition of certain active ingredients in the composition, particularly the decomposition of vegetable oils (such as corn mint oil). The reduction of yellowness may be measured by any colorimetric or spectroscopic method known in the art. Suitable colorimetric analysis methods include, for example, Gardner color scale (according to American Society for Testing and Materials ("ASTM") method ASTM D1544, D6166 and / or American Oil Chemists' Society ("AOCS") method AOCS Td-1a-64); CIELAB color scale (according to ASTM D5386-93b); the American Public Health Association ("APHA") color scale (according to ASTM D1209 or AOCS Td-1b-64); Saybolt color scale (according to ASTM D156 or D6045); or Lovibond (red) scale (according to AOCS Cc-13b-45). The CIELAB color scale can be used to quantify the color of the herbicide composition. The CIELAB color scale may also be referred to as L*a*b*, which is a color scale defined by the International Commission on Illumination (abbreviated as CIE) in 1976. The CIELAB color scale represents color as three values: L* represents perceived brightness, a* and b* represent the four unique colors of human vision (red, green, blue and yellow), and the b* value represents blue / yellow. It should be noted that the present disclosure is not limited to any particular colorimetric measurement, and the observed reduction in yellowness can be measured by any suitable colorimetric method.

[0031] The herbicidal composition may have a b* value of about 0 to about 5, alternatively about 0 to about 4, alternatively about 0 to about 3. The herbicidal composition may have a b* value of about 0.4 to about 5, alternatively about 0.4 to about 4, alternatively about 0.4 to about 3.

[0032] The herbicide composition may contain less than or equal to about 3 wt % VOC, or from about 0 wt % to about 3 wt % VOC. It is desirable to maintain the total content of VOC in the herbicide composition at less than or equal to about 3 wt %. VOC can be measured according to California Air Resources Board (CARB) Method 310 (May 25, 2018) for VOC determination.

[0033] VOCs may originate from one or more ingredients in the composition, including solvents and / or essential oils. It has been found that by varying the level of solvent, particularly the level of isopropyl alcohol, the total level of VOCs in the herbicidal composition can be maintained at a level of less than or equal to about 3%, while still maintaining the herbicidal composition substantially clear and colorless.

[0034] The herbicide composition may include ingredients listed in Section 25(b) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFTRA), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The compositions disclosed herein may include naturally occurring compounds or extracts or derivatives thereof. The compositions disclosed herein may include at least one organic, certified organic, component that complies with the U.S. Department of Agriculture ("USDA") National Organic Program ("NOP-compliant"). The compositions disclosed herein may include at least one food grade or generally recognized as safe (GRAS) component under U.S. law (Sections 201(s) and 409 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act), including direct food additives that are confirmed as GRAS. The use of food grade or GRAS ingredients enables the compositions disclosed herein to be used by consumers without the need to rinse the treated surface after use.

[0035] The herbicidal composition may contain less than about 15 ingredients, preferably less than about 10 ingredients.

[0036] The herbicidal composition may be stored outdoors or in a garage where it may experience fluctuating temperatures, such as day and night temperature variations and / or seasonal temperature variations. The herbicidal compositions described herein are stable at low temperatures (i.e., about 5°C to about 10°C). The herbicidal composition has a b* value of about 0 to about 5 and / or a turbidity of less than about 20 NTU, preferably even after repeated exposure to low temperatures and / or after recovery from low temperature exposure to room temperature.

[0037] Active ingredients

[0038] The herbicidal composition may comprise one or more active ingredients (also referred to herein as active substances). The herbicidal composition may comprise, total by weight of the herbicidal composition, from about 0.005% to about 15%, or from about 0.05% to about 12%, or from about 0.5% to about 10%, or from about 1% to about 10%, or from about 3% to about 8%, or from about 4% to about 7% of the one or more active ingredients.

[0039] Suitable active ingredients may include plant oils / essential oils (including synthetic analogues).One or more active ingredients may be a natural oil. Non-limiting examples of active ingredients can include aldehyde C16 (pure), almond oil, alpha-terpineol, verbenone, alpha-cedrene, cinnamaldehyde, amyl cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl acetate, amyl salicylate, anisaldehyde, cedrol, benzyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, carvacrol, carveol, citral, citronellal, citronellol, dimethyl salicylate, eucalyptol (also known as 1,8-cineole), thujopsene, isoeugenyl acetate, isoeugenol, methyl isoeugenol, galaxolide, geraniol, guaiacol, ionone, menthol (e.g., L-menthol), menthone, carvone (e.g., L-carvone), camphor, p-cymene, bornyl acetate, isobornyl acetate, gamma-terpinene, methyl anthranilate, methyl ionol ketone, methyl salicylate, nerol, α-phellandrene, peppermint oil, perillaldehyde, 1- or 2-phenylethanol, 1- or 2-phenylpropionic acid ethyl ester, piperonal, piperonyl acetate, piperonyl alcohol, D-pulegone, terpinen-4-ol, terpinenyl acetate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, thymol, trans-anethole, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, castor oil, cedar oil, cinnamon, cinnamon oil, citronella, citronella oil, cloves, corn oil, corn mint oil, cottonseed oil, garlic, garlic oil, linseed oil, mint, mint oil, thyme, peppermint, peppermint oil, spearmint, spearmint oil, rosemary, sesame, sesame oil, soybean oil, white pepper, licorice oil, wintergreen oil, star anise oil, clove oil, black seed oil, grapefruit seed oil, grapefruit, lemon oil, orange oil, tea tree oil, marigold (Tagete minuta oil, lavender oil, lippia javancia oil, bergamot oil, galbanum oil, lovage oil, and combinations thereof.

[0040] Non-limiting examples of essential oils may include thyme (thymol, carvacrol), oregano (carvacrol, terpenes), lemon (limonene, terpinene, phellandrene, pinene, citral), neroli (linalool, beta-pinene, limonene), orange (limonene, citral), fennel (anethole, safrole), clove (eugenol, eugenyl acetate, caryophyllene), rose (geraniol, citronellol), rosemary (borneol, bornyl esters, camphor), geranium (geraniol, citronellol, linalool), lavender (linalyl acetate, linalool), citronella (geraniol, citronellol, citronellal, camphene), eucalyptus (eucalyptol), peppermint (peppermint oil), Lotus (menthol, menthyl esters), spearmint (carvone, limonene, pinene), wintergreen (methyl salicylate), camphor (safrole, acetaldehyde, camphor), laurel (eugenol, myrcene, chavicol), cinnamon (cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl acetate, eugenol), tea tree (terpinen-4-ol, cineole), cedar leaf (α-thujone, β-thujone, fenchone), geranium (citronellol, geraniol, guaiacdiene), corn mint (menthol, menthone), garlic (dimethyl trisulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl tetrasulfide, 3-vinyl-[4H]-1,2-dithiin) and combinations thereof.

[0041] The herbicide composition may include an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of citronella oil, spearmint oil, corn mint oil, peppermint oil, and combinations thereof. The herbicide composition may include an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of corn mint oil, peppermint oil, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the herbicide composition may include corn mint oil. In some aspects, the herbicide composition may include peppermint oil. In some aspects, the herbicide composition may include spearmint oil. In some aspects, the herbicide composition may include citronella oil. The herbicide composition may include about 3% to about 10%, or about 5% to about 10% of active ingredients, all by weight of the herbicide composition, selected from the group consisting of corn mint oil, peppermint oil, and combinations thereof. The herbicide composition may include spearmint oil from about 3% to less than about 8% by weight of the herbicide composition. The herbicide composition may include citronella oil from about 3% to less than about 5% by weight of the herbicide composition.

[0042] In some aspects, the herbicidal composition may comprise from about 0.005% to about 10%, alternatively from about 0.5 to about 9%, alternatively from about 1% to about 8%, by weight of the herbicidal composition, of one or more active ingredients selected from the group consisting of menthol, menthone, citronellol, citronellal, geraniol, limonene, carvone, pinene, and combinations thereof. In some aspects, the herbicidal composition may comprise an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of menthol, menthone, and combinations thereof.

[0043] The herbicide composition may include one or more active ingredients and one or more co-active ingredients. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the weed control efficacy can be improved by combining one or more active ingredients with one or more co-active ingredients. Non-limiting examples of co-active ingredients may include cedar oil, cinnamon leaf oil, clove oil, eugenol, garlic oil, geraniol, geranium oil, lemongrass oil, rosemary oil, thyme oil and their combination. The herbicide composition may include all by weight of the herbicide composition, about 0.005% to about 15%, or about 0.05% to about 12%, or about 0.5% to about 10%, or about 1% to about 10%, or about 3% to about 8%, or about 4% to about 7% co-active ingredients. Preferably, the content of the co-active ingredient in the herbicide composition is equal to or less than the content of the active ingredient in the composition.

[0044] Surfactants

[0045] The herbicidal composition can be formulated with one or more surfactants. The herbicidal composition can include one or more surfactants, totaling from about 0.01% to about 15%, or from about 0.1% to about 12.5%, or from about 0.5% to about 10%, or from about 1% to about 5%, by weight of the herbicidal composition.

[0046] The spray droplets of the herbicide composition are preferably able to wet the target surface and spread or cover the target area to perform its intended function. Surfactants generally reduce the surface tension of water on the spray droplet surface by reducing the interfacial tension between the spray droplets and the target surface (e.g., weed surface). Surfactants also wet and disperse the particles of the active ingredient in the composition before spraying, thereby being able to more evenly cover and wet the target weeds when spraying. Surfactants can also emulsify the hydrophobic active agent (such as oil) that is not easily soluble in water. Therefore, surfactants include various agents known to be used as emulsifiers or wetting agents. Suitable surfactants include anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants or their mixtures.

[0047] Anionic surfactants are surfactant compounds containing long-chain hydrocarbon hydrophobic groups and hydrophilic groups in the molecular structure, including salts, such as carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate or phosphate groups. These salts can be sodium salts, potassium salts, calcium salts, magnesium salts, barium salts, iron salts, ammonium salts and amine salts of such surfactants. Anionic surfactants include alkali metal salts, ammonium salts and alkyl alcohol ammonium salts of organic sulfur reaction products, which have alkyl groups or alkylaryl groups and sulfonate groups or sulfate groups containing about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms in their molecular structure. Examples of such anionic surfactants include alkylbenzene sulfonates (e.g., linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, such as dodecylbenzene sulfonate and its salts) having about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms in the allyl group, alkyl sulfates and alkali metal salts thereof (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate), water-soluble salts of alkyl ether sulfates having about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and about 2 moles to about 9 moles of ethylene oxide in the alkyl group, and mixtures of their salts. The aryl group typically includes one or two rings, the alkyl group typically includes about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, and the ether group typically includes about 1 to about 9 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) and / or propylene oxide (PO), preferably EO.

[0048] A preferred anionic surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate or "SLS" (also known as sodium dodecyl sulfate). The herbicide composition may include about 1% to about 12.5%, alternatively about 3% to about 9%, alternatively about 5% to about 8.5% sodium lauryl sulfate, all by weight of the herbicide composition. The herbicide composition may include an active ingredient, i.e., a hydrophobic active ingredient (such as a natural oil), and sodium lauryl sulfate in a ratio of about 1:1 to about 1:5. It was surprisingly found that if the ratio of the hydrophobic active ingredient to sodium lauryl sulfate is too high, there may not be enough sodium lauryl sulfate to emulsify the hydrophobic active ingredient. If the hydrophobic active ingredient is not fully emulsified, a layer of hydrophobic ingredients (e.g., oil) may form on the top of the composition, making the composition appear cloudy when shaken. However, if the ratio of the hydrophobic active ingredient to sodium lauryl sulfate is too low, there may be too much free sodium lauryl sulfate, which may precipitate at low temperatures.

[0049] The herbicidal composition may include corn mint oil and / or peppermint oil, wherein the ratio of corn mint oil and / or peppermint oil to sodium lauryl sulfate may be about 1:1 to about 1:5. The herbicidal composition may include spearmint oil, wherein the ratio of spearmint oil to sodium lauryl sulfate may be about 0.75:1 or less. The herbicidal composition may include citronella oil, wherein the ratio of active ingredient to sodium lauryl sulfate may be about 0.5:1 or less.

[0050] Anionic surfactants also include fatty acids and salts thereof. Fatty acids and salts thereof are organic molecules comprising a single carboxylic acid moiety (carboxylate anion in the salt) and at least 7 carbon atoms, or about 11 to about 22 carbon atoms, or about 12 to about 16 carbon atoms. The salt of fatty acids is also referred to as soap. Fatty acids and their salts can be linear, branched, saturated, unsaturated, cyclic or mixtures thereof. The non-limiting examples of fatty acids and their salts include lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, hexadecenoic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, erucic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, its sodium salt, calcium salt, potassium salt or zinc salt, or mixtures thereof.

[0051] Additional suitable anionic surfactants include alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether sulfosuccinates, olefin sulfonates, alkyl sarcosinates, alkyl monoglyceride sulfates and ether sulfates, alkyl ether carboxylates, paraffin sulfonates, acyl methyl taurates, sulfoacetates, acyl lactylates and sulfosuccinamides.

[0052] Amphoteric surfactants are surfactants containing at least one anionic group and at least one cationic group and can act as an acid or base depending on the pH. Some of these compounds are aliphatic derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines, wherein the aliphatic substituents may be straight or branched chain, at least one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 6 to about 20, or from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, and at least one of the aliphatic substituents contains an anionic water-solubilizing group, such as carboxyl, phosphonate, phosphate, sulfonate, sulfate.

[0053] Zwitterionic surfactants are surfactants having positive and negative charges in the same molecule, wherein the molecule is zwitterionic at all pH levels. Zwitterionic surfactants include betaines and sultaines. Zwitterionic surfactants typically contain quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium or tertiary sulfonium moieties. Zwitterionic surfactants contain at least one straight or branched aliphatic substituent containing about 6 to 20, or about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and at least one aliphatic substituent containing an anionic water solubilizing group (e.g. carboxyl, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate).

[0054] Examples of suitable amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants include the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium salts of alkyl amphocarboxyglycinates and alkyl amphocarboxypropionates, alkyl amphodipropionates, alkyl monoacetates, alkyl diacetates, alkyl amphoglycinates and alkyl amphopropionates, wherein the alkyl group has 6 to about 20 carbon atoms. Other suitable amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants include alkyl imino monoacetates, alkyl imino diacetates, alkyl imino propionates, alkyl imino dipropionates and alkyl amphopropyl sulfonates, wherein the alkyl group has about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms, as well as alkyl betaines, alkyl amido alkylene betaines, alkyl sulfobetaines and alkyl amido alkylene hydroxy sulfonates.

[0055] The nonionic surfactant can be any known nonionic surfactant, and its example includes the condensation product of ethylene oxide and hydrophobic part. Nonionic surfactant includes ethoxylated primary or secondary aliphatic alcohol, and it has about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, is straight chain or branched chain configuration, has about 2 moles to about 40 moles or about 2 moles to about 9 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol. Other suitable nonionic surfactants include condensation products of alkylphenol with about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms and about 3 moles to about 30 moles or about 5 moles to about 14 moles of ethylene oxide. Nonionic surfactant also includes ethoxylated castor oil and organosilicon surfactant, such as Silwet L-8610, Silwet L-8600, Silwet L-77, Silwet L-7657, Silwet L-7650, Silwet L-7607, Silwet L-7604, Silwet L-7600 and Silwet L-7280.

[0056] The herbicide composition may optionally contain one or more cationic surfactants. Suitable cationic surfactants include quaternary ammonium surfactants and amino surfactants that are positively charged at the pH of the herbicide composition.

[0057] Solvents

[0058] The herbicidal composition may comprise from about 1% to about 45%, or from about 1% to about 30%, or from about 1% to about 25%, or from about 1% to about 15% of one or more solvents by weight of the composition. Liquid herbicidal compositions may contain one or more solvents and water.

[0059] Suitable solvents include alcohols such as monohydric or polyhydric alcohols. Preferred alcohols are low molecular weight primary or secondary alcohols exemplified by ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol, preferably isopropanol. Monohydric and polyhydric alcohols such as those containing 2 to about 6 carbon atoms and 2 to about 6 hydroxyl groups (e.g., ethylene glycol, glycerol, and 1,2-propylene glycol (also known as propylene glycol)) may also be used.

[0060] Suitable solvents may include esters. The herbicidal composition may include one or more esters of about 0.005% to about 15%, or about 0.05% to about 12%, or about 0.5% to about 10%, or about 1% to about 7%, by weight of the composition. Esters are usually formed by reacting carboxylic acids with molecules comprising one or more hydroxyl groups. Examples of suitable carboxylic acids include acetic acid, formic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, propionic acid, propiolic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, caproic acid, adipic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, caprylic acid, and fatty acids. Non-limiting examples of molecules comprising one or more hydroxyl groups include ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, sec-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerine, polyglycerol, cyclohexanol, and benzyl alcohol. Examples of suitable esters include isopropyl myristate, myristyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, octyl palmitate, isopropyl isothermal, butyl lactate, ethyl lactate, butyl stearate, triethyl citrate, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl dicaprylate, glyceryl dimyristate, glyceryl dioleate, glyceryl distearate, glyceryl monomyristate, glyceryl monocaprylate, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl monostearate, decyl oleate, glyceryl stearate, octyl stearate, octyl stearate, putty stearate, isostearyl neopentanoate, PPG myristyl propionate, diglyceryl monooleate, and diglyceryl monostearate. The herbicidal composition may comprise ethyl lactate, preferably from about 0.005% to about 15%, alternatively from about 0.05% to about 12%, alternatively from about 0.5% to about 10%, alternatively from about 1% to about 7% ethyl lactate overall by weight of the herbicidal composition.

[0061] Additional solvents include lipophilic fluids including siloxanes, other silicones, hydrocarbons, glycol ethers, glycerol derivatives (such as glycerol ethers), perfluorinated amines, perfluorinated and hydrofluoroether solvents, low volatility non-fluorinated organic solvents, glycol solvents, and mixtures thereof.

[0062] Suitable solvents listed in Section 25(b) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFTRA) include butyl lactate (including its enantiomers), vinegar, 1,2-propylene glycol carbonate, isopropyl myristate, ethyl lactate (including its enantiomers), isopropyl alcohol, and glycerin.

[0063] The herbicide composition preferably comprises about 0.01% to about 3% of a solvent selected from the group consisting of isopropyl alcohol, isopropyl myristate, ethyl lactate, butyl lactate, butyl stearate, glycerol, and combinations thereof, based on the weight of the herbicide composition. Alternatively, the herbicide composition may comprise about 0.1% to about 2.5%, alternatively about 0.5% to about 2.25%, alternatively about 1% to about 2% of a solvent selected from the group consisting of isopropyl alcohol, isopropyl myristate, ethyl lactate, butyl lactate, butyl stearate, glycerol, and combinations thereof, based on the weight of the herbicide composition. The content of solvents and / or essential oils in the herbicide composition may be selected so that the total VOC content of the herbicide composition is from about 0% to about 3% by weight.

[0064] In some aspects, the herbicidal composition can include less than about 2.5% glycerol by weight of the herbicidal composition. In some aspects, the herbicidal composition is substantially free of glycerol.

[0065] pH Adjusters

[0066] The herbicide composition may include a buffer system. The buffer system may include one or more pH adjusters. Non-limiting examples of pH adjusters may include malic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, humic acid, acetic acid, monosodium citrate, sodium citrate, disodium citrate, trisodium citrate, trisodium citrate dihydrate, trisodium citrate pentahydrate, sodium acetate, and combinations thereof. Preferably, the pH adjuster is selected from the group consisting of sodium citrate, citric acid, sodium acetate, acetic acid, and combinations thereof.

[0067] The herbicidal composition may comprise from about 0.01% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 4%, more preferably from about 1% to about 3.5% of citric acid or a salt thereof, total by weight of the herbicidal composition. The citric acid may be added to the composition in the form of anhydrous citric acid or citric acid monohydrate. Suitable examples of citric acid or a salt thereof include potassium citrate, sodium citrate, monopotassium citrate, tripotassium citrate, tripotassium citrate monohydrate, or dipotassium citrate. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that citric acid may also function as an active ingredient and / or a chelating agent.

[0068] In some aspects, the buffer system may comprise an acid (such as citric acid and / or acetic acid) and its conjugate base (such as a salt of citric acid and / or acetic acid). When the herbicidal composition comprises a buffer system, the acid is preferably citric acid or acetic acid, and the conjugate base is preferably the sodium salt of the corresponding acid.

[0069] The pH of the herbicidal composition may be from about 2.0 to about 5.0, alternatively from about 3.0 to about 4.5, alternatively from about 3.5 to about 4.0.

[0070] preservative

[0071] The herbicide composition may include one or more preservatives. "Preservative" used herein is any substance or compound added to prevent decay, decomposition or deterioration. Preservatives may be natural or synthetic. Preservatives may be antimicrobial preservatives that inhibit the growth of bacteria or fungi (including molds), or antioxidants. Non-limiting examples of preservatives include potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, tocopherol (e.g., tocopherol acetate), calcium propionate, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, sulfites (sulfur dioxide, sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, etc.), tetrasodium EDTA and disodium EDTA. The herbicide composition may include about 0.02% to about 4%, alternatively about 0.1% to about 2%, alternatively about 0.2% to about 1%, alternatively about 0.3% to about 0.5% preservatives by weight of the herbicide composition, preferably selected from the preservatives of the group consisting of potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, tocopherol and their mixtures. In some aspects, the herbicidal composition can be substantially free of preservatives.

[0072] Packaging and distribution

[0073] The herbicidal compositions described herein can be packaged in any suitable container, including those composed of paper, cardboard, plastic materials, and any suitable laminated materials, and the compositions can be dispensed in any number of suitable ways, such as spraying, e.g., pump spray, trigger spray, and the like.

[0074] The herbicide composition can be packaged in an at least partially transparent or translucent container or bottle. In some aspects, the container may include a transparent portion, such as a window. The transparent or translucent bottle-like piece may have a light transmittance greater than 25% at a wavelength of about 410 nm to 800 nm. Available bottle materials include, but are not limited to: polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA) and / or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC); and polystyrene (PS).

[0075] The transparent portion of the bottle or container may have a transmittance in the visible portion of the spectrum (approximately 410 nm to 800 nm) of greater than about 25%, or greater than about 30%, or greater than about 40%, or greater than about 50%. Alternatively, the absorbance of the bottle may be measured as less than about 0.6 or by having a transmittance greater than about 25%, where the transmittance percentage is equal to:

[0076] For purposes of this disclosure, a wavelength in the visible range is considered transparent / translucent as long as it has a transmittance greater than about 25%.

[0077] Method for producing a herbicide composition

[0078] The present disclosure also relates to a method for making a herbicide composition, wherein the composition comprises sodium lauryl sulfate and an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of corn mint oil, peppermint oil, spearmint oil, citronella oil, and combinations thereof. The method for making the herbicide composition may include the following steps:

[0079] a. Combination sodium lauryl sulfate; a pH adjuster, wherein the pH adjuster is an acid; an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of corn mint oil, peppermint oil, spearmint oil, citronella oil, and combinations thereof, and optionally a solvent to form an active ingredient premix;

[0080] b. combining water, optionally a pH adjuster, and optionally a preservative alone to form an aqueous phase; and

[0081] c. mixing the active ingredient premix with the aqueous phase;

[0082] wherein the pH of the herbicide composition is about 2.0 to 5.0, and the turbidity is less than about 20 NTU,

[0083] And the b* value is from about 0 to about 5.

[0084] Methods used to control weeds

[0085] The present invention also relates to methods for controlling undesirable weeds. In some aspects, the method for controlling weeds may include the following steps: (a) providing a herbicide composition; and (b) contacting the weeds with an effective amount of the herbicide composition. The herbicide composition can be applied (e.g., by spraying as an aqueous liquid) to the target area in an amount ranging from about 0.5 to about 40 ml / ft, alternatively about 0.9 to about 36 ml / ft.

[0086] The herbicide composition can be used to inhibit the growth and / or development of weeds such as, for example, dandelions, crabgrass, clover, ivy, or chickweed. The herbicide composition can be sprayed onto the leaves of the target weeds. The herbicide composition can be used to treat existing weeds or can be used to prevent weed growth. In the latter case, the herbicide composition can be used as a pre-emergence herbicide.

[0087] The herbicide composition can be used to control weeds growing from various surfaces. For example, the herbicide composition can be sprayed on hard surfaces that contain openings of dirt where weeds may be present or may develop, such as asphalt, concrete, interlocking bricks, roads and highways. The herbicide composition can be applied to lawns, golf course greens or flower beds where weeds may be present or may develop.

[0088] The herbicide composition may be applied in a single treatment or in multiple treatments, such as over consecutive days or weeks.

[0089] Examples and Data

[0090] The following data and examples (including comparative examples) are provided to help illustrate the herbicide compositions described herein. The exemplified compositions are given for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limitations of the present invention, as many variations are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts, percentages and ratios herein are by weight.

[0091] Example 1 - Effect of Essential Oils on Turbidity and Color

[0092] Some consumers may prefer a clear and colorless or substantially colorless herbicide composition. A series of formulations were prepared to understand the effect of different essential oils on the turbidity and color of the formulations. Formulations AG were made according to the procedure described below. The results in Table 1 show that the type of essential oil affects the turbidity and color of the formulations, with the NTU of the clear formulations being less than 20, while the NTU of the turbid formulations being greater than 20, and the b* value of the substantially colorless formulations being about 0 to about 5.

[0093] The samples were stored in covered glass jars at 25°C for approximately 48 hours prior to taking the measurements. The total VOC was calculated by adding together the weight fractions of the non-exempt VOCs in the formulation. Turbidity was measured according to the turbidity method described below. Color (b* value) was measured according to the Hunter Lab (CIE) method described below.

[0094] Formulation AG was prepared according to the following recipe.

[0095] Table 1 .

[0096]

[0097] 1 Available from Lebermuth (South Bend, IN).

[0098] 2 Available from Lebermuth (South Bend, IN).

[0099] 3 Available from Lebermuth (South Bend, IN).

[0100] 4 Available from Lebermuth (South Bend, IN).

[0101] 5 Available from Lebermuth (South Bend, IN).

[0102] 6Available from Lebermuth (South Bend, IN).

[0103] 7 Available from Lebermuth (South Bend, IN).

[0104] Formulations AG were prepared with 3.0 wt% essential oil and tested for turbidity and color. It was found that while Formulations AG were each clear, with a turbidity of less than 20 NTU for each formulation, some of Formulations AG were substantially colorless. Formulations AF each had a b* value of less than 1.5 and appeared substantially colorless. However, Formulation G, which contained lemongrass oil (an essential oil used in some current herbicides), appeared yellow and had a b* value of 10.39.

[0105] Example 2 - Effect of Essential Oil Concentration on Turbidity, Color, Efficacy and Temperature Stability

[0106] In separate experiments, formulations were prepared to further evaluate the effects of essential oil content on turbidity, color, weed control efficacy, and low temperature stability. The following table shows the total VOC, temperature stability, and weed control efficacy of each formulation. The total VOC is calculated by adding together the weight fractions of non-exempt VOCs in the formulation. Turbidity was measured according to the turbidity method described below. Color (b* value) was measured according to the Hunter Lab (CIE) method described below. Weed control efficacy was measured according to the weed control efficacy test method described below. Temperature stability was evaluated according to the temperature stability method described below.

[0107] Corn mint oil

[0108] Formulations HN were prepared with increasing amounts of corn mint oil. Formulation H was a reference formulation without corn mint oil. Formulations H, I, and M were tested at different times and on larger plants; however, the data are shown together for ease of comparison. Formulations HN were stored in sealed glass jars at 25°C for approximately 2 hours to 48 hours prior to initial measurements. Formulations HN were manufactured according to the procedure described below.

[0109] Formulations HN were prepared according to the recipes in Table 2. Turbidity, color, efficacy, and temperature stability results are shown in Table 3.

[0110] Table 2 .

[0111]

[0112]

[0113] 1Available from Lebermuth (South Bend, IN).

[0114] Table 3 .

[0115]

[0116] It was found that the herbicidal efficacy increased with increasing concentration of corn mint oil. Formulation H (reference) without corn mint oil was unstable at low temperatures, as evidenced by the formation of a white solid at 5°C. Formulation I containing 1.0% corn mint oil was clear and colorless, but unstable at low temperatures, as evidenced by the formation of a solid-liquid phase at 5°C. It is believed that if the concentration of the oil is not high enough, especially at low temperatures, the SLS precipitates out of the solution and / or the formulation forms a solid. SLS precipitation and / or solid formation at low temperatures may be undesirable for sprayable herbicide compositions stored outdoors or in unheated garages, because SLS precipitation and / or solid formation may clog or irreversibly damage the spray mechanism, thereby inhibiting proper distribution of the composition on weeds. Formulations J, K, L, M and N were clear, exhibited a turbidity of less than 6 NTU, and were essentially colorless, exhibiting a b* value of less than 2.5. Formulations J, K, L, M and N were stable at 5°C.

[0117] Peppermint Oil

[0118] Formulation OS was prepared using increasing amounts of peppermint Indian oil according to the procedure described below. Formulation OS was stored in a covered glass jar at 25°C for approximately 48 hours prior to initial measurements. Although peppermint Indian oil was tested, peppermint organic oil and peppermint Yam oil are expected to have similar turbidity, color, efficacy, and temperature stability results.

[0119] Formulation OS was prepared according to the recipe in Table 4. Turbidity, color, efficacy, and temperature stability results are shown in Table 5.

[0120] Table 4 .

[0121]

[0122] 4 Available from Lebermuth (South Bend, IN).

[0123] Table 5 .

[0124]

[0125] It was found that as the concentration of peppermint Indian oil increased, the herbicidal efficacy increased. Formulations O, P, Q, R and S were clear, exhibiting a turbidity of less than 20 NTU, and were substantially colorless, exhibiting a b* value of less than 2. Formulations O, P, Q, R and S were stable at 5°C.

[0126] Spearmint Oil

[0127] Formulation TV was prepared using increasing amounts of spearmint oil according to the procedure described below. Formulation TV was stored in a covered glass jar at 25°C for approximately 48 hours prior to initial measurements.

[0128] Formulation TV was prepared according to the recipe in Table 6. Turbidity, color, efficacy, and temperature stability results are shown in Table 7.

[0129] Table 6 .

[0130]

[0131] 5 Available from Lebermuth (South Bend, IN).

[0132] Table 7 .

[0133]

[0134] It was found that as the concentration of spearmint oil increased, the herbicidal efficacy increased. Formulations T and U were clear, exhibiting a turbidity of less than 7, and were substantially colorless, exhibiting a b* value of less than 2. Formulations T and U were stable at 5°C. However, Formulation V, which contained 8.0% by weight spearmint oil, was not clear, exhibiting a turbidity of greater than 800 NTU. Formulation V was also unstable at low temperatures, as evidenced by a cloudy appearance and the formation of multiple layers at 5°C. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the concentration of spearmint oil in Formulation V exceeded the emulsifying capacity of the sodium lauryl sulfate surfactant, which comprised 8.25% by weight of the composition. In other words, there was not enough sodium lauryl sulfate to emulsify 8% spearmint oil.

[0135] Citronella Oil

[0136] Formulation WX was prepared using increasing amounts of citronella oil according to the procedure described below. Formulation WX was stored in a covered glass jar at 25°C for approximately 48 hours prior to initial measurements.

[0137] Formulation WX was prepared according to the recipe in Table 8. The turbidity, color, efficacy, and temperature stability results are shown in Table 9.

[0138] Table 8 .

[0139]

[0140] 6 Available from Lebermuth (South Bend, IN).

[0141] Table 9 .

[0142]

[0143] Formulation W, containing 3.0 wt% citronella oil, was clear, exhibited a turbidity of less than 2.5 NTU, and was substantially colorless, exhibiting a b* value of less than 1.5. Formulation W was also stable at 5°C. However, it was found that Formulation X, containing 5.0 wt% citronella oil, was not clear, exhibiting a turbidity of greater than 800 NTU. Formulation X was also unstable at low temperatures, as evidenced by a cloudy appearance and the formation of multiple layers at 5°C. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the concentration of citronella oil in Formulation X exceeded the emulsifying capacity of the sodium lauryl sulfate surfactant, which comprised 8.25% by weight of the composition. In other words, there was not enough sodium lauryl sulfate to emulsify 5% citronella oil.

[0144] Formulation AX was prepared according to the following procedure.

[0145] First, combine the sodium lauryl sulfate and citric acid in an appropriate first container and mix at 300 RPM for 30 seconds. Then, add isopropyl alcohol (up to 1% of the isopropyl alcohol in the final herbicide composition) to the first container and mix at 300 RPM for 1 minute. Then add the essential oil (hydrophobic active ingredient) to the first container and mix at 300 RPM for 1 minute. If the formulation requires, add the remaining isopropyl alcohol to the first container and mix at 300 RPM for 1 minute. Then cover the first container with aluminum foil to prevent evaporation, and mix the contents for 3 minutes to form the essential oil (active ingredient) premix.

[0146] Add water to a suitable second container. Then, add sodium citrate to the second container and mix at 300 RPM until the sodium citrate is completely dissolved. Then add sodium benzoate to the second container and mix at 300 RPM until the sodium benzoate is completely dissolved, forming an aqueous phase containing water, sodium citrate, and sodium benzoate. Next, transfer the essential oil (active ingredient) premix to the second container and mix with the aqueous phase for 5 minutes. Add additional citric acid as needed until the pH reaches about 2.0 to about 5.0.

[0147] Test Method

[0148] Hunter L.ab determination (CIE) b* value

[0149] Yellow color formation is measured using Hunter Lab. (CIE) method. Using HunterLab ColorFlex The b value was determined using a spectrophotometer (HunterLab, 11491 Sunset Hills Road, Reston, Virginia 20190). The method used is described in detail in the "User's Manual for ColorFlex EZ Version 2.2".

[0150] HunterLab ColorFlex A spectrophotometer uses a xenon flash lamp to illuminate a sample. The light reflected by the sample is then separated into its component wavelengths by a dispersion grating. The relative intensities of the light at different wavelengths along the visible spectrum (400-700nm) are then analyzed to produce a numerical result that indicates the color of the sample.

[0151] Turbidity method

[0152] A turbidity meter is used to measure the turbidity of the herbicide composition. The instrument measures the turbidity of a liquid in nephelometric turbidity units (NTU). The method for measuring turbidity is described in detail in the following reference: Hach 2100Q and 2100Qis User Manual, 6th Edition, August 2021, by Hach Company. If the sample is not homogeneous prior to analysis, invert the sample until it appears homogeneous and then pour it into the analyte bottle for measurement.

[0153] The measurement method determines the quantitative value of turbidity by evaluating the ratio of the main turbidity light scattering signal to the transmitted light scattering signal. This specific evaluation method provides a value between 0 and 1000 NTU, wherein the greater the NTU value, the more turbid the composition is. In the middle of each test sample, a water control group can be measured to ensure correct equipment operation. For example, water can have a turbidity of about 1.11 NTU, and isopropyl alcohol can have a turbidity of about 0.15 NTU. It is believed that the improvement of the emulsification of active ingredients, particularly hydrophobic active ingredients, produces a lower NTU value.

[0154] Temperature stability

[0155] Temperature stability is measured by filling a 24 oz PET vial with the sample composition. The vial is sealed and stored at 5°C for 12 to 14 hours. The vial is then moved to 25°C for 10 to 12 hours, completing one low temperature cycle. This is repeated two more times for a total of three low temperature cycles. After the final incubation at 5°C (and before the vial is warmed to room temperature), the vial is observed for any visible signs of turbidity or phase separation. After the final incubation at 25°C, the turbidity and b* values ​​of the vial are evaluated using the turbidity and Hunter Lab (CIE) methods described above.

[0156] Weed Control Effectiveness Test

[0157] Plants: Plant samples were prepared by growing plants from seeds in a greenhouse. The samples were exposed to ambient sunlight. The temperature and relative humidity (RH) were controlled at 25 ± 5 °C and 55% ± 5% RH.

[0158] Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) plants are grown from seeds (strictly Taraxacum officinale seeds, Williams, OR, or equivalent) in potting soil, such as Happy Frog (Fox Farm Soil & Fertilizer Company, Samoa, CA) in a 2-inch diameter planting cup. Visually check the moisture of the potting soil. If the soil is dry and not clumping, add water and mix the soil until moist. Each cup is filled with moist potting soil. There is a hole about 0.5 cm deep in the center of each cup. Three to five seeds are placed in the hole. The seeds are then covered with soil around the hole and the soil is gently pressed to ensure that the seeds contact the soil. The cups are misted with water, then covered with a plastic dome and watered to maintain a certain humidity level so that condensation can be seen inside the dome. Keep the cups covered until about 80% of the cells show buds or for up to two weeks. After most of the seeds have germinated, remove the lid and thin the plants to one per cup. The plants are then watered as needed to keep the soil moist. Keep the plants for about five to six weeks until they have at least 5 leaves. On the day of the test, mist the plants with water and prepare them for evaluation.

[0159] test :

[0160] Before the efficacy test, the plants were taken out of the greenhouse. A group of plants was used as an untreated control. The test plants were sprayed with the sample composition until visually moist (approximately 3 to 10 sprays, depending on the size of the plant). The timer was then set and the treated plants and untreated control plants were placed in a portable tent enclosure. During the observation period, the plants were placed under artificial fluorescent lights at 25 ± 5 ° C and 50% ± 5% RH. After 1 hour, 3 hours and 24 hours, the leaf color, leaf wilting and stem wilting of the treated plants and control plants were evaluated. Relative to the untreated control, each attribute used a score of 0-5, where "0" indicated no difference from the control, and "5" indicated the maximum difference from the control. The total score for each attribute was added together to obtain a maximum total score of 15 points. The average value of two replicates was reported.

[0161] Particle size test method

[0162] Particle size was measured by light scattering data technique. Particle size was determined using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZSP (Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, United Kingdom) or the like. The software used for instrument control and data acquisition was Malvern Zetasizer software version 8.01.4906 (Malvern Panalytical). All samples were stored at 25°C unless otherwise specified.

[0163] Place the sample in The measurement is performed in a polystyrene disposable cuvette (Catalog No. 759070D or equivalent). 1 mL of sample is added to the cuvette using a disposable pipette (VWR, Catalog No. 414004-004 or equivalent), swirled, and then discarded. Another 1 mL of sample is added to the cuvette using a disposable pipette. The lid is placed on the cuvette and all sides of the cuvette are wiped with lint-free lens paper. The cuvette is loaded into the instrument according to the manufacturer's specifications to ensure that light enters the sample correctly during the measurement and the lid is closed.

[0164] The instrument was prepared according to the manufacturer's specifications. Particle size measurements were performed via the software with the following settings:

[0165] 1) In the "Measurement" section, select the "Manual" option. Then set the "Measurement Type" to "Dimension".

[0166] 2) Then select the "Sample" section. In the "Material" subsection: select "Material" as "SDS"; set "RI" to 1.461; and set "Absorbance" to 0.001. In the "Dispersant" subsection: select "Dispersant" as "Water"; and

[0167] Set the "Temperature" to 25.0°C; set the "Viscosity" to 0.8872cP; and set the "RI"

[0168] Set to 1.330. In the "General Options" subsection, select "Mark-Houwink Parameters", set "A Parameter" to 0.428; and set "K Parameter (cm2 / s)" to 7.67e-05. In the "Temperature" subsection: Set "Temperature" to 25.0℃;

[0169] Set the "Equilibration Time (sec)" to 120. In the "Cells" subsection: select "Disposable Cuvette" for "Cell Type"; and select the "DTS0012" option.

[0170] 3) Then select the "Measurement" section. Select "Detection Angle Measurement Angle" as "173°

[0171] Backscatter (NIBS default)”; select “Automatic” for “Measurement duration”;

[0172] Set the "Number of runs" to 11; set the "Run duration (seconds)" to 10;

[0173] Set the "Number of measurements" to 3; set the "Delay between measurements (seconds)" to 0; select "Append measurement number to sample name"; and do not select "Allow saving of results containing only relevant data". In the "Advanced" subsection: set "Measurement duration, extend duration for most parts" to "No"; set the "Measurement settings, positioning method" to "Find best position"; and set the automatic decay selection to

[0174] "yes".

[0175] 4) Then select the "Data Processing" section and select the following options:

[0176] Select "General Purpose (Normal Resolution)". Set "Dimensional Analysis Parameters" to "Analysis Details"; set "Name" to "Custom" and "Description" to "Custom Analysis"; set the following for "Display Range"

[0177] Set the Lower Limit to 0.6 and the Upper Limit to 6000; select Normal for Multimodal - Analysis, Resolution; set Size Class, Number of Size Classes to 70; set the Lower Size Limit to 0.4; set the Upper Size Limit to 10,000; set the Lower Threshold to 0.05; and set the Upper Threshold to 0.01.

[0178] In the Report subsection: do not select Print Report, and in the Export subsection: do not select Export results.

[0179] combination

[0180] A. A herbicide composition comprising: 5% to 12.5%, preferably 5% to 10%, of sodium lauryl sulfate, based on the weight of the herbicide composition; an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of corn mint oil, peppermint oil, spearmint oil, citronella oil, and combinations thereof; and 70% to 85% of water, based on the weight of the herbicide composition; wherein the herbicide composition has a turbidity of less than 20 NTU and a b* value of

[0181] 0 to 5, preferably 0 to 4.

[0182] B. The herbicide composition according to paragraph A, comprising 3% or more of the active ingredient based on the weight of the herbicide composition.

[0183] C. The herbicidal composition according to paragraph A or B, further comprising 0.01% to 3% of isopropyl alcohol, based on the weight of the herbicidal composition.

[0184] D. The herbicidal composition of any of the preceding paragraphs, comprising 3% to 10% corn mint oil, by weight of the herbicidal composition.

[0185] E. The herbicide composition according to paragraph D, wherein the weight ratio of corn mint oil to sodium lauryl sulfate of the herbicide composition is from 1:1 to 1:5.

[0186] F. The herbicide composition according to any of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the pH of the herbicide composition is from 2.0 to about 5.0,

[0187] G. A herbicide composition comprising: 5% to 12.5%, preferably 5% to 10%, of sodium lauryl sulfate, based on the weight of the composition; 3% to 10% of an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of corn mint oil, peppermint oil, and combinations thereof; 0% to 3% of a solvent selected from the group consisting of isopropyl alcohol, isopropyl myristate, ethyl lactate, butyl lactate, glycerol, propylene carbonate, and combinations thereof, based on the weight of the herbicide composition; and 70% to 90% of water, based on the weight of the herbicide composition; wherein the turbidity of the composition is less than 20 NTU and b*

[0188] The value is 0 to 5, preferably 0 to 4.

[0189] H. The herbicide composition according to paragraph G, wherein the weight ratio of the active ingredient of the herbicide composition to sodium lauryl sulfate is 1:1 to 1:5.

[0190] I. A herbicide composition comprising: 5% to 12.5%, preferably 5% to 10%, of sodium lauryl sulfate, based on the weight of the herbicide composition; 3% to less than 8% of spearmint oil, based on the weight of the herbicide composition; 0.01% to 3% of a solvent selected from the group consisting of:

[0191] isopropyl alcohol, isopropyl myristate, ethyl lactate, butyl lactate, butyl stearate, glycerin and combinations thereof; and 70% to 85% water, based on the weight of the herbicide composition; wherein the composition has a turbidity of less than 20 NTU and a b* value of 0 to 5, preferably 0 to 4.

[0192] J. A herbicide composition comprising: 5% to 12.5%, preferably 5% to 10%, of sodium lauryl sulfate, based on the weight of the herbicide composition; 3% to less than 5% of citronella oil, based on the weight of the herbicide composition; 0.01% to 3% of a solvent selected from the group consisting of:

[0193] isopropyl alcohol, isopropyl myristate, ethyl lactate, butyl lactate, butyl stearate, glycerin and combinations thereof; and 70% to 85% water, based on the weight of the herbicide composition; wherein the composition has a turbidity of less than about 20 NTU and a b* value of 0 to 5, preferably 0 to 4.

[0194] K. A herbicide composition comprising: 5% to 12.5%, preferably 5% to 10%, of sodium lauryl sulfate, based on the weight of the herbicide composition; an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of menthol, menthone, citronellol, citronellal, geraniol, limonene, carvone, pinene, and combinations thereof; and 70% to 85% of water, based on the weight of the herbicide composition; wherein the herbicide composition comprises 0% to 3% by weight of VOC; wherein the pH of the herbicide composition is 2.0

[0195] to 5.0, the turbidity is less than 20 NTU, and the b* value is 0 to 5, preferably 0 to 4. L. The herbicide composition according to any one of the preceding paragraphs,

[0196] Also included is a pH adjuster selected from the group consisting of malic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, humic acid, acetic acid, monosodium citrate, sodium citrate, disodium citrate, trisodium citrate, trisodium citrate dihydrate, trisodium citrate pentahydrate, sodium acetate, and combinations thereof.

[0197] L. The herbicide composition according to any of the preceding paragraphs, further comprising one or more co-active ingredients selected from the group consisting of cedar oil, cinnamon leaf oil, clove oil, eugenol, garlic oil, geraniol, geranium oil, lemongrass oil, rosemary oil, thyme oil, and combinations thereof.

[0198] L. The herbicidal composition of any of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the herbicidal composition comprises 0 wt % to 3 wt % volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

[0199] O. A herbicide composition according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the herbicide composition

[0200] The compound is packaged in a transparent or translucent container.

[0201] P. A herbicide composition comprising, by weight of the herbicide composition, 5% to 12.5%, preferably 5% to 10%, of sodium lauryl sulfate; an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of corn mint oil, peppermint oil, spearmint oil, citronella oil, and combinations thereof; and 70% to 85% of water, by weight of the herbicide composition; wherein the herbicide composition has a turbidity of less than 20 NTU and a b* value of 0 to 5, preferably 0 to 4; wherein the herbicide composition is contained in a transparent or translucent container.

[0202] Q. A method of controlling weeds, the method comprising contacting the weeds with a herbicide composition according to any one of the preceding paragraphs.

[0203] The dimensions and values ​​disclosed herein should not be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values ​​cited. Instead, unless otherwise indicated, each such dimension is intended to represent the stated value and a functionally equivalent range around that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as "40 mm" is intended to mean "about 40 mm".

[0204] Unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited, each document cited herein, including any cross-referenced or related patent or patent application and any patent application or patent to which this application claims priority or the benefit of, is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art to any of the present invention disclosed or claimed herein, or an admission that it, by itself or in combination with any one or more of the references, proposes, suggests, or discloses any such invention. In addition, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this invention conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this invention shall govern.

[0205] Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, it is intended that all such changes and modifications within the scope of the present invention be covered in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A herbicide composition, comprising: a. 5% to 12.5% ​​sodium lauryl sulfate by weight of the herbicide composition; b. an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of corn mint oil, peppermint oil, spearmint oil, citronella oil, and combinations thereof; and c. 70% to 85% water by weight of the herbicide composition; The herbicidal composition has a turbidity of less than 20 NTU and a b* value of 0 to 5.

2. The herbicide composition according to claim 1, comprising 3% or more of the active ingredient by weight of the herbicide composition.

3. The herbicide composition according to claim 1, further comprising 0.01% to 3% of isopropyl alcohol, based on the weight of the herbicide composition.

4. The herbicide composition according to claim 1, further comprising a pH adjuster selected from the group consisting of malic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, humic acid, acetic acid, monosodium citrate, sodium citrate, disodium citrate, trisodium citrate, trisodium citrate dihydrate, trisodium citrate pentahydrate, sodium acetate, and combinations thereof.

5. The herbicidal composition of claim 1, comprising 3% to 10% corn mint oil by weight of the herbicidal composition. 6 . The herbicide composition according to claim 5 , wherein the weight ratio of corn mint oil to sodium lauryl sulfate of the herbicide composition is 1:1 to 1:

5.

7. The herbicide composition according to claim 1, further comprising one or more co-active ingredients selected from the group consisting of cedar oil, cinnamon leaf oil, clove oil, eugenol, garlic oil, geraniol, geranium oil, lemongrass oil, rosemary oil, thyme oil, and combinations thereof.

8. The herbicidal composition according to claim 1, wherein the herbicidal composition comprises 3 wt% or less of volatile organic compounds (VOC).

9. The herbicide composition according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the herbicide composition is 2.0 to 5.

0.

10. The herbicidal composition according to claim 1, wherein the herbicidal composition is packaged in a transparent or translucent container.

11. The herbicidal composition according to claim 4, wherein the pH adjuster comprises citric acid and sodium citrate.

12. The herbicidal composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is substantially free of glycerin.

13. A herbicide composition, comprising: a. 5% to 12.5% ​​sodium lauryl sulfate by weight of the herbicide composition; b. an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of menthol, menthone, citronellol, citronellal, geraniol, limonene, carvone, pinene, and combinations thereof; and c. 70% to 85% water by weight of the herbicide composition; wherein the herbicide composition comprises 0 wt % to 3 wt % of VOC; wherein the herbicide composition has a pH of 2.0 to 5.0, a turbidity of less than 20 NTU, and a b* value of 0 to 5.

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