A high-speed direct-drive horizontal five-axis machining machine tool

Abstract

A high-speed direct-drive horizontal five-axis machining machine tool of the present invention comprises a base, a pedestal, an X-axis linear motor, a Y-axis linear motor, a Z-axis linear motor, an orthogonal turntable assembly, a column assembly, a spindle box assembly and a center of gravity adjustment assembly. The orthogonal turntable assembly comprises an A-axis turntable, a B-axis turntable and a turntable box body. The rotation axis lines of the A-axis turntable and the B-axis turntable are orthogonally arranged. The vertical plane where the center of gravity of the orthogonal turntable assembly is located is in the same vertical plane as the center of gravity of the Z-axis linear motor. By arranging the center of gravity adjustment assembly, when the plane of the B-axis turntable rotates, the center of gravity will shift. The center of gravity adjustment assembly can adjust the position of the sliding plate in the turntable box body according to the pressure changes of two pressure sensors, so that the plane where the center of gravity of the orthogonal turntable assembly is located is as close to the Z-axis linear motor as possible, thereby reducing the vibration generated when the linear motor is driven, and improving the machining accuracy of the machine tool.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of five-axis machining machines, and in particular to a high-speed direct-drive horizontal five-axis machining machine. Background Art

[0002] At present, most horizontal five-axis machining centers are of swing head or cradle turntable structure, and the linear axis is driven by a screw transmission. For example, the Chinese utility model with publication number CN221313259U discloses a horizontal five-axis machining center, which realizes multi-angle processing of workpieces through a cradle-type rotary table and a screw transmission drive. After the cradle-type turntable clamps the workpiece, the center of gravity is easily placed on the outside of the turntable, and the processing stroke is small. The turntable's own error will also cause the workpiece to shift. Secondly, the use of a screw transmission method results in a slow drive response speed of the linear axis, because the screw transmission and the mechanical turntable transmission chain are long, the transmission efficiency is not high, and the linear axis and the rotating axis have poor linkage, which generates a lot of heat at high-speed movement, affecting the processing accuracy of the machine tool and failing to meet the precision control requirements of the curved surface.

[0003] Therefore, in some existing medium and large machine tools, for example, in the Japanese patent with publication number JP2005324322A and the Chinese invention with publication number CN117206548A, a machine tool using an orthogonal turntable structure is disclosed to replace the cradle-type turntable. However, the use of an orthogonal turntable will face the problem of a large deviation between the machine tool servo drive and the overall center of gravity position of the turntable after clamping the workpiece, thereby causing an offset torque between the driving force and the overall center of gravity of the orthogonal turntable, poor driving stability, and affecting the processing accuracy. For example, in the Chinese invention patent with publication number CN117206548A, a horizontal five-axis machining machine tool is disclosed, which adopts the structure of an orthogonal turntable to clamp the workpiece, but its linear module adopts a motor screw direct drive method to drive the orthogonal turntable to move partly, and its drive does not ensure that the driving force passes through the overall center of gravity of the turntable. At the same time, the motor screw transmission speed is slow and cannot meet the needs of high-speed processing of the workpiece.

[0004] Taking into account the high speed of linear motors, they can meet the needs of high-speed processing of workpieces. However, there are still defects in using linear motors to drive the partial movement of orthogonal turntables. For example, the driving force of linear motors is limited. In order to meet the speed and acceleration control requirements of machine tools, the machine tool needs to be designed to reduce weight. In addition, the internal layout of the machine tool occupies a large space, and the internal space utilization rate is not high. What's more important is that when the linear motor is driven, if the vertical plane where the center of gravity of the driven carrier is located is offset from the vertical plane where the center of gravity of the driving motor is located, it is easy to vibrate during the movement. In severe cases, a certain amplitude of jitter will occur, which will also affect the processing accuracy of the machine tool on the workpiece. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a high-speed direct-drive horizontal five-axis machining machine tool.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a high-speed direct-drive horizontal five-axis machining machine, comprising a base, a base, an X-axis linear motor, a Y-axis linear motor, a Z-axis linear motor, an orthogonal turntable assembly, a column assembly, and a spindle box assembly, wherein the Z-axis linear motor is transmission-connected to the orthogonal turntable assembly, the X-axis linear motor is transmission-connected to the column assembly, and the Y-axis linear motor is transmission-connected to the spindle box assembly;

[0007] Wherein, the orthogonal turntable assembly comprises an A-axis turntable, a B-axis turntable and a turntable box, the rotation axis centerlines of the A-axis turntable and the B-axis turntable are orthogonally arranged, and the table surface of the A-axis turntable is offset by a distance a relative to the rotation axis centerline of the B-axis turntable, and the vertical plane where the vertical line of the center of gravity of the Z-axis linear motor is located is offset by a distance b relative to the rotation axis centerline of the B-axis turntable, and the range of b / a is between 1 / 3 and 1 / 2;

[0008] The bottom surface of the column assembly and the top surface of the base are both inclined, and one side portion of the spindle box assembly is protruded toward the inside of the column assembly, so that the vertical plane where the total center of gravity of the column assembly and the spindle box assembly is located coincides with the vertical plane where the X-axis linear motor is located.

[0009] A further technical solution is that the Z-axis linear motor includes a Z-axis linear motor stator and a Z-axis linear motor mover, the Z-axis linear motor stator is installed on the base, the Z-axis linear motor mover is installed on the bottom surface of the turntable box, two Z-axis guide rails are installed on the base, and the Z-axis linear motor is offset close to the A-axis turntable on one side of the center line of the two Z-axis guide rails.

[0010] According to a further technical solution, the five-axis machining center also includes a center of gravity adjustment component, which includes an adjustment motor fixed in the turntable box, the adjustment motor is powered by a screw, a sliding plate is slidably arranged in the turntable box, the screw is threadedly connected to the sliding plate, and the center of gravity adjustment component also includes at least two pressure sensors for measuring the pressure on both sides of the bottom surface of the turntable box, and the pressure sensors are installed under the two Z-axis guide rails.

[0011] A further technical solution is that the B-axis turntable includes a B-axis motor and a B-axis turntable plane, the B-axis motor is fixed in the turntable box, the B-axis turntable plane is rotatably installed on the turntable box, the B-axis turntable is a direct-drive turntable, the B-axis motor directly drives the B-axis turntable plane to rotate through a connecting piece, a locking hole is provided on the B-axis turntable plane, an internal thread is provided in the locking hole, and at least two locking holes are provided.

[0012] A further technical solution is that the A-axis turntable includes an A-axis turntable box, an A-axis motor and an A-axis turntable plane. The A-axis turntable box is locked on the B-axis turntable plane by inserting bolts into the locking holes, and different locking holes can be inserted according to the weight of the workpiece to adjust the distance a between the rotation axis centerlines of the A-axis turntable plane and the B-axis turntable plane.

[0013] In a further technical solution, the top plane of the base is divided into a base inclined plane, a first plane and a second plane, the first plane is higher than the second plane, the X-axis linear motor comprises an X-axis linear motor stator and an X-axis linear motor mover, and the X-axis linear motor stator is installed on the base inclined plane;

[0014] The column assembly includes a column box, and X-axis guide rails are installed on the first plane and the second plane. The column box is slidably installed on the X-axis guide rails, and the X-axis linear motor mover is installed on the column box. The bottom of the column box is tilted, the column box is hollowed out, and the side surface of the column box facing the orthogonal turntable assembly is recessed inward.

[0015] A further technical solution is that the spindle box assembly includes a spindle box and a machining unit, a vertically arranged Y-axis guide rail is installed on the vertical surface of the column box, the spindle box is slidably installed on the Y-axis guide rail, a side portion of the spindle box is convexly arranged, the convex portion of the spindle box extends into the inwardly recessed portion of the column box, the Y-axis linear motor includes a Y-axis linear motor mover and a Y-axis linear motor stator, the Y-axis linear motor stator is fixed on the inwardly recessed portion of the column box, the convex portion of the spindle box is fixed to the Y-axis linear motor mover, so that the vertical plane where the total center of gravity of the spindle box assembly and the column assembly is located coincides with the vertical plane where the center of gravity of the X-axis linear motor is located.

[0016] According to a further technical solution, the machining unit comprises a counterweight cylinder fixed in the spindle box, and a spindle is mounted on the spindle box.

[0017] According to a further technical solution, pneumatic clamps are installed on the orthogonal turntable assembly, the column assembly and the spindle box assembly.

[0018] According to a further technical solution, a drag chain is installed on the side where the Z-axis linear motor has a larger distance from the two Z-axis guide rails, and the drag chain is electrically connected to the orthogonal turntable assembly.

[0019] In this solution, when the A-axis turntable clamps a workpiece, the distance between the rotation axis centerlines of the A-axis turntable and the B-axis turntable plane can be adjusted according to the weight of the clamped workpiece, ensuring that the center of gravity of the Z-axis linear motor and the overall center of gravity of the orthogonal turntable assembly after clamping the workpiece are as close as possible to the same vertical plane. By setting a center of gravity adjustment assembly, when the B-axis turntable plane rotates, the center of gravity will shift. The center of gravity adjustment assembly can adjust the position of the sliding plate in the turntable box according to the pressure changes of the two pressure sensors, thereby adjusting the center of gravity of the entire orthogonal turntable assembly so that its center of gravity is as close to the center of gravity of the Z-axis linear motor as possible, thereby achieving the purpose of stably driving the movement of the orthogonal turntable assembly, reducing the vibration generated when the linear motor is driven, and improving the machining accuracy of the machine tool.

[0020] Moreover, the interior of the turntable box is hollow, which reduces the weight of the turntable box. The sliding plate can not only adjust the center of gravity, but also support the upper surface of the turntable box, thereby enhancing the structural strength of the turntable box. In addition, by setting two Z-axis linear motor movers in parallel, the load capacity of the Z-axis linear motor is increased, and the running speed of the orthogonal turntable assembly in the Z-axis direction is improved. The offset setting of the Z-axis linear motor can not only realize the drive of the plane where the center of gravity is located, but also leave space for the placement of the Z-axis drag chain.

[0021] Moreover, through the reasonable structural design of the bulge on one side of the spindle box and the depression in the column box, as well as the lightweight setting of hollowing out, combined with the drive of the linear motor, it can not only ensure that the plane where the center of gravity of the linear motor and the center of gravity of the load are as close as possible, reducing the vibration generated during driving, but also reduce its own weight and increase the operating speed, thereby achieving high-speed operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first three-dimensional structure of a high-speed direct-drive horizontal five-axis machining machine tool of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the column assembly and the spindle box assembly in this application;

[0025] Figure 3 Is a schematic diagram of the structure of the orthogonal turntable assembly in this application;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the transfer station box in this application;

[0027] Figure 5 is a top view schematic diagram of the present application;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the steel plate protective cover of the present application;

[0029] Figure 7 This application Figure 1 The enlarged schematic diagram of point A in the middle;

[0030] Figure 8 This application Figure 2 The enlarged schematic diagram of point B in the middle;

[0031] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the sliding plate and the fixed plate of the present application.

[0032] In the figure: 20, Z-axis linear motor; 30, X-axis linear motor; 40, turntable box; 50, A-axis turntable; 60, B-axis turntable; 70, spindle box assembly; 80, column assembly; 90, first pneumatic clamp; 101, base; 102, shield guide rail; 103, base; 104, Z-axis guide rail; 105, adapter plate; 106, drag chain; 107, steel plate protective cover; 201, Z-axis linear motor stator; 202, Z-axis linear motor mover; 301, X-axis linear motor stator; 302, X-axis linear motor mover; 303, second plane; 304, base inclined surface; 305, first plane; 306, X-axis Guide rail; 400, Y-axis linear motor; 401, first guide rail slider; 402, Y-axis linear motor mover; 403, Y-axis linear motor stator; 500, center of gravity adjustment assembly; 501, A-axis turntable box; 502, clamping assembly; 511, sliding plate; 512, screw; 513, fixing plate; 514, adjusting motor; 601, B-axis motor; 602, B-axis turntable plane; 701, spindle box; 702, spindle; 703, Y-axis guide rail; 704, guide slide rod; 705, third guide rail slider; 801, column box; 802, second guide rail slider; 803, pad; 901, cylinder; 902, clamping block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0034] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present application (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0035] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in this application are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0036] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connection", "fixation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0037] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in the field can implement it. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by this application.

[0038] Combined with Figure 1-Figure 9 A high-speed direct-drive horizontal five-axis machining center shown in the figure includes a base 101, a base 103, a column assembly 80, a spindle box assembly 70, an orthogonal turntable assembly, a Z-axis linear motor 20, an X-axis linear motor 30 and a Y-axis linear motor 400. The base 103 is installed on one side of the base 101. The orthogonal turntable assembly is arranged on the base 101 and is transmission-connected to the Z-axis linear motor 20. It reciprocates along the Z-axis under the drive of the Z-axis linear motor 20. The X-axis linear motor 30 is installed on the base 103. The column assembly 80 is arranged on the base 103 and is transmission-connected to the X-axis linear motor 30. It reciprocates along the X-axis under the drive of the X-axis linear motor 30. The Y-axis linear motor 400 is arranged on the column assembly 80. The spindle box assembly 70 is arranged on the column assembly 80 and is transmission-connected to the Y-axis linear motor 400. It reciprocates along the Y-axis under the drive of the Y-axis linear motor 400.

[0039] Among them, the orthogonal turntable assembly includes an A-axis turntable 50, a B-axis turntable 60 and a turntable box 40, the rotation axes of the A-axis turntable 50 and the B-axis turntable 60 are orthogonally arranged, and the table surface of the A-axis turntable 50 is offset by a distance a relative to the rotation axis of the B-axis turntable 60, and the Z-axis linear motor 20 is offset by b relative to the rotation axis of the B-axis turntable 60, and the range of b / a is between 1 / 3 and 1 / 2, so as to maximize the center of gravity of the orthogonal turntable assembly after clamping the workpiece and the center of gravity of the Z-axis linear motor are located in the same vertical plane, and the vertical plane is parallel to the Z axis.

[0040] In this embodiment, the vertical plane where the perpendicular line of the center of gravity of the Z-axis linear motor 20 is located is offset by a distance b relative to the rotation axis centerline of the B-axis turntable 60, and the table top of the A-axis turntable 50 is offset by a distance a relative to the rotation axis centerline of the B-axis turntable 60. In the actual application of this embodiment, a is set to 100 mm and b is set to 45 mm, so that after the orthogonal turntable assembly clamps the workpiece, the vertical plane where the center of gravity of the Z-axis linear motor 20 is located is as close as possible to the vertical plane where the center of gravity of the Z-axis linear motor 20 is located.

[0041] The bottom surface of the column assembly 80 is inclined with respect to the top surface of the base 103 , one side of the spindle box assembly 70 is protruded toward the inside of the column assembly 80 , and a center of gravity adjustment assembly 500 is disposed in the turntable housing 40 .

[0042] Specifically, Figure 1As shown, the height of the base 103 is higher than that of the pedestal 101, and two mutually parallel Z-axis guide rails 104 are fixed on the pedestal 101, and the center line between the two Z-axis guide rails 104 is coplanar with the rotation axis center line of the B-axis turntable 60, and an orthogonal turntable assembly sliding along the Z-axis guide rail 104 is slidably provided on the Z-axis guide rail 104, and a Z-axis linear motor 20 is installed between the two Z-axis guide rails 104, and the Z-axis linear motor 20 is parallel to the two Z-axis guide rails 104, and the Z-axis linear motor 20 includes a Z-axis linear motor stator 201 and a Z-axis linear motor mover 202, and the Z-axis linear motor stator 201 is fixed to the pedestal 101 by bolts, and two Z-axis linear motor movers 202 are provided, and the two Z-axis linear motor movers 202 are provided. 02 are arranged in parallel, and an adapter plate 105 is arranged on the Z-axis linear motor mover 202, one end of the adapter plate 105 is fixedly connected to one of the Z-axis linear motor movers 202, and the other end is fixedly connected to the other Z-axis linear motor mover 202. In this embodiment, the fixed connection method can be connected by bolt fastening. For example, a threaded connection hole is opened on the outer shell of the Z-axis linear motor mover 202, and a threaded connection hole with the same inner diameter is also arranged on the adapter plate 105. By inserting the bolt into the two threaded connection holes and then tightening the nut and the bolt, the adapter plate 105 and the two Z-axis linear motor movers 202 are fixed, and the adapter plate 105 is fixedly connected to the turntable box 40 of the orthogonal turntable assembly.

[0043] In one embodiment, the Z-axis linear motor 20 is not located in the middle of the two Z-axis guide rails 104, but is offset. Specifically, the Z-axis linear motor 20 is offset on one side of the center line of the two Z-axis guide rails, close to the A-axis turntable 50, and the offset distance is related to the vertical line of the center of gravity of the orthogonal turntable assembly. Because the center line between the two Z-axis guide rails 104 coincides with the rotation axis center line of the B-axis turntable 60, the vertical plane where the vertical line of the center of gravity of the Z-axis linear motor 20 is located is offset relative to the rotation axis center line of the B-axis turntable 60, and the offset distance is also b. For example, there are two Z-axis guide rails 104, one Z-axis guide rail 104 is on the left, and the other Z-axis is on the right. The guide rail 104 is on the right. When the vertical line of the center of gravity of the orthogonal turntable assembly is close to the Z-axis guide rail 104 on the left, the Z-axis linear motor 20 is set close to the Z-axis guide rail 104 on the left. In the present embodiment, the vertical line of the center of gravity of the orthogonal turntable assembly is close to the Z-axis guide rail 104 on the left. Therefore, the Z-axis linear motor 20 is closer to the Z-axis guide rail 104 on the left and farther from the Z-axis guide rail 104 on the right. That is, the distance between the Z-axis guide rail 104 on the right and the Z-axis linear motor 20 is larger. A drag chain 106 electrically connected to the orthogonal turntable assembly is installed between the Z-axis linear motor 20 and the Z-axis guide rail 104 on the right.

[0044] Beneficially or exemplarily, the orthogonal turntable assembly includes an A-axis turntable 50, a B-axis turntable 60, and a turntable box 40. The turntable box 40 is formed by riveting a plurality of steel plates, and holes (not marked) are opened on the steel plates to perform a lightweight design to reduce the weight of the turntable box 40. A first guide rail slider 401 is fixed to the bottom of the turntable box 40. In order to improve the stability of the turntable box 40 sliding on the Z-axis guide rail 104, in this embodiment, a total of six first guide rail sliders 401 are provided, each three blocks forming a group, a total of two groups, and the two groups of first guide rail sliders 401 are respectively slidably installed on the two Z-axis guide rails 104.

[0045] Advantageously or exemplarily, the bottom surface of the turntable housing 40 and the adapter plate 105 are fixed together by bolt fastening.

[0046] Advantageously or illustratively, a first pneumatic clamp 90 is disposed on the bottom surface of the turntable housing 40. Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, two first pneumatic clamps 90 are provided and are respectively installed on the bottom surface of the turntable box 40. The first pneumatic clamps 90 include a cylinder 901 and a clamping block 902. The cylinder 901 can control the movement of the clamping block 902 to clamp the Z-axis guide rail 104 and apply the brake to avoid collision problems and ensure the safety of machine operation.

[0047] Useful or exemplary, please focus on Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The B-axis turntable 60 includes a B-axis motor 601 installed in the turntable box 40, and a B-axis turntable plane 602 is rotatably installed on the top surface of the turntable box 40. The B-axis turntable 60 is a direct-drive turntable, and the B-axis motor 601 drives the B-axis turntable plane 602 to rotate. In another embodiment, the B-axis turntable 60 can also be provided with a transmission part, using a reducer and a cam roller for transmission.

[0048] Beneficially or exemplarily, with emphasis on Figure 1 and Figure 3 The A-axis turntable 50 includes an A-axis turntable box 501, an A-axis motor (unmarked) and a clamping assembly 502. The A-axis turntable box 501 is fixed on the B-axis turntable plane 602. The A-axis motor (unmarked) is arranged in the A-axis turntable box 501. The clamping assembly 502 is connected to the A-axis motor power. The clamping assembly 502 is used to clamp the workpiece. The vertical plane where the clamping assembly 502 is located is the A-axis turntable plane (unmarked). The clamping assembly 502 can optionally be a three-jaw chuck or other clamping mechanism or chuck that can clamp the workpiece.

[0049] Advantageously or illustratively, a plurality of locking holes (not marked) are provided on the B-axis turntable plane 602, the locking holes having internal threads, the A-axis turntable box 501 is fixed to the B-axis turntable plane 602 by inserting bolts into the locking holes, and the plane where the clamping assembly 502 is located is the table top of the A-axis turntable 50, such as Figure 3 As shown, the table top of the A-axis turntable 50 is offset relative to the rotation axis centerline of the B-axis turntable plane 602, and the offset distance is adjustable. The above description mentions the offset distance a of the table top of the A-axis turntable 50 relative to the rotation axis centerline of the B-axis turntable 60. The specific adjustment is achieved by moving the A-axis turntable box 501 and then changing the bolts inserted into the locking holes at different distances on the B-axis turntable plane 602.

[0050] Specifically, in the present embodiment, the locking hole is provided with three gear positions, which are divided into three sections, namely, "near", "middle" and "far". The distances of the three sections are respectively the distances between the A-axis turntable 50 and the rotation axis centerline of the B-axis turntable plane 602, which are near, middle and far, corresponding to three different workpieces. For example, the workpiece is heavy (the size of the workpiece is not considered for the time being, because the size of the workpiece that can be clamped by the A-axis turntable 50 in the actual application of this scheme is limited, and the chuck cannot clamp a workpiece that is too large, so the size has little effect on it). If the center of gravity of the entire orthogonal turntable assembly is farther away from the rotation axis centerline of the B-axis turntable plane 602 than when the workpiece is not clamped, the A-axis turntable 50 needs to be installed Install it to the "far" gear to move the A-axis turntable 50 away from the rotation axis of the B-axis turntable plane 602. It is worth noting that in most cases the A-axis turntable box 501 does not need to be moved, because the workpieces being processed are generally workpieces within the normal range, and it only needs to be installed in the "middle" gear position. In the middle position in this embodiment, the distance between the A-axis turntable plane and the rotation axis of the B-axis turntable plane 602 is a set to 100 mm, and b is set to 45 mm, which can adapt to most of the workpieces being processed. After the orthogonal turntable assembly clamps the workpiece, the vertical plane where the center of gravity is located is as close as possible to the vertical plane where the center of gravity of the Z-axis linear motor 20 is located, and the drive is more stable.

[0051] As to why the range of b / a is set between 1 / 3 and 1 / 2, firstly, it is to match the weight of the workpiece processed by this machine tool. Secondly, the A-axis turntable 50 and the B-axis turntable 60 of this machine tool are designed to be lightweight, such as hollow and hollow settings. Keeping them within this range can ensure that the vertical plane where the center of gravity of the orthogonal turntable assembly is located is as close to the vertical plane where the center of gravity of the Z-axis linear motor is located as possible during installation. Finally, in order to cooperate with the center of gravity adjustment assembly 500, when the range of b / a is between 1 / 3 and 1 / 2, the sliding plate 511 of the center of gravity adjustment assembly 500 does not need to move too much, so as to achieve the purpose of maximally bringing the vertical plane where the center of gravity of the orthogonal turntable assembly is located and the vertical plane where the center of gravity of the Z-axis linear motor is located close to each other. Therefore, the range of b / a is set between 1 / 3 and 1 / 2, which is a reasonable setting range suitable for this machine tool.

[0052] Among them, a seal, such as a rubber plug, can be inserted into the unused locking hole to prevent cutting fluid and cutting debris from clogging the locking hole. In addition, a guide rail can also be set at the bottom of the A-axis turntable box 501 to adjust the offset distance between the A-axis turntable table and the B-axis axis position.

[0053] Beneficially or exemplarily, with emphasis on Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Fig. 9 The center of gravity adjustment component 500 includes an adjustment motor 514, a screw 512, a fixed plate 513 and a sliding plate 511. The adjustment motor 514 is fixed in the turntable box 40. The screw 512 is connected to the adjustment motor 514. In this embodiment, two sliding plates 511 are provided. The two sliding plates 511 are fixed together by the fixed plate 513. The other end of the screw 512 is provided with a thread and is connected with the fixed plate 513 thread. When the B-axis motor 601 drives the B-axis turntable plane 602 to rotate, the A-axis turntable 50 will rotate with the rotation axis of the B-axis turntable plane 602 as the center. The A-axis turntable 50 and the B-axis turntable 60 are moved to change the overall center of gravity of the A-axis turntable 50 and the B-axis turntable 60. A pressure sensor (not marked) is installed under the two Z-axis guide rails 104. The pressure sensor (not marked) can sense the pressure on the two guide rails. The central controller (not marked) is installed on the base 101. The central controller is electrically connected to the pressure sensor and can control the adjustment motor 514 to work according to the pressure of the two sensors. The adjustment motor 514 can rotate forward or reverse, and can also control the number of rotations, thereby adjusting the moving distance of the sliding plate 511, thereby changing the center of gravity of the orthogonal turntable assembly (not marked).

[0054] For example, when the B-axis turntable plane 602 rotates, the pressure on the Z-axis guide rail 104 on one side decreases, and the pressure decrease value is δP1, and the pressure on the Z-axis guide rail 104 on the other side increases, and the pressure increase value is δP2. The central controller controls the number of rotations of the adjustment motor 514 according to the values ​​of δP1 and δP2. The pitch and lead of the screw 512 are fixed values. The movement amount of the sliding plate 511 can be controlled by controlling the number of rotations of the adjustment motor 514. The values ​​of δP1 and δP2 are compared with the pre-calibrated range values ​​to see which range value they fall into, and then the adjustment is controlled. The motor 514 rotates a fixed number of circles, and the number of circles is adapted to the corresponding range value. The number of circles of the motor 514 is adjusted by adjusting the number of circles under different δP1 and δP2 value ranges through multiple tests and tuning. The number of circles is stored in the central controller, and the number of circles data can be directly called when different δP1 and δP2 value ranges are sensed subsequently to ensure that the distance between the vertical plane where the center of gravity of the orthogonal turntable assembly after clamping the workpiece is located and the vertical plane where the center of gravity of the Z-axis linear motor 20 is located is maintained within a reasonable range, for example, the distance range does not exceed 40 mm.

[0055] Moreover, the sliding plate 511 can not only slide to change the entire center of gravity position of the orthogonal turntable assembly, but also support the inside of the turntable box 40, play a supporting role, and enhance the structural strength of the turntable box 40.

[0056] Beneficially or exemplarily, with emphasis on Figure 1 and Figure 6 , a shield guide rail 102 is installed on the base 101, such as Figure 6 As shown, a steel plate protective cover 107 is slidably provided on the protective cover guide rail 102, and the steel plate protective cover 107 is used to protect the Z-axis linear motor 20 to prevent the infiltration of cutting fluid.

[0057] Beneficially or exemplarily, with emphasis on Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 The top surface of the base 103 is inclined and includes a base inclined surface 304, a first plane 305 and a second plane 303, wherein the first plane 305 is higher than the second plane 303, and X-axis guide rails 306 are installed on the first plane 305 and the second plane 303, and an X-axis linear motor 30 is arranged on the base inclined surface 304, and the X-axis linear motor 30 includes an X-axis linear motor stator 301 and an X-axis linear motor mover 302, and the X-axis linear motor stator 301 is installed on the base inclined surface 304 of the base 103, and the X-axis linear motor mover 302 is installed on the column assembly 80.

[0058] Advantageously or exemplarily, the column assembly 80 includes a column box 801, with emphasis on Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 8 The rear part of the column box 801 protrudes backward and is designed as a slope structure with a large inclination angle, and there are holes (not marked) hollowed out on the column box 801. Two groups of second guide rail sliders 802 are fixed to the upper and lower ends of the inclined surface of the column box 801, respectively. Specifically, one group of second guide rail sliders 802 is located on the bottom surface of the column box 801, and the other group is located on the rear raised part of the column box 801. A cushion block 803 is installed between the two groups of second guide rail sliders 802 and the column box 801. The cushion block 803 is used to buffer vibration. The two groups of second guide rail sliders 802 are respectively slidably matched with two X-axis guide rails 306. The column box 801 is recessed inwardly toward one side of the orthogonal turntable assembly, and the vertical line of the center of gravity of the column box 801 is located between the two X-axis guide rails 306. The vertical plane where the X-axis linear motor 30 is located coincides with the vertical plane where the total center of gravity of the column assembly 80 and the spindle box assembly 70 is located, and the vertical plane is parallel to the X-axis. The rear side surface of the column box 801 is set as an inclined slope to prevent the column box 801 from tilting forward and keep the vertical line of the center of gravity passing through the X-axis linear motor 30.

[0059] Specifically, the inclination angle of the bottom slope of the column box 801 is preferably in the range of 40° to 50°. Taking into account the weight of the column box 801 and the layout space of the X-axis linear motor 30, the inclination angle is designed to be 49°, that is, the inclination angle between the base inclined surface 304 and the horizontal plane is also 49°.

[0060] Beneficially or exemplarily, with emphasis on Figure 1 and Figure 2 The spindle box assembly 70 includes a spindle box 701 and a machining unit (not marked), a Y-axis guide rail 703 is installed on the vertical surface of the column box 801, and two sets of third guide rail sliders 705 are installed on the spindle box 701, and the two sets of third guide rail sliders 705 are respectively installed in sliding cooperation with the two Y-axis guide rails 703, the spindle box 701 is arranged to protrude backward, and the protruding part of the spindle box 701 is installed in the recessed part of the column box 801, so that the vertical plane where the total center of gravity of the spindle box assembly 70 and the column assembly 80 is located coincides with the vertical plane where the center of gravity of the X-axis linear motor 30 is located, so as to achieve the purpose of driving the plane where the center of gravity of the X-axis is located, and two guide slide rods 704 are arranged in the column box 801, and the two guide slide rods 704 pass through the spindle box 701 and slide with the spindle box 701.

[0061] Beneficially or exemplarily, the Y-axis linear motor 400 includes a Y-axis linear motor stator 403 and a Y-axis linear motor mover 402, the Y-axis linear motor stator 403 is fixed in the recessed portion of the column box 801, the raised portion of the spindle box 701 is fixed to the Y-axis linear motor mover 402, and the vertical plane where the center of gravity of the Y-axis linear motor 400 is located coincides with the vertical plane where the center of gravity of the spindle box assembly 70 is located, thereby achieving the purpose of stable Y-axis drive.

[0062] Advantageously or exemplarily, the machining unit (not marked) includes a counterweight cylinder (not marked) fixed in the spindle box 701 and a spindle 702 . The spindle 702 cooperates with a tool to perform cutting processing on a metal workpiece.

[0063] Specifically, the arrangement of the counterweight cylinder can keep the spindle box 701 stable during lifting operation, so as to achieve the purpose of maximally aligning the plane where the center of gravity of the linear motor and the center of gravity of the load are located, thereby satisfying the driving of the plane where the center of gravity is located.

[0064] The column box 801 and the spindle box 701 are respectively installed with a second pneumatic clamp (unmarked) and a third pneumatic clamp (unmarked). The second pneumatic clamp is used to clamp and hold the X-axis guide rail 306, and the third pneumatic clamp is used to clamp and hold the Y-axis guide rail 703 for braking.

[0065] Beneficially or exemplarily, the driving speed of the X-axis linear motor 30, the Y-axis linear motor 400 and the Z-axis linear motor 20 can drive their respective loads to move at a speed of up to 10 m / min during normal processing. During rapid movement, the moving speed of the load driven by each linear motor can reach 50 m / min, thereby achieving the purpose of high-speed processing, which is faster than the traditional screw drive method.

[0066] The operating method of a high-speed direct-drive horizontal five-axis machining machine tool of the present invention is as follows:

[0067] First, the vertical plane where the center of gravity of the Z-axis linear motor 20 of the high-speed direct-drive horizontal five-axis machining center is located is basically coincident with the vertical plane where the total center of gravity of the orthogonal turntable assembly is located. The position of the A-axis turntable 50 on the B-axis turntable plane 602 is adjusted according to the weight of the workpiece to be processed. When the workpiece is clamped by the chuck, the center of gravity selects a suitable range and then the position is fixed. Generally, the "middle" gear is selected. The A-axis turntable 50 is placed on the locking hole at the corresponding position, and then the bolts are screwed in and tightened. Then the workpiece is held by the chuck. At this time, the vertical plane where the center of gravity of the entire orthogonal turntable is located is basically coincident with the vertical plane where the center of gravity of the Z-axis linear motor 20 is located, and the distance does not exceed 45 mm. The vertical plane where the center of gravity of the orthogonal turntable is located passes through the Z-axis linear motor 20, so as to achieve stable drive in the Z-axis direction and reduce vibration.

[0068] Then select a tool and install a suitable tool on the spindle 702. At this time, the vertical plane where the total center of gravity of the spindle box assembly 70 and the column assembly 80 is located coincides with the vertical plane where the center of gravity of the X-axis linear motor 30 is located (although the tool is installed, the weight of the tool relative to the entire spindle box assembly 70 and the column assembly 80 can be basically ignored). The vertical plane where the center of gravity of the X-axis linear motor 30 is located coincides with the vertical plane where the center of gravity of the entire spindle box assembly 70 and the column assembly 80 is located, thereby achieving stable drive in the X-axis direction and reducing vibration.

[0069] Then, when machining is performed, the B-axis turntable plane 602 will rotate, driving the A-axis turntable 50 to rotate around the B-axis axis, and the A-axis turntable 50 will drive the workpiece to rotate around the A-axis axis of the A-axis turntable 50. At this time, the pressure sensors under the two Z-axis linear guides sense the change in pressure and transmit the change value to the central controller. The central controller directly calls the pre-calibrated data to control the number of rotations of the adjustment motor 514 according to the pressure change value of the sensor, thereby rotating the screw 512. The screw 512 is threadedly matched with the fixed plate 513, thereby driving the sliding plate 511 to move, so that the vertical plane where the overall center of gravity of the orthogonal turntable assembly is located is overlapped with the vertical plane where the center of gravity of the Z-axis linear motor 20 is located again (the overlap here is not a complete overlap, but an overlap as much as possible, because the data called by the central controller is based on the range value of the pressure change of the pressure sensor, thereby controlling the number of rotations of the adjustment motor 514), ensuring that the Z-axis linear motor 20 can be stably driven, reducing vibration, ensuring the stable operation of the orthogonal turntable assembly, and improving machining accuracy.

[0070] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable people familiar with the technology in this field to understand the content of the present invention and implement it, and they cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-speed direct-drive horizontal five-axis machining machine, characterized in that: The machine comprises a base (101), a pedestal (103), an X-axis linear motor (30), a Y-axis linear motor (400), a Z-axis linear motor (20), an orthogonal turntable assembly, a column assembly (80), and a spindle box assembly (70), wherein the Z-axis linear motor (20) is transmission-connected to the orthogonal turntable assembly, the X-axis linear motor (30) is transmission-connected to the column assembly (80), and the Y-axis linear motor (400) is transmission-connected to the spindle box assembly (70); The orthogonal turntable assembly comprises an A-axis turntable (50), a B-axis turntable (60) and a turntable box (40); the rotation axis centerlines of the A-axis turntable (50) and the B-axis turntable (60) are arranged orthogonally, and the table surface of the A-axis turntable (50) is offset by a distance a relative to the rotation axis centerline of the B-axis turntable (60); the vertical plane where the vertical line of the center of gravity of the Z-axis linear motor (20) is located is offset by a distance b relative to the rotation axis centerline of the B-axis turntable (60); and the range of b / a is between 1 / 3 and 1 / 2; The bottom surface of the column assembly (80) and the top surface of the base (103) are both inclined, and a side portion of the spindle box assembly (70) is protruded toward the inside of the column assembly (80), so that the vertical plane where the total center of gravity of the column assembly (80) and the spindle box assembly (70) is located coincides with the vertical plane where the X-axis linear motor (30) is located; The Z-axis linear motor (20) comprises a Z-axis linear motor stator (201) and a Z-axis linear motor mover (202); the Z-axis linear motor stator (201) is mounted on the base (101); the Z-axis linear motor mover (202) is mounted on the bottom surface of the turntable box (40); two Z-axis guide rails (104) are mounted on the base (101); the Z-axis linear motor (20) is offset close to the A-axis turntable (50) on one side of the center lines of the two Z-axis guide rails (104); It also includes a center of gravity adjustment component (500), the center of gravity adjustment component (500) including an adjustment motor (514) fixed in a turntable box (40), at least two pressure sensors for measuring pressure on both sides of the bottom surface of the turntable box (40), the adjustment motor (514) is connected to a screw rod (512) in a power connection, a sliding plate (511) is slidably arranged in the turntable box (40), and the screw rod (512) is threadedly connected to the sliding plate (511); The B-axis turntable (60) comprises a B-axis motor (601) and a B-axis turntable plane (602); the B-axis motor (601) is fixed in the turntable housing (40); the B-axis turntable plane (602) is rotatably mounted on the turntable housing (40); the B-axis turntable (60) is a direct-drive turntable; the B-axis motor (601) directly drives the B-axis turntable plane (602) to rotate via a connecting piece; a locking hole is provided on the B-axis turntable plane (602); an internal thread is provided in the locking hole; and at least two locking holes are provided; The A-axis turntable (50) comprises an A-axis turntable box (501), an A-axis motor and an A-axis turntable plane. The A-axis turntable box (501) is locked on the B-axis turntable plane (602) by inserting bolts into the locking holes, and different locking holes can be inserted according to the weight of the workpiece to be processed, so as to adjust the distance a between the rotation axis centerline of the A-axis turntable plane and the B-axis turntable plane (602).

2. A high-speed direct-drive horizontal five-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure sensor is installed below the two Z-axis guide rails (104).

3. The high-speed direct-drive horizontal five-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top plane of the base (103) is divided into a base inclined surface (304), a first plane (305) and a second plane (303), wherein the first plane (305) is higher than the second plane (303), and the X-axis linear motor (30) comprises an X-axis linear motor stator (301) and an X-axis linear motor mover (302), and the X-axis linear motor stator (301) is mounted on the base inclined surface (304); The column assembly (80) comprises a column box (801), an X-axis guide rail (306) is installed on both the first plane (305) and the second plane (303), the column box (801) is slidably installed on the X-axis guide rail (306), the X-axis linear motor mover (302) is installed on the column box (801), the bottom of the column box (801) is inclined, the column box (801) is hollowed out, and the column box (801) is recessed inwardly on one side facing the orthogonal turntable assembly.

4. The high-speed direct-drive horizontal five-axis machining center according to claim 3, characterized in that: The spindle box assembly (70) comprises a spindle box (701) and a machining unit. A vertically arranged Y-axis guide rail (703) is installed on the vertical surface of the column box (801). The spindle box (701) is slidably installed on the Y-axis guide rail (703). A side portion of the spindle box (701) is convexly arranged. The convex portion of the spindle box (701) extends into an inwardly concave portion of the column box (801). The Y-axis linear motor (400) includes a The invention comprises a Y-axis linear motor mover (402) and a Y-axis linear motor stator (403), wherein the Y-axis linear motor stator (403) is fixed to the inwardly recessed portion of the column box (801), and the convex portion of the spindle box (701) is fixed to the Y-axis linear motor mover (402), so that the vertical plane where the total center of gravity of the spindle box assembly (70) and the column assembly (80) is located coincides with the vertical plane where the center of gravity of the X-axis linear motor (30) is located.

5. The high-speed direct-drive horizontal five-axis machining center according to claim 4, characterized in that: The machining unit comprises a counterweight cylinder fixed in the spindle box (701), and a spindle (702) is mounted on the spindle box (701).

6. The high-speed direct-drive horizontal five-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: Pneumatic clamps are installed on the orthogonal turntable assembly, the column assembly (80) and the spindle box assembly (70).

7. The high-speed direct-drive horizontal five-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: A drag chain (106) is installed on the side with a larger distance between the Z-axis linear motor (20) and the two Z-axis guide rails (104), and the drag chain (106) is electrically connected to the orthogonal turntable assembly.

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