Process for preparing various nutritional ingredients from oats

Abstract

The invention provides a process for preparing various nutritional ingredients from oats, and relates to the technical field of deep processing of oats. The process comprises the following steps: crushing and sieving oats to obtain oat bran; the method comprises the following steps: extracting oat bran through a supercritical extraction technology to obtain pretreated oat bran and an extract, and carrying out gradient membrane treatment and membrane ultrafiltration on the extract to obtain oat oil; extracting the pretreated oat bran through continuous sectional extraction equipment; after first-stage protein extraction, second-stage dextran extraction, third-stage immobilized enzymolysis and fourth-stage filler decoloration, the materials enter a system balance tank, and membrane separation and concentration are performed to obtain the oat beta-dextran. According to the invention, various nutrient substances such as oat beta-glucan, oat protein, oat oil and the like can be extracted at the same time, the defects in the prior art are overcome, the automation degree is high, and energy conservation and emission reduction are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of oat deep processing, and in particular to a process for preparing multiple nutritional components from oats. Background Art

[0002] Oats, Avena genus, Poaceae, are annual or perennial herbaceous plants. Oats are rich in nutritional value and have a higher content of protein, fat, vitamin E, dietary fiber, and mineral elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron, and phosphorus than other cereal crops. They have multiple effects such as lowering blood lipids, cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood sugar, and anti-oxidation.

[0003] Oat protein is one of the main components of oats. Among cereals, oat protein has the highest content, and its essential amino acid composition is reasonable. It contains 8 essential amino acids for the human body. The lysine content is higher than that of wheat and rice, which is conducive to the absorption of other amino acids in the diet. The tryptophan content is also rich, and it has high nutritional and health value. The traditional method of protein extraction technology uses the method of alkali dissolution and acid precipitation. The alkali will cause some amino acid structures in the protein to change and bring toxicity, which is not conducive to food safety. There is also a method of using enzyme preparations to decompose some impurities or degrade proteins into polypeptides through enzymes. The composition of plant protein is complex, and it is impossible to achieve the degradation of all proteins through a single protease. Therefore, the protein extraction rate is not high, which is not conducive to the full utilization of raw materials.

[0004] Oats are rich in oat β-glucan, which has the functions of regulating the three highs, improving the intestines, and enhancing the body's immunity. It can be applied to cosmetics to improve the skin, repair damaged skin, moisturize, and relieve UV damage. Oat β-glucan (Oatβ-Glucan) is a non-starch polysaccharide present in the cell wall of oat endosperm and aleurone layer. It is a high molecular polymer formed by the monomer β-D-pyranose glucose connected by β-(1-3) and β-(1-4) glycosidic bonds. The ratio of β-(1-3) glycosidic bonds to β-(1-4) glycosidic bonds in water-soluble β-glucan is 1:2.5-1:2.6, while the ratio of the corresponding glycosidic bonds in water-insoluble β-glucan is 1:4.2. Among the components of oat endosperm and aleurone cell wall, β-glucan accounts for more than 85%. Most of the relative molecular mass of oat β-glucan ranges from 10KDa to 200KDa.

[0005] In order to increase the solubility and dispersibility of oat β-glucan, the molecular weight of oat β-glucan is generally reduced by fermentation, or by the method of terminal group modification. The fermentation method (such as Chinese patent CN110305920A and Chinese patent CN104846031A) produces enzymes by fermenting oat raw materials with bacterial strains, and degrades oat β-glucan by enzymes. The types of enzymes are difficult to control, and there are many miscellaneous enzymes, which cannot specifically decompose glucan. At the same time, some proteins will also be degraded. The fermentation liquid produced by this method has complex components, and the back end is difficult to purify, and it is difficult to achieve the industrialization of high-content oat β-glucan. The method of group modification (Chinese patent CN103772527A) will introduce many drugs with certain oxidation and corrosiveness, and the defect of inaccurate selection of modification sites is difficult to ensure the safety of products, thereby limiting its use in the fields of cosmetics and food.

[0006] Existing records show that oat β-glucan, oat oil, and oat protein can be extracted separately through a single production line. It is difficult to extract multiple components in one step through a single production line. Traditional oil crop extraction is generally achieved through pressing, subcritical extraction, supercritical extraction, and organic solvent extraction technology. Oats are not suitable for pressing extraction. Subcritical extraction and organic solvent extraction will have heavy organic solvent residue problems. Supercritical extraction is more natural and environmentally friendly, and the equipment investment is relatively large, which is not suitable for large-scale low-value-added products.

[0007] Based on this, developing an oat extraction process that can simultaneously extract multiple nutrients such as oat β-glucan and oat protein is a research focus of researchers in this field and is of great significance. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a process for preparing multiple nutrients from oats, which saves energy and reduces emissions with high efficiency by continuously extracting multiple nutrients.

[0009] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0010] In one aspect, the present invention provides a process for preparing multiple nutritional components from oats, comprising the following steps:

[0011] S1: Oatmeal is crushed and sieved to obtain oat bran;

[0012] S2: Oat bran is extracted at 30-50°C by supercritical extraction technology to obtain pretreated oat bran and extract, and the extract is treated by gradient membrane and membrane ultrafiltration to obtain oat oil;

[0013] S3: The pretreated oat bran obtained in S2 is extracted by a continuous segmented extraction device, wherein the continuous segmented extraction device comprises five sections: protein extraction, glucan extraction, immobilized enzymatic hydrolysis, filler decolorization, and a system balance tank;

[0014] S4: One-stage protein extraction: The pretreated oat bran obtained in S2 is mixed with a buffer solution, the temperature is 40-55°C, the pH is adjusted to 6.5-7.0, and the extraction is performed for 1-1.5 hours to obtain an oat protein extract and bran after one-stage extraction; the oat protein extract is purified to obtain oat protein;

[0015] S5: Second stage glucan extraction: the bran obtained in S4 is mixed with a solvent, stirred at 70-90° C. for 1-2.5 h, with a stirring rate of 100-150 r / min, to obtain a crude oat β-glucan extract and bran after second stage extraction;

[0016] S6: three-stage immobilized enzymolysis: the composite enzyme is immobilized and filled with a diameter-to-height ratio of 1:12-18 to obtain a packing layer; the crude oat β-glucan extract obtained in S5 is cooled to 55-65°C and passed through the packing layer at a flow rate of 700-850kg / h to obtain an enzymolysis solution;

[0017] S7: Four-stage filler decolorization: The enzymatic hydrolyzate obtained in S6 is decolorized by adsorption and enters the system balance tank for membrane separation and concentration to obtain oat β-glucan.

[0018] Preferably, in S1, the mesh number of the sieve is 40-90 mesh; further preferably, in S1, the mesh number of the sieve is 40-80 mesh.

[0019] Preferably, in S2, the pore size of the gradient membrane treatment is 1.2-1.5 μm; further preferably, in S2, the pore size of the gradient membrane treatment is 1.4 μm.

[0020] Preferably, in S2, the retention rate of the membrane ultrafiltration is 45-55 KDa; further preferably, in S2, the retention rate of the membrane ultrafiltration is 45-50 KDa.

[0021] Preferably, in S2, the membrane for membrane ultrafiltration is an inorganic ceramic membrane.

[0022] Preferably, in S3, the continuous segmented extraction equipment further comprises a front-end treatment (supercritical extraction equipment) and a matching membrane separation device.

[0023] Preferably, in S3, the five sections of protein extraction, glucan extraction, immobilized enzymatic hydrolysis, filler decolorization, and system balance tank are designed in series.

[0024] Preferably, in S4, the buffer is sodium phosphate;

[0025] Preferably, in S4, the solid-liquid ratio of the pretreated oat bran to the buffer solution is 1:12-18 g / 100 mL; further preferably, in S4, the solid-liquid ratio of the pretreated oat bran to the buffer solution is 1:12-15 g / 100 mL.

[0026] Preferably, in S4, the purification is inorganic membrane separation purification;

[0027] Preferably, the cutoff of the inorganic membrane separation and purification is 90-110 KDa; further preferably, the cutoff of the inorganic membrane separation and purification is 90-100 KDa.

[0028] Preferably, in S5, the solid-liquid ratio of the bran obtained in S4 to the solvent is 1:18-22 g / 100 mL; further preferably, in S5, the solid-liquid ratio of the bran obtained in S4 to the solvent is 1:18-20 g / 100 mL.

[0029] Preferably, in S5, the solvent is water.

[0030] Preferably, in S5, the stirring time is 1.5-2 h; further preferably, in S5, the stirring time is 2 h.

[0031] Preferably, in S5, the bran after the second-stage extraction is dried and used as feed.

[0032] Preferably, in S6, the complex enzyme comprises cellulase, pentosanase and xylanase.

[0033] Preferably, the mass ratio of the cellulase, pentosanase and xylanase is 3-5:4-6:7-9; further preferably, the mass ratio of the cellulase, pentosanase and xylanase is 4:5:8.

[0034] Preferably, the enzymatic activity of the cellulase is 18000-25000 u / g; further preferably, the enzymatic activity of the cellulase is 18000-20000 u / g.

[0035] Preferably, the enzymatic activity of the pentosanase is 8000-12000u / g; further preferably, the enzymatic activity of the pentosanase is 8000-10000u / g.

[0036] Preferably, the enzymatic activity of the xylanase is 180,000-220,000 u / g; further preferably, the enzymatic activity of the xylanase is 180,000-200,000 u / g.

[0037] Preferably, in S7, the adsorption and decolorization filler is activated carbon.

[0038] Preferably, in S7, the cutoff of the membrane separation is 18-22 KDa; further preferably, in S7, the cutoff of the membrane separation is 18-20 KDa.

[0039] Preferably, in S7, the concentration is membrane concentration with a cut-off of 0.8-1.2 KDa; more preferably, the cut-off is 1 KDa.

[0040] Preferably, S7 further comprises the steps of drying and screening.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] 1. The present invention uses supercritical extraction technology to extract avenanthramides and oat oil from oat bran with carbon dioxide, extracts heat-sensitive substances at low temperature, and retains the effective ingredients of medicinal plants in the extract. It can also extract substances with high boiling point, low volatility, and easy pyrolysis at a temperature far below their boiling point to obtain oat oil rich in oat alkaloids. The oat oil can be used as an antioxidant and antihistamine ingredient in cosmetics, and can also be used as a food, with certain efficacy.

[0043] 2. The protein extraction of the present invention adopts low-temperature extraction with a buffer solution, avoids the use of acid and alkali, protects the activity of the protein, and solves the environmental protection problem.

[0044] 3. The enzymatic hydrolysis process of the present invention adopts immobilized enzyme filler operation, the enzyme preparation can be reused, and the degree of enzymatic hydrolysis can be controlled by flow rate. There are fewer enzyme inactivation steps, and the generation of heat-sensitive materials in the product is reduced.

[0045] 4. The present invention adopts a filler method in the decolorization process, changes the traditional method of adding, mixing and stirring, improves the decolorization efficiency, solves the problem of difficult removal of activated carbon at the back end, and the filler activated carbon can be reused.

[0046] 5. The multi-product separation of the present invention is mainly achieved through membrane separation equipment, which has high separation accuracy, high degree of automation, high efficiency and low energy consumption.

[0047] 6. The present invention can simultaneously extract oat β-glucan, oat protein, oat oil and other nutrients, making up for the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0048] 7. The present invention uses less medicines in the whole process, and all additives are food-grade raw and auxiliary materials, which meet the food safety usage specifications; the raw material utilization rate is high, no waste is generated, and resources are used rationally; the amount of wastewater generated is small, and the COD, BOD and suspended solids content in the water are low, which is easy to handle. The wastewater can be fermented anaerobicly, and after aerobic fermentation, it can be separated by ultrafiltration membrane and filtered by reverse osmosis membrane to achieve wastewater recycling, solve the problem of water resource consumption and environmental protection.

[0049] 8. The present invention independently developed a continuous segmented extraction device with strong continuity, which can continuously feed and extract. The system reduces pipeline transportation and reduces dead corners of residual liquid. The system is highly airtight, eliminating contact with air and avoiding microbial contamination. The equipment realizes multi-component segmented extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, and continuous decolorization. It is equipped with membrane separation equipment to achieve high purification, high recovery rate, and improve product quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 This is an equipment and process flow chart of the process of Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] In order to make the technical means, creative features, purpose and effect of the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, not all. Based on the embodiments in the implementation mode, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It is worth noting that the raw materials used in the present invention are all common commercial products, and their sources are not specifically limited. The technology and scientific terms used in the embodiments have the meanings commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] A process for preparing multiple nutritional components from oats comprises the following steps:

[0054] S1: Grind and sieve oats to obtain oat bran of 60 mesh size.

[0055] S2: Oat bran pretreatment: The screened oat bran is subjected to supercritical extraction technology, and the extraction temperature is controlled at 40° C. Avenanthramide and oat oil in the oat bran are extracted by carbon dioxide to obtain pretreated oat bran and extract.

[0056] The extract is processed through a 1.4μm gradient membrane to remove some protein and starch substances, while achieving a sterilization effect. After ultrafiltration through an inorganic ceramic membrane 50KDa membrane, oat oil rich in oat alkaloids can be obtained.

[0057] S3: The pretreated oat bran obtained in S2 is Figure 1 The continuous segmented extraction equipment shown in the figure is used for extraction, and the continuous segmented extraction equipment comprises five sections: protein extraction, glucan extraction, immobilized enzymatic hydrolysis, filler decolorization, and system balance tank.

[0058] S4: One-stage protein extraction: Mix the pretreated oat bran with sodium phosphate buffer at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g / 100 mL, control the extraction temperature at 48°C, adjust the pH to 6.5-7.0, extract for 1 hour, and use the separation equipment provided by the equipment to perform solid-liquid separation to obtain the oat protein extract and the bran after one-stage extraction.

[0059] The oat protein extract is separated and purified by a 100KDa inorganic membrane, and then the oat protein product is obtained by a low-temperature spray drying tower, and the protein content can reach 60-80%. The low-temperature extraction retains the natural activity of the protein, and the process does not use alkali or acid substances, which solves the environmental protection problem well.

[0060] S5: Second stage glucan extraction: The bran after the first stage extraction enters the second stage extraction process of the equipment and is mixed with water. It is stirred at high speed for 2 hours, with a rotation speed of 120r / min, a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20g / 100mL, and a temperature of 80℃ to fully dissolve the oat β-glucan in the extract to obtain a crude oat β-glucan extract and the bran after the second stage extraction; the crude oat β-glucan extract enters the third stage enzymatic hydrolysis reaction process, and the bran is separated and squeezed by the equipment, and can be used as feed after drying;

[0061] S6: Three-stage immobilized enzymatic hydrolysis: Adopt immobilized enzyme filling design, mix 20000u / g cellulase, 10000u / g pentosanase and 200000u / g xylanase in the ratio of 4:5:8, and then immobilize the composite enzyme through porous ceramic material for filling, control the diameter-to-height ratio to 1:15, and obtain the enzyme preparation filling layer.

[0062] The crude oat β-glucan extract was cooled to 63°C through a heat exchanger, with a flow rate of 800 kg / h, and passed through an enzyme preparation filler layer.

[0063] S7: Four-stage filler decolorization: The enzymatic hydrolyzate obtained in S6 passes through the activated carbon filler layer for decolorization and adsorption, and the refined extract enters the system balance tank, where the oat β-glucan is separated by a 20KDa polyethersulfone organic membrane and concentrated by a 1KDa nanofiltration membrane; the finished product is spray-dried at low temperature, sieved, packaged and stored.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] A process for preparing multiple nutritional components from oats comprises the following steps:

[0066] S1: Crush and sieve oats to obtain oat bran of 80 mesh size.

[0067] S2: Oat bran pretreatment: The screened oat bran is subjected to supercritical extraction technology, and the extraction temperature is controlled at 30° C. Avenanthramide and oat oil in the oat bran are extracted by carbon dioxide to obtain pretreated oat bran and extract.

[0068] The extract is processed through a 1.4μm gradient membrane to remove some protein and starch substances, while achieving a sterilization effect. After ultrafiltration through an inorganic ceramic membrane 45KDa membrane, oat oil rich in oat alkaloids can be obtained.

[0069] S3: The pretreated oat bran obtained in S2 is Figure 1 The continuous segmented extraction equipment shown in the figure is used for extraction, and the continuous segmented extraction equipment comprises five sections: protein extraction, glucan extraction, immobilized enzymatic hydrolysis, filler decolorization, and system balance tank.

[0070] S4: One-stage protein extraction: Mix the pretreated oat bran with sodium phosphate buffer at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:12 g / 100 mL, control the extraction temperature at 45°C, adjust the pH to 6.5-7.0, extract for 1 hour, and use the equipment's own separation equipment to perform solid-liquid separation to obtain oat protein extract and bran after one-stage extraction.

[0071] The oat protein extract is separated and purified by a 90KDa inorganic membrane, and then the oat protein product is obtained by a low-temperature spray drying tower, and the protein content can reach 60-80%. The low-temperature extraction retains the natural activity of the protein, and the process does not use alkali or acid substances, which solves the environmental protection problem well.

[0072] S5: Second stage glucan extraction: The bran after the first stage extraction enters the second stage extraction process of the equipment and is mixed with water. It is stirred at high speed for 1.5 hours, with a rotation speed of 120r / min, a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20g / 100mL, and a temperature of 75°C to fully dissolve the oat β-glucan in the extract to obtain a crude oat β-glucan extract and bran after the second stage extraction; the crude oat β-glucan extract enters the third stage enzymatic hydrolysis reaction process, and the bran is separated and squeezed by the equipment, and can be used as feed after drying;

[0073] S6: Three-stage immobilized enzymatic hydrolysis: Using immobilized enzyme filling design, 20000u / g cellulase, 10000u / g pentosanase, and 200000u / g xylanase were compounded in a ratio of 3:6:9, and then the composite enzyme was immobilized through a porous ceramic material for filling, and the diameter-to-height ratio was controlled to be 1:15 to obtain an enzyme preparation filling layer.

[0074] The crude oat β-glucan extract was cooled to 60°C through a heat exchanger, with a flow rate of 800 kg / h, and passed through an enzyme preparation filler layer.

[0075] S7: Four-stage filler decolorization: The enzymatic hydrolyzate obtained in S6 passes through the activated carbon filler layer for decolorization and adsorption, and the refined extract enters the system balance tank, where the oat β-glucan is separated by a 20KDa polyethersulfone organic membrane and concentrated by a 1KDa nanofiltration membrane; the finished product is spray-dried at low temperature, sieved, packaged and stored.

[0076] Example 3

[0077] A process for preparing multiple nutritional components from oats comprises the following steps:

[0078] S1: Grind and sieve oats to obtain oat bran of 60 mesh size.

[0079] S2: Oat bran pretreatment: The screened oat bran is subjected to supercritical extraction technology, and the extraction temperature is controlled at 45° C. Avenanthramide and oat oil in the oat bran are extracted by carbon dioxide to obtain pretreated oat bran and extract.

[0080] The extract is processed through a 1.4μm gradient membrane to remove some protein and starch substances, while achieving a sterilization effect. After ultrafiltration through an inorganic ceramic membrane 55KDa membrane, oat oil rich in oat alkaloids can be obtained.

[0081] S3: The pretreated oat bran obtained in S2 is Figure 1 The continuous segmented extraction equipment shown in the figure is used for extraction, and the continuous segmented extraction equipment comprises five sections: protein extraction, glucan extraction, immobilized enzymatic hydrolysis, filler decolorization, and system balance tank.

[0082] S4: One-stage protein extraction: Mix the pretreated oat bran with sodium phosphate buffer at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:18 g / 100 mL, control the extraction temperature at 50°C, adjust the pH to 6.5-7.0, extract for 1 hour, and use the separation equipment provided by the equipment to perform solid-liquid separation to obtain the oat protein extract and the bran after one-stage extraction.

[0083] The oat protein extract is separated and purified by a 110KDa inorganic membrane, and then the oat protein product is obtained by a low-temperature spray drying tower, and the protein content can reach 60-80%. The low-temperature extraction retains the natural activity of the protein, and the process does not use alkali or acid substances, which solves the environmental protection problem well.

[0084] S5: Second stage glucan extraction: The bran after the first stage extraction enters the second stage extraction process of the equipment and is mixed with water. It is stirred at high speed for 2 hours, with a rotation speed of 120r / min, a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20g / 100mL, and a temperature of 85℃ to fully dissolve the oat β-glucan in the extract to obtain a crude oat β-glucan extract and the bran after the second stage extraction; the crude oat β-glucan extract enters the third stage enzymatic hydrolysis reaction process, and the bran is separated and squeezed by the equipment, and can be used as feed after drying;

[0085] S6: Three-stage immobilized enzymatic hydrolysis: Using immobilized enzyme filling design, 20000u / g cellulase, 10000u / g pentosanase, and 200000u / g xylanase were compounded in a ratio of 5:4:7, and then the composite enzyme was immobilized through a porous ceramic material for filling, and the diameter-to-height ratio was controlled to be 1:15 to obtain an enzyme preparation filling layer.

[0086] The crude oat β-glucan extract was cooled to 65°C through a heat exchanger, with a flow rate of 800 kg / h, and passed through an enzyme preparation filler layer.

[0087] S7: Four-stage filler decolorization: The enzymatic hydrolyzate obtained in S6 passes through the activated carbon filler layer for decolorization and adsorption, and the refined extract enters the system balance tank, where the oat β-glucan is separated by a 20KDa polyethersulfone organic membrane and concentrated by a 1KDa nanofiltration membrane; the finished product is spray-dried at low temperature, sieved, packaged and stored.

[0088] Comparative Example 1

[0089] A process for preparing multiple nutritional components from oats comprises the following steps:

[0090] S1: Grind and sieve oats to obtain oat bran in the range of 60 mesh.

[0091] S2: Oat bran pretreatment: The screened oat bran is subjected to supercritical extraction technology, the extraction temperature is controlled at 65°C, and avenanthramides and oat oil in the oat bran are extracted by carbon dioxide to obtain pretreated oat bran and extracts.

[0092] The extract is ultrafiltered through an inorganic ceramic membrane 50KDa to obtain oat oil rich in oat alkaloids.

[0093] S3: The pretreated oat bran obtained in S2 is Figure 1 The continuous segmented extraction equipment shown in the figure is used for extraction, and the continuous segmented extraction equipment comprises five sections: protein extraction, glucan extraction, immobilized enzymatic hydrolysis, filler decolorization, and system balance tank.

[0094] S4: One-stage protein extraction: Mix the pretreated oat bran with sodium phosphate buffer at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 g / 100 mL, control the extraction temperature at 65°C, adjust the pH to 6.5-7.0, extract for 1 hour, and use the separation equipment provided by the equipment to perform solid-liquid separation to obtain the oat protein extract and the bran after one-stage extraction.

[0095] The oat protein extract is separated and purified by a 100KDa inorganic membrane and then passed through a low-temperature spray drying tower to obtain an oat protein product with a protein content of 60-80%.

[0096] S5: Second stage glucan extraction: The bran after the first stage extraction enters the second stage extraction process of the equipment and is mixed with water. It is stirred at high speed for 2 hours, with a rotation speed of 120r / min, a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20g / 100mL, and a temperature of 95℃ to fully dissolve the oat β-glucan in the extract to obtain a crude oat β-glucan extract and the bran after the second stage extraction; the crude oat β-glucan extract enters the third stage enzymatic hydrolysis reaction process, and the bran is separated and squeezed by the equipment, and can be used as feed after drying;

[0097] S6: Three-stage immobilized enzymatic hydrolysis: Adopt immobilized enzyme filling design, mix 20000u / g cellulase, 10000u / g pentosanase and 200000u / g xylanase in the ratio of 4:5:8, and then immobilize the composite enzyme through porous ceramic material for filling, control the diameter-to-height ratio to 1:15, and obtain the enzyme preparation filling layer.

[0098] The crude oat β-glucan extract was cooled to 55°C through a heat exchanger, with a flow rate of 800 kg / h, and passed through the enzyme preparation filler layer.

[0099] S7: Four-stage filler decolorization: The enzymatic hydrolyzate obtained in S6 passes through the activated carbon filler layer for decolorization and adsorption, and the refined extract enters the system balance tank, where the oat β-glucan is separated by a 20KDa polyethersulfone organic membrane and concentrated by a 1KDa nanofiltration membrane; the finished product is spray-dried at low temperature, sieved, packaged and stored.

[0100] Comparative Example 2

[0101] A process for preparing multiple nutritional components from oats comprises the following steps:

[0102] S1: Grind and sieve oats to obtain oat bran in the range of 60 mesh.

[0103] S2: Oat bran pretreatment: The screened oat bran is subjected to supercritical extraction technology, the extraction temperature is controlled at 40°C, and avenanthramides and oat oil in the oat bran are extracted by carbon dioxide to obtain pretreated oat bran and extracts.

[0104] The extract is processed through a 1.4μm gradient membrane to remove some protein and starch substances, while achieving a sterilization effect. After ultrafiltration through an inorganic ceramic membrane 50KDa membrane, oat oil rich in oat alkaloids can be obtained.

[0105] S3: The pretreated oat bran obtained in S2 is Figure 1 The continuous segmented extraction equipment shown in the figure is used for extraction, and the continuous segmented extraction equipment comprises five sections: protein extraction, glucan extraction, immobilized enzymatic hydrolysis, filler decolorization, and system balance tank.

[0106] S4: One-stage protein extraction: The pretreated oat bran was mixed with a mixed aqueous solution of sodium chloride and EDTA (mass ratio 10:1, total concentration of sodium chloride and EDTA was 1%), with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g / 100 mL, the extraction temperature was controlled at 48°C, the pH was adjusted to 6.5-7.0, and the equipment was used for one-stage extraction for 1 hour. The solid-liquid separation was performed using the separation equipment provided in the equipment to obtain an oat protein extract and bran after one-stage extraction.

[0107] The oat protein extract is separated and purified by a 100KDa inorganic membrane, and then the oat protein product is obtained by a low-temperature spray drying tower, and the protein content can reach 60-80%. The low-temperature extraction retains the natural activity of the protein, and the process does not use alkali or acid substances, which solves the environmental protection problem well.

[0108] S5: Second stage glucan extraction: The bran after the first stage extraction enters the second stage extraction process of the equipment and is mixed with the solvent. It is stirred at high speed for 2 hours, with a rotation speed of 120r / min, a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20g / 100mL, and a temperature of 80℃ to fully dissolve the oat β-glucan in the extract to obtain the oat β-glucan crude extract and the bran after the second stage extraction; the oat β-glucan crude extract enters the third stage enzymatic hydrolysis reaction process, and the bran is separated and squeezed by the equipment, and can be used as feed after drying;

[0109] S6: Three-stage immobilized enzymatic hydrolysis: Adopt immobilized enzyme filling design, mix 20000u / g cellulase, 10000u / g pentosanase and 200000u / g xylanase in the ratio of 4:5:8, and then immobilize the composite enzyme through porous ceramic material for filling, control the diameter-to-height ratio to 1:15, and obtain the enzyme preparation filling layer.

[0110] The crude oat β-glucan extract was cooled to 63°C through a heat exchanger, with a flow rate of 800 kg / h, and passed through an enzyme preparation filler layer.

[0111] S7: Four-stage filler decolorization: The enzymatic hydrolyzate obtained in S6 passes through the activated carbon filler layer for decolorization and adsorption, and the refined extract enters the system balance tank, where the oat β-glucan is separated by a 20KDa polyethersulfone organic membrane and concentrated by a 1KDa nanofiltration membrane; the finished product is spray-dried at low temperature, sieved, packaged and stored.

[0112] Comparative Example 3

[0113] A process for preparing multiple nutritional components from oats comprises the following steps:

[0114] Compared with Example 1, only the complex enzyme in S6 was changed to cellulase, and the total enzyme activity was consistent with that in Example 1. The rest of the operations were the same as those in Example 1.

[0115] Comparative Example 4

[0116] A process for preparing multiple nutritional components from oats comprises the following steps:

[0117] Compared with Example 1, only the complex enzyme in S6 was changed to pentosanase, and the total enzyme activity was consistent with that in Example 1. The rest of the operations were the same as those in Example 1.

[0118] Comparative Example 5

[0119] A process for preparing multiple nutritional components from oats comprises the following steps:

[0120] Compared with Example 1, only the complex enzyme in S6 was changed to xylanase, and the total enzyme activity was consistent with that in Example 1. The rest of the operations were the same as those in Example 1.

[0121] Comparative Example 6

[0122] A process for preparing multiple nutritional components from oats comprises the following steps:

[0123] Compared with Example 1, only the complex enzyme in S6 was changed to cellulase and xylanase in a ratio of 4:8, and the total enzyme activity was consistent with that in Example 1. The rest of the operations were the same as in Example 1.

[0124] Comparative Example 7

[0125] A process for preparing multiple nutritional components from oats comprises the following steps:

[0126] Compared with Example 1, only the complex enzyme in S6 was changed to cellulase and pentosanase in a ratio of 4:5, and the total enzyme activity was consistent with that in Example 1. The rest of the operations were the same as in Example 1.

[0127] Comparative Example 8

[0128] A process for preparing multiple nutritional components from oats comprises the following steps:

[0129] Compared with Example 1, only the composite enzyme in S6 was changed to add a thermostable α-amylase to hydrolyze starch, and the total enzyme activity was consistent with that in Example 1. The rest of the operations were the same as in Example 1.

[0130] Comparative Example 9

[0131] A process for preparing multiple nutritional components from oats comprises the following steps:

[0132] Compared with Example 1, only the ratio of cellulase, pentosanase and xylanase in S6 was changed to 2:1:10. The rest of the operations were the same as in Example 1.

[0133] Test Example 1

[0134] The products obtained in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention were tested, and the test basis is as follows:

[0135] Oat β-glucan testing basis: NY / T2006-2011;

[0136] Protein detection basis: GB / T5009.5-2016;

[0137] Pentosan testing basis: NY / T2335-2013;

[0138] Glucose testing basis: GB / T5009.8-2023;

[0139] Avena sativa anthraamide detection basis: GB / T 36942-2018.

[0140] The products obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-9 were tested, as shown in Table 1:

[0141] Table 1. Nutrient content

[0142] As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the specific supercritical extraction technology of the present invention uses carbon dioxide to extract avenanthramides and oat oils in oat bran and separates them through a specific membrane, then uses a buffer to extract protein at low temperature, avoids the use of acid and alkali, protects the activity of protein, and solves environmental protection problems; through a specific enzymatic hydrolysis section, an immobilized enzyme filler is used to operate, so that the β-glucan in oats is extracted efficiently, although accompanied by a little pentosan that has the effects of enhancing immunity, anti-oxidation, reducing inflammation, promoting intestinal health, and supporting cardiovascular health, but the content of glucose (impurity) is very low. The products of Examples 1-3 simultaneously contain a high content of β-glucan, protein, and avenanthramide. Comparative Example 1 reduces β-glucan and increases glucose content by adjusting each extraction temperature; protein and avenanthramide content are reduced. Comparative Example 2 does not undergo a membrane separation step, and the buffer of S4 is also replaced. It can be seen that its protein and avenanthramide content are significantly reduced. Comparative Examples 3-9 mainly change the composite enzyme in S6, and it can be obtained that its β-glucan content is significantly reduced and its glucose content is significantly increased.

[0143] Finally, it should be noted that the above content is only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, rather than to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solution of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field do not deviate from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A process for preparing multiple nutrients from oats, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Oatmeal is crushed and sieved to obtain oat bran; S2: Oat bran is extracted at 30-50°C by supercritical extraction technology to obtain pretreated oat bran and extract, and the extract is treated by gradient membrane and membrane ultrafiltration to obtain oat oil; S3: The pretreated oat bran obtained in S2 is extracted by a continuous segmented extraction device, wherein the continuous segmented extraction device comprises five sections: protein extraction, glucan extraction, immobilized enzymatic hydrolysis, filler decolorization, and a system balance tank; S4: One-stage protein extraction: The pretreated oat bran obtained in S2 is mixed with a buffer solution, the temperature is 40-55°C, the pH is adjusted to 6.5-7.0, and the extraction is performed for 1-1.5 hours to obtain an oat protein extract and bran after one-stage extraction; the oat protein extract is purified to obtain oat protein; S5: Second stage glucan extraction: the bran obtained in S4 is mixed with a solvent, stirred at 70-90° C. for 1-2.5 h, with a stirring rate of 100-150 r / min, to obtain a crude oat β-glucan extract and bran after second stage extraction; S6: three-stage immobilized enzymolysis: the composite enzyme is immobilized and filled with a diameter-to-height ratio of 1:12-18 to obtain a packing layer; the crude oat β-glucan extract obtained in S5 is cooled to 55-65°C and passed through the packing layer at a flow rate of 700-850kg / h to obtain an enzymolysis solution; S7: Four-stage filler decolorization: The enzymatic hydrolyzate obtained in S6 is decolorized by adsorption and enters the system balance tank for membrane separation and concentration to obtain oat β-glucan.

2. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that In S1, the mesh size of the sieving is 40-90 meshes.

3. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that In S2, the pore size of the gradient membrane treatment is 1.2-1.5 μm; the retention rate of the membrane ultrafiltration is 45-55 KDa.

4. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that In S3, the five sections of protein extraction, glucan extraction, immobilized enzymatic hydrolysis, filler decolorization, and system balance tank are designed in series.

5. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that In S4, the buffer solution is sodium phosphate; the solid-liquid ratio of the pretreated oat bran to the buffer solution is 1:12-18 g / 100 mL.

6. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that In S4, the purification is inorganic membrane separation purification; the retention capacity of the inorganic membrane separation purification is 90-110KDa.

7. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that In S5, the material-liquid ratio of the bran obtained in S4 to the solvent is 1:18-22 g / 100 mL.

8. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that In S6, the complex enzyme comprises cellulase, pentosanase and xylanase; the mass ratio of the cellulase, pentosanase and xylanase is 3-5:4-6:7-9.

9. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that The enzymatic activity of the cellulase is 18000-25000u / g; the enzymatic activity of the pentosanase is 8000-12000u / g; and the enzymatic activity of the xylanase is 180000-220000u / g.

10. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that In S7, the filler for adsorption and decolorization is activated carbon; the retention capacity of the membrane separation is 18-22KDa; and the concentration is membrane concentration with a retention capacity of 0.8-1.2KDa.

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