Drainage anti-seepage system of long-distance tunnel

Abstract

The invention relates to a drainage anti-seepage system for a long-distance tunnel, which belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and is characterized in that a buffer wall and a water retaining wall are arranged in a sealing manner, so that water flow in a to-be-developed section cannot directly flow into an adjacent developed tunnel, and the adjacent developed tunnel is protected; meanwhile, the buffer wall is arranged, one end of a buffer hole formed in the buffer wall is directly communicated with the buffer space, and the other end of the buffer hole is separated from the end face, close to the to-be-developed section, of the buffer wall by a certain distance, so that when high-pressure water in the to-be-developed section impacts on the buffer wall, the impact force of the high-pressure water is relieved due to blocking of the buffer wall, and the development efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the high-pressure water can gradually permeate into the buffer wall and then flow into the buffer space through the buffer holes, and at the moment, the pressure of the water flow flowing into the buffer space is reduced; and the reduced water pressure flows into the drainage groove through the water discharge hole to be discharged, so that high-pressure drainage of the long-distance tunnel is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel construction technology, and specifically relates to a drainage and seepage prevention system for long-distance tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] One common problem encountered during underground engineering construction within aquifers is water inrush. Water inrush is the phenomenon of groundwater gushing out in large quantities from the pores or fissures of the geological structure at the working face, causing difficulties for construction.

[0003] For example, the utility model patent with patent authorization announcement number CN205370597U includes a grouting and sealing layer between the secondary lining layer and the primary lining layer in the tunnel arch section and an internal drainage pipe in the tunnel circumferential sidewall section; on the one hand, it seals the source of leakage water outside the secondary lining by sealing the source of leakage water in the arch section, thereby controlling leakage at the source; on the other hand, it discharges the leakage source water outside the tunnel by setting up a drainage pipe in the circumferential sidewall section.

[0004] Based on the search of patent grant announcement numbers and considering their shortcomings, the following was found: Existing tunnel drainage systems all use drainage pipes to discharge water from the tunnel. However, because the drainage pipes are directly connected to the space inside the tunnel, the water pressure entering the tunnel is high, which can damage the drainage pipe structure and reduce the efficiency of the tunnel drainage system or even prevent it from working properly. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problem of existing tunnel drainage systems, which rely on drainage pipes to remove water from the tunnel, this invention provides a drainage and seepage prevention system for long-distance tunnels. This system addresses the issue of high water pressure entering the tunnel, which can damage the drainage pipe structure and reduce the efficiency of the drainage system, or even prevent it from functioning properly.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A drainage and seepage prevention system for a long-distance tunnel includes a tunnel structure excavated beside an adjacent tunnel. The tunnel structure includes a drainage section and a section to be developed that are interconnected. The drainage section is connected to the adjacent tunnel. The tunnel structure also includes a buffer wall and a water-retaining wall. Along the direction from the drainage section to the section to be developed, the water-retaining wall and the buffer wall are sequentially and sealed within the drainage section. A buffer space exists between the buffer wall and the water-retaining wall. The buffer wall has a buffer hole, one end of which is connected to the buffer space, and the other end of which is spaced a certain distance from the end face of the buffer wall near the section to be developed. The retaining wall is provided with drainage holes, and the bottom of the drainage section is provided with a drainage trough. The drainage holes are connected to the buffer space and the drainage trough respectively.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tunnel structure further includes a water-stopping block, which is disposed within the development section, and the drainage channel is located between the water-stopping block and the retaining wall.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a sealing groove is coaxially formed on the top of the drainage trough. The tunnel structure further includes a drainage assembly, which includes a sealing cover, a lifting unit, and a hollow supporting block. The sealing cover has a through hole. The supporting block is slidably disposed in the drainage trough. The sealing cover is slidably disposed in the sealing groove. The two ends of the lifting unit are respectively connected to the sealing cover and the supporting block. The sealing cover can lock or release its sealing relationship with the sealing groove.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lifting unit includes a drive rack, a driven rack, a drive gear, a fixed rod, and a return spring. One end of the fixed rod is disposed on the inner wall of the drainage groove. The drive gear is coaxially connected to the other end of the fixed rod. One end of the drive rack is connected to the bearing block, and its other end is meshed with one end of the drive gear. One end of the driven rack is connected to the sealing cover, and its other end is meshed with the other end of the drive gear. The two ends of the return spring are respectively connected to the fixed rod and the bearing block.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bearing block includes a bearing housing, a bearing base, and a bearing spring. The bearing housing is connected to the drive rack. The bearing base is hinged to the bottom of the bearing housing. The two ends of the bearing spring are respectively connected to the bearing housing and the bearing base. The bearing base has a plurality of drainage holes that are not interconnected. The bearing base can lock or release its sealing relationship with the bearing housing.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cross-sectional area of ​​the supporting shell is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the drainage groove, and the through hole is located directly above the supporting shell.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drainage assembly further includes a disassembly rod, a disassembly spring, an auxiliary rod, and a contact hook. The auxiliary rod is disposed on the inner wall of the drainage channel. The disassembly rod is slidably disposed on the auxiliary rod along the axial direction of the auxiliary rod. The disassembly spring is coaxially sleeved on the auxiliary rod, and both ends of the disassembly spring are respectively connected to the inner wall of the drainage channel and the disassembly rod. The contact hook is disposed at the bottom of the supporting chassis and is located at the top of the disassembly rod. The contact hook can lock or release its abutting relationship with the disassembly rod.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the disassembly rod includes an adhesive block and a vertical rod. The vertical rod is slidably and vertically mounted on the auxiliary rod. The adhesive block is mounted on the top of the vertical rod. The top of the adhesive block is inclined, and the vertical height of the adhesive block gradually decreases when viewed along the axial direction of the auxiliary rod. There is a certain distance between the end face of the adhesive block with the smallest vertical height and the vertical rod. The abutment hook can lock or release its contact with the bottom surface of the adhesive block.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drainage assembly further includes a plurality of one-way valves, and the plurality of one-way valves and a plurality of leak holes are matched one-to-one, with each of the one-way valves being sealed within the corresponding leak hole.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bearing block further includes a sealing block, a sealing spring, a sealing rod, and a hinge rod. The bearing housing has a sliding groove and a moving groove. The sealing block is slidably disposed in the sliding groove. The moving groove and the sliding groove are interconnected. The sealing rod is slidably disposed in the moving groove. The two ends of the hinge rod are respectively hinged to the sealing rod and the sealing block. The sealing spring is disposed in the sliding groove. The two ends of the sealing spring are respectively connected to the sealing block and the bearing block. The sealing block and the bearing block can jointly lock or release their sealing fit with the inner wall of the drainage groove.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This solution utilizes a sealed buffer wall and a water-retaining wall to prevent water from flowing directly into adjacent, already developed tunnels, thus protecting the latter. Simultaneously, the buffer wall, with its buffer holes, connects directly to the buffer space at one end and is spaced a certain distance from the end of the buffer wall near the section to be developed. Therefore, when high-pressure water from the section to be developed impacts the buffer wall, the impact is mitigated by the buffer wall, allowing the high-pressure water to gradually seep into the buffer wall and then flow into the buffer space through the buffer holes. At this point, the water pressure in the buffer space has decreased. The reduced water pressure then flows through the discharge holes into the drainage channel for discharge, achieving high-pressure drainage for long-distance tunnels. This solves the problem of existing tunnel drainage systems, which rely on drainage pipes to remove water. However, because these pipes are directly connected to the tunnel space, the high pressure of the water flowing into the tunnel can damage the drainage pipe structure, leading to reduced efficiency or even malfunction of the tunnel drainage system. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 This is an overall diagram of a drainage and seepage prevention system for a long-distance tunnel according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a diagram of the drainage components of a drainage and seepage prevention system for a long-distance tunnel according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the load-bearing block of a drainage and seepage prevention system for a long-distance tunnel according to the present invention.

[0019] Explanation of main symbols In the diagram: 1. Drainage section; 101. Drainage trough; 2. Section to be developed; 3. Buffer wall; 301. Buffer hole; 4. Water retaining wall; 401. Drain hole; 5. Water stop block; 6. Sealing cover; 7. Lifting unit; 701. Drive rack; 702. Driven rack; 703. Drive gear; 704. Fixing rod; 705. Return spring; 8. Bearing block; 801. Bearing housing; 802. Bearing chassis; 8021. Leakage hole; 803. Bearing spring; 9. Disassembly rod; 901. Adhesive block; 902. Vertical rod; 10. Disassembly spring; 11. Auxiliary rod; 12. Abutment hook; 13. One-way valve; 14. Sealing block; 15. Sealing spring; 16. Sealing rod; 17. Hinge rod. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided.

[0021] Please see Figure 1-3 This embodiment provides a drainage and seepage prevention system for a long-distance tunnel, including a tunnel structure excavated beside an adjacent tunnel. The tunnel structure includes a drainage section 1 and a section to be developed 2 connected to each other. The drainage section 1 is interconnected with the adjacent tunnel. The tunnel structure also includes a buffer wall 3 and a water-retaining wall 4. Along the direction from the drainage section 1 to the section to be developed 2, the water-retaining wall 4 and the buffer wall 3 are sequentially and sealed within the drainage section 1. A buffer space exists between the buffer wall 3 and the water-retaining wall 4. The buffer wall 3 has a buffer hole 301, one end of which is connected to the buffer space, and the other end is spaced a certain distance from the end face of the buffer wall 3 near the section to be developed 2. The water-retaining wall 4 has a drainage hole 401. A drainage trough 101 is provided at the bottom of the drainage section 1, and the drainage hole 401 is interconnected with both the buffer space and the drainage trough 101. This solution, by sealing the buffer wall 3 and the water-retaining wall 4, prevents water from flowing directly into the adjacent, already developed tunnel, thus protecting the adjacent, already developed tunnel. The tunnel is constructed with a buffer wall 3. The buffer wall 3 has a buffer hole 301, one end of which is directly connected to the buffer space, while the other end is spaced a certain distance from the end face of the buffer wall 3 near the section to be developed 2. Therefore, when high-pressure water from the section to be developed 2 impacts the buffer wall 3, the impact force is reduced due to the buffer wall 3's obstruction. Simultaneously, the high-pressure water gradually penetrates into the buffer wall 3 and flows into the buffer space through the buffer hole 301. At this point, the water pressure flowing into the buffer space has decreased. The reduced water pressure then flows through the drain hole 401 to the drainage trough 101 for discharge, achieving high-pressure drainage for long-distance tunnels. This solves the problem that existing tunnel drainage systems, which rely on drainage pipes to remove water from the tunnel, suffer from high water pressure due to the direct connection between the drainage pipes and the tunnel's internal space. This damages the drainage pipe structure, leading to reduced efficiency or even malfunction of the tunnel's drainage system. Furthermore, it is worth noting that the drainage trough 101 in this scheme includes a low-pressure drainage trough and a high-pressure drainage trough. The low-pressure drainage trough is located within the buffer space, while the high-pressure drainage trough is located outside the buffer space. When the high-pressure water flows into the buffer space too quickly through infiltration, the excess water will flow into the high-pressure drainage trough through the drain hole 401 and be discharged. When the high-pressure water flows into the buffer space too slowly through infiltration, the water in the buffer space will be discharged through the low-pressure drainage trough. It is also worth noting that when the water flow rate within the section to be developed 2 is low, it will infiltrate out of the section to be developed 2 through infiltration.

[0022] In addition, to prevent water flowing out of the buffer space into the adjacent tunnel from flowing into the drainage channel 101, the tunnel structure of this scheme also includes a water-stop block 5. The water-stop block 5 is set between the drainage section 1 and the adjacent tunnel, and the drainage channel 101 is located between the water-stop block 5 and the water-retaining wall 4.

[0023] Furthermore, since the water flowing into the drainage trough 101 during drainage may be mixed with mud and sand, which may cause blockage of the drainage trough 101, in order to solve this problem, the top of the drainage trough 101 is coaxially provided with a sealing groove. The tunnel structure also includes a drainage component, which includes a sealing cover 6, a lifting unit 7 and a hollow bearing block 8. The sealing cover 6 has a through hole. The bearing block 8 is slidably set in the drainage trough 101. The sealing cover 6 is slidably set in the sealing groove. The two ends of the lifting unit 7 are respectively connected to the sealing cover 6 and the bearing block 8. The sealing cover 6 can lock or release its sealing relationship with the sealing groove. With the lifting unit 7 in place, the sealing cover 6 is normally sealed to the sealing groove, and the sealing cover 6 has a through hole through which water can flow into the drainage trough 101. When sediment is mixed with the water and flows into the drainage trough 101, the sediment accumulates in the support block 8 located in the drainage trough 101, increasing the weight of the support block 8 and causing its height to decrease. This pulls the lifting component connected to it, causing the lifting component to drive the sealing cover 6 to rise. This releases the sealing cover 6 from the sealing groove, creating a larger gap between the sealing cover 6 and the sealing groove. This prevents sediment mixed with the water from blocking the through hole of the sealing cover 6, thus preventing water from flowing through the sealing cover 6 into the drainage trough 101. It should be noted that the drainage trough 101 here refers to both the low-pressure drainage trough and the high-pressure drainage trough.

[0024] Specifically, the lifting unit 7 of this solution includes a drive rack 701, a driven rack 702, a drive gear 703, a fixed rod 704, and a return spring 705. One end of the fixed rod 704 is disposed on the inner wall of the drainage trough 101. The drive gear 703 is rotatably coaxially connected to the other end of the fixed rod 704. One end of the drive rack 701 is connected to the bearing block 8, and its other end is meshed with one end of the drive gear 703. One end of the driven rack 702 is connected to the sealing cover 6, and its other end is meshed with the other end of the drive gear 703. The two ends of the return spring 705 are respectively connected to the fixed rod 704 and the bearing block 8. The working process of the lifting unit 7 needs to be explained here. As the weight of the support block 8 increases, it overcomes the return spring 705 and moves towards the bottom of the drainage groove 101. Since the support block 8 is connected to the drive rack 701, the drive rack 701 moves along with the support block 8, causing the drive gear 703, which meshes with the drive rack 701, to rotate. Because the drive gear 703 also meshes with the driven rack 702, the driven rack 702 also moves. It should be noted that the direction of movement of the drive rack 701 is opposite to that of the driven rack 702, causing the sealing cover 6, connected to the driven rack 702, to move upwards, thus releasing the sealing fit between the sealing cover 6 and the sealing groove. When the weight of the support block 8 returns to normal, the return spring 705 causes the support block 8 to return to its original position, allowing the sealing cover 6 to re-establish a sealing fit with the sealing groove.

[0025] Furthermore, the structure of the bearing block 8 needs special explanation. The bearing block 8 in this design includes a bearing housing 801, a bearing base 802, and a bearing spring 803. The bearing housing 801 is connected to the drive rack 701. The bearing base 802 is hinged to the bottom of the bearing housing 801. The two ends of the bearing spring 803 are connected to the bearing housing 801 and the bearing base 802, respectively. The bearing base 802 has several drainage holes 8021, which are not interconnected. The bearing base 802 can lock or release its sealing relationship with the bearing housing 801. It is worth noting that, in addition to the possibility of mud and sand mixed in the water flow, there are also cases where there is no mud or sand, or only a small amount of mud and sand mixed in the water flow. In this case, the water falling into the bearing housing 801 will flow out through the drainage holes 8021 to the outside of the bearing housing 801, thus ensuring that the sealing cover 6 maintains a sealing relationship with the sealing groove. In addition, it is worth noting that the function of the bearing spring 803 in this solution is to restrict the bearing chassis 802 and the bearing housing 801 to be in a sealed fit relationship. When the bearing chassis 802 and the bearing housing 801 are released from the sealed fit relationship, the mud and sand located in the bearing housing 801 will flow out from the gap between the bearing housing 801 and the bearing chassis 802 to the outside of the bearing housing 801, thereby realizing the weight of the bearing block 8 returning to its original position.

[0026] It is also worth noting that when a large amount of mud and sand falls onto the bearing block 8, it will clog the drain hole 8021 of the bearing chassis 802. In order to ensure that the bearing block 8 can still work normally after the drain hole 8021 of the bearing chassis 802 is clogged, the cross-sectional area of ​​the bearing housing 801 in this design is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the drainage channel 101, and the through hole is located directly above the bearing housing 801. With this setting, the water and mud falling from the through hole will fall into the bearing block 8. When the drain hole 8021 is clogged, the water will overflow outside the bearing housing 801 after filling the bearing block 8. Since the cross-sectional area of ​​the bearing housing 801 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the drainage channel 101, the water or mud overflowing from the bearing housing 801 will fall into the drainage channel 101.

[0027] Furthermore, to enable the bearing chassis 802 of this solution to release its sealing relationship with the bearing housing 801, the drainage assembly of this solution also includes a disassembly rod 9, a disassembly spring 10, an auxiliary rod 11, and an abutment hook 12. The auxiliary rod 11 is disposed on the inner wall of the drainage trough 101. The disassembly rod 9 is slidably disposed on the auxiliary rod 11 along its axial direction. The disassembly spring 10 is coaxially sleeved on the auxiliary rod 11, with both ends of the disassembly spring 10 connected to the inner wall of the drainage trough 101 and the disassembly rod 9, respectively. The abutment hook 12 is disposed at the bottom of the bearing chassis 802 and is located at the top of the disassembly rod 9, abutting against... Hook 12 can lock or release its abutment relationship with disassembly rod 9; in addition, it should be noted that the disassembly rod 9 of this solution includes a bonding block 901 and a vertical rod 902. The vertical rod 902 is slidably and vertically set on the auxiliary rod 11. The bonding block 901 is set on the top of the vertical rod 902. The top of the bonding block 901 is inclined. When viewed along the axis of the auxiliary rod 11, the vertical height of the bonding block 901 gradually decreases. There is a certain gap between the end face of the bonding block 901 with the smallest vertical height and the vertical rod 902. The abutment hook 12 can lock or release its abutment relationship with the bottom surface of the bonding block 901.

[0028] With this configuration, as the weight of the support block 8 increases, its height decreases, which in turn drives the height of the abutment hook 12 connected to the support block 8 to decrease as well. Because the top of the mating block 901 is tilted, the abutment hook 12 abuts against the mating block 901 as it decreases in height. Furthermore, as the abutment hook 12 continues to decrease in height, it compresses the mating block 901, causing it to move along the axis of the auxiliary rod 11 towards the compression spring 10. This causes the abutment hook 12 to move to the lower end of the mating block 901. The abutment hook 12 releases its contact with the adhesive block 901, thus the adhesive block 901 returns to its original position. Since there is a certain gap between the end face of the adhesive block 901 with the smallest vertical height and the vertical rod 902, and the abutment hook 12 is located at this gap, it is worth noting that the elastic modulus of the return spring 705 in this design is greater than that of the bearing spring 803. Therefore, when the weight of the mud and water flow within the bearing block 8 can control the deformation of the return spring 705... The deformation can still control the formation of the bearing spring 803. The reason why the bearing spring 803 does not deform during the descent of the bearing block 8 is that, in the initial state, the inclined end of the contact block 901 is always in contact with the abutment hook 12, thus ensuring that during the descent of the bearing block 8, the return spring 705 deforms while the bearing spring 803 remains unchanged. At this time, the abutment hook 12 has released its contact with the inclined end of the contact block 901, therefore, the bearing spring 803 deforms, and the bearing chassis 802 releases its contact with the bearing block 803. Due to the sealed fit of the housing 801, the mud and sand inside the bearing housing 801 will flow out through the gap between the bearing chassis 802 and the bearing housing 801. At the same time, due to the rotation of the bearing chassis 802, the abutment hook 12 is released from the contact relationship between the end face of the contact block 901 with the smallest vertical height and the vertical rod 902 at a certain distance. As a result, the bearing block 8 is reset under the action of the reset spring 705, and the relationship between the bearing chassis 802 and the bearing housing 801 is also resealed under the action of the bearing spring 803.

[0029] In addition, to prevent water in the drainage trough 101 from back seeping into the tunnel due to pressure or other environmental factors, the drainage component of this solution also includes several one-way valves 13. The several one-way valves 13 and several leakage holes 8021 are matched one-to-one. Each one-way valve 13 is sealed in the corresponding leakage hole 8021 to ensure that the water in the drainage trough 101 will not flow out of the drainage trough 101 through the leakage hole 8021.

[0030] Furthermore, since the cross-sectional area of ​​the bearing housing 801 in this design is smaller than that of the drainage trough 101, in order to ensure that the water in the drainage trough 101 does not overflow from the gap between the bearing housing 801 and the drainage trough 101 to the outside of the drainage trough 101, the bearing block 8 in this design also includes a sealing block 14, a sealing spring 15, a sealing rod 16, and a hinge rod 17. The bearing housing 801 has a sliding groove and a moving groove. The sealing block 14 is slidably disposed in the sliding groove, and the moving groove and the sliding groove are interconnected. The sealing rod 16 is slidably disposed in the moving groove. The two ends of the hinge rod 17 are respectively hinged to the sealing rod 16 and the sealing block 14. The sealing spring 15 is disposed in the sliding groove, and the two ends of the sealing spring 15 are respectively connected to the sealing block 14 and the bearing block 8. The sealing block 14 and the bearing block 8 can be locked or released together from the inner wall of the drainage trough 101. Regarding the sealing relationship, it is worth noting that when the water in the drainage trough 101 moves outward, the water pressure in the drainage trough 101 will first press the sealing rod 16, causing it to move inward toward the bearing block 8. Since the two ends of the hinge rod 17 are hinged to the sealing rod 16 and the sealing block 14 respectively, the movement of the sealing rod 16 will drive the hinge rod 17 to move, which in turn drives the sealing block 14 to move outward toward the bearing block 8. This achieves the sealing relationship between the sealing block 14 and the bearing block 8, which together seal the inner wall of the drainage trough 101, preventing the water in the drainage trough 101 from moving outward. After the water pressure in the drainage trough 101 drops towards the top, the sealing block 14, the sealing rod 16, and the hinge rod 17 return to their original positions due to the action of the sealing spring 15.

[0031] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drainage and anti-seepage system for a long-distance tunnel, characterized in that: The tunnel structure comprises a tunnel structure, the tunnel structure is excavated beside an adjacent tunnel, the tunnel structure comprises a drainage section and a section to be developed which are interconnected, the drainage section is interconnected with the adjacent tunnel; the tunnel structure also comprises a buffer wall and a water retaining wall, along the direction from the drainage section to the section to be developed, the water retaining wall and the buffer wall are sequentially sealed and arranged in the drainage section, a buffer space exists between the buffer wall and the water retaining wall, a buffer hole is opened in the buffer wall, one end of the buffer hole is interconnected with the buffer space, and the other end thereof is spaced a certain distance from the end face of the buffer wall close to the section to be developed; The water retaining wall is provided with a drainage hole, and the bottom of the drainage section is provided with a drainage groove, and the drainage hole is communicated with the buffer space and the drainage groove respectively.

2. The drainage and anti-seepage system for a long-distance tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tunnel structure further comprises a water stop block, wherein the water stop block is arranged between the drainage section and an adjacent tunnel, and the drainage groove is located between the water stop block and the retaining wall.

3. The drainage and anti-seepage system for a long-distance tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing groove is coaxially provided at the top of the drainage groove. The tunnel structure also includes a drainage component, which includes a sealing cover, a lifting unit and an internally hollow supporting block. The sealing cover is provided with a through hole. The supporting block can be slidably disposed in the drainage groove. The sealing cover can be slidably disposed in the sealing groove. Both ends of the lifting unit are respectively connected to the sealing cover and the supporting block. The sealing cover can lock or release its sealing cooperation relationship with the sealing groove.

4. The drainage and anti-seepage system for a long-distance tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lifting unit includes a driving rack, a driven rack, a driving gear, a fixed rod and a reset spring, one end of the fixed rod is arranged on the inner wall of the drainage groove, the driving gear is coaxially connected with the other end of the fixed rod, one end of the driving rack is connected to the bearing block, and the other end thereof is meshed with one end of the driving gear, one end of the driven rack is connected to the sealing cover, and the other end thereof is meshed with the other end of the driving gear, and the two ends of the reset spring are respectively connected to the fixed rod and the bearing block.

5. The drainage and anti-seepage system for a long-distance tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bearing block includes a bearing shell, a bearing chassis and a bearing spring. The bearing shell is connected to the driving rack, the bearing chassis is hinged to the bottom of the bearing shell, the two ends of the bearing spring are respectively connected to the bearing shell and the bearing chassis, the bearing chassis is provided with a plurality of leakage holes, and the plurality of leakage holes are not connected to each other. The bearing chassis can lock or release its sealing cooperation relationship with the bearing shell.

6. The drainage and anti-seepage system for a long-distance tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cross-sectional area of ​​the bearing shell is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the drainage groove, and the through hole is located directly above the bearing shell.

7. The drainage and anti-seepage system for a long-distance tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that: The drainage assembly also includes a disassembly rod, a disassembly spring, an auxiliary rod and an abutment hook. The auxiliary rod is arranged on the inner wall of the drainage groove. The disassembly rod is slidably arranged on the auxiliary rod along the axial direction of the auxiliary rod. The disassembly spring is coaxially sleeved on the auxiliary rod. The two ends of the disassembly spring are respectively connected to the inner wall of the drainage groove and the disassembly rod. The abutment hook is arranged at the bottom of the supporting chassis. The abutment hook is located at the top of the disassembly rod. The abutment hook can lock or release its abutment relationship with the disassembly rod.

8. The drainage and anti-seepage system for a long-distance tunnel according to claim 7, characterized in that: The disassembly rod includes a fitting block and a vertical rod. The vertical rod is slidably vertically arranged on the auxiliary rod. The fitting block is arranged on the top of the vertical rod. The top of the fitting block is inclined, and the vertical height of the fitting block decreases gradually when viewed along the axial direction of the auxiliary rod. There is a certain distance between the end face of the fitting block with the smallest vertical height and the vertical rod. The abutment hook can lock or release its fitting relationship with the bottom surface of the fitting block.

9. The drainage and anti-seepage system for a long-distance tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that: The drainage component also includes a plurality of one-way valves, and the plurality of one-way valves are matched with the plurality of leakage holes in a one-to-one correspondence, and any one of the one-way valves is sealed and arranged in the corresponding leakage hole.

10. The drainage and anti-seepage system for a long-distance tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bearing block also includes a sealing block, a sealing spring, a sealing rod and a hinged rod. The bearing shell is provided with a sliding groove and a movable groove. The sealing block is slidably arranged in the sliding groove. The movable groove and the sliding groove are connected to each other. The sealing rod can be slidably arranged in the movable groove. The two ends of the hinged rod are respectively hinged to the sealing rod and the sealing block. The sealing spring is arranged in the sliding groove. The two ends of the sealing spring are respectively connected to the sealing block and the bearing block. The sealing block and the bearing block can jointly lock or release their sealing cooperation relationship with the inner wall of the drainage groove.

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