Experimental apparatus and method for integrating inversion structure with fluid migration

Abstract

The application provides an experimental device and method for reverse structure and fluid migration integration, which comprises an experimental box, a push-pull power mechanism and a fluid injection mechanism. The experimental box is a rectangular box body, and an experimental model simulating a formation structure is arranged in the experimental box. The push-pull power mechanism is connected with the experimental box and pushes and pulls the experimental model in the experimental box to stretch or extrude the experimental model simulating the formation. The fluid injection mechanism injects a dyeing fluid laterally from the experimental model. The application can simulate the extrusion structure deformation process on the stretching simulation result of uniform stress transmission, and can complete the fluid migration simulation without damaging the elastic polymer used in the stretching simulation experiment, so that the effective combination of the reverse structure simulation and the fluid migration simulation of stretching first and then extruding is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an experimental device that integrates inverted tectonics and fluid transport, belonging to the professional fields of geological structure simulation and tectonic control of reservoirs. Background Technology

[0002] The study of geological structures is of great significance for understanding plate tectonics, fault impact, and fold formation. The evolution from early extension to late compression leads to the development of complex structures. Most normal faults that develop in the early extensional stage will reverse in later compressional environments, becoming the dominant faults influencing sedimentary thickness and structural morphology. Therefore, reverse faults have a significant impact on the migration, enrichment, and preservation of hydrocarbons. Constructing an experimental apparatus integrating reverse tectonics and fluid migration is of great importance for constraining and guiding research on the role of reverse tectonics in controlling hydrocarbon growth. It can also be used to analyze the control mechanism of early normal faults on the development of reverse faults in later compressional environments.

[0003] Physical simulation experiments can be used to study inverted tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation processes. These experiments utilize the principle of similarity to reconstruct the evolution of tectonic structures by controlling factors that cause structural deformation. Typically, multiple layers of quartz sand are laid out in a laboratory to simulate strata, and then the ends of the simulated strata are compressed or stretched. By recording and processing the migration of quartz sand from each layer, the evolution of the strata and their tectonic genesis can be analyzed.

[0004] Existing physical simulation instruments are mostly simulation devices for a single dynamic system, which can only complete extension or compression simulation experiments. Moreover, the simulations are mostly focused on the structural deformation stage, without paying attention to the simulation of fluid transport and the influence of pre-existing fractures in the reverse structure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems in the existing technology, this invention proposes an experimental apparatus and method that integrates inverted structure and fluid transport. This method can simulate the deformation process of extrusion structure based on the results of stretching simulation with uniform stress transmission, and complete the fluid transport simulation without damaging the elastic polymer used in the stretching simulation experiment. This achieves an effective combination of inverted structure simulation (stretching first, then extrusion) and fluid transport simulation.

[0006] This invention proposes an experimental apparatus integrating inverted structure and fluid transport, comprising:

[0007] An experimental box, which is a rectangular box, is used to house an experimental model simulating geological structures.

[0008] A push-pull power mechanism, connected to the experimental chamber, pushes and pulls the experimental model inside the chamber to stretch or compress the simulated strata; and

[0009] A fluid injection mechanism that injects staining fluid from the side of the experimental model;

[0010] The push-pull power mechanism first stretches and then compresses the experimental model to simulate the inversion tectonic deformation of the strata. The fluid injection mechanism injects dyed fluid into the experimental model to conduct a fluid transport simulation experiment based on the inversion tectonic deformation.

[0011] A further improvement of the present invention is that the experimental box includes an experimental platform at the bottom, and transparent baffles are provided on the edges of both sides and the rear side of the experimental platform.

[0012] The front of the experimental platform is equipped with a double-layer push-pull structure that connects to the push-pull power mechanism.

[0013] A further improvement of the present invention is that the push-pull power mechanism includes a power electric cylinder, and the power electric cylinder is provided with a push rod connecting the double-layer push-pull structure, the push rod extending or retracting under the action of the power electric cylinder.

[0014] A further improvement of the present invention is that the double-layer push-pull structure includes a stretching push plate near the power electric cylinder and a pressing push plate away from the power electric cylinder, wherein the stretching push plate is provided with a through hole;

[0015] The push rod passes through the through hole, and a push plate is provided at the front end of the push rod; the push plate is arranged between the stretching push plate and the extrusion push plate.

[0016] A further improvement of the present invention is that the extrusion pusher plate is provided with a pusher plate groove, and the pusher plate is disposed in the pusher plate groove.

[0017] A further improvement of the present invention is that an elastic layer is provided on the experimental platform, and the rear end of the elastic layer is fixedly connected to a transparent baffle on the rear side; the two sides of the elastic layer are respectively movably connected to the transparent baffles on the left and rear sides.

[0018] The front end of the elastic layer is fixedly connected to the stretching push plate, and stretches as the stretching push plate moves forward.

[0019] A further improvement of the present invention is that grooved guide rails are provided on both sides of the experimental platform, and several traction rings are provided in the grooved guide rails. The two sides of the elastic layer pass through the transparent baffles on the side and the edges are connected to the traction rings.

[0020] The traction ring moves flexibly within the guide rail as the elastic layer stretches and deforms.

[0021] A further improvement of the present invention is that the front and rear ends of the transparent baffles on both sides of the experimental platform are fixedly connected to the experimental platform by fixing blocks; the elastic layer slides through the gap between the bottom of the transparent baffle and the experimental platform and extends to the grooved guide rail.

[0022] A further improvement of the present invention is that both the stretching push plate and the extrusion push plate are provided with a plurality of injection holes, and the injection holes are sealed by plugs; after the plugs are removed, the fluid injection mechanism can be connected, and the fluid injection mechanism injects dyeing fluid into the experimental chamber through the injection holes.

[0023] A further improvement of the present invention is that the fluid injection mechanism includes a fluid control injection pump, the fluid control injection pump is provided with at least one hose, and a delivery pipe is connected to the hose; the delivery pipe can be inserted into the injection hole.

[0024] A further improvement of the present invention is that the elastic layer is a silicone skin; the transparent baffle is a glass plate coated with a hydrophobic material; and the surface of the delivery pipe is coated with a hydrophobic material.

[0025] According to another aspect of the present invention, a physical simulation experimental method integrating inverted structure and fluid transport is also proposed, wherein the experiment is conducted using an experimental apparatus according to the aforementioned integrated inverted structure and fluid transport, comprising:

[0026] It includes:

[0027] Step 1: Arrange experimental materials in the experimental chamber to form a simulated stratum for the extension simulation experiment, and conduct the extension simulation experiment;

[0028] Step 2: Lay out experimental materials to form a simulated stratum for the compression simulation experiment, and conduct the compression simulation experiment;

[0029] Step 3: Lay a protective layer on top of the simulated strata in the compression simulation experiment;

[0030] Step 4: Pump the dyeing fluid to conduct a fluid transport simulation experiment;

[0031] Step 5: Remove one side transparent baffle, slice the experimental model at 1-2 cm intervals, take pictures and record the location, direction and main storage location of fluid transport.

[0032] A further improvement of the present invention is that, in step one, experimental materials are laid in the experimental chamber, and a silicone fluid layer and an interactive layer are laid in sequence to form a simulated ground layer for the stretching simulation experiment; the push-pull power mechanism pulls the double-layer push-pull structure, the elastic layer and the simulated ground layer for the stretching simulation experiment to move forward to carry out the stretching simulation experiment.

[0033] A further improvement of the present invention is that, in step two, the stretching push plate is fixed, and the experimental material is laid to form a simulated stratum for the extrusion simulation experiment; the stretching force mechanism pushes the extrusion push plate and the simulated stratum for the extrusion simulation experiment to move backward to carry out the extrusion simulation experiment.

[0034] The compression simulation experiment simulates the strata including the extension simulation experiment simulates the strata and the syn-depositional wet quartz sand layer and syn-depositional wet clay layer covering it.

[0035] A further improvement of the present invention is that the protective layer is a quartz sand protective layer. After the protective layer is laid, the experimental box is poured with a spray bottle. The spray bottle nozzle is 15±3cm away from the top of the experimental material and sprays evenly until the entire experimental material is soaked.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0037] The experimental apparatus and method integrating inverted structure and fluid transport described in this invention can simulate the deformation process of extrusion structure based on the stretching simulation results with uniform stress transmission, and complete the fluid transport simulation without damaging the elastic polymer used in the stretching simulation experiment, thus achieving an effective combination of inverted structure simulation of stretching followed by extrusion and fluid transport simulation.

[0038] This invention employs a double-layer pusher plate structure and a lateral fluid injection structure to simultaneously simulate the reversal structure while maintaining stable extension simulation settings. Furthermore, it avoids the damage to the bottom of the test chamber and the model caused by traditional oil and gas migration channels, conveniently combining reversal structure simulation (extension followed by compression) with fluid migration simulation experiments.

[0039] In the experimental apparatus and method integrating inverted structure and fluid transport described in this invention, a fluid transport channel is established on the pusher side, avoiding damage to the bottom of the test chamber and realizing a fluid transport simulation experiment based on the inverted structure deformation of first stretching and then compressing. The double-layer pusher plate is flexible in installation and operation. Without changing the shape of the elastic sheet after the stretching simulation, the direction of movement of the power electric cylinder can be changed to ensure that the elastic sheet remains stationary during the compression simulation, reducing the influence of human operation on the experimental results.

[0040] In the experimental apparatus and method integrating inverted structure and fluid transport described in this invention, a fluid control injection pump is used to control the fluid velocity and flow rate. The flow rate and total injection volume are set via the fluid control injection pump to provide power for fluid transport. Dyed fluid transport simulation material is injected into the experimental model through an injection tube. During fluid transport, the experimental process is continuously observed through the sidewall. A camera is set to automatically take pictures at fixed intervals to record the experimental process based on the simulation time calculated according to the similarity principle. Attached Figure Description

[0041] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0042] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic of an experimental apparatus integrating inverted structure and fluid transport according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of a fixing block according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of an experimental model according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] The accompanying drawings are not drawn to scale.

[0046] The meanings of the reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows:

[0047] 1. Experimental chamber; 2. Push-pull power mechanism; 3. Fluid injection mechanism; 4. Experimental model; 11. Experimental platform; 12. Transparent baffle; 13. Tensioning push plate; 14. Extrusion push plate; 15. Push plate groove; 16. Groove guide rail; 17. Traction ring; 18. Fixing block; 21. Power electric cylinder; 22. Push rod; 23. Push plate; 24. Computer; 31. Fluid control injection pump; 32. Injection hole; 33. Delivery pipe; 34. Liquid injection hose; 41. Silicone skin; 42. Silicone fluid; 43. Wet quartz sand layer; 44. Wet clay layer; 45. Co-depositional wet quartz sand layer; 46. Co-depositional wet clay layer; 47. Protective layer. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not an exhaustive list of all embodiments. Furthermore, without conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0049] According to the present invention, an experimental apparatus integrating inverted structure and fluid transport can simulate the deformation process of extrusion structure based on the stretching simulation results with uniform stress transmission, and complete the fluid transport simulation without damaging the elastic polymer used in the stretching simulation experiment, thus achieving an effective combination of inverted structure simulation of stretching followed by extrusion and fluid transport simulation.

[0050] Figure 1 The diagram schematically illustrates an experimental apparatus integrating inverted geological structure and fluid transport, comprising: an experimental chamber 1, which is a rectangular box, and an experimental model 4 simulating a geological structure placed inside the experimental chamber 1. The experimental model 4, used to simulate the geological structure, is constructed by laying out experimental materials of different materials.

[0051] In this embodiment, a push-pull power mechanism 2 is connected to the experimental chamber 1, which is used to push and pull the experimental model 4 inside the experimental chamber 1 to stretch or compress the strata simulated by the experimental model 4, thereby simulating the inversion tectonic deformation. During the experiment, firstly, the material of the experimental model 4 for the tensile test is laid out and subjected to a tensile test, and then the material of the experimental model 4 for the compression test is laid out and subjected to compression, thereby simulating the inversion tectonic deformation.

[0052] The fluid injection mechanism 3 injects dyeing fluid from the side of the experimental model 4. If the fluid is transported by injection from the bottom, the stretching simulation experiment requires a uniformly stretchable elastic polymer sheet at the bottom, preventing the fluid from penetrating the elastic sheet and entering the simulation material.

[0053] The staining fluid can stain experimental model 4, allowing for a direct observation of the fluid's transport pattern.

[0054] In the experimental apparatus integrating inverted structure and fluid transport according to this embodiment, the push-pull power mechanism 2 stretches and then compresses the experimental model 4 to simulate the deformation of the inverted structure. The fluid injection mechanism 3 injects dyed fluid into the experimental model 4 to conduct a fluid transport simulation experiment based on the inverted structure deformation.

[0055] In one embodiment, the experimental chamber 1 includes an experimental platform 11 at the bottom, and transparent baffles 12 are provided on the edges of the experimental platform 11 on both sides and the rear side. A double-layer push-pull structure connected to the push-pull power mechanism 2 is provided on the front side of the experimental platform 11.

[0056] The experimental platform 11 is a square flat plate structure. In this invention, the front end of the experimental platform 11 is close to the push-pull power mechanism 2, and the rear end is away from the push-pull mechanism.

[0057] Transparent baffles 12 are provided at the rear end and both sides of the experimental platform 11. The experimental platform 11 preferably has a transparent acrylic base plate. The transparent baffle 12 at the rear end and the double-layer push-pull structure are preferably vertically detachable acrylic push-pull plates, and the transparent baffles 12 on both sides are preferably glass baffles. The top of the experimental platform 11 is open and without a cover. The contact surfaces between the double-layer push-pull structure and the base plate of the experimental platform 11 and the transparent baffles 12 are provided with grooves filled with PU polyurethane sealing strips, ensuring smooth and seamless contact among all components inside the experimental chamber 1.

[0058] Three sets of transparent baffles 12 form a rectangular box with an opening on one side, and the transparent baffles 12 are fixedly connected; the opening on one side is sealed by a double-layer push-pull structure, forming a rectangular box inside, which can accommodate the experimental model 4. The double-layer push-pull structure can move with the drive of the push-pull power mechanism 2, thereby completing the stretching or compression.

[0059] When using the experimental apparatus according to this embodiment, firstly, three sets of transparent baffles 12 are installed on the experimental platform 11, and experimental materials are arranged on the experimental platform 11 to form a stretching simulation experimental layer. The stretching simulation experimental layer can be pulled by a double-layer push-pull structure to conduct a stretching simulation experiment. After the stretching simulation experiment is completed, compression simulation materials are added to form a compression simulation experimental layer. The compression simulation experimental layer is moved by a double-layer push-pull structure to conduct a compression simulation experiment.

[0060] After the experiment was completed, one of the transparent baffles 12 was removed, and the experimental model 4 was sliced ​​for observation and photographed to obtain the location, direction and main storage location of fluid transport.

[0061] In one embodiment, the push-pull power mechanism 2 includes a power electric cylinder 21, which provides power for pushing and pulling the experimental model 4. The power electric cylinder 21 is equipped with a push rod 22 connected to the double-layer push-pull structure. The push rod 22 extends or retracts under the action of the power electric cylinder 21, thereby driving the double-layer push-pull structure forward or backward. When moving forward, it can pull the experimental model 4 to unfold; when moving backward, it can compress the experimental model 4.

[0062] In one embodiment, the double-layer push-pull structure includes a stretching push plate 13 and a pressing push plate 14. The stretching push plate 13 is located on the front side, i.e., the side closer to the power electric cylinder 21; the pressing push plate 14 is located on the rear side, i.e., the side farther from the power electric cylinder 21. A through hole is provided in the middle of the stretching push plate 13.

[0063] The push rod 22 passes through the through hole, which is a smooth, movable circular hole, allowing the push rod 22 to move within it during extension and retraction. A push plate 23 is provided at the front end of the push rod 22, and the push plate 23 is arranged parallel to the stretching push plate 13 and the extrusion push plate 14. The push plate 23 is positioned between the stretching push plate 13 and the extrusion push plate 14.

[0064] In the experimental apparatus integrating inversion structure and fluid transport according to this embodiment, the front end of the push rod 22 extends into the middle of the double-layer push-pull structure, and the push plate 23 at its end is disposed between the stretching push plate 13 and the compression push plate 14. When the push rod 22 retracts, the push plate 23 can drive the stretching push plate 13 to move forward, thereby stretching the elastic layer on the experimental platform 11; when the push rod 22 extends, the push plate 23 can push the pressure push plate to move backward, thereby compressing the experimental model 4.

[0065] In one embodiment, the extrusion pusher plate 14 is provided with a pusher plate groove 15, and the pusher plate 23 is disposed within the pusher plate groove 15. This saves space and reduces the gap between the extrusion pusher plate 14 and the stretching pusher plate 13 initially.

[0066] In one embodiment, an elastic layer is provided on the experimental platform 11, and the elastic layer is located at the bottom of the experimental model 4. The elastic layer has a certain degree of elasticity and can be stretched and deformed. When stretched, it can drive the material of the experimental model 4 above it to move and stretch as a whole. In this embodiment, the elastic layer is preferably made of silicone skin 41.

[0067] The rear end of the elastic layer is fixedly connected to the transparent baffle 12 on the rear side; the two sides of the elastic layer are movably connected to the transparent baffle 12 on the left and rear sides, respectively.

[0068] The front end of the elastic layer is fixedly connected to the stretching push plate 13, and is stretched as the stretching push plate 13 moves forward.

[0069] When the stretching push plate 13 moves forward, since the bottom of the stretching push plate 13 is fixed to the front end of the elastic layer, the movement of the stretching push plate 13 can drive the elastic layer to stretch. During the elongation process, the two sides of the elastic layer are slidably and sealed to the transparent baffle 12.

[0070] The power electric cylinder 21 is connected to a computer and controlled by a computer program. The computer program sets the movement speed and displacement of the electric cylinder. The traction push rod 22 drives the stretching push plate 13, the extrusion push plate 14 and the silicone skin 41 to move towards the power electric cylinder 21, and completes the stretching simulation experiment within the elastic deformation of the silicone skin 41.

[0071] The stretching pusher plate 13 is fixed on the experimental platform 11. The speed and displacement of the power electric cylinder 21 are set, and the extrusion pusher plate 14 is driven by the push rod 22 to move away from the power electric cylinder 21. During this stage, the stretching pusher plate 13 and the silicone skin 41 maintain the state at the end of the stretching simulation and do not change with the movement of the extrusion pusher plate 14. After the movement of the extrusion pusher plate 14 ends, the simulation result of the inverted structure deformation is finally obtained.

[0072] In one embodiment, the experimental platform 11 is provided with grooved guide rails 16 on both sides, and the grooved guide rails 16 are located outside the transparent baffle 12. A plurality of traction rings 17 are provided within the grooved guide rails 16, and the traction rings 17 are movable along the grooved guide rails 16. The two sides of the elastic layer pass through the transparent baffle 12 on the side, and their edges are connected to the traction rings 17.

[0073] The traction ring 17 moves flexibly within the guide rail as the elastic layer stretches and deforms.

[0074] By setting the grooved guide rail 16 and the traction ring 17, the elastic layer is prevented from shrinking and narrowing laterally when stretched.

[0075] In one embodiment, the front and rear ends of the transparent baffles 12 on both sides of the experimental platform 11 are fixedly connected to the experimental platform 11 by fixing blocks 18. The elastic layer slides through the gap between the bottom of the transparent baffle 12 and the experimental platform 11 and extends to the grooved guide rail 16.

[0076] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 As shown, the fixing block 18 is a square block structure with a groove on its side. The width of the groove matches the width of the transparent baffle 12, allowing the transparent baffle 12 to be inserted into the groove. Several screw holes are provided on the top of the fixing block 18, and bolts can be installed in the screw holes. By installing bolts in the screw holes, the fixing block 18 is fixed, thereby fixing the transparent baffle 12 on the side.

[0077] The transparent baffle 12 at the back is connected to the experimental platform 11 by a fixing buckle.

[0078] After the tensile test, the tensile push plate 13 remains fixed during the compression test. The fixing method is to fix it to the transparent baffle 12 on the side by fixing block 18.

[0079] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, experimental model 4 includes an initial model, a syn-sedimentary layer, and a protective layer 47. The initial model includes a silica fluid layer 42 above a silica gel skin 41 and an alternating layer; the alternating layer consists of a simulated stratum of alternating layers of wet quartz sand and wet clay, approximately 5 cm thick. The syn-sedimentary layer includes a syn-sedimentary wet clay layer 46 and a syn-sedimentary wet quartz sand layer 45. The protective layer 47 is a single layer of quartz sand.

[0080] In one embodiment, both the stretching pusher plate 13 and the extrusion pusher plate 14 are provided with a plurality of injection holes 32, which are sealed by plugs. The plugs are removable. When it is not necessary to connect the fluid injection mechanism 3, the injection holes 32 are blocked by the plugs. When it is necessary to connect the fluid injection mechanism 3, the plugs are removed so that the fluid injection mechanism 3 can be connected. The fluid injection mechanism 3 injects dyeing fluid into the experimental chamber 1 through the injection holes 32.

[0081] In the experimental apparatus integrating reverse structure and fluid transport according to this embodiment, a fluid injection mechanism 3 for injecting fluid is provided on the side of the double-layer push-pull structure near the push-pull power mechanism 2. The fluid injection mechanism 3 has several injection holes 32, respectively located on the tension push plate 13 and the compression push plate 14. During the experiment, the injection hole 32 to be injected with fluid is selected according to the location of the reverse fault or main reverse thrust fault. The plug is removed, and the delivery pipe 33 is inserted into the corresponding injection hole 32, ensuring that the front end of the delivery pipe 33 is located on the lower plate of the reverse fault.

[0082] The fluid control injection pump 31 is used to control the fluid velocity and flow rate. By setting the flow rate and total injection volume through the fluid control injection pump 31, the power for fluid transport is provided. The dyed fluid transport simulation material is injected into the experimental model 4 through the injection tube. During fluid transport, the experimental process is continuously observed through the sidewall. The camera is set to automatically take pictures at fixed intervals to record the experimental process based on the simulation time calculated according to the similarity principle.

[0083] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the fluid injection mechanism 3 includes a fluid-controlled injection pump 31. The inlet end of the fluid-controlled injection pump 31 is connected to a dyeing fluid source, and the outlet end is provided with at least one injection hose 34. Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, two injection hoses 34 are provided at the outlet end, and a delivery tube 33 is connected to each injection hose 34. The delivery tube 33 can be inserted into the injection hole 32. Preferably, the delivery tube 33 is an extremely thin delivery tube made of a rigid material.

[0084] Preferably, the elastic layer is a silicone sheet 41, but a rubber sheet can also be used. The silicone sheet 41 has better elasticity than rubber and is less prone to breakage. The transparent baffle 12 is a glass plate coated with a hydrophobic material, and the surface of the delivery pipe 33 is coated with a hydrophobic material to reduce interference with fluid transport during the experiment.

[0085] According to another aspect of the present invention, a physical simulation experimental method integrating inverted structure and fluid transport is also proposed, wherein the experiment is conducted using the experimental apparatus for integrating inverted structure and fluid transport as described in the above embodiments. The method includes the following steps:

[0086] Step 1: Arrange experimental materials in experimental chamber 1 to form a simulated ground layer for the stretching simulation experiment; push-pull power mechanism 2 pulls the double-layer push-pull structure, elastic layer and stretching simulation ground layer forward to carry out the stretching simulation experiment;

[0087] In this embodiment, the strata simulated in the stretching simulation experiment are the initial model, including a silica fluid layer and an interactive layer. The interactive layer is composed of an alternating arrangement of a wet quartz sand layer 43 and several wet clay layers 44.

[0088] Step 2: Fix the tensioning push plate 13 and lay the experimental material to form a simulated stratum for the extrusion simulation experiment; the tensioning mechanism pushes the extrusion push plate 14 and the simulated stratum for the extrusion simulation experiment backward to carry out the extrusion simulation experiment.

[0089] The compression simulation experiment simulated the strata by adding a syn-sedimentary wet quartz sand layer 45 and a syn-sedimentary wet clay layer 46 to the initial model.

[0090] Step 3: Lay a protective layer 47 on top of the simulated stratum in the compression simulation experiment;

[0091] The top protective layer 47 is a quartz sand layer.

[0092] Step four: Set the fluid velocity and flow rate of the fluid control injection pump 31, and inject the dyeing fluid into the experimental model 4 through the fluid control injection pump 31.

[0093] Step 5: Remove one side transparent baffle 12, slice the experimental model 4 at 1-2 cm intervals, observe and photograph the slices to obtain the location, direction and main storage location of fluid transport.

[0094] In one embodiment, the stretching simulation experiment simulates a geological formation comprising a silica fluid layer 42 and an interactive layer, wherein the interactive layer is composed of alternating layers of wet quartz sand 43 and wet clay 44.

[0095] The compression simulation experiment simulated the formation by adding a syn-sedimentary wet quartz sand layer 45 and a syn-sedimentary wet clay layer 46 to the initial model.

[0096] The protective layer 47 is a quartz sand protective layer 47.

[0097] In one embodiment, after laying the protective layer 47, the experimental chamber 1 is poured with a spray bottle, the spray being applied evenly from a distance of 15±3cm from the top of the experimental material until the entire experimental material is saturated.

[0098] In one embodiment, the physical simulation experimental method integrating inverted construction and fluid transport includes the following steps:

[0099] Step 1: Initial state: The silicone skin 41 is fully extended in its normal shape. The experimental material is placed in the experimental chamber 1. The power electric cylinder 21 is started. The power electric cylinder 21 drives the stretching push plate 13, the extrusion push plate 14 and the silicone skin 41 to move forward, that is, to the side in the direction of the power electric cylinder 21. The silicone skin 41 and the experimental material on it are stretched, thereby conducting a stretching simulation experiment.

[0100] Step 2: After the extension simulation experiment is completed, the extension push plate 13 is fixed. This can be done by securing it to the transparent baffle 12 on the side using a fixing block 18, or by fixing it to the experimental platform 11. Then, materials simulating the compression stage are laid on top of the experimental material. These materials include a layer of wet quartz sand 43 and a layer of wet clay laid from bottom to top. Specifically, a 2cm layer of wet quartz sand 43 is laid on top of the extension experiment results, with a 1cm layer of wet clay at the very top, to simulate the sedimentary strata of the compression stage and to facilitate observation of subsequent reverse fault displacement.

[0101] The power electric cylinder 21 is activated, which pushes the push rod 22 to extend, thereby pushing the extrusion push plate 14 to move away from the power electric cylinder 21 to conduct an extrusion simulation experiment.

[0102] Step 3: After the compression simulation experiment is completed, a protective material is laid on top of the material from the simulated compression stage. A layer of approximately 5cm thick quartz sand is laid inside experimental chamber 1 to prevent damage to the structural morphology during subsequent operations and to protect the integrity of the surface of experimental model 4. Experimental chamber 1 is then sprayed with water using a spray bottle, with the nozzle approximately 15cm above the top of the experimental material, until the entire material is thoroughly soaked. This operation increases the cohesion between the experimental material particles, highlighting the advantageous channeling effect of the fault, facilitating subsequent fluid transport simulation experiments. Simultaneously, it maintains the morphology of experimental model 4, making it convenient for slice observation after the experiment.

[0103] Step 4: Set the fluid velocity and flow rate of the fluid control injection pump 31, and inject the dyed simulated fluid material into the experimental model 4 through the fluid control injection pump 3110.

[0104] Step 5: After the experiment is completed, remove the glass baffle on one side, slice the experimental model 4 at 1-2 cm intervals, take pictures and record the location, direction and main storage location of the fluid transport.

[0105] This invention establishes a fluid transport channel on the pusher side, avoiding damage to the bottom of the test chamber and enabling fluid transport simulation experiments based on the inverse structural deformation of first stretching and then compressing. The double-layer pusher plate allows for flexible installation and operation. Without changing the shape of the elastic sheet after the stretching simulation, the direction of movement of the power cylinder 21 can be changed to ensure that the elastic sheet remains stationary during the compressing simulation, reducing the impact of human operation on the experimental results.

[0106] It should be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to the specific structures, processing steps, or materials disclosed herein, but should be extended to equivalent substitutions of these features as understood by those skilled in the art. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0107] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "head," "tail," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0108] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0109] Certain terms are used throughout this application to refer to specific system components. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the same components may often be referred to by different names, and therefore this application is not intended to distinguish components that differ only in name and not in function. The terms "an embodiment" or "embodiment" used in the specification mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Therefore, the phrase "an embodiment" or "embodiment" appearing throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.

[0110] The embodiments of the present invention are given for illustrative and descriptive purposes only, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical application of the invention, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and to design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.

[0111] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and / or modifications falling within the scope of the invention, and all changes and / or modifications made according to embodiments of the invention should be covered within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus integrating inverted structure and fluid transport, characterized in that, include: Experimental box (1), the experimental box (1) is a rectangular box, and the experimental model (4) simulating the geological structure is placed inside the experimental box (1); A push-pull power mechanism (2) is connected to the experimental box (1) and pushes and pulls the experimental model (4) inside the experimental box (1) to stretch or compress the simulated strata; and A fluid injection mechanism (3) is provided, which injects dyeing fluid laterally from the experimental model (4); The push-pull power mechanism (2) stretches and then squeezes the experimental model (4) to simulate the tectonic deformation of the strata. The fluid injection mechanism (3) injects dyed fluid into the experimental model (4) to conduct a fluid transport simulation experiment based on the tectonic deformation. The experimental box (1) includes an experimental platform (11) at the bottom, and transparent baffles (12) are provided on the edges of the two sides and the rear side of the experimental platform (11). The front side of the experimental platform (11) is provided with a double-layer push-pull structure that connects to the push-pull power mechanism (2); The push-pull power mechanism (2) includes a power electric cylinder (21), and a push rod (22) connected to the double-layer push-pull structure is provided on the power electric cylinder (21). The push rod (22) extends or retracts under the action of the power electric cylinder (21). The double-layer push-pull structure includes a stretching push plate (13) on the side close to the power electric cylinder (21) and a pressing push plate (14) on the side away from the power electric cylinder (21). The stretching push plate (13) is provided with a through hole. The push rod (22) passes through the through hole, and a push plate (23) is provided at the front end of the push rod (22); the push plate (23) is arranged between the stretching push plate (13) and the extrusion push plate (14); An elastic layer is provided on the experimental platform (11), and the rear end of the elastic layer is fixedly connected to the transparent baffle (12) on the rear side; the two sides of the elastic layer are movably connected to the transparent baffle (12) on the left and rear sides respectively. The front end of the elastic layer is fixedly connected to the stretching push plate (13) and stretches as the stretching push plate (13) moves forward; The stretching push plate (13) can be fixed on the experimental platform (11) and separated from the extrusion push plate (14), and will not move with the movement of the extrusion push plate (14).

2. The experimental apparatus integrating inverted structure and fluid transport according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extrusion pusher plate (14) is provided with a pusher plate groove (15), and the pusher plate (23) is disposed in the pusher plate groove (15).

3. The experimental apparatus integrating inverted structure and fluid transport according to claim 2, characterized in that, The experimental platform (11) is provided with grooved guide rails (16) on both sides, and several traction rings (17) are provided in the grooved guide rails (16). The two sides of the elastic layer pass through the transparent baffles (12) on the side, and the edges are connected to the traction rings (17). The traction ring (17) moves flexibly within the guide rail as the elastic layer stretches and deforms.

4. The experimental apparatus integrating inverted structure and fluid transport according to claim 3, characterized in that, The front and rear ends of the transparent baffles (12) on both sides of the experimental platform (11) are fixedly connected to the experimental platform (11) by fixing blocks (18); the elastic layer slides through the gap between the bottom of the transparent baffle (12) and the experimental platform (11) and extends to the groove guide rail (16).

5. The experimental apparatus integrating inverted structure and fluid transport according to claim 4, characterized in that, The stretching push plate (13) and the extrusion push plate (14) are each provided with a number of injection holes (32), and the injection holes (32) are sealed by plugs; after the plugs are removed, the fluid injection mechanism (3) can be connected, and the fluid injection mechanism (3) injects dyeing fluid into the experimental chamber (1) through the injection holes (32).

6. The experimental apparatus integrating inverted structure and fluid transport according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fluid injection mechanism (3) includes a fluid control injection pump (31), which is provided with at least one injection hose (34), and the injection hose (34) is connected to a delivery pipe (33); the delivery pipe (33) can be inserted into the injection hole (32).

7. The experimental apparatus integrating inverted structure and fluid transport according to claim 6, characterized in that, The elastic layer is a silicone skin (41); the transparent baffle (12) is a glass plate coated with a hydrophobic material, and the surface of the delivery pipe (33) is coated with a hydrophobic material.

8. A physical simulation experimental method integrating inverted structure and fluid transport, characterized in that, Experiments were conducted using an experimental apparatus integrating inverted structure and fluid transport as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising: Step 1: Arrange experimental materials in the experimental box (1) to form a simulated stratum for the extension simulation experiment and conduct the extension simulation experiment; Step 2: Lay out experimental materials to form a simulated stratum for the compression simulation experiment, and conduct the compression simulation experiment; Step 3: Lay a protective layer (47) on top of the simulated stratum in the compression simulation experiment. Step 4: Pump the dyeing fluid to conduct a fluid transport simulation experiment; Step 5: Remove one side transparent baffle (12), slice the experimental model (4) at 1-2cm intervals, take pictures and record the location, direction and main storage location of fluid transport.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step one, experimental materials are laid in the experimental box (1), and a silicone fluid layer and an interactive layer are laid in sequence to form a stretching simulation experimental stratum; the push-pull power mechanism (2) pulls the double-layer push-pull structure, the elastic layer and the stretching simulation experimental stratum forward to carry out the stretching simulation experiment.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step two, the tension push plate (13) is fixed, and the experimental material is laid to form a simulated stratum for the extrusion simulation experiment; the tensioning mechanism pushes the extrusion push plate (14) and the simulated stratum for the extrusion simulation experiment to move backward to carry out the extrusion simulation experiment; The compression simulation experiment simulates the strata including the extension simulation experiment simulates the strata and the syn-depositional wet quartz sand layer (45) and syn-depositional wet clay layer (46) covering it.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The protective layer (47) is a quartz sand protective layer. After laying the protective layer (47), the experimental box (1) is poured with a spray bottle. The spray bottle nozzle is 15±3cm away from the top of the experimental material and sprays evenly until the entire experimental material is soaked.

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