Micro energy storage photovoltaic module

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic equipment, and discloses a micro energy storage photovoltaic module which comprises a photovoltaic assembly, a battery assembly and a protection assembly. The photovoltaic module comprises a bottom shell, and a reflective bottom plate is arranged on the bottom shell; the bottom shell is provided with a thin film double-sided photovoltaic panel through a thermal deformation memory alloy plate, and the thin film double-sided photovoltaic panel is located above the reflective bottom plate and used for reflecting light to the back face of the thin film double-sided photovoltaic panel; the thin film double-sided photovoltaic panel is connected with a standard photovoltaic connector lug; the battery assembly is used for storing the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic assembly; the protection assembly comprises a bypass diode, a current-limiting resistor, a bidirectional trigger tube and a reverse isolation diode. The current-limiting resistor, the bidirectional trigger tube and the battery assembly are sequentially connected in series, and the serially connected whole is connected in parallel with the bypass diode; the whole body after parallel connection is connected in parallel with a standard photovoltaic connector lug of the photovoltaic module; the reverse isolation diode is connected in parallel with the bidirectional trigger tube. The method has the advantage of improving the utilization efficiency of the power grid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic equipment, and in particular to a trace energy storage photovoltaic module. Background Art

[0002] The micro-energy storage photovoltaic module is a miniaturized, modular device that integrates photovoltaic power generation and energy storage functions. It uses the photovoltaic effect to convert solar energy into electrical energy, and stores the electrical energy through a built-in energy storage system (such as batteries or supercapacitors) so that it can be released when needed. This modular design makes the micro-energy storage photovoltaic module more flexible and portable, and can be widely used in various occasions that require distributed energy supply.

[0003] The existing photovoltaic power generation curve does not match the grid load curve, especially it cannot provide night peak load support. How to make the photovoltaic power generation output curve as close as possible to the grid demand, provide night peak output, and smooth the short-term fluctuations in power generation output will greatly improve the power quality of photovoltaic power generation and the capacity of grid access, and greatly improve the utilization efficiency of the grid. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to realize the bracket-free installation of photovoltaic panels and improve the utilization efficiency of the power grid, the present application provides a trace energy storage photovoltaic module.

[0005] The present application provides a micro-energy storage photovoltaic module, which adopts the following technical solution: A micro-energy storage photovoltaic module, comprising a photovoltaic component, a battery component and a protection component; The photovoltaic module comprises a bottom shell, a reflective bottom plate is arranged on the top of the bottom shell; a thin-film double-sided photovoltaic panel is installed on the bottom shell through a thermal deformation memory alloy plate, the thin-film double-sided photovoltaic panel is located above the reflective bottom plate, and the reflective bottom plate is used to reflect light to the back of the thin-film double-sided photovoltaic panel; the thin-film double-sided photovoltaic panel is electrically connected to a standard photovoltaic terminal; The battery assembly is electrically connected to the photovoltaic assembly and is used to store the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic assembly; the battery assembly includes a plurality of battery submodules of the same specification connected in series, and the battery submodules include energy storage batteries and Zener diodes; the Zener diodes are connected in parallel to the corresponding energy storage batteries; and the anode of the Zener diode is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage battery; The protection component is electrically connected to the photovoltaic component and the battery component, and is used to protect the photovoltaic component and the battery component; the protection component includes a bypass diode, a current limiting resistor, a bidirectional trigger tube and a reverse isolation diode; the current limiting resistor, the bidirectional trigger tube and the battery component are connected in series in sequence, and the whole after series connection is connected in parallel with the bypass diode; the whole after parallel connection is connected in parallel with the standard photovoltaic terminal of the photovoltaic component; the reverse isolation diode is connected in parallel with the bidirectional trigger tube; wherein the cathode of the reverse isolation diode is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the battery component; the anode of the bypass diode is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the battery component.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, the photovoltaic panel can be installed horizontally or vertically without a bracket. By combining the reflective bottom plate with the long thin film bifacial module, the whole bottom plate can be placed horizontally or vertically. Regardless of whether it is placed horizontally or vertically, the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic module automatically adjusts the inclination of the photovoltaic panel according to the temperature change under the action of the thermal deformation memory alloy plate, realizing single-axis sunlight tracking, and basically still facing the direction of sunlight, thereby improving the power generation efficiency. The thin film bifacial photovoltaic panel receives light on both sides, which improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The reflective bottom plate is located below the photovoltaic panel, reflecting the light that is not directly absorbed, further enhancing the utilization rate of light energy. The thermal deformation memory alloy plate is connected to the photovoltaic panel and the reflective bottom plate, and the angle of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted by using the characteristics of the memory alloy to adapt to different sunlight angles and optimize the power generation efficiency. The standard photovoltaic terminal is used to connect the photovoltaic module with the subsequent circuit. The bypass diode provides a bypass path when the photovoltaic panel is shaded or damaged to prevent the hot spot effect. The current limiting resistor limits the current to protect the subsequent circuit from large current shocks. The bidirectional trigger tube automatically adjusts the working state according to the photovoltaic output voltage to achieve power smoothing. The reverse isolation diode prevents the current from flowing in the reverse direction and protects the energy storage battery. By using bypass diodes, current limiting resistors, bidirectional trigger tubes and other components in combination, precise control of photovoltaic output current and power smoothing are achieved. The present invention cleverly uses bidirectional trigger tubes in combination with passive devices such as Zener diodes. When the photovoltaic cell has a voltage higher than the MPPT voltage, the photovoltaic cell automatically charges the battery because the voltage is higher than the battery pack voltage. Since the photovoltaic cell output voltage is still near the MPPT voltage, it will hardly affect the normal operation of the photovoltaic inverter. When the photovoltaic cell power generation power is reduced, in order to avoid frequent charging and discharging of the battery, only when the photovoltaic cell voltage is reduced to much lower than the battery pack voltage, the bidirectional trigger tube is turned on and the battery is discharged outward. At this time, the battery power is output to the power grid through the photovoltaic inverter to achieve photovoltaic power smoothing. Battery submodules (batteries) of the same specifications are connected in series to ensure voltage stability. Adaptive control of charging and discharging of the storage battery by the photovoltaic cell is realized. By coordinating the parameters of the above-mentioned components, energy storage is achieved when the photovoltaic power generation is large, and discharge is achieved when the photovoltaic output is reduced, and the battery will not be overcharged or over-discharged. Since there is no additional loss of the converter, the storage battery only has a voltage drop loss of about 0.7V of the bidirectional trigger tube or the reverse isolation diode when working, and the efficiency is greatly improved compared with the energy storage converter.

[0007] Optionally, the thin-film double-sided photovoltaic panel is in the shape of a long strip, and is provided with a plurality of panels of the same specification; one end of each thin-film double-sided photovoltaic panel is connected to the thermal deformation memory alloy plate, and then connected to the reflective bottom plate, and the spacing between each thin-film double-sided photovoltaic panel is equal.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the energy storage battery is set on each photovoltaic module, so that the photovoltaic energy storage batteries are distributed, eliminating the high cost of building energy storage stations and reducing fire hazards.

[0009] Optionally, the thermal deformation memory alloy plate comprises a memory alloy sheet and a copper sheet that are fixedly connected; the memory alloy sheet and the copper sheet are arranged in close contact with each other.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, copper sheets are used to achieve good thermal conductivity and ensure efficient heat transfer; memory alloy materials are used to achieve a proportional relationship between deformation and bending and temperature, so that the inclination angle of the components can be increased in winter and decreased in summer, thereby achieving single-axis sunlight tracking to improve power generation output. The diffusely reflected sunlight of the reflective base can provide auxiliary radiation light to the back of the bifacial components. This series of improvements can increase the photovoltaic output per unit installation area by more than 20%, while eliminating the need for complex photovoltaic bracket layout.

[0011] Optionally, the battery submodule includes a fireproof shell; the fireproof shell includes a flame-retardant plastic shell, which is covered on the corresponding energy storage battery; a battery shrapnel with a spring contact is provided inside the fireproof shell, and the battery shrapnel is electrically connected to the energy storage battery.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the fireproof housing is made of flame-retardant plastic, and a spring contact battery shrapnel is arranged inside to facilitate battery connection. The present invention disperses the batteries on each group of photovoltaic panels through the fireproof housing, so that even if a fire occurs, only a part of the photovoltaic equipment is damaged, and the hidden danger of fire fighting difficulties caused by centralized battery arrangement is avoided.

[0013] Optionally, explosion-proof holes are provided on the fireproof housing.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, explosion-proof holes are provided on the surface of the outer shell to ensure automatic release when the internal air pressure is too high, thereby improving safety.

[0015] Optionally, the battery assembly is connected in parallel with each group of photovoltaic assemblies, and a farad capacitor is connected in parallel between the photovoltaic assemblies and the battery assembly.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, after the photovoltaic panel is blocked, the battery is connected in parallel with each group of photovoltaic cells, and the output loss is compensated by the discharge of the farad capacitor. At the same time, the output voltage of the blocked photovoltaic cell is greatly reduced when the battery is discharged, thereby realizing the residual output under blocking conditions, avoiding waste by bypass diodes, and improving the short-term volatility of photovoltaic power generation.

[0017] Optionally, the energy storage battery is a storage battery of the same specification, the rated voltage of the storage battery is the sum of the voltages of all battery submodules connected in series, which is 105% of the maximum power point voltage of the photovoltaic module, the trigger voltage of the bidirectional trigger tube is 10-70% of the maximum power point voltage of the photovoltaic module, and the Zener voltage of the Zener diode is 110-115% of the rated voltage of a single energy storage battery.

[0018] Optionally, it also includes a temperature sensor, a light intensity sensor, a heating module, a heat dissipation module and a control module; The temperature sensor is arranged at the thermal deformation memory alloy plate, and is used to obtain the temperature of the thermal deformation memory alloy plate in real time; the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the control module; A light intensity sensor is arranged on the front side of the thin-film double-sided photovoltaic panel to obtain light intensity; the light intensity sensor is electrically connected to the control module; The heating module and the heat dissipation module are arranged at the thermal deformation memory alloy plate, and are used to heat or dissipate heat for the thermal deformation memory alloy plate; the heating module and the heat dissipation module are both controllably connected to the control module; The control module is electrically connected to the battery assembly and the photovoltaic assembly, and is used to obtain the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic assembly in real time; According to the historical light intensity, temperature and power generation efficiency, a corresponding relationship model is established; according to the real-time light intensity, based on the corresponding relationship model, an ideal power generation efficiency reference value and an ideal temperature reference value are obtained; When the difference between the real-time power generation efficiency and the power generation efficiency reference value is greater than the set threshold, it is judged as an abnormal situation; When an abnormal situation occurs; if the difference between the temperature reference value and the real-time temperature is greater than the first set value, the control module starts the heating module to heat for the first set time; if the difference between the real-time temperature and the temperature reference value is greater than the second set value, the control module starts the heat dissipation module to work for the second set time.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the temperature data at the thermal deformation memory alloy plate is transmitted to the control module through the temperature sensor; the light intensity at the photovoltaic module is transmitted to the control module through the light intensity sensor; the control module simultaneously receives the power parameters of the photovoltaic module and the battery module, thereby establishing a functional relationship between the light intensity, temperature and power parameters; although the thermal deformation memory alloy plate can be deformed within a certain temperature range, this deformation may be interfered by various external factors. With the consumption of time and the exposure of light, in order to make the thermal deformation memory alloy plate more stably follow the change of light intensity, a heating module and a heat dissipation module are added to more accurately control the bending angle of the photovoltaic module under the corresponding temperature and light intensity, so as to maximize the power. Through the corresponding relationship model, the system can more accurately predict and control the ideal power generation efficiency and temperature, thereby ensuring that the photovoltaic module operates in the best state. If the real-time temperature is too low under a certain light intensity, the control module will start the heating module and heat the first set time to increase the working temperature of the thermal deformation memory alloy plate to adapt to the angle of light intensity, thereby helping to improve the power generation efficiency. If the real-time temperature is too high under a certain light intensity, the control module will start the heat dissipation module to work for the second set time to reduce the working temperature of the thermal deformation memory alloy plate to prevent the thermal deformation memory alloy plate from excessively bending and affecting the angle of receiving light.

[0020] Optionally, the heating module includes an electrically connected heating wire, a first electromagnetic switch and a power supply, the heating wire is mounted on a copper plate of the thermal deformation memory alloy plate, and the electromagnetic switch is controllably connected to the control module.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the heating wire is installed on the copper plate of the thermal deformation memory alloy plate to ensure that the heat energy can be directly transferred to the thermal deformation memory alloy plate, thereby achieving a temperature increase. When the control module determines that heating is required, it will send a signal to the first electromagnetic switch to close it, thereby turning on the power supply of the heating wire. Conversely, when heating is not required, the control module will send a signal to disconnect the first electromagnetic switch and cut off the power supply of the heating wire.

[0022] Optionally, the heat dissipation module includes an electrically connected fan, a second electromagnetic switch and a power supply, the fan is installed on the photovoltaic component and arranged toward the thermal deformation memory alloy plate, and the switch of the electromagnetic fan is controlled by the control module. By adopting the above technical solution, the fan is installed on the photovoltaic module and is arranged toward the thermal deformation memory alloy plate to ensure that the alloy plate can be directly cooled. When the control module determines that heat dissipation is required, it sends a signal to the electromagnetic switch to close it, thereby turning on the power of the fan and starting the fan to work. Conversely, when heat dissipation is not required, the control module sends a signal to disconnect the electromagnetic switch, cut off the power of the fan, and stop the fan from working.

[0023] Optionally, after the thermal deformation memory alloy plate is tilted, the side close to the reflective base plate is set as the copper sheet, and the side away from the reflective base plate is set as the memory alloy sheet; one end of the copper sheet away from the reflective base plate is fixedly connected to the copper plate, and one side of the copper plate is fitted with a memory alloy plate; one end of the copper plate away from the copper sheet is fixedly connected to the reflective base plate.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, both the memory alloy sheet and the memory alloy plate can be deformed by heat, thereby producing synchronous bending. Therefore, under the same structure, the memory alloy plate located at the bottom not only does not interfere with the bending of the memory alloy sheet, but also can play a role in supporting the photovoltaic panel.

[0025] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The photovoltaic panels can be installed horizontally or vertically without brackets. The present invention combines a reflective base plate with a long thin-film double-sided component to realize that the entire base plate can be placed horizontally or vertically. Regardless of whether it is placed horizontally or vertically, the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic component is still basically facing the direction of the sunlight. By further utilizing the memory alloy material to realize that the deformation bending is proportional to the temperature, the inclination angle of the component can be increased in winter and decreased in summer, thereby achieving single-axis sunlight tracking to improve power generation output. The diffusely reflected sunlight of the reflective base plate can provide auxiliary radiation light to the back of the double-sided component. This series of improvements can achieve an increase in photovoltaic output per unit installation area while eliminating the need for complex photovoltaic bracket arrangements.

[0026] 2. Improve the short-term volatility of photovoltaic power generation at a very low cost. The problem of excessive load fluctuation in photovoltaic power generation also restricts the development of photovoltaic power generation. The cost of energy storage system is high. How to smooth the output of photovoltaic power generation and compensate for the instantaneous output drop caused by frequent shadow shading in a short time will maximize the benefits of photovoltaic power generation. The present invention uses a battery in parallel with each group of photovoltaic cells. After the photovoltaic panel is blocked, the output loss is compensated by the discharge of the farad capacitor. At the same time, the output voltage of the blocked photovoltaic cell is greatly reduced when the battery is discharged, thereby realizing the residual output under the blocking condition and avoiding the waste of bypass diodes.

[0027] 3. Realize the provision of power grid output during night peak. One of the biggest drawbacks of photovoltaic power generation is that it cannot provide the night peak load of electricity consumption from 6 to 9 p.m. The present invention can provide power output at night with the help of battery energy storage, thus overcoming the defect that photovoltaic power generation cannot provide power during the night peak load period. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is the circuit diagram of Example 1 of the present application.

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic module in Example 1 of the present application.

[0030] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram mainly used to show the thermal deformation memory alloy plate in Example 1 of the present application.

[0031] Figure numerals: 1. Bypass diode; 2. Current limiting resistor; 3. Bidirectional trigger tube; 4. Reverse isolation diode; 5. Fireproof casing; 6. Energy storage battery; 7. Zener diode; 8. Photovoltaic module; 9. Thin-film double-sided photovoltaic panel; 10. Reflective bottom plate; 11. Bottom shell; 12. Thermal deformation memory alloy plate; 13. Standard photovoltaic terminal head. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0033] Example 1 Example 1 of the present application discloses a micro-energy storage photovoltaic module, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , including a photovoltaic component 8, a battery component and a protection component.

[0034] The photovoltaic module 8 includes a bottom shell 11, a reflective bottom plate 10 and a thin-film double-sided photovoltaic panel 9. The reflective bottom plate 10 is arranged on the top of the bottom shell 11. Since the existing photovoltaic modules 8 need to be installed by arranging the inclined surface of the bracket, they cannot be installed horizontally or vertically on the wall, which will put forward higher requirements on the building where they are installed. At the same time, expensive brackets are required to support the photovoltaic panels. In addition, it is also difficult to install them on the exterior walls of the building, resulting in a lot of available space being unusable. Therefore, a thin-film double-sided photovoltaic panel 9 is installed on the bottom shell 11 through a thermal deformation memory alloy plate 12. The thin-film double-sided photovoltaic panel 9 is located above the reflective bottom plate 10. The reflective bottom plate 10 is used to reflect light to the back of the thin-film double-sided photovoltaic panel 9; the thin-film double-sided photovoltaic panel 9 is electrically connected to a standard photovoltaic terminal 13, i.e., an MC4 connector.

[0035] The battery assembly is electrically connected to the photovoltaic assembly 8 and is used to store the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic assembly 8. The battery assembly includes a plurality of battery submodules connected in series, and the battery submodule includes an energy storage battery 6 and a Zener diode 7; the Zener diode 7 is connected in parallel to the corresponding energy storage battery 6; and the anode of the Zener diode 7 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage battery 6. Among them, the battery assembly is composed of 1-50 battery submodules connected in series, and the batteries installed in the battery submodules are batteries of the same specifications, and the rated voltage is the sum of the voltages of all battery submodules after being connected in series. At 105% of the maximum power point voltage of the photovoltaic assembly 8, the trigger voltage of the bidirectional trigger tube 3 is 10-70% of the maximum power point voltage of the photovoltaic assembly 8, and the Zener voltage of the Zener diode 7 is 110-115% of the rated voltage of a single battery.

[0036] The protection component is electrically connected to the photovoltaic component 8 and the battery component, and is used to protect the photovoltaic component 8 and the battery component. The protection component includes a bypass diode 1, a current limiting resistor 2, a bidirectional trigger tube 3 and a reverse isolation diode 4; the current limiting resistor 2, the bidirectional trigger tube 3 and the battery component are connected in series in sequence, and the whole after the series connection is connected in parallel with the bypass diode 1; the whole after the parallel connection is connected in parallel with the standard photovoltaic terminal 13 of the photovoltaic component 8; the reverse isolation diode 4 is connected in parallel with the bidirectional trigger tube 3; wherein the cathode of the reverse isolation diode 4 is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the battery component; the anode of the bypass diode 1 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the battery component.

[0037] The photovoltaic panel is installed horizontally or vertically without a bracket. The reflective bottom plate 10 is combined with the long thin film double-sided component to realize the whole bottom plate being placed horizontally or vertically. Regardless of whether it is placed horizontally or vertically, the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic component 8 automatically adjusts the inclination of the photovoltaic panel according to the temperature change under the action of the thermal deformation memory alloy plate 12, realizes single-axis sunlight tracking, and basically still faces the direction of sunlight, thereby improving the power generation efficiency. The thin film double-sided photovoltaic panel 9 receives light on both sides, which improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The reflective bottom plate 10 is located below the photovoltaic panel, reflecting the light that is not directly absorbed, further enhancing the utilization rate of light energy. The thermal deformation memory alloy plate 12 is connected to the photovoltaic panel and the reflective bottom plate 10, and the angle of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted by using the characteristics of the memory alloy to adapt to different sunlight angles and optimize the power generation efficiency. The standard photovoltaic terminal 13 is used to connect the photovoltaic component 8 with the subsequent circuit. The bypass diode 1 provides a bypass path to prevent the hot spot effect when the photovoltaic panel is blocked or damaged by a shadow. The current limiting resistor 2 limits the current to protect the subsequent circuit from large current shocks. The bidirectional trigger tube 3 automatically adjusts the working state according to the photovoltaic output voltage to achieve power smoothing. The reverse isolation diode 4 prevents the current from flowing in the reverse direction and protects the energy storage battery 6. Through the coordinated use of components such as the bypass diode 1, the current limiting resistor 2, and the bidirectional trigger tube 3, the precise control of the photovoltaic output current and power smoothing are achieved.

[0038] The present invention cleverly utilizes the combination of the bidirectional trigger tube 3 and the passive devices such as the Zener diode 7. When the photovoltaic cell has a voltage higher than the MPPT voltage, the photovoltaic cell automatically charges the battery because the voltage is higher than the battery group voltage. Since the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell is still near the MPPT voltage, it will hardly affect the normal operation of the photovoltaic inverter. When the photovoltaic cell power generation power is reduced, in order to avoid frequent charging and discharging of the battery, only when the photovoltaic cell voltage is reduced to much lower than the battery group voltage, the bidirectional trigger tube 3 is turned on and the battery discharges outward. At this time, the battery power is output to the power grid through the photovoltaic inverter to achieve the photovoltaic power generation power smoothing effect. The photovoltaic cell realizes the adaptive control of charging and discharging the battery. Through the coordination of the above-mentioned component parameters, energy storage is realized when the photovoltaic power generation is large, and discharge is realized when the photovoltaic output is reduced, and the battery will not be overcharged or over-discharged. Since there is no additional loss of the converter, the battery only has a voltage drop loss of about 40.7V of the bidirectional trigger tube 3 or the reverse isolation diode when working, and the efficiency is greatly improved compared with the energy storage converter.

[0039] The thin film double-sided photovoltaic panel 9 is in the shape of a strip, and is provided with a plurality of panels of the same specification; each thin film double-sided photovoltaic panel 9 is equally spaced. One end of each thin film double-sided photovoltaic panel 9 is connected to the thermal deformation memory alloy plate 12 and then to the reflective bottom plate 10.

[0040] The energy storage battery is arranged on each photovoltaic module 8, so that the photovoltaic energy storage batteries 6 are arranged in a dispersed manner, eliminating the high cost of building an energy storage station and reducing the fire hazard.

[0041] Reference Figure 3 The thermal deformation memory alloy plate 12 includes a memory alloy sheet and a copper sheet that are fixedly connected; the memory alloy sheet and the copper sheet are bonded together.

[0042] Copper sheets are used to achieve good thermal conductivity and ensure efficient heat transfer; memory alloy materials are used to achieve a proportional relationship between deformation and bending and temperature, so that the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module 8 can be increased in winter and reduced in summer, thereby achieving single-axis sunlight tracking to improve power generation output. The diffusely reflected sunlight of the reflective base plate 10 can provide auxiliary radiation light to the back of the double-sided module. This series of improvements can increase the photovoltaic output per unit installation area by more than 20%, while eliminating the need for complex photovoltaic bracket layout.

[0043] The battery submodule includes a fireproof housing 5; the fireproof housing 5 includes a flame-retardant plastic housing, which is covered on the corresponding energy storage battery 6. A battery shrapnel with a spring contact is provided inside the fireproof housing 5, and the battery shrapnel is convenient for electrical connection with the energy storage battery 6. The fireproof housing 5 is made of flame-retardant plastic, such as PC, PA, PP, PS or other flame-retardant materials. A battery shrapnel with a spring contact is provided inside the fireproof housing 5 to facilitate battery connection.

[0044] The fireproof housing 5 is provided with explosion-proof holes, which are gaps or slits of a certain width provided on the housing. When the internal pressure increases, the gas or explosion products can be released through these gaps, thereby improving safety. The present invention disperses the batteries on each group of photovoltaic panels through the fireproof housing 5, so that even if a fire occurs, only a part of the photovoltaic equipment is damaged, and the hidden danger of difficulty in fire fighting caused by the centralized arrangement of batteries is avoided.

[0045] The battery assembly is connected in parallel with each group of photovoltaic assemblies 8, and a farad capacitor is connected in parallel between the photovoltaic assemblies 8 and the battery assembly.

[0046] When the photovoltaic panel is blocked, the battery is connected in parallel with each group of photovoltaic cells, and the farad capacitor is discharged to compensate for the output loss. At the same time, the output voltage of the blocked photovoltaic cell is greatly reduced when the battery is discharged, thereby realizing the residual output under the blocking condition, avoiding the waste of bypass diode 1, and improving the short-term volatility of photovoltaic power generation.

[0047] The embodiments of the present application have the following advantages: 1. The photovoltaic panel can be installed horizontally or vertically without a bracket. The present invention combines the reflective base plate 10 with the long thin film double-sided component to realize the whole base plate being placed flat or vertically. Regardless of whether it is placed flat or vertically, the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic component 8 is still basically facing the direction of the sunlight. By further utilizing the memory alloy material to realize that the deformation bending is proportional to the temperature, the inclination angle of the component can be increased in winter and decreased in summer, achieving single-axis sunlight tracking to improve power generation output. The diffusely reflected sunlight of the reflective base plate 10 can provide auxiliary radiation light to the back of the double-sided component. This series of improvements can achieve an increase of more than 20% in photovoltaic output per unit installation area, while eliminating the need for complex photovoltaic bracket arrangements.

[0048] 2. Improve the short-term volatility of photovoltaic power generation at a very low cost. The problem of excessive load fluctuation in photovoltaic power generation also restricts the development of photovoltaic power generation. The cost of energy storage system is high. How to smooth the output of photovoltaic power generation and compensate for the instantaneous output drop caused by frequent shadow shading in a short time will maximize the benefits of photovoltaic power generation. The present invention uses a battery in parallel with each group of photovoltaic cells. After the photovoltaic panel is blocked, the output loss is compensated by the discharge of the farad capacitor. At the same time, the output voltage of the blocked photovoltaic cell is greatly reduced when the battery is discharged, thereby realizing the residual output under the blocking condition and avoiding the waste of bypass diode 1. The present invention eliminates the need for converters, energy storage station construction, and the high cost of new battery packs, and only uses old 18650 and other small batteries to achieve the effect of smoothing photovoltaic power. Compared with the construction of energy storage stations in the prior art, the construction cost of the present invention is only 200 yuan per kilowatt. Calculated at 150 yuan / kilowatt for waste lithium batteries, the corresponding energy storage station construction cost is as high as 1,800 yuan / kilowatt, which is almost nine times the difference.

[0049] 3. Realize the power grid output supply during the night peak. One of the biggest drawbacks of photovoltaic power generation is that it cannot provide the night peak load of electricity consumption from 6 to 9 pm. The present invention can provide power for about two hours at night with the help of battery energy storage, overcoming the defect that photovoltaic power generation cannot supply power during the night peak load period.

[0050] Example 2 Example 2 of the present application discloses a trace energy storage photovoltaic module, which has a structure basically the same as that of Example 1. Under the premise that the photovoltaic component 8 can utilize the angle change at the thermal deformation memory alloy plate 12, in order to further stabilize this characteristic, a temperature sensor, a light intensity sensor, a heating module, a heat dissipation module and a control module are additionally provided.

[0051] The temperature sensor is disposed at the thermal deformation memory alloy plate 12 and is used to obtain the temperature of the thermal deformation memory alloy plate 12 in real time; the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the control module.

[0052] The light intensity sensor is arranged on the front side of the thin-film double-sided photovoltaic panel 9 to obtain the light intensity; the light intensity sensor is electrically connected to the control module.

[0053] The heating module and the heat dissipation module are arranged at the thermal deformation memory alloy plate 12 for heating or dissipating heat from the thermal deformation memory alloy plate 12 ; the heating module and the heat dissipation module are both controllably connected to the control module.

[0054] The control module is electrically connected to the battery assembly and the photovoltaic assembly 8, and is used to obtain the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic assembly 8 in real time. Modern photovoltaic systems are usually equipped with intelligent monitoring systems, which can collect and analyze the power generation data of the photovoltaic assembly 8 in real time. Through sensors and data analysis algorithms, these systems can calculate the real-time power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic assembly 8.

[0055] According to the historical light intensity, temperature and power generation efficiency, a corresponding relationship model is established; according to the real-time light intensity, based on the corresponding relationship model, the ideal power generation efficiency reference value and the ideal temperature reference value are obtained. The corresponding relationship model is to establish a corresponding table for light intensity, temperature and power generation efficiency based on time and other conditions. The light intensity data in the table is presented in the form of a range, and the power generation efficiency reference value and the ideal temperature reference value are obtained by looking up the table.

[0056] When the difference between the real-time power generation efficiency and the power generation efficiency reference value is greater than the set threshold, it is judged as an abnormal situation. In the normal process of converting solar energy into electrical energy, since the light intensity and power generation efficiency are proportional, it can be judged whether the inclination of the photovoltaic module 8 needs to be properly adjusted by whether the power generation efficiency is abnormal due to some factors.

[0057] When an abnormal situation occurs; if the difference between the temperature reference value and the real-time temperature is greater than the first set value, it means that the current light intensity is sufficient, but the inclination angle is low. Due to the low temperature, in order to prevent the inclination angle of the photovoltaic assembly 8 from being too large, the control module starts the heating module to heat for the first set time; heating makes the inclination angle relatively small, which helps to obtain a higher intensity of light. If the difference between the real-time temperature and the temperature reference value is greater than the second set value, it means that the temperature is too high at this time, and too high temperature will cause the inclination angle to be too small, and too small an inclination angle will reduce the amount of light received. Therefore, the control module starts the heat dissipation module to work for the second set time; heat dissipation makes the inclination angle relatively large. In the actual application process, the initial inclination angle of the photovoltaic assembly 8 will be set to different angles according to the actual application geographical location, the installation inclination angle there, and the corresponding climate. In addition, the thermal deformation memory alloy plates 12 of different lengths or different posture structures will bring different deformation amounts per unit temperature, which will cause the photovoltaic inclination angle to be affected differently by temperature changes. Therefore, the specific value will be set according to the actual application scenario.

[0058] The temperature data at the thermal deformation memory alloy plate 12 is transmitted to the control module through the temperature sensor; the light intensity at the photovoltaic assembly 8 is transmitted to the control module through the light intensity sensor; the control module simultaneously receives the power parameters of the photovoltaic assembly 8 and the battery assembly, thereby establishing a functional relationship between the light intensity, temperature and power parameters; although the thermal deformation memory alloy plate 12 can be deformed within a certain temperature range, this deformation may be interfered by various external factors. With the consumption of time and the exposure of light, in order to make the thermal deformation memory alloy plate 12 more stably follow the change of light intensity, a heating module and a heat dissipation module are added to more accurately control the bending angle of the photovoltaic assembly 8 under the corresponding temperature and light intensity, so as to maximize the power. Through the corresponding relationship model, the system can more accurately predict and control the ideal power generation efficiency and temperature, thereby ensuring that the photovoltaic assembly 8 operates in the best state. If the real-time temperature is too low under a certain light intensity, the control module will start the heating module and heat the first set time to increase the working temperature of the thermal deformation memory alloy plate 12 to adapt to the angle of light intensity, thereby helping to improve the power generation efficiency. If the real-time temperature is too high under a certain light intensity, the control module will start the heat dissipation module to work for a second set time to reduce the working temperature of the thermal deformation memory alloy plate 12 to prevent the thermal deformation memory alloy plate 12 from excessively bending and affecting the angle of receiving light.

[0059] The heating module includes an electrically connected heating wire, a first electromagnetic switch and a power supply, the heating wire is installed on the copper plate of the thermal deformation memory alloy plate 12, and the electromagnetic switch is controlled to be connected to the control module. The power supply is a small power supply, which can be a battery or a small solar cell, etc., and is mainly used to power the heating wire.

[0060] The heating wire is installed on the copper plate of the thermal deformation memory alloy plate 12 to ensure that the heat energy can be directly transferred to the thermal deformation memory alloy plate 12, thereby achieving a temperature increase. When the control module determines that heating is required, it will send a signal to the first electromagnetic switch to close it, thereby turning on the power supply of the heating wire. Conversely, when heating is not required, the control module will send a signal to turn off the first electromagnetic switch to cut off the power supply of the heating wire.

[0061] The heat dissipation module includes an electrically connected fan, a second electromagnetic switch and a power supply. The fan is installed on the photovoltaic module 8 and is arranged toward the thermal deformation memory alloy plate 12. The switch of the electromagnetic fan is controlled by the control module. Similarly, the power supply is a separately set power supply, which can simultaneously supply power to the heating module.

[0062] The fan is mounted on the photovoltaic module 8 and is arranged toward the thermal deformation memory alloy plate 12 to ensure that the alloy plate can be directly cooled. When the control module determines that cooling is required, it sends a signal to the electromagnetic switch to close it, thereby turning on the power of the fan and starting the fan to work. Conversely, when cooling is not required, the control module sends a signal to disconnect the electromagnetic switch, cut off the power of the fan, and stop the fan from working.

[0063] Similarly, due to the differences in photovoltaic modules 8, the actual required heating and heat dissipation powers are also different, and need to be set according to actual usage conditions.

[0064] Example 3 The structure of Example 3 is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that a supporting structure is added to the structure of Example 3: After the thermal deformation memory alloy plate 12 is tilted, the side close to the reflective base plate 10 is set as a copper sheet, and the side away from the reflective base plate 10 is set as a memory alloy sheet; the end of the copper sheet away from the reflective base plate 10 is fixedly connected to the copper plate, and the memory alloy plate is attached to one side of the copper plate; the end of the copper plate away from the copper sheet is fixedly connected to the reflective base plate 10. After the copper plate is tilted, it is located on the side close to the reflective base plate 10 or away from the reflective base plate 10. Regardless of which side it is located on, when the thermal deformation memory alloy plate 12 is deformed by heat, the memory alloy sheet and the memory alloy plate can be deformed by heat, thereby generating synchronous bending, so that the memory alloy plate located at the bottom can not only not interfere with the bending of the memory alloy sheet, but also play a role in supporting the photovoltaic panel.

[0065] In summary, the combination of the copper sheet and the memory alloy sheet enables heat to be quickly transferred to the memory alloy sheet, thereby triggering its deformation. This ensures that the thermal deformation memory alloy plate 12 can respond to temperature changes in a timely manner and achieve automatic adjustment of the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module. A copper plate and a memory alloy plate are additionally provided, and the structure and material are the same as those of the copper sheet and the memory alloy sheet, for achieving more stable support.

[0066] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A micro-energy storage photovoltaic module, characterized in that: It includes a photovoltaic module (8), a battery module and a protection module; The photovoltaic assembly (8) comprises a bottom shell (11), the top of which is provided with a reflective bottom plate (10); a thin-film double-sided photovoltaic panel (9) is mounted on the bottom shell (11) via a thermal deformation memory alloy plate (12), the thin-film double-sided photovoltaic panel (9) is located above the reflective bottom plate (10), and the reflective bottom plate (10) is used to reflect light to the back of the thin-film double-sided photovoltaic panel (9); a standard photovoltaic terminal (13) is electrically connected to the thin-film double-sided photovoltaic panel (9); the thermal deformation memory alloy plate (12) comprises a fixedly connected memory alloy sheet and a copper sheet; the memory alloy sheet and the copper sheet are arranged in a bonded manner; The battery assembly is electrically connected to the photovoltaic assembly (8) and is used to store the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic assembly (8); the battery assembly comprises a plurality of battery submodules of the same specification connected in series, the battery submodules comprising an energy storage battery (6) and a Zener diode (7); the Zener diode (7) is connected in parallel to the corresponding energy storage battery (6); and the anode of the Zener diode (7) is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage battery (6); the battery assembly is connected in parallel to each group of photovoltaic assemblies (8), and a farad capacitor is connected in parallel between the photovoltaic assembly (8) and the battery assembly; The protection component is electrically connected to the photovoltaic component (8) and the battery component, and is used to protect the photovoltaic component (8) and the battery component; the protection component comprises a bypass diode (1), a current limiting resistor (2), a bidirectional trigger tube (3) and a reverse isolation diode (4); the current limiting resistor (2), the bidirectional trigger tube (3) and the battery component are connected in series in sequence, and the whole after the series connection is connected in parallel with the bypass diode (1); the whole after the parallel connection is connected in parallel with the standard photovoltaic terminal (13) of the photovoltaic component (8); the reverse isolation diode (4) is connected in parallel with the bidirectional trigger tube (3); wherein the cathode of the reverse isolation diode (4) is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the battery component; and the anode of the bypass diode (1) is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the battery component.

2. The micro-energy storage photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thin-film double-sided photovoltaic panel (9) is in the shape of a long strip and is provided with a plurality of panels of the same specification; one end of each thin-film double-sided photovoltaic panel (9) is connected to the thermal deformation memory alloy plate (12) and then connected to the reflective bottom plate (10); and the spacing between each panel of the thin-film double-sided photovoltaic panel (9) is equal.

3. The micro-energy storage photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery submodule comprises a fireproof housing (5); the fireproof housing (5) comprises a flame-retardant plastic housing, which is covered on the corresponding energy storage battery (6); a battery shrapnel with a spring contact is arranged inside the fireproof housing (5), and the battery shrapnel is electrically connected to the energy storage battery (6).

4. The micro-energy storage photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fireproof housing (5) is provided with explosion-proof holes.

5. The micro-energy storage photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage battery (6) is a storage battery of the same specification, the rated voltage of the storage battery is the sum of the voltages of all battery submodules connected in series, at 105% of the maximum power point voltage of the photovoltaic module (8), the trigger voltage of the bidirectional trigger tube (3) is 10-70% of the maximum power point voltage of the photovoltaic module (8), and the Zener voltage of the Zener diode (7) is 110-115% of the rated voltage of a single energy storage battery (6).

6. The micro-energy storage photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a temperature sensor, a light intensity sensor, a heating module, a heat dissipation module and a control module; The temperature sensor is arranged at the thermal deformation memory alloy plate (12) and is used to obtain the temperature of the thermal deformation memory alloy plate (12) in real time; the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the control module; The light intensity sensor is arranged on the front side of the thin-film double-sided photovoltaic panel (9) and is used to obtain light intensity; the light intensity sensor is electrically connected to the control module; The heating module and the heat dissipation module are arranged at the thermal deformation memory alloy plate (12) and are used to heat or dissipate heat from the thermal deformation memory alloy plate (12); the heating module and the heat dissipation module are both controllably connected to the control module; The control module is electrically connected to the battery assembly and the photovoltaic assembly (8) and is used to obtain the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic assembly (8) in real time; According to the historical light intensity, temperature and power generation efficiency, a corresponding relationship model is established; according to the real-time light intensity, based on the corresponding relationship model, an ideal power generation efficiency reference value and an ideal temperature reference value are obtained; When the difference between the real-time power generation efficiency and the power generation efficiency reference value is greater than the set threshold, it is judged as an abnormal situation; When an abnormal situation occurs; if the difference between the temperature reference value and the real-time temperature is greater than the first set value, the control module starts the heating module to heat for the first set time; if the difference between the real-time temperature and the temperature reference value is greater than the second set value, the control module starts the heat dissipation module to work for the second set time.

7. The micro-energy storage photovoltaic module according to claim 6, characterized in that: The heating module comprises an electrically connected heating wire, a first electromagnetic switch and a power supply, the heating wire is mounted on a copper plate of a thermal deformation memory alloy plate (12), and the electromagnetic switch is controllably connected to the control module.

8. The micro-energy storage photovoltaic module according to claim 6, characterized in that: The heat dissipation module comprises an electrically connected fan, a second electromagnetic switch and a power supply. The fan is mounted on the photovoltaic assembly (8) and is arranged toward the thermal deformation memory alloy plate (12). The switch of the electromagnetic fan is controlled by the control module.

9. The micro-energy storage photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the thermal deformation memory alloy plate (12) is tilted, a side close to the reflective base plate (10) is provided as the copper sheet, and a side away from the reflective base plate (10) is provided as the memory alloy sheet; an end of the copper sheet away from the reflective base plate (10) is fixedly connected to the copper plate, and a memory alloy plate is laminated on one side of the copper plate; an end of the copper plate away from the copper sheet is fixedly connected to the reflective base plate (10).

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